Journal articles on the topic 'Sonic images'
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Godøy, Rolf Inge. "Images of Sonic Objects." Organised Sound 15, no. 01 (March 11, 2010): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771809990264.
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Higgins, HannahB. "Sonic Images of the Coronavirus." Critical Inquiry 47, S2 (January 1, 2021): S128—S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/711456.
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Hornby, Brian E., William F. Murphy, Hsui‐Lin Liu, and Kai Hsu. "Reservoir sonics: A North Sea case study." GEOPHYSICS 57, no. 1 (January 1992): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443178.
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Full waveform sonic data, acquired in a borehole penetrating a North Sea reservoir, were used to explore new techniques for analysis and interpretation of sonic data. Analysis of direct sonic arrivals included correlations with core‐derived permeability, inversion for compressional and shear velocities, and interpretation of compressional and shear velocities in terms of formation parameters. The velocities are found to be sensitive indicators of lithology and water saturation. In addition to the standard processing for compressional and shear velocities, inversion of sonic traveltimes resulted in a compressional wave‐velocity log with a 0.15 m vertical resolution. Using a process similar to prestack seismic migration, reflected sonic arrivals were used to form images of bedding features to a distance of 12 m from the borehole. The well intersects a region of strong normal faulting. Locations of high angle features and strong dip changes on the sonic‐derived images were consistent with the locations of faults indicated on the dipmeter‐derived structural cross‐sections.
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Iwata, Koji, Yusuke Abiko, Akinari Hirao, and Nobutoshi Yamazaki. "Measurement of Lumbar Curve using Ultra Sonic Images." Japanese journal of ergonomics 33, Supplement (1997): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.33.supplement_192.
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Ramnarine, Tina K. "SONIC IMAGES OF THE SACRED IN SÁMI CINEMA." Interventions 15, no. 2 (June 2013): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369801x.2013.798474.
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Pérez-Alfayate, Ruth, Juan Algar-Pinilla, Montse Mercade, and Federico Foschi. "Sonic Activation Improves Bioceramic Sealer’s Penetration into the Tubular Dentin of Curved Root Canals: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Investigation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 3902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093902.
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Background—The aim was to determine the influence of sonic activation in the tubular dentine penetration of bioceramic sealers. Methods—Forty mesiobuccal curved root canals of mandibular molars with an apical diameter smaller than #30 were prepared, divided into two groups, and filled with EndoSequence BC sealer, with or without sonic activation during its placement. Roots were sectioned at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex, producing a sample size of 120. The samples were evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope and comparing these images to the images obtained from an operatory microscope. The percentage of sealer penetration and maximum sealer penetration were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test, where statistical significance was set to p < 0.05. Results—Sonic activation showed higher values for the percentage of sealer penetration when compared at the 9 mm level (p = 0.03). A higher value of maximum sealer penetration was observed at all levels when the sealer was activated. Conclusions—The sonic activation of bioceramic cement resulted in higher sealer penetration into dentinal tubules.
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Blyth, Matthew, Naoki Sakiyama, Hiroshi Hori, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakajima, Syed Muhammad Fahim Ud Din, Adam Haecker, and Mark G. Kittridge. "Revealing Hidden Information: High-Resolution Logging-While-Drilling Slowness Measurements and Imaging Using Advanced Dual Ultrasonic Technology." Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 62, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv62n1-2021a6.
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A new logging-while-drilling (LWD) acoustic tool has been developed with novel ultrasonic pitch-catch and pulse-echo technologies. The tool enables both high-resolution slowness and reflectivity images, which cannot be addressed with conventional acoustic logging. Measuring formation elastic-wave properties in complex, finely layered formations is routinely attempted with sonic tools that measure slowness over a receiver array with a length of 2 ft or more depending upon the tool design. These apertures lead to processing results with similar vertical resolutions, obscuring the true slowness of any layering occurring at a finer scale. If any of these layers present significantly different elastic-wave properties than the surrounding rock, then they can play a major role in both wellbore stability and hydraulic fracturing but can be absent from geomechanical models built on routine sonic measurements. Conventional sonic tools operate in the 0.1- to 20-kHz frequency range and can deliver slowness information with approximately 1 ft or more depth of investigation. This is sufficient to investigate the far-field slowness values but makes it very challenging to evaluate the near-wellbore region where tectonic stress redistribution causes pronounced azimuthal slowness variation. This stress-induced slowness variation is important because it is also a key driver of wellbore geomechanics. Moreover, in the presence of highly laminated formations, there can be a significant azimuthal variation of slowness due to layering that is often beyond the resolution of conventional sonic tools due to their operating frequency. Finally, in horizontal wells, multiple layer slownesses are being measured simultaneously because of the depth of investigation of conventional sonic tools. This can cause significant interpretational challenges. To address these challenges, an entirely new design approach was needed. The novel pitch-catch technology operates over a wide frequency range centered at 250 kHz and contains an array of receivers having a 2-in. receiver aperture. The use of dual ultrasonic technology allows the measurement of high-resolution slowness data azimuthally as well as reflectivity and caliper images. The new LWD tool was run in both vertical and horizontal wells and directly compared with both wireline sonic and imaging tools. The inch-scale slownesses obtained show characteristic features that clearly correlate to the formation lithology and structure indicated by the images. These features are completely absent from the conventional sonic data due to its comparatively lower vertical resolution. Slowness images from the tool reflect the formation elastic-wave properties at a fine scale and show dips and lithological variations that are complementary to the data from the pulse-echo images. The physics of the measurement are discussed, along with its ability to measure near-wellbore slowness, elastic-wave properties, and stress variations. Additionally, the effect of the stress-induced, near-wellbore features seen in the slowness images and the pulse-echo images is discussed with the wireline dipole shear anisotropy processing.
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Bennett, Nicholas N. "3D slowness time coherence for sonic imaging." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): D179—D189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0077.1.
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Although sonic imaging can provide higher resolution images of the near-wellbore region than lower frequency seismic and borehole seismic measurements, many challenges confront its more widespread use. The traditional sonic imaging workflow of first filtering the borehole modes and then migrating the underlying reflected arrival events ignores a critical interpretation step, namely, characterizing these reflected arrivals in terms of their azimuths, raypath types, and other attributes. Furthermore, using sonic imaging results in subsequent modeling and simulation workflows requires determining the 3D coordinates or at least the true dip and azimuth of these near-wellbore reflectors, and feature extraction from noisy 2D sonic imaging migration images cannot provide either of these. To address these interpretation challenges and develop a means of mapping these reflectors without requiring a migration, a central issue that arises is whether we can determine the slowness and propagation direction of a reflected wavefield using a standard array of receiver sensors mounted around the circumference of a tool sonde. To accomplish this task, we have developed 3D slowness time coherence (STC). We combine an automated time pick with a ray-tracing procedure and our 3D STC processing to evaluate the many candidate arrival events that may be present in the filtered waveform measurements, which leads to a 3D map of the reflectors that can be readily integrated into digital models of the surrounding subsurface as well as logs of reflector true dip and azimuth that can be compared with similar logs produced from borehole images.
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Shah, Bhavik J., D. C. Tewari, Sujoy Mondal, Anup Kumar Anand, Arpit Buddhiwant, and Jitendra S. Sangwai. "Estimation of uncertainty in sonic porosity using microcomputerized tomography images." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 125 (January 2015): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2014.10.020.
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Pearson, Lara. "Gesture and the Sonic Event in Karnatak Music." Empirical Musicology Review 8, no. 1 (October 24, 2013): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v8i1.3918.
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This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between gesture and music in the context of a Karnatak vocal lesson recorded in Tamil Nadu, South India in September 2011. The study aims to examine instances of correspondence between gesture and sonic event that occur during the lesson. Through this analysis the paper aims to contribute to the wider debate on the factors that determine gesture. Shape and trajectory are used in this study as means of describing and comparing gestures. The teacher’s hand movements are tracked and traced rendering the gestures as static shapes in still images, and developing lines in moving images. The correspondences found between gestures and sonic features are discussed in relation to the physical movement required to produce the music. In addition, the circumstances in which correspondence is not found are analyzed and the extent to which the dynamic form of gesture is also influenced by the phrase as a whole is emphasized.
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Hornby, Brian E. "Imaging of near‐borehole structure using full‐waveform sonic data." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 6 (June 1989): 747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442702.
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The full waveforms recorded by an array of receivers in a modern borehole sonic tool contain secondary arrivals that are reflected from near‐borehole structural features. These arrivals are used to form an image of the near‐borehole structural features in a manner similar to seismic migration. Possible uses of this technique include horizontal well logging; structural dip and contour determination; fault, salt dome, pinnacle reef, and fracture zone imaging; and EOR steam‐flood monitoring. Since both the source and the receivers pass through structures that cross the borehole, the downdip structure and the updip structure can be imaged separately. The technique involves a backprojection of the recorded data into a matrix of accumulation bins representing distances radially out from the borehole and along the borehole axis. Separate matrices are formed for the updip and for the downdip raypaths. The basic technique is illustrated with synthetic data, generated to approximate the case of a sonic tool logging through a dipping bed boundary. Results are shown for a borehole experiment performed in Alaska. The data were acquired with a research sonic prototype tool and specially recorded with a long acquisition time—20 ms per trace instead of the normal 5 ms. This longer acquisition time enabled the acquisition of scattered P and S arrivals to be recorded after most of the direct signal had died out. Images are shown of near‐borehole structural features to a distance of 18 m from the borehole. The images are presented against an independently derived formation lithology analysis and a high‐resolution synthetic seismic display computed from the measured density and slowness logs.
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Al-Sulaiman, Faleh, and Muhammad Hawwa. "IC Tomography and Infrared Tomography Techniques to Monitor Defect Sites in Palm Tree Trunks." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 1053–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.1053.
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The sonic tomography and infrared thermograph techniques are incorporated to monitor the orientation and the size of the defect sites in the palm tree trunks. The tests are carried out for various conditions of the palm tree trunks, which have the large defect sites caused by the insects. The sonic tomography technique relies on the measurement of the relative sound wave speed by the detectors when the palm tree trunk is excited through the external forces. This technique enables to separate and quantify the damage and the intact volumes. It is found that sonic tomography can be used to identify the damage sites within a reasonable accuracy. The images obtained from the infrared thermograph technique provide information on the presence of the defect sites with the limited capacity for the location and the size of the defect sites in the palm tree trunk.
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He, Zhaojian, Ke Deng, Heping Zhao, and Xiaochun Li. "Designable hybrid sonic crystals for transportation and division of acoustic images." Applied Physics Letters 101, no. 24 (December 10, 2012): 243510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772205.
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Zheliezniak, Serafym. "Problems of Definition and Classification of Sonic Image in the Audio-visual Culture." Culturology Ideas, no. 14 (2'2018) (2018): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.37627/2311-9489-14-2018-2.199-204.
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The purpose of the research is to identify the basis of the sonic image in audio-visual culture, to substantiate the interrelation of its elements and to demonstrate the peculiarities of its functioning. The following specific methods were used to obtain the desirable scientific results: the analysis was used to dissect the subject of the research into individual components, to study their properties, that helped to create a coherent idea of the notion of the sonic image; systematic method was used for the building of a certain structure and typology, which would allow to organize the knowledge about the sonic image in audio-visual works, to expand the toolkit for creative sound solutions; induction and comparison were used to identify the characteristics of different types of use of sound in order to create an artistic image. In this work the foundations of sound image in audio-visual culture are considered from a new angle, an attempt is made to give a substantiated definition to this concept, to disclose its essence through the means of its creation, the expanded system of elements and a detailed analysis of their characteristics up to the archetypal level, also classification different ways of using sonic images is derived in a new way.
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Laferrière, Carolyn. "Painting with Music." Greek and Roman Musical Studies 8, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 63–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22129758-12341362.
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Abstract When Apollo is depicted playing his lyre, the representation of his active musical performance suggests a sonic element in the viewer’s perception of the image. In this paper, I examine how Apollo’s music and its effect upon his audience are communicated in late Archaic Athenian vase-painting. I draw attention to three musical terms, namely ῥυθµός, συµµετρία, and ἁρµονία, which were defined around the same time that the images were created. These concepts were also used for art criticism, encouraging a comparison between art and music. Working between these musical terms and the visual images, I show that the material representation of Apollo’s music informs each image’s composition through the repetition of similar lines and forms among Apollo, his instrument, his audience, and the plants and animals that accompany them. The images suggest that the sounds of the god’s music draw the composition together into a musical harmonia, thereby continually reaffirming the unifying character inherent to Apollo’s music.
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Nabil, Mohammed, A. F. Abo Elezz, and R. K. Safy. "Effect of Preheating and Vibration on Microhardness and Microleakage of Microhybrid Resin Composite (In Vitro Study)." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. D (March 20, 2022): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8639.
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BACKGROUND: Preheating and sonic vibration are two methods for the treatment of microhybrid resin composites that may effect on their mechanical and physical properties. AIM: This study was conducted to assess the effect of using preheating and sonic vibration on microhardness and microleakage of microhybrid resin composite METHODS AND MATERIALS: For microhardness test, a total of 30 samples of resin composite discs were prepared. Samples were divided into three groups according to the method of treatment of resin composite, controlled group (T0), preheated group (T1), and sonic vibration group (T2). Surface microhardness values were evaluated at baseline and after thermocycling. For microleakage test, a total of 30 Class-V cavities were prepared on the labial surfaces of extracted human anterior teeth. The cavities were then divided into three groups according to the method of resin composite treatment as mentioned before in the microhardness test. All samples were sectioned; then two-dimensional cross-sectional images from each sample. Each cross-sectional image was analyzed using Image J software to quantify interfacial microleakage at the cavity floor. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Two-way ANOVA analysis was used to test the effects of thermocycling on three groups of each test. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between three different methods of resin composite treatment. RESULTS: For microhardness at baseline revealed that the highest mean value was recorded for the control group, followed by the sonic vibration group meanwhile, the lowest mean value was recorded for the sonic vibration group, followed by preheated group at microleakage test. CONCLUSION: Preheating and sonic vibration of microhybrid resin composite does not improve its microhardness; however, sonic vibration provides better marginal adaptation than the preheating and the conventional methods.
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Skjerseth, Amy. "Grains of Sound: Visual and Sonic Textures in Sand or Peter and the Wolf." Animation 16, no. 3 (November 2021): 110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17468477211049353.
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There is a tendency in animation studies to discuss sound in the language of images, stressing sound’s alignment with visual cues (as in mickey mousing and leitmotifs). But sounds do not only mimic images: they add textures and emotions that change what we see. This article explores grain (texture) and timbre (tone color produced by specific instruments and techniques) as qualities shared by visual and sonic material. To do so, the author closely reads Sand or Peter and the Wolf (1969), where Caroline Leaf’s haptic sand animation is matched by Michael Riesman’s electroacoustic score. Leaf painstakingly molds animals by scraping away individual sand grains, and Riesman sculpts sonic textures with tiny adjustments to knobs and touch-sensitive pads on the Buchla modular synthesizer. Their collective improvisation with sands and sounds reveals new ways to think about artists’ material practices and the friction and interplay between images and sounds. They encourage spectators to perceive the animals as not merely plasmatic, or Sergei Eisenstein’s notion of contour-bending character animation. Instead, Leaf and Riesman deploy what the author calls ‘granular modulation’, expressing sand and animals with sensuous materiality. In Leaf’s and Riesman’s improvisations, grainy textures are the seeds of understanding how sound and vision become symbiotic – and encounter friction – in animation.
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Kalashnyk, Mariya P., Uriy I. Loshkov, Oleksandr V. Yakovlev, Anton O. Genkin, and Hanna S. Savchenko. "role of the musical-acoustic thesaurus in the process of orientation in a given space-time." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S4 (October 23, 2021): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns4.1568.
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Musically-acoustic thesaurus is a complex structure which composition of multiple parts is effectuated by multiple channels of receiving information from the outside and ways of manipulation with it. The manipulation is turning of separate facts into systematic knowledge stored in memory. Musically-acoustic thesaurus of collective and individual consists of two groups with duplex connection which are the knowledge of the world as a sonic phenomenon and of human auditory activity and the experience of absorbing the information received, principles of manipulation with it. They fulfill inherent inclination of individual towards usage of auditory images as a requirement for appearance of musical ones. All the sonorities are bracketed in two groups: extra-musical and musical itself. The latter group consists of musical units of acoustically-sonic environment, having utility, practical significance for a person, allowing orientation in given spacetime. At the same time, they are potentially opened to emotional experiences and aesthetic approach towards them. Acoustically-sonic environment possesses basic traits of organization, being reflected in mind by such characteristics as cyclicity, variability, combinationalism, montage structure, simultaneity, interdependency of shape and background.
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Wesner, Ashton Bree. "Contested Sonic Space: Settler Territoriality and Sonographic Visualization at Celilo Falls." Catalyst: Feminism, Theory, Technoscience 4, no. 2 (October 16, 2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.28968/cftt.v4i2.29909.
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In this article, I argue that “seeing with sound" is a fraught political process with the potential to both obfuscate and assist Indigenous claims to land. I do so by analyzing the Portland District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ 2007 sonar images of Celilo Falls on the Columbia River. I take up feminist materialist analytics developed by Native American and Indigenous Studies scholarship on cartography and refusal, and place them in conversation with the sonic geographies of Columbia River Indigenous writers. Namely, I use Elizabeth Woody’s poem Waterways Endeavor to Translate Silence from Currents (1994) to investigate how overlapping and conflicting deployments of sonic imaging play a major cultural, political, and material role in the (re)mapping of Celilo Falls. First, I present a theoretical framework that considers the role of what I call sonic knowledges in unsettling colonial visual cartographies. I use archival Army Corps’ maps and critical sonar studies literature to show how the Army Crops’ 2007 riverbed sonograms emerge from a longer context of US settler practices of enclosing land with maps and surveying water with sound. I then turn to a close reading of newspaper articles and state legislation to analyze how the sonograms take on a present political life in ways that repackage ocularcentrism and assuage settler guilt, thus authorizing ongoing US enclosure of Indigenous lands. Yet, I also bring to bear Indigenous sonic knowledges that position imaging processes as potentially antithetical to addressing questions of access to land and self-determination. Through examining newspaper interviews, public testimonies, and Elizabeth Woody’s poem, I elucidate deployments of sonic knowledge that can help us think about what anti-colonial (re)mapping practices demand of contemporary cartographic imaging processes. Attending to sonic knowledges under conditions of settler-ocularcentrism, I suggest, might assist anti-colonial feminist science studies engagements with processes of imag(in)ing Indigenous space.
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Khan, Afrasyab, Khairuddin Sanaullah, and Noaman Ul Haq. "Development of a Sensor to Detect Condensation of Super-Sonic Steam." Advanced Materials Research 650 (January 2013): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.650.482.
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This paper explains the development and functioning of AC driven electrodes based sensor which is used for the study of condensation phenomena of steam. Time for the AC signals starts form 20 msecond to 1 second. Data acquisition system is employed against each time interval and the output data is fed into EIDORS (a free software algorithm). Images show the clear boundaries between pure steam, its interface and water.
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Molina, Gustavo Otoboni, Marcelo Tomás Oliveira, Rodrigo Otoboni Molina, Camila Martins Alano, Fabrizio Lorenzoni Silva, and Saulo Pamato. "Sonic, ultrasonic and manual instruments in the control of periodontal disease: an in vitro evaluation." Journal of Research in Dentistry 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v1e32013263-272.
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The purpose of this study was evaluating the damage caused by root planning through different types of instrumentation. To perform it, 30 artificial teeth were selected from Prodens trademark, and their roots were divided in longitudinal sense and later included partly in blocks type IV plaster. Next they were submitted to three different types of root instrumentation: manual, sonic and ultrasonic. In each group 15 strokes apex coronary was carried out. After the analysis of root structures, they were evaluated through a stereoscope with 8x magnification; the images were scanned and the damage caused to the dentin surface was measured in total area with software “Image J”. The measures noted were statistical analyzed trough the tests ANOVA/Tukey, comparing the different types of instrumentation. After instrumentation, statistical difference was found (p <0.001) among the three groups. A lower wear of the root structure was obtained with manual instrument with an average of 0.62mm2, followed by the sonic tool wear of 1.07mm2, but a greater wear was found with the ultrasonic instrument: 1.56mm2. In this study was possible conclude that the instrumentation with sonic and ultrasonic methods may provoke more damage in the root estructures.
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Pereira, Érika Sales Joviano, Isabella Faria da Cunha Peixoto, Rodrigo Keigo Lopes Nakagawa, Vicente Tadeu Lopes Buono, and Maria Guiomar de Azevedo Bahia. "Cleaning the apical third of curved canals after different irrigation protocols." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 4 (2012): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000400007.
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This study evaluated the protocols of sonic and vacuum irrigation regarding the capacity of debris removal from root canal systems. Canal preparations were carried out on 30 mandibular first molars using the ProTaper Universal System. Teeth were divided into two experimental groups (n=15): Group 1: sonic irrigation and Group 2: vacuum irrigation protocol. Subsequently, the mesial roots were sectioned and observed by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Three independent examiners evaluated images of the apical thirds according to the following scores: 1= small presence of debris, 2= moderate presence of debris, and 3= dense presence of debris. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). Comparison among the groups revealed that at the apical third, the root halves of Group 1 had significantly less surface debris (p=0.002) than those of Group 2. However, at 2 mm from the working length, Group 2's specimens showed less remaining debris in approximately 75% of the analyzed root canals. At the whole apical third, the sonic irrigation protocol removed significantly more debris than the vacuum protocol. However, in the region at 2 mm from the working length, the second irrigation method demonstrated a better performance.
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Kalfas, Iain H., Donald W. Kormos, Michael A. Murphy, Rick L. McKenzie, Gene H. Barnett, Gordon R. Bell, Charles P. Steiner, Mary Beth Trimble, and Joseph P. Weisenberger. "Application of frameless stereotaxy to pedicle screw fixation of the spine." Journal of Neurosurgery 83, no. 4 (October 1995): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.83.4.0641.
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✓ Interactive frameless stereotaxy has been successfully applied to intracranial surgery. It has contributed to the improved localization of deep-seated brain lesions and has demonstrated a potential for reducing both operative time and morbidity. However, it has not been as effectively applied to spinal surgery. The authors describe the application of frameless stereotactic techniques to spinal surgery, specifically pedicle screw fixation of the lumbosacral spine. Preoperative axial computerized tomography (CT) images of the appropriate spinal segments are obtained and loaded onto a high-speed graphics supercomputer workstation. Intraoperatively, these images can be linked to the appropriate spinal anatomy by a sonic localization digitizer device that is interfaced with the computer workstation. This permits the surgeon to place a pointing device (sonic wand) on any exposed spinal bone landmark in the operative field and obtain multiplanar reconstructed CT images projected in near-real time on the workstation screen. The images can be manipulated to assist the surgeon in determining the proper entry point for a pedicle screw as well as defining the appropriate trajectory in the axial and sagittal planes. It can also define the correct screw length and diameter for each pedicle to be instrumented. The authors applied this device to the insertion of 150 screws into the lumbosacral spines of 30 patients. One hundred forty-nine screws were assessed to be satisfactorily placed by postoperative CT and plain film radiography. In this report the authors discuss their use of this device in the clinical setting and review their preliminary results of frameless stereotaxy applied to spinal surgery. On the basis of their findings, the authors conclude that frameless stereotactic technology can be successfully applied to spinal surgery.
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Ke, Qiao, Jiangshe Zhang, H. M. Srivastava, Wei Wei, and Guang-Sheng Chen. "Independent Component Analysis Based on Information Bottleneck." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/386201.
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The paper is mainly used to provide the equivalence of two algorithms of independent component analysis (ICA) based on the information bottleneck (IB). In the viewpoint of information theory, we attempt to explain the two classical algorithms of ICA by information bottleneck. Furthermore, via the numerical experiments with the synthetic data, sonic data, and image, ICA is proved to be an edificatory way to solve BSS successfully relying on the information theory. Finally, two realistic numerical experiments are conducted via FastICA in order to illustrate the efficiency and practicality of the algorithm as well as the drawbacks in the process of the recovery images the mixing images.
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Kalashnyk, Mariya P., Uriy I. Loshkov, Oleksandr V. Yakovlev, Anton O. Genkin, and Hanna S. Savchenko. "Musically-acoustic Thesaurus as Spatial Dimension of Cognitive Process." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2021): 2381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2288.
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The article considers musically-acoustic thesaurus of collective and individual, a complex structure, which composition of multiple parts is effectuated by multiple channels of receiving information from the outside and ways of manipulation with it, that is turning of separate facts into systematic knowledge stored in memory. This structure consists of two groups with duplex connection. The first one is the knowledge of the world as a sonic phenomenon and of human auditory activity, as well as of the experience of absorbing the information received, principles of manipulation with it, overall – fulfills inherent inclination of individual towards usage of auditory images as a requirement for appearance of musical ones. All the sonorities are bracketed in two groups: extra-musical and musical itself. The latter group consists of musical units of acoustically-sonic environment, having utility, practical significance for a person, allowing orientation in given spacetime. At the same time, they are potentially opened to emotional experiences and aesthetic approach towards them. Acoustically-sonic environment possesses basic traits of organization, being reflected in mind by such characteristics as cyclicity, variability, combinationalism, montage structure, simultaneity, interdependency of “shape” and “background”. In a thesaurus of a collective and individual external environment is imprinted in two ways: as undifferentiated background noise and as separate units, creating relief. The memory contains them both, creating thus sonic image of the world. The knowledge, appearing thus, is stored in thesaurus in compressed type, acquiring its full and kinetic form in cases of contact with reality.
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Nelson, C. J., S. Krishna Prasad, and M. Mathioudakis. "Evolution of downflows in the transition region above a sunspot over short time-scales." Astronomy & Astrophysics 640 (August 2020): A120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038155.
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Context. Downflows with potentially super-sonic velocities have been reported to occur in the transition region above many sunspots; however, how these signatures evolve over short time-scales in both spatial and spectral terms is still unknown and requires further research. Aims. In this article, we investigate the evolution of downflows detected within spectral lines sampling the transition region on time-scales of the order of minutes and we search for clues as to the formation mechanisms of these features in co-temporal imaging data. Methods. For the purposes of this article, we used high-resolution spectral and imaging data sampled by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph on the 20 and 21 May 2015 to identify and analyse downflows. Additionally, photospheric and coronal imaging data from the Hinode and Solar Dynamics Observatory satellites were studied to provide context about the wider solar atmosphere. Results. Four downflows were identified and analysed through time. The potential super-sonic components of these downflows had widths of around 2″ and were observed to evolve over time-scales of the order of minutes. The measured apparent downflow velocities were structured both in time and space, with the highest apparent velocities occurring above a bright region detected in Si IV 1400 Å images. Downflows with apparent velocities below the super-sonic threshold that was assumed here were observed to extend a few arcseconds away from the foot-points, suggesting that the potential super-sonic components are linked to larger-scale flows. The electron density and mass flux for these events were found to be within the ranges of 109.6–1010.2 cm−3 and 10−6.81–10−7.48 g cm−2 s−1, respectively. Finally, each downflow formed at the foot-point of thin “fingers”, extending out around 3–5″ in Si IV 1400 Å data with smaller widths (< 1″) than the super-sonic downflow components. Conclusions. Downflows can appear, disappear, and recur within time-scales of less than one hour in sunspots. As the potential super-sonic downflow signatures were detected at the foot-points of both extended fingers in Si IV 1400 SJI data and sub-sonic downflows in Si IV 1394 Å spectra, it is likely that these events are linked to larger-scale flows within structures such as coronal loops.
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Philishvili, E., B. M. Shergelashvili, S. Buitendag, J. Raes, S. Poedts, and M. L. Khodachenko. "Case study on the identification and classification of small-scale flow patterns in flaring active region." Astronomy & Astrophysics 645 (January 2021): A52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038895.
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Context. We propose a novel methodology to identity flows in the solar atmosphere and classify their velocities as either supersonic, subsonic, or sonic. Aims. The proposed methodology consists of three parts. First, an algorithm is applied to the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) image data to locate and track flows, resulting in the trajectory of each flow over time. Thereafter, the differential emission measure inversion method is applied to six Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) channels along the trajectory of each flow in order to estimate its background temperature and sound speed. Finally, we classify each flow as supersonic, subsonic, or sonic by performing simultaneous hypothesis tests on whether the velocity bounds of the flow are larger, smaller, or equal to the background sound speed. Methods. The proposed methodology was applied to the SDO image data from the 171 Å spectral line for the date 6 March 2012 from 12:22:00 to 12:35:00 and again for the date 9 March 2012 from 03:00:00 to 03:24:00. Eighteen plasma flows were detected, 11 of which were classified as supersonic, 3 as subsonic, and 3 as sonic at a 70% level of significance. Out of all these cases, 2 flows cannot be strictly ascribed to one of the respective categories as they change from the subsonic state to supersonic and vice versa. We labeled them as a subclass of transonic flows. Results. The proposed methodology provides an automatic and scalable solution to identify small-scale flows and to classify their velocities as either supersonic, subsonic, or sonic. It can be used to characterize the physical properties of the solar atmosphere. Conclusions. We identified and classified small-scale flow patterns in flaring loops. The results show that the flows can be classified into four classes: sub-, super-, trans-sonic, and sonic. The flows occur in the complex structure of the active region magnetic loops. The detected flows from AIA images can be analyzed in combination with the other high-resolution observational data, such as Hi-C 2.1 data, and be used for the development of theories describing the physical conditions responsible for the formation of flow patterns.
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Li, David, Xiao Tian, Hao Hu, Xiao-Ming Tang, Xinding Fang, and Yingcai Zheng. "Gaussian beam imaging of fractures near the wellbore using sonic logging tools after removing dispersive borehole waves." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 4 (June 13, 2020): D133—D143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0104.1.
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The ability to image near-wellbore fractures is critical for wellbore integrity monitoring as well as for energy production and waste disposal. Single-well imaging uses a sonic logging instrument consisting of a source and a receiver array to image geologic structures around a wellbore. We use cross-dipole sources because they can excite waves that can be used to image structures farther away from the wellbore than traditional monopole sources. However, the cross-dipole source also will excite large-amplitude, slowly propagating dispersive waves along the surface of the borehole. These waves will interfere with the formation reflection events. We have adopted a new fracture imaging procedure using sonic data. We first remove the strong amplitude borehole waves using a new nonlinear signal comparison method. We then apply Gaussian beam migration to obtain high-resolution images of the fractures. To verify our method, we first test our method on synthetic data sets modeled using a finite-difference approach. We then validate our method on a field data set collected from a fractured natural gas production well. We are able to obtain high-quality images of the fractures using Gaussian beam migration compared with Kirchhoff migration for the synthetic and field data sets. We also found that a low-frequency source (around 1 kHz) is needed to obtain a sharp image of the fracture because high-frequency wavefields can interact strongly with the fluid-filled borehole.
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Prioul, Romain, and Jeroen Jocker. "Fracture characterization at multiple scales using borehole images, sonic logs, and walkaround vertical seismic profile." AAPG Bulletin 93, no. 11 (November 2009): 1503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/08250909019.
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Dukes, Hunter. "Jug Songs: Acoustic Enclosure from Ovid to Eliot." Comparative Literature 72, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 418–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-8537753.
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Abstract Philomela holds a privileged place in Euro-American poetry. Tracking the nightingales in Ovid, Marie de France, Gascoigne, Shakespeare, Milton, Coleridge, and Elizabeth Barrett Browning reveals a new dimension of an old trope. Frequently paired with images of architectural and bodily containment, the nightingale’s song mediates between sound and space. This article builds on Michel Serres, Gilles Deleuze, and Félix Guattari, who use the bird to think about enclosure (sonic, spatial) and territorial possession. Nesting T. S. Eliot’s nightingales within a wider context clarifies other kinds of containment in “A Game of Chess” from The Waste Land, resolving some of the section’s enduring ambiguity concerning images of vacuity and the disembodied voice. Ultimately, this article contributes to debates in lyric studies, arguing for a reappraisal of the nightingale in comparative verse history.
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Thompson, Emily. "Making Noise in The Roaring ’Twenties." Public Historian 37, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2015.37.4.91.
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The Internet offers an unprecedented bounty of historic sound recordings, and the opportunity to listen in on the past has never been greater. But online sound archives also present new challenges. Public history websites must recover the meaning of sound as well as sound itself, and thereby engender a historicized mode of listening that tunes modern ears to the pitch of the past. The Roaring ’Twenties website attempts this via an interactive multimedia environment of sounds, images, and texts, recreating for its listeners the sonic culture of New York City circa 1929, a place and time defined by its din.
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Parra, Jorge O., Chris Hackert, Michael Bennett, and Hughbert A. Collier. "Permeability and porosity images based on NMR, sonic, and seismic reflectivity: Application to a carbonate aquifer." Leading Edge 22, no. 11 (November 2003): 1102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1634914.
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Kalman, Les, and Carol Lui. "Preliminary investigation of a novel endodôntico obturator." Journal of Research in Dentistry 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v5e2201746-50.
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Conventional endodontic treatment requires the removal of the pulp and dentin by shaping the inside of the tooth. The shaping occurs with the use of drills to a geometry that is directly related to a predetermined form of material that will obturate the tooth’s interior.The aim of this study was to investigate a novel device that applies sonic energy during the obturation of the tooth’s interior. Extracted human teeth underwent endodontic treatment. Half of the group were conventionally obturated and the other half were obturated with the novel device. Post-treatment radiographs were evaluated utilizing Schulich dental school endodontic marking criteria.No statistical significance (α = 0.05) was determined between each group. A higher incidence of filled space (60%) occurred with sonic obturation when compared to conventional obturation (33%). Micro-computer tomography (CT) images were obtained of one sample from each group to assess the three-dimensional obturation. The novel device facilitated easy handling and demonstrated potential for effective obturation. Further tests are required for device refinement, larger sample sizes and clinical validation to assess the attitude and practice of dental professionals towards using of advance Radiographic technique.
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Almalki, Majed, Brett Harris, and J. Christian Dupuis. "Multifrequency full-waveform sonic logging in the screened interval of a large-diameter production well." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): B243—B257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0328.1.
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A set of field experiments using multiple transmitter center frequencies was completed to test the application potential of low-frequency full-waveform sonic logging in large-diameter production wells. Wireline logs were acquired in a simple open drillhole and a high-yield large diameter production well completed with wire-wound sand screens at an aquifer storage and recovery site in Perth, Western Australia. Phase-shift transform methods were applied to obtain phase-velocity dispersion images for frequencies of up to 4 kHz. A 3D representation of phase-velocity dispersion was developed to assist in the analysis of possible connections between low-frequency wave propagation modes and the distribution of hydraulic properties. For sandstone intervals in the test well, the highest hydraulic conductivity intervals were typically correlated with the lowest phase velocities. The main characteristics of dispersion images obtained from the sand-screened well were highly comparable with those obtained at the same depth level in a nearby simple drillhole open to the formation. The sand-screened well and the open-hole displayed an expected and substantial difference between dispersion in sand- and clay-dominated intervals. It appears that for clay-dominated formations, the rate of change of phase velocity can be associated to clay content. We demonstrated that with appropriate acquisition and processing, multifrequency full-waveform sonic logging applied in existing large-diameter sand-screened wells can produce valuable results. There are few wireline logging technologies that can be applied in this setting. The techniques that we used would be highly suitable for time-lapse applications in high-volume production wells or for reassessing formation properties behind existing historical production wells.
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Rector, James W., Spyros K. Lazaratos, Jerry M. Harris, and Mark Van Schaack. "High‐resolution crosswell imaging of a west Texas carbonate reservoir: Part 3—Wavefield separation of reflections." GEOPHYSICS 60, no. 3 (May 1995): 692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443808.
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Using crosswell data collected at a depth of about 3000 ft (900 m) in west Texas carbonates, one of the first well‐to‐well reflection images of an oil reservoir was produced. The P and S brute stack reflection images created after wavefield separation tied the sonic logs and exhibited a vertical resolution that was comparable to well log resolution. Both brute stacks demonstrated continuity of several reflectors known to be continuous from log control and also imaged an angular unconformity that was not detected in log correlations or in surface seismic profiling. The brute stacks, particularly the S‐wave reflection image, also exhibited imaging artifacts. We found that multichannel wavefield separation filters that attenuated interfering wavemodes were a critical component in producing high‐resolution reflection images. In this study, the most important elements for an effective wavefield separation were the time‐alignment of seismic arrivals prior to filter application and the implementation of wavefield‐separation filters in multiple domains, particularly in common offset domain. The effectiveness of the multichannel filtering was enhanced through the use of extremely fine wellbore sampling intervals. In this study, 2.5 ft (0.76 m) vertical sampling intervals for both source and receiver were used, whereas most previous crosswell data sets were collected with much coarser sampling intervals, resulting in spatial aliasing and limiting the utility of the data for reflection processing. The wavefield separation techniques employed in this study used data volumes and associated filtering operations that were several orders of magnitude larger than those encountered in conventional VSP data analysis.
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Young, John. "Reflections on sound image design in electroacoustic music." Organised Sound 12, no. 1 (April 2007): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771807001689.
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AbstractThe capacity for electroacoustic music to project and manipulate sonic images is now acknowledged as a cornerstone of the medium's aesthetic potential. The notion of imagery may be used in a range of ways, reflecting electroacoustic music's potential to present sound ‘documents’ re-contextualised from real-world experience, as well as to project more abstract entities in which the concept of an image may give coherent form to fantastical constructs, frequently driven by the transforming and distortive effects of signal processing. This paper investigates the practical application of these distinctions in electroacoustic music, largely through reflective discussion of the author's own working methods, and evaluates ways in which the aesthetic effects of signal processing can influence the nature and construction of sound images. Within this, Denis Smalley's concept of the indicative field is used as a conceptual tool for the characterisation and analysis of the affective dimensions of sound image construction and manipulation.
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Uddin, M. F., H. Mahfuz, S. Zainuddin, and S. Jeelani. "Improving Ballistic Performance of Polyurethane Foam by Nanoparticle Reinforcement." Journal of Nanotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/794740.
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We report improving ballistic performance of polyurethane foam by reinforcing it with nanoscaleTiO2particles. Particles were dispersed through a sonic cavitation process and the loading of particles was 3 wt% of the total polymer. Once foams were reinforced, sandwich panels were made and impacted with fragment simulating projectiles (FSPs) in a 1.5-inch gas gun. Projectile speed was set up to have complete penetration of the target in each experiment. Test results have indicated that sandwich with nanophased cores absorbed about 20% more kinetic energy than their neat counterpart. The corresponding increase in ballistic limit was around 12% over the neat control samples. The penetration phenomenon was also monitored using a high-speed camera. Analyses of digital images showed that FSP remained inside the nanophased sandwich for about 7 microseconds longer than that of a neat sandwich demonstrating improved energy absorption capability of the nanoparticle reinforced core. Failure modes for energy absorption have been investigated through a microscope and high-speed images.
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Amanatiadis, Stamatios, Georgios Karagiannis, and Evdoxios Mimis. "Non-destructive 3D reconstruction of an Hagia Sophia clone mosaic utilizing ultrasonography combined with an accurate motion planning." Technical Annals 1, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ta.32174.
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In the current work the endoscopy and retrieval of mortar covered mosaic patterns, such as the Hagia Sophia ones, is presented. In particular, an appropriate instrumentation is developed combining ultra-sonic tomography and an accurate motion planning. The acquisition of high-response tomographic images is performed utilizing transducers in a linear array through the efficient control of their phase characteristics both in transmit and receive modes. Moreover, an accurate mechanical adaptation is designed in order to move the ultrasonic probe with a con-stant velocity. Then, a sequence of tomographic images is recorded and the 3D endoscopic characteristics of the measured object are extracted via the effective reconstruction of the 3D volume. This device is used on a realistic Hagia Sophia mosaic replica that is covered by a thick mor-tar layer. The evaluated results indicate a complete 3D reconstruction of the hidden mosaic in micrometric resolution, while the inner details of individual tesserae are, also, recovered.
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Azoulay, Ariella. "The Natural History of Rape." Journal of Visual Culture 17, no. 2 (August 2018): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470412918782340.
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This article utilizes photographs taken in Berlin just after the end of World War II to reconstruct the history of mass rape that took place in the city during this period and to argue for this event as foundational to post-war democratic political regimes that inscribed imperialism’s ruling logic within a ‘new world order’. In arguing this point, the author refuses the positivist and evidentiary frameworks through which scholars typically work with photographic images, abjuring an over-emphasis on what is or is not seen within the photographic image, instead focusing on the photograph’s affective and sonic registers, as well as other types of inscriptions in the body of the camera and emissions that require another modality of re/coding. By rereading images historically interpreted as documenting Berlin’s destruction alongside and through textual evidence of the mass rape, this analysis challenges the imperial scopic regime that has classified these images as not being photographs of rape, and connects this act of photographic erasure to the Allies’ post-war efforts to present themselves as saviors, thus legitimizing their continued imperial dominance over the world’s populations.
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RUDI, JØRAN. "Norge – et lydrike, Norway remixed: a sound installation." Organised Sound 8, no. 2 (August 2003): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771803000049.
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This paper describes a large, interactive sound installation that was presented in Oslo during October 2002. The installation, in broad terms, brought the presence of the whole country into the one location through sound, and made the sound available for the public as material to play with or explore in a more structured fashion. The sonic results were streamed to the Internet, together with images from the exterior of the installation. The installation was located at the central train station in an area where thousands of people pass through every day. The curatorial idea was developed by two institutions, as an answer to their missions of providing interesting sonic material and events for the whole country. The idea was given concrete form by three composers, and brought up on a national level through co-arrangement with a large festival of contemporary music. Funding for the installation was provided by both private and public organisations. The installation serves as an example on how a large and complex work of art can be developed through institutional curatorial effort, artistic intentions and activity, and commercial interests. The installation maintained a high degree of artistic integrity while being accessible and attractive for large audiences.
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Peeters, Harry Huiz, Elvira Theola Judith, Ketut Suardita, and Latief Mooduto. "Visualization of bubbles generation of electrical-driven EndoActivator tips during solutions activation in a root canal model and a modified extracted tooth: A pilot study." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 55, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v55.i2.p71-75.
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Background: EndoActivator, a sonically-driven canal irrigation system (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK), has been developed for activating root canal irrigants, and has recently been released onto the market. Purpose: To obtain an initial understanding of bubbles generation of electrical EndoActivator tips during activation of the irrigant in a transparent root canal model and a modified extracted tooth. Methods: A modified extracted tooth and a straight glass model were filled with a solution containing 17% EDTA or 3% NaOCl. A medium activator tip 22-mm polymer noncutting #25, 0.04 file driven by an electrical sonic hand-piece at 190 Hz (highest level) induced pressure waves that produced macro- and micro-bubbles. The physical mechanisms involved were visualized using a Miro 320S high-speed imaging system (Phantom, Wayne, NJ, USA) with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The imaging system acquired images at 25,000 frames per second with 320×x240 pixels per image, and attached a 60-mm f/2.8 macro lens (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan). Results: The end of the tip did not generate bubbles formation. Disruption of surface tension at the air–solution system in the glass canal model by an electrical sonic driven EndoActivator tip generated bubbles in the solution. However, it did not occur at the system of solution–air interfaces in the glass canal and modified extracted tooth. Conclusion: The physical mechanism of the solution activated by an electrical sonic driven EndoActivator tip in generting bubbles formation is because the surface tension at the air–solution system disruption. No bubbles formation occurred in the solution in the restricted space either in the solution-air system or modified extracted tooth. Better understanding of the physical mechanisms that relate specifically to the activation behaviour of EndoActivator tips in solutions is key to improving the cleaning mechanism that applies during root canal treatment.
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Zeroug, Smaine, Bikash K. Sinha, Ting Lei, and John Jeffers. "Rock heterogeneity at the centimeter scale, proxies for interfacial weakness, and rock strength-stress interplay from downhole ultrasonic measurements." GEOPHYSICS 83, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): D83—D95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2017-0049.1.
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Analysis of data acquired with an ultrasonic rotating device lowered inside a vertical well of a highly laminated, kerogen-rich, carbonate source formation reveals centimeter-scale rock heterogeneities. The high-frequency (50–600 kHz) measurement used consists of a pulse-echo modality that yields a high-resolution (millimeter-scale) borehole shape and a pitch-catch modality with one transmitting and two receiving transducers that provide compressional (P) and shear (S) slownesses (depth-versus-azimuth) images estimated from signals propagating in the near-wellbore region as compressional head waves and pseudo-Rayleigh surface waves. The slownesses are compared with their counterparts estimated from a lower-frequency (1–15 kHz) sonic measurement logged in the same well interval. The sonic P and S logs are seen to average the centimeter-scale slowness spatial variation between compliant and stiff laminates at a scale larger than 30 cm (1 ft). This is also accompanied by a reduction in resolution of the slowness contrast, which markedly reduces the spectrum of rock-mechanical property variations that are estimated from the ultrasonic data. Further, ultrasonic images of the P and S slownesses and borehole acoustic caliper reveal a host of features associated with rock geomechanics in the near-wellbore and that inform on a first-order basis the interplay between rock strength and local stress regime, as affected by the lamination. The features include breakouts present in the stiffer limestone layers and their arrest at the intersection with the compliant siltstone layers, as well as azimuthal P and S slowness variations indicative of azimuthal stress concentrations, but without the appearance of breakouts. The ultrasonic borehole shape data also identify compliant thin layers that retract into the formation by amounts that are commensurate with their Young’s modulus, suggesting a proxy for detecting and characterizing thin-layer weakness in situ.
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Caspari, Eva, Andrew Greenwood, Ludovic Baron, Daniel Egli, Enea Toschini, Kaiyan Hu, and Klaus Holliger. "Characteristics of a fracture network surrounding a hydrothermally altered shear zone from geophysical borehole logs." Solid Earth 11, no. 3 (May 7, 2020): 829–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-11-829-2020.
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Abstract. Hydrothermally active and altered fault/shear zones in crystalline rocks are of practical importance because of their potential similarities with petrothermal reservoirs and exploitable natural hydrothermal systems. The petrophysical and hydraulic characterization of such structures is therefore of significant interest. Here, we report the results of corresponding investigations on a prominent shear zone of this type located in the crystalline Aar massif of the central Swiss Alps. A shallow borehole was drilled, which acutely intersects the core of the shear zone and is entirely situated in its surrounding damage zone. The focus of this study is a detailed characterization of this damage zone based on geophysical borehole measurements. For this purpose, a comprehensive suite of borehole logs, comprising passive and active nuclear, full-waveform sonic, resistivity, self-potential, optical televiewer, and borehole radar data, was collected. The migrated images of the borehole radar reflection data together with the optical televiewer data reveal a complicated network of intersecting fractures in the damage zone. Consequently, the associated petrophysical properties, notably the sonic velocities and porosities, are distinctly different from intact granitic formations. Cluster analyses of the borehole logs in combination with the structural interpretations of the optical televiewer data illustrate that the variations in the petrophysical properties are predominantly governed by the intense brittle deformation. The imaged fracture network and the high-porosity zones associated with brittle deformation represent the main flow pathways. This interpretation is consistent with the available geophysical measurements as well as the analyses of the retrieved core material. Furthermore, the interpretation of the self-potential and fluid resistivity log data suggests a compartmentalized hydraulic behavior, as evidenced by inflows of water into the borehole from different sources, which is likely to be governed by the steeply dipping structures.
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Son, Jiwon, Gwanggyu Lee, and Jinho Shin. "Reliability of Noninvasive Sonic Tomography for the Detection of Internal Defects in Old, Large Trees of Abies holophylla Maxim." Forests 12, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12081131.
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Internal decay and cavities in wood are known to reduce the structural functionality of trees. Such damage may lead to detrimental effects not only on the wood, but also on humans. This is especially the case with old, large trees that are more vulnerable to heavy snow and strong wind. Thus, preventative management (e.g., detecting internal wood defects) is essential. The present study investigated the reliability of noninvasive measurements using sonic tomography (SoT) to detect internal defects in Abies holophylla Maxim. trees and compared the results with measurements using the invasive method of resistance microdrilling (RM). The tomograms were visually compared with tree cross-section images. The results of SoT and RM showed no significant differences, while the explanatory power, as determined by a regression analysis, were considerably high at 67% with a positive correlation between the two methods. In comparison to the cross-section images, the tomograms were found to reflect the size and position of internal decay, although the detected size tended to be larger than the actual decay area. Our findings indicate SoT as a promising noninvasive technique for detecting internal defects in A. holophylla trees.
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Mattiello, Fabiano Dalla Lana, Paulo Ricardo Baccarin Matje, Kim Beom Kim, Eduardo Gonçalves Mota, Eustáquio Afonso Araújo, and Eduardo Martinelli De Lima. "Comparison of cleaning methods on debris, surface roughness and static friction of retrieved stainless steel archwires." Revista Odonto Ciência 32, no. 3 (March 23, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2017.3.28230.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the amount of debris, surface roughness and static friction in retrieved stainless steel (SS) archwires after four weeks of intraoral exposure and afterwards compare the effects of different cleaning methods.METHODS: The sample gathered seventeen as-received and eighty-five retrieved SS archwire segments, which were allocated in cleaning method groups (N=17): retrieved (RT); sodiumbicarbonate jet (SB-jet); ultrasonic cleaner (U-sonic); alcohol soaked gauze (A-gauze); and steel wool sponge (S-wool). Debris (SEM images), surface roughness (rugosimeter) and static friction(universal testing machine) were compared between as-received and retrieved SS wires and between cleaning method groups.RESULTS: Debris and surface roughness were statistically higher in RT wires than in as-received (p<0.001), whereas static friction showed no statistical difference (p>0.05). Debris were significantly lower in groups A-gauze and S-wool than in groups RT, SB-jet and U-sonic (p<0.001). Surface roughness was statistically lower in group S-wool compared to other groups (p<0.001). Static friction showed no statistical difference between cleaning methods (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: Retrieved SS archwires showed higher debris and surface roughness than asreceived, after four-weeks intraorally. A-gauze and S-wool were effective cleaning methods to control debris, but only S-wool has reduced surface roughness.
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Cox, Cindy. "Wounds like flowers opening: a discussion of Hysteria for trombone and four-channel tape." Organised Sound 8, no. 1 (April 2003): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771803001092.
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In this paper I discuss Hysteria, a work for trombone and four-channel tape. Abbie Conant, an internationally reco gnised trombonist, commissioned and performed Hysteria as part of her ‘Wired Goddess’ project. I chose five lines of poetry from John Campion's Tongue Stones: ‘matter/mater/meter/muthos’, ‘bowl of regeneration/quickener of wombs’, ‘follow the mysteries of your feet’, ‘Let dark ages be crucibles’ and ‘wounds like flowers opening’. With this text I created an implex of sonic images relating the body, fertility, menses and violence. The first line is particularly important and shapes the first two-thirds of the piece. The musical material complements the text and uses periodicity to suggest the body's heartbeat and breath. The heartbeat serves as a cantus firmus, occurring every five seconds, and pedal tones form the primary material for the trombone part and connect to the idea of breath. The punctuating gunshots occurring in the first half imply violence, and the dark red lighting suggests blood. The tape and trombone intertwine in a sonic world evoking the womb and regeneration. The four-channel tape heightens the sense of immersion that connected to the piece's resonance and dream-like atmosphere. The web of these associations constitutes an artistic reflection on the sensibility and experience of the feminine in a patriarchal society.
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Mancini, Manuele, Giovanni Cianconi, Rossella Bedini, Raffaella Pecci, Luigi Cianconi, and Guido Pasquantonio. "Removal of Accumulated Hard Tissue Debris (AHTD) from Root Canals with an Electric Current Device: A MicroCT Preliminary Report." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041969.
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In modern endodontics, removal of accumulated hard tissue debris (AHTD) from root canals is requested. In the last decade, different irrigating solutions and activation methods have been successfully tested. Sonic activation has been shown to be effective in the removal of AHTD. Electric current has been tested before in restorative dentistry, but not in endodontics. An experimental electric current delivering device was compared in the removal of AHTD, using microCT analyses. Fifteen single-rooted teeth were shaped with TruNatomy system endodontic files and divided into three groups: negative control group: specimens underwent no activation; EA group: specimens were activated with EndoActivator (EA); EB group: specimens were activated with ElectroBond (EB). The 2D images, 3D images and morphometric analysis from the microCT showed a statistically significant increased AHTD removal when EB was used. Results of the present preliminary study showed that the irrigant activation with ElectroBond is encouraging when compared to EndoActivator along the entire root canal system. The AHTD was significantly statistically reduced, validating the clinical use of electric fields in endodontics.
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Desa, Mohd Faizal Mat, Muhammad Naufal Mansor, Ahmad Kadri Junoh, Amran Ahmed, Wan Suhana Wan Daud, and Azrini Idris. "Ultrasonic Sonic Imaging for a Two Phase System Based on Support Vector Machine Classifier." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.273.
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Multiphase flow characterization is an important task for monitoring, measuring or controlling industrial processes. This can be done by means of process tomography. The use of tomographic techniques has been used within the oil industry. One of the potential applications is flow visualization and measurement in producing wells. Research on industrial process tomography consists in obtaining estimated images of a cross section of a pipe or vessel containing or carrying the substances of the process. One category of process tomography is ultrasonic tomography technique. A simple tomography can be built by mounting a number of sensors around the circumference of a horizontal pipe. This includes acquiring and processing ultrasonic signals from the transducers to obtain the information of the spatial distributions of liquid and gas in an experimental column. Analysis on the transducers’ signals will be carrying out to distinguish between the observation time and the Lamb waves. The information obtained from the observation time is useful for further development of the image reconstruction. To obtain the time easily, the time will be calculated from the starting pulse of transmitter signal until the starting peak of receiver signal. Finally Support Vector Machine (SVM) was employed to distinguish of each phase between water and gas.
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Beydoun, W. B., J. Delvaux, M. Mendes, G. Noual, and A. Tarantola. "Practical aspects of an elastic migration/inversion of crosshole data for reservoir characterization: A Paris basin example." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 12 (December 1989): 1587–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442626.
Full textAbstract:
The main obstacle for a detailed study of a reservoir is the lack of geophysical and petrophysical information between producing wells. Crosshole seismic data can aid reservoir geologists and engineers in (1) estimating the volume of oil in place, (2) mapping permeability/porosity barriers, and ultimately (3) monitoring and designing enhanced off‐recovery experiments. Due to their high‐frequency content, crosshole seismic data offer an ideal information link between conventional seismic data (surface reflection, VSPs, etc.) and full‐waveform sonic acoustic logs. Using a weightdrop downhole source located at one depth level, acoustic and multicomponent data at two different wells were collected in the Paris basin with interwell distances of about 100 m. The target zone includes three sand reservoir levels between depths of 575 and 600 m. A 2‐D elastic migration/inversion (M/I) of the scattered S‐S and S‐P crosshole field data produced high‐resolution S‐wave velocity and density depth images of the subsurface, extending information away from wells and identifying reservoirs. The residual energy reduction between synthetic seismograms derived from M/I images and field data is 18 percent, confirming that images contain elastic information. Structural dips obtained are very reasonable, the observed vertical spatial resolution being of the order of 3 m. We believe that this is the first time that such techniques have been applied to crosshole data. Elastic M/I images are generally better than elastic VSP‐CDP and migration images and have the advantage of producing global quality measures of images. Such a technique uses as input a background velocity, e.g., a tomogram obtained by traveltime tomography, and complements the background by recovering subsurface discontinuities and changes in elastic parameters within the signal bandwidth.
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Park, Seong Yeon, Mo Kwan Kang, Hae Won Choi, and Won-Jun Shon. "Comparative Analysis of Root Canal Filling Debris and Smear Layer Removal Efficacy Using Various Root Canal Activation Systems during Endodontic Retreatment." Medicina 56, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56110615.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objectives: The complete removal of obturation material can be a challenge in nonsurgical root canal retreatment. The insufficient removal of obturation material is a reason for root canal retreatment failure. Materials and Methods: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of different final root canal irrigation activation methods in removing debris and smear layers in the apical and middle portions of root canals during retreatment. Sixty-six distal roots of freshly extracted molars were randomly divided into six groups: (1) primary root canal treatment with no obturation (negative control); (2) retreatment with only conventional instrumentation and irrigation (positive control); (3) retreatment with additional ultrasonic irrigation using the Piezon Master 700; (4) ultrasonic irrigation with the ENDOSONIC Blue; (5) sonic irrigation with the EDDY; and (6) multisonic irrigation with the GentleWave system. Roots were split and prepared for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluation. Acquired images were assessed to quantify the amount of debris and smear remaining. Results: Among the treatment groups, Group 6 had a significantly lower debris score than Group 2 (positive control) in both the middle and apical regions (p = 0.004, p = 0.012). All treatment groups showed significantly lower smear scores than Group 2 in the middle and apical regions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The GentleWave multisonic System showed a more optimal cleaning efficacy of the root canal debris but did not differ significantly with the tested passive ultrasonic or sonic irrigation method.