Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sonic images

Academic literature on the topic 'Sonic images'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Sonic images"

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Godøy, Rolf Inge. "Images of Sonic Objects." Organised Sound 15, no. 01 (March 11, 2010): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771809990264.

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Higgins, HannahB. "Sonic Images of the Coronavirus." Critical Inquiry 47, S2 (January 1, 2021): S128—S131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/711456.

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Hornby, Brian E., William F. Murphy, Hsui‐Lin Liu, and Kai Hsu. "Reservoir sonics: A North Sea case study." GEOPHYSICS 57, no. 1 (January 1992): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443178.

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Full waveform sonic data, acquired in a borehole penetrating a North Sea reservoir, were used to explore new techniques for analysis and interpretation of sonic data. Analysis of direct sonic arrivals included correlations with core‐derived permeability, inversion for compressional and shear velocities, and interpretation of compressional and shear velocities in terms of formation parameters. The velocities are found to be sensitive indicators of lithology and water saturation. In addition to the standard processing for compressional and shear velocities, inversion of sonic traveltimes resulted in a compressional wave‐velocity log with a 0.15 m vertical resolution. Using a process similar to prestack seismic migration, reflected sonic arrivals were used to form images of bedding features to a distance of 12 m from the borehole. The well intersects a region of strong normal faulting. Locations of high angle features and strong dip changes on the sonic‐derived images were consistent with the locations of faults indicated on the dipmeter‐derived structural cross‐sections.
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Iwata, Koji, Yusuke Abiko, Akinari Hirao, and Nobutoshi Yamazaki. "Measurement of Lumbar Curve using Ultra Sonic Images." Japanese journal of ergonomics 33, Supplement (1997): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.33.supplement_192.

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Ramnarine, Tina K. "SONIC IMAGES OF THE SACRED IN SÁMI CINEMA." Interventions 15, no. 2 (June 2013): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369801x.2013.798474.

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Pérez-Alfayate, Ruth, Juan Algar-Pinilla, Montse Mercade, and Federico Foschi. "Sonic Activation Improves Bioceramic Sealer’s Penetration into the Tubular Dentin of Curved Root Canals: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Investigation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 3902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093902.

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Background—The aim was to determine the influence of sonic activation in the tubular dentine penetration of bioceramic sealers. Methods—Forty mesiobuccal curved root canals of mandibular molars with an apical diameter smaller than #30 were prepared, divided into two groups, and filled with EndoSequence BC sealer, with or without sonic activation during its placement. Roots were sectioned at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the apex, producing a sample size of 120. The samples were evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope and comparing these images to the images obtained from an operatory microscope. The percentage of sealer penetration and maximum sealer penetration were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using the two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test, where statistical significance was set to p < 0.05. Results—Sonic activation showed higher values for the percentage of sealer penetration when compared at the 9 mm level (p = 0.03). A higher value of maximum sealer penetration was observed at all levels when the sealer was activated. Conclusions—The sonic activation of bioceramic cement resulted in higher sealer penetration into dentinal tubules.
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Blyth, Matthew, Naoki Sakiyama, Hiroshi Hori, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakajima, Syed Muhammad Fahim Ud Din, Adam Haecker, and Mark G. Kittridge. "Revealing Hidden Information: High-Resolution Logging-While-Drilling Slowness Measurements and Imaging Using Advanced Dual Ultrasonic Technology." Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 62, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv62n1-2021a6.

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A new logging-while-drilling (LWD) acoustic tool has been developed with novel ultrasonic pitch-catch and pulse-echo technologies. The tool enables both high-resolution slowness and reflectivity images, which cannot be addressed with conventional acoustic logging. Measuring formation elastic-wave properties in complex, finely layered formations is routinely attempted with sonic tools that measure slowness over a receiver array with a length of 2 ft or more depending upon the tool design. These apertures lead to processing results with similar vertical resolutions, obscuring the true slowness of any layering occurring at a finer scale. If any of these layers present significantly different elastic-wave properties than the surrounding rock, then they can play a major role in both wellbore stability and hydraulic fracturing but can be absent from geomechanical models built on routine sonic measurements. Conventional sonic tools operate in the 0.1- to 20-kHz frequency range and can deliver slowness information with approximately 1 ft or more depth of investigation. This is sufficient to investigate the far-field slowness values but makes it very challenging to evaluate the near-wellbore region where tectonic stress redistribution causes pronounced azimuthal slowness variation. This stress-induced slowness variation is important because it is also a key driver of wellbore geomechanics. Moreover, in the presence of highly laminated formations, there can be a significant azimuthal variation of slowness due to layering that is often beyond the resolution of conventional sonic tools due to their operating frequency. Finally, in horizontal wells, multiple layer slownesses are being measured simultaneously because of the depth of investigation of conventional sonic tools. This can cause significant interpretational challenges. To address these challenges, an entirely new design approach was needed. The novel pitch-catch technology operates over a wide frequency range centered at 250 kHz and contains an array of receivers having a 2-in. receiver aperture. The use of dual ultrasonic technology allows the measurement of high-resolution slowness data azimuthally as well as reflectivity and caliper images. The new LWD tool was run in both vertical and horizontal wells and directly compared with both wireline sonic and imaging tools. The inch-scale slownesses obtained show characteristic features that clearly correlate to the formation lithology and structure indicated by the images. These features are completely absent from the conventional sonic data due to its comparatively lower vertical resolution. Slowness images from the tool reflect the formation elastic-wave properties at a fine scale and show dips and lithological variations that are complementary to the data from the pulse-echo images. The physics of the measurement are discussed, along with its ability to measure near-wellbore slowness, elastic-wave properties, and stress variations. Additionally, the effect of the stress-induced, near-wellbore features seen in the slowness images and the pulse-echo images is discussed with the wireline dipole shear anisotropy processing.
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Bennett, Nicholas N. "3D slowness time coherence for sonic imaging." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): D179—D189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0077.1.

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Although sonic imaging can provide higher resolution images of the near-wellbore region than lower frequency seismic and borehole seismic measurements, many challenges confront its more widespread use. The traditional sonic imaging workflow of first filtering the borehole modes and then migrating the underlying reflected arrival events ignores a critical interpretation step, namely, characterizing these reflected arrivals in terms of their azimuths, raypath types, and other attributes. Furthermore, using sonic imaging results in subsequent modeling and simulation workflows requires determining the 3D coordinates or at least the true dip and azimuth of these near-wellbore reflectors, and feature extraction from noisy 2D sonic imaging migration images cannot provide either of these. To address these interpretation challenges and develop a means of mapping these reflectors without requiring a migration, a central issue that arises is whether we can determine the slowness and propagation direction of a reflected wavefield using a standard array of receiver sensors mounted around the circumference of a tool sonde. To accomplish this task, we have developed 3D slowness time coherence (STC). We combine an automated time pick with a ray-tracing procedure and our 3D STC processing to evaluate the many candidate arrival events that may be present in the filtered waveform measurements, which leads to a 3D map of the reflectors that can be readily integrated into digital models of the surrounding subsurface as well as logs of reflector true dip and azimuth that can be compared with similar logs produced from borehole images.
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Shah, Bhavik J., D. C. Tewari, Sujoy Mondal, Anup Kumar Anand, Arpit Buddhiwant, and Jitendra S. Sangwai. "Estimation of uncertainty in sonic porosity using microcomputerized tomography images." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 125 (January 2015): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2014.10.020.

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Pearson, Lara. "Gesture and the Sonic Event in Karnatak Music." Empirical Musicology Review 8, no. 1 (October 24, 2013): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/emr.v8i1.3918.

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This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between gesture and music in the context of a Karnatak vocal lesson recorded in Tamil Nadu, South India in September 2011. The study aims to examine instances of correspondence between gesture and sonic event that occur during the lesson. Through this analysis the paper aims to contribute to the wider debate on the factors that determine gesture. Shape and trajectory are used in this study as means of describing and comparing gestures. The teacher&rsquo;s hand movements are tracked and traced rendering the gestures as static shapes in still images, and developing lines in moving images. The correspondences found between gestures and sonic features are discussed in relation to the physical movement required to produce the music. In addition, the circumstances in which correspondence is not found are analyzed and the extent to which the dynamic form of gesture is also influenced by the phrase as a whole is emphasized.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sonic images"

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Swetzoff, Martha W. (Martha Watriss). "Sonic images and visual poetics : exploring a methodology for sound and image relationships." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70169.

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Thesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.
Title of videocassette: Tales of love and glory. Videocassette is VHS format.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-116).
by Martha W. Swetzoff.
M.S.V.S.
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Bird, D. J. "From hyperreal sonic-images to phonographic sound : a portfolio of original compositions." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678699.

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Bird, Stephen. "Composing with images : A portfolio of audiovisual works exploring the compositional potential of associative sonic, visual and intellectual imagery." Thesis, Keele University, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535808.

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Albornoz, Stein Marília Raquel. "Sounds and images in the construction of the person Mbyà-Guaraní in South Brazil." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/79155.

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El mundo sonoro de los mbyà-guaraní es una dimensión clave de su existencia, así como lo son los niños, quienes a través de su presencia y sus mboraí (cantos y danzas), ocupan un lugar central en el porãoguatá (caminar sagrado guaraní, hacia la perfección). en este artículo se describen datos etnográficos acerca de los procesos y tratamientos corporales y de las teorías de las prácticas visuales y sonoro-performáticas presentes en la forma de ser / vivir mbyà, sobre la base de una investigación entomusicológica entre colectivos mbyà en el sur de Brasil. A partir de estas descripciones se propone la interpretación de un dominio «cosmo-sónico» de la ontología y de la epistemología de este pueblo amerindio, es decir, que la construcción de la persona mbyà y la construcción del conocimiento están estrechamente vinculados con procesos sonoros, así como con performances imagéticas, cinéticas y materiales que fortalecen la escucha y la resonancia del ser.
The mbyà-Guarani sound world is an important dimension of theirexistence as well as their children are, through their presence and their songs, which occupy a central place in the oguatá porã (Guarani sacred walk towards perfection). In this paper, I present ethnographic data on body processes and treatments as well as theories of visual and sound-performative practices that are part of the mbyà way of being / living. the paper is, based on an ethnomusicological research among mbyà groups in southern Brazil. From ethnographic descriptions an interpretation is built: a «cosmo-sonic» domain of ontology and epistemology of this Amerindian people, that is to say, that the construction of the mbyà person— and the construction of knowledge are closely linked with sound processes, as well as to imagery, kinetic and material performances, that strengthen the listening and the resonance of the being.
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Linscott, Charles P. "Sonic Overlook: Blackness between Sound and Image." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1438950059.

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Haynes, Simon Dominic. "Reconfigurable architectures for video image processing." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322797.

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Adolphe, Christelle Marie. "The effects of sonic, desert and Indian hedgehog signalling in skin /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17546.pdf.

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Malmgren, Christer. "Musikalisk gestaltning av en ”image” : - En fallstudie i design av narrativ mediemusik -." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Ljud- och musikproduktion, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-19298.

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Studien ligger inom ramen för Ljud- och musikproduktion och bygger på ett case där en varumärkesmelodi/ musiklogotype till ett musikgymnasium ska designas. Syftet med studien är att utforska hur en image kan gestaltas musikaliskt och däri bättre förstå hur forskning genom design och användarmedverkan - påverkar och bidrar till processen inom design av narrativ mediemusik. Studien har ämnat svara på den övergripande frågeställningen: Hur kan komposition av narrativ musik beskrivas och genomföras som en designprocess? Forskningsfrågan innefattar även subfrågorna: Hur bidrar användarmedverkan till arbetsprocess vid design av narrativ mediemusik? Hur bidrar gruppsammansättning, själva processen och processverktygen till ett musikaliskt relevant resultat? Med formuleringen "ett musikaliskt relevant resultat" avses i studiens kontext en musikalisk prototyp/slutprodukt som har potential att kunna uttrycka känslor och värderingar som kan överensstämma med varumärkets (skolans) image och formulerade värderubriker. Kärnan i arbetet ligger inom fälten forskning genom design och användarmedverkan, där deltagarna under arbetsprocessens gång kontinuerligt och i flera processteg bidragit genom diskussioner, reaktioner, resonemang och konkreta förslag. Studien visar att designarbete inom narrativ mediamusik tillsammans med representanter för användarna/ målgruppen kan generera fler idéer om aspekter specifika för arbete med design av narrativ mediemusik samt bidra till större förståelse för aktuella kontexter (målgrupps-relaterade och process-relaterade kontexter såväl som musikaliska och genre-relaterade kontexter), än om designern arbetar ensam. Av vikt är att under designprocessen ta fram flera versioner av prototyperna, att göra olika instrumenteringar och interpretationer av det musikaliska materialet, där ett av målen med prototyperna är att designer stegvis lär sig vad som fungerar - vad som skapar en klingande mening i den aktuella målrelaterade kontexten - och ett sätt att kommunicera den här kunskapen är att designa och pröva flera olika prototyper i klingade form.
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Ploeger, Daniël. "Sonified freaks and sounding prostheses : sonic representation of bodies in performance art." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/43348/.

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This study is concerned with the role of sound in the presentation and representation of bodies in performance art that incorporates digital technologies. It consists of a written thesis accompanied by a portfolio with documentation of original artwork. Since the 1960s, performance artists have explored the use of sensor technologies to register signals generated by the body and synthesize or control sound. However, both practical and theoretical approaches to biosignal sonification in this field have almost entirely focused on musical (formalist) perspectives, technological innovation, or heightening the performer's and spectator's awareness of their body's physiology. Little attention has been paid to the usually conspicuous interaction between body and technological equipment and the role of the generated sound in the context of cultural critical debates regarding the performing body. The present study responds to this observation in two ways: Firstly, the written part of the study examines existing biosignal performance practices. It seeks to demonstrate that artists' decisions on the design of sensor technology and sound synthesis or manipulation methods are often complicit in the representation of normative body types and behaviour. Drawing from a concept of the sonified body as a transgressive or ‘freak' body, three critical perspectives on biosignal sonification in digital performance are proposed: A reading of body sonification methods from a gender-critical perspective, an inquiry in the context of Mikhail Bakhtin's concepts of the grotesque and the classical body, and a conceptualization of the sonified body as a posthuman prosthetisized body. This part of the study serves as a framework for its second objective: the development of practical performance strategies to address and challenge cultural conventions concerning ‘the' body's form and role in society. This aspect of the thesis is developed in conjunction with, and further explored in, the artwork documented in the portfolio. The practical part of the study consists of three digital performance works. ELECTRODE (2011) involves an anal electrode that registers the activity of my sphincter muscle and uses this data to synthesize sound. For this work, I modified a commercially available muscle tension sensor device designed for people with faecal incontinence problems. Feedback (2010) encompasses components of a commercially available fetal Doppler sensor intended to listen to the heartbeat of unborn babies. SUIT (2009-2010) encompasses several performances that feature a PVC overall equipped with a loudspeaker, sensor interface and Doppler and humidity sensors.
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Udy, Sandra. "Assessing Amendment Treatments for Sodic Soil Reclamation in Arid Land Environments." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7670.

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Plugged and abandoned well pads throughout the Uintah Basin face reclamation challenges due to factors including a harsh climate, invasive species, and high salt loads. Finding ways to alleviate soil sodicity could improve soil reclamation success. Gypsum, sulfur, activated carbon, and Biochar are being applied to improve soil parameters negatively impacted by sodicity, but the direct impact of these amendments on Uintah Basin soils is still largely unknown. The aim of this study was two-fold. (1) Evaluate the effectiveness of gypsum, sulfuric acid, Biochar, activated carbon, and combinations of these amendments in reducing the impact of soil sodicity of the Desilt and Conglomerate soils by measuring amendment impact on percent dispersion, saturated hydraulic conductivity, crust bulk density, infiltration, and crust formation. (2) Compare a crust bulk density method using ImageJ to the clod wax density method and a modified linear extensibility percent equation to the linear extensibility percent equation to assess whether the novel methods can be used to accurately measure and calculate soil crust bulk density and shrink swell potential while reducing human error and analysis time.
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Books on the topic "Sonic images"

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coloring, zhr. Sonic: Sonic Coloring Book with Exclusive Images. Independently Published, 2021.

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ALVAR, S. P. T. Sonic Coloring Book: Sonic 2020 Coloring Book with Perfect Unofficial Images. Independently Published, 2020.

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maro. Sonic Coloring Book : Sonic Coloring Book: Sonic Coloring Book with Exclusive Unofficial Images for All Fans. Independently Published, 2021.

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morka. Sonic Coloring Book : Sonic Coloring Book: Sonic Coloring Book with Exclusive Unofficial Images for All Fans. Independently Published, 2021.

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Pasu, Levon Levon. Sonic Coloring Book: 30 Coloring Pages of Sonic Characters with Exclusive Unofficial Images for Sonic Fans. Independently Published, 2021.

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Newton, Alfred. Sonic Colouring Book: Sonic Colouring Book with Exclusive Unofficial Images for All Fans. Independently Published, 2020.

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Newton, Alfred. Sonic Coloring Book: Sonic Coloring Book with Exclusive Unofficial Images for All Fans. Independently Published, 2020.

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jl, soufiane. Sonic Coloring Book: Sonic Coloring Book with Exclusive Unofficial Images for All Fans. Independently Published, 2021.

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Sonic Coloring Book for Kids: Sonic Coloring Book with Exclusive Unofficial Images for Fans. Independently Published, 2020.

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S. U. N. Ball PRESS. SONIC the Hedgehog Jumbo Coloring Book for Kids: 100+ Quality Images Sonic and Friends. Independently Published, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sonic images"

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Weiqing, Zhu, Xu Wen, and Zhang Hailan. "A Study on the Transform Coding of Underwater Sonic Images." In Acoustical Imaging, 753–59. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2958-3_102.

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Perner, Petra. "CBR-Based Ultra Sonic Image Interpretation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 479–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44527-7_41.

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Forcucci, Luca. "Sonic Imagination: Body, Visual Mental Imagery, and Nomadism." In Sounds from Within: Phenomenology and Practice, 197–248. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72507-5_9.

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Nithiyaraj Munuswamy and Raghuraman N. Govardhan. "Particle Image Velocimetry Study of Sonic Jet Injected into Supersonic Crossflow." In Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power – Contemporary Research, 177–84. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2743-4_18.

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de Souza, Felipe Rafael, Thiago Silva Miranda, and Heder Soares Bernardino. "A Reward Function Using Image Processing for a Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach Applied to the Sonic the Hedgehog Game." In Intelligent Systems, 181–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21689-3_14.

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"Sounds and images of nostalgia." In Sonic ethnography. Manchester University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526151988.00011.

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Nardelli, Matilde. "(Quietly) Noisy Images: Sonic Landscapes, Audiotape and ‘the New Musicality’." In Antonioni and the Aesthetics of Impurity, 93–124. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474444040.003.0004.

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This chapter explores the relation between sound and image in Antonioni’s films of the 1960s. It considers how the ostensibly quieter films of the 1960s – in which dialogue becomes sparser and from which extra-diegetic musical soundtrack is all but eliminated – have crucial affinity with contemporaneous transformations in music itself, where the diffusion of new mass media technologies such as audiotape and television, acted as powerful catalysts for experimentation with noise and attention to soundscape. In particular, I trace here a connection with the experimental practices of John Cage, musique concrète, and composers including Luciano Berio, Bruno Maderna and Luigi Nono associated with RAI Studio di fonologia musicale.
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"3 (Quietly) Noisy Images: Sonic Landscapes, Audiotape and ‘the New Musicality’." In Antonioni and the Aesthetics of Impurity, 93–124. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781474444064-006.

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Nail, Thomas. "The Generative Image." In Theory of the Image, 337–60. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190924034.003.0017.

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simply valorize the digital or even the generative The generative arts have invented a new artistic pedesis and laid the ground for a new materialist aesthetics of the image. The chapter discusses the various forms that the generative arts have taken, including the ordered and disordered. In particular, disordered forms of contemporary images discussed here are the visual arts, literary, plastic, and sonic forms. The argument is not that the generative arts are the only or best forms of art. Their function has been to blaze a trail that shows us what all the arts have already been doing, to one degree or another. The challenge now is to unfold the consequences of this discovery in the arts, to draw our attention to what the contemporary image shows us about the image more generally and what it is capable of today.
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Bonini Baraldi, Filippo. "Toward an anthropological approach to musical empathy." In Roma Music and Emotion, translated by Margaret Rigaut, 263–88. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190096786.003.0015.

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This chapter proposes an anthropological approach to musical empathy, relying on Alfred Gell’s notion of agency. It is claimed that: (1) musical emotions are best approached as empathetic phenomena, as opposed to cognitive acts involving the decoding of a message; (2) it is possible to distinguish between different types of musical empathy, depending on the type of agency relationship: “empathy with the musical being,” “empathy with the artist,” “empathy with musical memory-images,” and “intersubjective musical empathy”; (3) the representation of a network of agency can reveal the role played by the performance context in the emotions attributed to music; (4) The notion of agency makes it possible to consider “personal” tunes as “distributed persons,” as opposed to signs of persons; (5) the highly ornamented de jale (“sorrowful”) tunes can be seen as “sonic agents,” or “sonic beings” arousing in the listeners feelings of attachment, rapture, and loss.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sonic images"

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Alqatari, Hala, Thierry-Laurent Tonellot, and Mohammed Mubarak. "Near-Borehole Imaging Using Full-Waveform Sonic Data." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204765-ms.

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Abstract This work presents a full waveform sonic (FWS) dataset processing to generate high-resolution images of the near-borehole area. The dataset was acquired in a nearly horizontal well over a distance of 5400 feet. Multiple formation boundaries can be identified on the final image and tracked at up to 200 feet deep, along the wellbore's trajectory. We first present a new preprocessing sequence to prepare the sonic data for imaging. This sequence leverages denoising algorithms used in conventional surface seismic data processing to remove unwanted components of the recorded data that could harm the imaging results. We then apply a reverse time migration algorithm to the data at different processing stages to assess the impact of the main processing steps on the final image.
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Sakiyama, Naoki, Matthew Blyth, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Mizuki Sagara, Sarwa Tan, Chandramani Shrivastava, Evgeniya Deger, Hiroshi Nakajima, Andrew Barry, and Mark G. Kittridge. "Defining Formation Complexity and Anisotropy With Logging-While-Drilling Dual Ultrasonic Images." In 2022 SPWLA 63rd Annual Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2022-0100.

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A new logging-while-drilling (LWD) dual ultrasonic tool enables the measurement of high-resolution, full-azimuth, ultrasonic pitch-catch compressional and shear (P&S) slownesses, in addition to high-definition pulse-echo images (Blyth et al. 2020). The tool provides a unique capability for near-wellbore rock mechanical property assessment compared to conventional wireline (WL) sonic measurements that have a relatively deeper depth-of-investigation (DOI). This time, P&S slownesses acquired with the ultrasonic pitch-catch method are benchmarked against those acquired with WL sonic tools using field data in order to reveal the applications of the new LWD dual ultrasonic tool. To classify the cases where ultrasonic pitch-catch and sonic slownesses are expected to match or to be different, we leverage the unique features of the data acquired with the new LWD dual ultrasonic tool. This classification uses azimuthal variation of ultrasonic P&S slowness, fractures identified with high-definition pulse-echo images, and calipers. In situations where the formations do not have significant radial slowness variation, within the DOI of sonic tools, the studied field data suggests that ultrasonic pitch-catch P slowness matches WL P slowness to within 1 μs/ft. In the same situations, ultrasonic S slowness measurements within 5 μs/ft from WL S slowness are feasible. Correction of the apparent S slowness for the effect of the pseudo-Rayleigh mode contamination is needed in some situations and not in others, depending on the job conditions. The above benchmark includes formations with intrinsic anisotropy in a horizontal well. Thus, ultrasonic pitch-catch measurements are useful for defining shear anisotropy in the studied case. The current study suggests that the P&S slownesses from the dual ultrasonic tool can be used for applications that require conventional slowness information under the conditions where both measurements can be expected to be the same. When the complexity of the formation makes ultrasonic and sonic slownesses different, due to their different measurement physics, then the tool has unique applications that are not available with conventional sonic tools. Examples of such cases are in azimuthally heterogeneous formations, formations with stress-induced anisotropy, and damaged formations. In the case of azimuthally heterogeneous formations, the existing P&S answers from WL sonic tools do not necessarily have enough information because their measurement principle averages out certain azimuthal information. The dual ultrasonic tool enables a better understanding of these complex cases, using the azimuthal variation of the high-resolution ultrasonic pitch-catch P&S slowness and high-definition ultrasonic pulse-echo images.
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C. Prioul, Romain, Jeroen Jocker, Austin Boyd, and William H. Borland and Claude Signer. "Integration of borehole images and shear sonic anisotropy for quantitative fracture evaluation." In GEO 2008. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.246.296.

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Cui, Ziyue, Shengli Xi, Zhanrong Ma, Gang Wang, Ning Fu, Gaohong Yu, Lei Zhao, et al. "Understand the Unconventional Reservoir Heterogeneity via Far-Field Sonic Imaging and Chemical Tracer Evaluations: A Case Study from Wulalike Shale Gas Exploration in Ordos Basin." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210621-ms.

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Abstract One of the most challenging aspects of unconventional reservoirs is their heterogeneity. Natural fissures, faults, or laminations, which are the main causes for the heterogeneity, are either measured only on the wellbore or not measured at all. In our recent work on a Wulalike shale gas exploration well, we visualized the heterogeneity with three-dimensional far-field sonic imaging technology during logging, and we evaluated the uneven production profile in the horizontal laterals with chemical tracer during production test. The result of the two methods is highly consistent, which indicated the far-field sonic imaging technology is an effective way to understand reservoir heterogeneity, particularly for unconventional resources. High-resolution image logging and three-dimensional far-field sonic imaging technology were introduced to a newly drilled horizontal well in Wulalike Shale gas. Multilevel multi-azimuthal acoustic waveforms were acquired with long enough record length to capture the reflections from the mentioned microscopic features. The innovative ray tracing inversion and three-dimensional slowness-time coherence (3D STC) methods were utilized on the filtered waveform to quantitatively determine the true dip and azimuth as well as the distance of the features from the wellbore. And as a result, only four depth intervals were identified by 3D far-field sonic where fractures extended away from the wellbore to far field. The distance of the fractures from the wellbore was in a range of 8 to 28 m. Chemical tracers were deployed during the fracturing and completion phase to evaluate the new findings from the logging. The uneven production profile from the chemical tracer indicated that 4 out of the 17 stages were the major contributors for more than half of the gas production. Each lateral for those four stages were accompanied with the observation of fissure or lamination signature from the far-field sonic images and resistivity image logging data. This showed that this sonic imaging technology was effective to link the reservoir heterogeneity to its production, making it a valuable tool for the future unconventional reservoir evaluations.
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A. Gonçalves, Carlos, Marco Sanguinetti, and J. C. Glorioso. "Fractured Reservoir Characterization Using Borehole Eletrical Images And Dipole Sonic Data:A Bolivian Case." In 6th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.215.sbgf279.

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Tinkey, Yajai, and Larry D. Olson. "Turning Crosshole Sonic Logs into Tomography Images of Defects in Drilled Shaft Foundations." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2008. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2963326.

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Tinkey, Yajai, Ph D. Olsen, and Larry D. Olson. "Turning Crosshole Sonic Logs Into Tomography Images Of Defects In Drilled Shaft Foundations." In 21st EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.177.167.

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Yamamoto, H., M. Blyth, N. Sakiyama, C. Shrivastava, M. Sagara, and A. Barry. "Geomechanical Feature Classification with a New Logging-While-Drilling Dual Ultrasonic Tool." In International Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/igs-2022-172.

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Abstract Effective geomechanical analysis requires a thorough understanding of the complexities of the formations drilled, such as stress-induced anisotropy, intrinsic anisotropy, azimuthal heterogeneity, drilling induced and natural fractures, and/or borehole damage. The identification and classification of these features can be complex, particularly when multiple different types are present together. The conventional sonic tools can struggle to differentiate these effects when more than one is present and often are lacking in the capability needed to clearly resolve them mainly because of the limited spatial resolution associated with the probing sonic frequencies. A new logging-while-drilling (LWD) dual ultrasonic tool has been developed, that provides high-resolution, full-azimuth, ultrasonic compressional and shear (P&S) slowness images together with ultrasonic borehole images and caliper that can be used to help address this formation complexity on multiple scales and so to improve geomechanical models and analysis. In this paper, we study feasibility of classifying formation geomechanical features, such as intrinsic anisotropy, stress-induced anisotropy, and azimuthal heterogeneity, using the ultrasonic P&S slowness from the LWD dual ultrasonic tool, and discuss conditions when such classification is expected to be successful and when more integrated approach is needed to address complexity of formations. Introduction Understanding the complexity of formation mechanical properties is very important for effective geomechanical analysis, such as the optimal design of hydraulic fracturing or wellbore stability analysis for safe and cost-effective drilling. Conventionally, standard sonic logging has been used to provide key acoustics measurements to characterize the formation mechanical properties axially, azimuthally, and radially (Pistre et al., 2005). These measurements are made at sonic frequencies, which results in an intrinsic limitation for resolving layers smaller than 1-ft thickness, because of the probing wavelength at these operating frequencies. A recently developed LWD dual ultrasonic tool demonstrated the ability to deliver P&S slowness measurements and images that resolve inch-scale bedding (Blyth et al., 2021). The P&S slownesses measured at ultrasonic frequencies deliver measurements with 2-in vertical resolution and in 16 azimuthal sectors around the wellbore. The tool also provides borehole images and calipers with ultrasonic pulse-echo measurements. P&S images from the field test data showed evidence that both intrinsic and stress-induced anisotropy can be revealed using LWD dual ultrasonic data at a similar fine resolution scale.
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Konwar, Debashis, Abhinab Das, Chandreyi Chatterjee, Fawz Naim, Chandni Mishra, and Sourav Das. "Integration of Advanced Borehole Sonic and Resistivity Image Analysis for Fracture and Stress Characterisation - Implications to Carbon Sequestration Feasibility." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204696-ms.

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Abstract Borehole resistivity images and dipole sonic data analysis helps a great deal to identify fractured zones and obtain reasonable estimates of the in-situ stress conditions of geologic formations. Especially when assessing geologic formations for carbon sequestration feasibility, borehole resistivity image and borehole sonic assisted analysis provides answers on presence of fractured zones and stress-state of these fractures. While in deeper formations open fractures would favour carbon storage, in shallower formations, on the other hand, storage integrity would be potentially compromised if these fractures get reactivated, thereby causing induced seismicity due to fluid injection. This paper discusses a methodology adopted to assess the carbon dioxide sequestration feasibility of a formation in the Newark Basin in the United States, using borehole resistivity image(FMI™ Schlumberger) and borehole sonic data (SonicScaner™ Schlumberger). The borehole image was interpreted for the presence of natural and drilling-induced fractures, and also to find the direction of the horizontal stress azimuth from the identified induced fractures. Cross-dipole sonic anisotropy analysis was done to evaluate the presence of intrinsic or stress-based anisotropy in the formation and also to obtain the horizontal stress azimuth. The open or closed nature of natural fractures was deduced from both FMI fracture filling electrical character and the Stoneley reflection wave attenuation from SonicScanner monopole low frequency waveform. The magnitudes of the maximum and minimum horizontal stresses obtained from a 1-Dimensional Mechanical Earth Model were calibrated with stress magnitudes derived from the ‘Integrated Stress Analysis’ approach which takes into account the shear wave radial variation profiles in zones with visible crossover indications of dipole flexural waves. This was followed by a fracture stability analysis in order to identify critically stressed fractures. The borehole resistivity image analysis revealed the presence of abundant natural fractures and microfaults throughout the interval which was also supported by the considerable sonic slowness anisotropy present in those intervals. Stoneley reflected wave attenuation confirmed the openness of some natural fractures identified in the resistivity image. The strike of the natural fractures and microfaults showed an almost NE-SW trend, albeit with considerable variability. The azimuth of maximum horizontal stress obtained in intervals with crossover of dipole flexural waves was also found to be NE-SW in the middle part of the interval, thus coinciding with the overall trend of natural fractures. This might indicate that the stresses in those intervals are also driven by the natural fracture network. However, towards the bottom of the interval, especially from 1255ft-1380ft, where there were indications of drilling induced fractures but no stress-based sonic anisotropy, it was found that that maximum horizontal stress azimuth rotated almost about 30 degrees in orientation to an ESE-WNW trend. The stress magnitudes obtained from the 1D-Mechanical Earth Model and Integrated Stress Analysis approach point to a normal fault stress regime in that interval. The fracture stability analysis indicated some critically stressed open fractures and microfaults, mostly towards the lower intervals of the well section. These critically stressed open fractures and microfaults present at these comparatively shallower depths of the basin point to risks associated with carbon dioxide(CO2) leakage and also to induced seismicity that might result from the injection of CO2 anywhere in or immediately below this interval.
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Hati, Samhita, Hemlata Chawla, Arnab Ghosh, Udit Guru, and Rakesh Guru. "Identifying Producing Horizons in Fractured Reservoirs a Far Field Acoustic Approach." In SPE Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204614-ms.

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Abstract The present study attempts to use 3D slowness time coherence (STC) technique to characterize the far-field fractures based on the reflector locations and attributes such as the dip and azimuth of fractures. These, in integration with the rest of the available data are used to accurately characterize the producing horizons in fractured basement reservoirs. The first step of the workflow involves the generation of 2D image to see if there are evidences of near and far wellbore reflectors. Since this is subjective in nature and does not directly provide quantitative results for discrete reflections, a new automated sonic imaging technique – 3D slowness time coherence (STC), has been incorporated to address this challenge. This method complements the image by providing the dip and azimuth for each event. The 2D and 3D maps of the reflectors can be readily available to integrate with the interpretations provided by other measurements, to better correlate and map the producing horizons. A field example is presented from the western offshore, India in which a fractured basement reservoir was examined using 3D STC technique to provide insight to the near and far field fracture network around the borehole. Few of the interpreted fractures from the resistivity image and conventional sonic fracture analysis coincide with the far field 3D STC reflectors, indicated by significant acoustic impedance. Further, the zones where the near and far field events coincide, represent a producing horizon. Comparing the near wellbore structures from the borehole images with the reflectors identified through the far field sonic imaging workflow provides necessary information to confirm the structural setting and characteristics of fractures away from the borehole. For the present case, it indicates the continuity of the fracture network away from the wellbore and explains the possibility of high production from the reservoir horizon. This study opens new perspective for identifying and evaluating fractured basement reservoirs using the sonic imaging technique. As more wells are drilled, it will be possible to better correlate and map the producing horizons in the field. This will allow better planning of location of future wells and help in optimizing field economics. A robust, automated and synergistic approach is used to locate and characterize individual arrival events which allows a more reliable understanding of the fracture extent and geologic structures. The 2D and 3D visualizations/maps can be readily integrated with the interpretations provided by other measurements.
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