Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sonde IRM'
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Zimmeter, Katharina. "Développement de sondes IRM à base de peptides ou thiosemicarbazones pour la détection de cuivre(II) dans le milieu physiologique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF046.
Full textExchangeable copper, which is primarily bound to human serum albumin (HSA) in the blood, is a potential biomarker for diseases such as Wilson's and Alzheimer's. To date, there is no specific method for its detection in vivo. This thesis presents progress in the design of CuII-responsive MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) probes through two approaches: q-based and τR-based contrast agents (CAs), each containing a gadolinium complex and a CuII-specific ligand. One part of the work is dedicated to the development of ligands adapted to these two approaches, with sufficient CuII-affinity and selectivity: derivatives of the peptidic ATCUN motif for q-based probes and α-pyridyl thiosemicarbazones for τR-based probes. The other part focuses on their incorporation into MRI CAs and their characterization. The probes studied proved the principle of both approaches, although optimizations are still needed. An increase in relaxivity of nearly 400% was observed for the q-based CA, DO3A-pyrGH, in the presence of CuII, and a small but notable increase for τR-type probes in the simultaneous presence of CuII and HSA
Noury, Fanny. "Etude in vivo de la dégénérescence discale par IRM à 9,4 T : application à la validation de méthodes de réparation discale chez le lapin." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347842.
Full textIl est maintenant largement admis que la dégénérescence du disque intervertébral (DIV) est la principale cause de lombalgie. Cette dégénérescence est un processus complexe caractérisé par des changements biochimiques et structuraux intervenant dans les différents tissus du DIV. Aujourd'hui, seuls des traitements médicaux symptomatiques de la lombalgie sont disponibles et il n'existe pas de traitement spécifique de la dégénérescence discale.
L'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) est une technique reconnue comme un outil non invasif et totalement atraumatique de diagnostic chez l'homme. L'IRM permet de caractériser la morphologie et la physiologie d'un être vivant à partir des modifications de l'état de l'eau dans ses tissus. De part la composition du DIV (principalement de l'eau) l'IRM s'avère être particulièrement adaptée à l'étude du DIV sain ou dégénératif, ainsi qu'à sa régénération dans le cadre de l'évaluation de l'efficacité d'un traitement.
Les objectifs de ce projet ont d'abord été de développer un protocole d'IRM in vivo du DIV chez le lapin, capable de différencier des DIV sains et pathologiques et de mettre en évidence différents stades de dégénérescence discale. Ce protocole a ensuite permis d'évaluer l'efficacité de nouvelles techniques de réparation discale développées par la société Abbott Spine SA.
En parallèle de ce travail chez le lapin, l'IRM in vivo du DIV de souris a été développée, dans le but d'utiliser des modèles transgéniques de pathologies articulaires et d'étudier leur impact sur le DIV.
Petrusca, Lorena Mihaela. "Validation d’une nouvelle génération de sondes HIFU en utilisant la thermométrie IRM." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10345.
Full textThe main objective of the project concerns the study of new HIFU transducers for therapy using MRI guidance. The first sub-project aims the characterization of a HIFU probe for the treatment of the varices and the optimization of the shooting parameters according to the vein depth in the tissue. Acoustic measurements with a hydrophone were carried out in order to confirm the creation of a focalization line. An ex-vivo study using human excised veins was realized using high resolution MRI temperature control in order measure efficiency and security parameters. The second part is a study of a sector switching probe for prostate cancer treatment. The method used by Ablatherm was compared with the sector switching method, by alternating the two sectors of the probe. Results show that the lesion shape and the dimensions are the same for the two methods, but the time saving is 20% for the sector switching probe. A dynamic focalization probe for the prostate cancer treatment was studied for the last experimental part. In vitro and in vivo validation was carried out. Focal points at several distances (between 32 mm and 69 mm with respect to the probe) were obtained and sequences describing lines, splits and volumes were tested. The temperature and thermal dose maps show that the sonication strategy is adequate for inducing a homogenous lethal dose of the desired form. A treatment better adapted to the anatomy of each patient can be performed with this technique. The MRI allowed us to measure in a non-invasive manner and in real time the temperature within tissues subject to ultrasonic shooting and to visualize both the ablated volume and the adjacent tissues
Petrusca, Lorena Mihaela. "Validation d’une nouvelle génération de sondes HIFU en utilisant la thermométrie IRM." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10345.
Full textThe main objective of the project concerns the study of new HIFU transducers for therapy using MRI guidance. The first sub-project aims the characterization of a HIFU probe for the treatment of the varices and the optimization of the shooting parameters according to the vein depth in the tissue. Acoustic measurements with a hydrophone were carried out in order to confirm the creation of a focalization line. An ex-vivo study using human excised veins was realized using high resolution MRI temperature control in order measure efficiency and security parameters. The second part is a study of a sector switching probe for prostate cancer treatment. The method used by Ablatherm was compared with the sector switching method, by alternating the two sectors of the probe. Results show that the lesion shape and the dimensions are the same for the two methods, but the time saving is 20% for the sector switching probe. A dynamic focalization probe for the prostate cancer treatment was studied for the last experimental part. In vitro and in vivo validation was carried out. Focal points at several distances (between 32 mm and 69 mm with respect to the probe) were obtained and sequences describing lines, splits and volumes were tested. The temperature and thermal dose maps show that the sonication strategy is adequate for inducing a homogenous lethal dose of the desired form. A treatment better adapted to the anatomy of each patient can be performed with this technique. The MRI allowed us to measure in a non-invasive manner and in real time the temperature within tissues subject to ultrasonic shooting and to visualize both the ablated volume and the adjacent tissues
Bridot, Jean-Luc. "Nanohybrides à coeur d'Oxyde de gadolinium pour le développement de sondes IRM multimodales." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10290.
Full textDesbrée, Aurélie. "Nouvelle approche multimodale et quantitative pour les études in vivo chez le petit animal : couplage de la β-MicroProbe aux techniques magnétiques et développement de fantômes de rat et de souris voxelisés." Paris 7, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00115911.
Full textBosco, Lionel. "Développement de sondes radicalaires intelligentes pour le diagnostic par IRM réhaussée par l'effet Overhauser." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4756/document.
Full textThis work promotes two strategies for the development of new contrast agents for the diagnosis by Overhauser enhanced MRI. Two approaches have therefore been addressed.The first approach is devoted to the development of a nitroxide-type spin label, which is capable to change its EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) signature upon a non-radical enzymatic activity. This modification, due to a conformational change, allowed us to perform a selective microwave irradiation of the probe released by proteolysis. This feature was applied to Overhauser enhanced MRI and of the image after enzymatic hydrolysis of 1200% in vitro has been obtained. Due to technical hindrances, a contrast enhancement of 600% has been obtained in vivo, while nowadays, the most common clinical contrast agent, based on GdIII complex, improve image contrast around a value of 50%.The second topic deals with the synthesies and the physico-chemical study of alkoxyamines, as nitroxide precursors, for the diagnosis by MRI enhanced by the Overhauser effect. The key point of this approach is based on the activation of these molecules to quickly release the nitroxide in situ. Encouraged by the results of chemical monoactivation, we performed the double chemical activation of these new alkoxyamines to drastically reduce the half-life time of one of them to obtain values compatible with diagnostic applications. A selective pseudo-peptide of chymotrypsin has also been grafted, which allowed us to achieve an alkoxyamine model that will validate our concept of diagnosis
Bosco, Lionel. "Développement de sondes radicalaires intelligentes pour le diagnostic par IRM réhaussée par l'effet Overhauser." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4756.
Full textThis work promotes two strategies for the development of new contrast agents for the diagnosis by Overhauser enhanced MRI. Two approaches have therefore been addressed.The first approach is devoted to the development of a nitroxide-type spin label, which is capable to change its EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) signature upon a non-radical enzymatic activity. This modification, due to a conformational change, allowed us to perform a selective microwave irradiation of the probe released by proteolysis. This feature was applied to Overhauser enhanced MRI and of the image after enzymatic hydrolysis of 1200% in vitro has been obtained. Due to technical hindrances, a contrast enhancement of 600% has been obtained in vivo, while nowadays, the most common clinical contrast agent, based on GdIII complex, improve image contrast around a value of 50%.The second topic deals with the synthesies and the physico-chemical study of alkoxyamines, as nitroxide precursors, for the diagnosis by MRI enhanced by the Overhauser effect. The key point of this approach is based on the activation of these molecules to quickly release the nitroxide in situ. Encouraged by the results of chemical monoactivation, we performed the double chemical activation of these new alkoxyamines to drastically reduce the half-life time of one of them to obtain values compatible with diagnostic applications. A selective pseudo-peptide of chymotrypsin has also been grafted, which allowed us to achieve an alkoxyamine model that will validate our concept of diagnosis
Desbrée, Aurélie. "Nouvelle approche multimodale et quantitative pour les études in vivo chez le petit animal : couplage de la $\beta$-MicroProbe aux techniques magnétiques etdéveloppement de fantômes de rat et de souris voxelisés." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00115911.
Full textd'étudier ces modèles au cours du temps a stimulé le développement d'instruments dédiés aux études in vivo chez le petit animal. Pour aller plus loin dans la compréhension des mécanismes physiopathologiques, le grand défi actuel est de pouvoir coupler simultanément
plusieurs de ces méthodes. Dans ce cadre, la combinaison des techniques magnétiques et radioactives reste un challenge des plus intéressants mais aussi des plus délicats à réaliser techniquement. C'est pourquoi nous proposons de coupler les techniques magnétiques à la sonde radiosensible b-MicroProbe développée dans le groupe IPB et qui s'est révélée être une alternative aux mesures TEP. Dans ce contexte, le travail de thèse a consisté à étudier la faisabilité de ce couplage d'un point de vue physique, par simulation et par des caractérisations expérimentales. Puis, la mise en place d'un protocole biologique a été effectuée sur la base d'études pharmacocinétiques. Les expériences menées ont montré la possibilité d'utiliser la sonde pour des mesures radioactives sous champ magnétique intense
simultanément à l'acquisition d'images anatomiques. Parallèlement, nous avons cherché à améliorer la quantification du signal radioactif grâce à l'utilisation d'un fantôme voxelisé de cerveau de rat. Enfin, l'émergence des modèles transgéniques nous a conduit à reproduire des études pharmacocinétiques chez la souris et à développer des fantômes voxelisés de souris.
Zarefy, Amjaad. "Nanostructure et couplage magnétique dans des couches minces (Pt/Co)3/IrMn à anisotropie d'échange perpendiculaire." Phd thesis, Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUES051.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the correlation of the structural properties at the atomic scale with the magnetic properties of (Pt=CotCo)3=PttP t=IrMn multilayers with perpendicular exchange bias. Such multilayers are used in spintronics. A particular attention has been devoted to the structural characterization of the Co=IrMn interface. This interface plays a determining role in the exchange bias phenomenon, characterized by the exchange bias field HE. Investigation at the nanostructural scale has been carried out using atom probe tomography. Magnetic measurements were performed with a SQUID magnetometer. The results of magnetic measurements show that the insertion of a Pt spacer at the Co=IrMn interface increases HE for the multilayer in which the thickness of the Co layers (tCo) is 0. 4 nm, but decreases HE for the multilayer with tCo = 0. 6 nm. Nanostructural analyses showed that in the absence of the spacer and for tCo=0. 4 nm, Ir and Mn diffuse within the whole Co layer onto which the IrMn layer was deposited, while for tCo= 0. 6 nm the Ir and Mn diffusion is much more reduced. On the other hand, whatever the thickness of the Co layer, the spacer reduces the Ir and Mn diffusion, thus acting as a diffusion barrier. Consequently, for multilayers with tCo = 0. 4 nm, the spacer limits the interdiffusion at the Co=IrMn interface, leading to an increase of HE. The Ir andMn diffusion in the Co layer being limited for the multilayer with tCo= 0. 6 nm, the spacer moves away the Co spins from the Mn spins, leading to a decrease of HE
Zarefy, Amjaad. "Nanostructure et couplage magnétique dans des couches minces (Pt/Co)3/IrMn à anisotropie d'échange perpendiculaire." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649328.
Full textGondrand, Corentin. "Étude chémobiologique de sondes magnétogènes et fluorogènes pour l'imagerie moléculaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN070/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis deals with the design and evaluation of magnetogenic and fluorogenic probes for the in vivo detection of enzyme activities.Molecules capable of switching from a diamagnetic to a paramagnetic state in response to an enzyme stimulus would be of great interest for molecular magnetic resonance imaging. Two examples of such magnetogenic probes had been designed in a previous work : one can operate in physiological conditions, whereas the other needs an acidification of the water medium to become paramagnetic. I prepared new analogues of the first probe ; one molecule displayed fragmentation three times faster than the original compound. Then I designed and synthesized probes derived from the second example and responsive to enzyme activities ; such molecules are suitable for the in vitro quantification of enzyme biomarkers for diagnosis purposes. I participated to the conception of two proofs of concept of devices dedicated to the measurement of longitudinal relaxation times in micro-volumes. Finally, I started the development of a new family of molecules inspired by the second example but able to work at the physiological pH.I also worked on precipitating fluorogenic probes for the detection of glycosidase activities. A former probe for leucine aminopeptidase, based on the exceptional characteristics of the fluorophore ELF-97 in terms of solubility, luminescence and stability, had demonstrated great efficiency to label live HeLa cells. I designed a new architecture of probes responding to glycosidases via an original tandem of selfimmolative spacers. Two probes have been prepared, one targets beta-galactosidase and the second detects cellulase. The first probe performed a fast and sensitive labelling of beta-galactosidase-expressing cells. The second molecule was employed successfully to quantify the cellulase activity secreted by yeasts, which will be useful for the high-throughput screening of yeasts capable of producing bioethanol from vegetal waste
Akel, Mohamad. "Étude des micro/nano sondes pour la Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN)." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997531.
Full textLeterrier, Claire. "Sondes « On/Off » pour l'Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique du Fluor 19." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF046.
Full textCurrent cancer research focuses on improving therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, with vectorization emerging as a promising solution. Our work utilizes PFTD-PEG micelles, characterized by their stability and oxygen solubilization capacity, for oncology applications. These micelles, decorated with pegylated chains, offer enhanced biocompatibility and increased stealth against the immune system.The thesis project explores two main areas. The first focuses on fluorine-19 MRI, enabling precise diagnostics with controlled MRI signals. The designed fluorinated micelles can image biological tissues in vivo and switch off the fluorine-19 MRI signal on demand, thus reducing background noise. in non-targeted tissues.The second area explores the use of perfluorinated micelles as oxygen carriers for photodynamic therapy. These micelles solubilize oxygen and encapsulate a photosensitizer to generate cytotoxic ROS under light excitation. This approach aims to overcome tumor hypoxia, a major obstacle in photodynamic therapy, and improve therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the activation of a fluorinated MRI probe under near- infrared illumination grants this system dual functionality, combining therapy and diagnostics. These advancements open innovative perspectives for cancer treatment and monitoring, integrating diagnostics and therapy seamlessly
Saniour, Isabelle. "Exploitation des effets électro-optiques pour la sécurité en IRM : applications des liaisons optiques pour des capteurs RF endoluminaux et des sondes de mesure du TAS." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1330/document.
Full textThe recent advancement in MRI systems and the increase of the static magnetic field strength were accompanied by a strong concern about the effect of RF electromagnetic fields on patients. The effect can be increased by the use of conductive elements inside the volume coil as in the case of endoluminal coils used to analyze digestive walls. These coils lead to an increase of the local SAR which is induced by RF electric field in the presence of the coaxial cable connecting the coil to the MR system, resulting in strong local heating. Giving that these coils have the potential to present a real benefit to the patient, it worth to overcome these limitations. Accordingly, the first objective of the thesis is the development of a fully optical endoluminal receiver coil. An optical active detuning system has been developed and characterized. The NMR images show a signal-to-noise ratio distribution similar to that obtained with conventional detuning techniques, thus validating the efficiency of the optical detuning. Concerning the electro-optical conversion and the optical transmission of the NMR signal, experiments were performed to overcome constraints related to the use of waveguide for electro-optical conversion by Pockels effect. Moreover, the importance of monitoring global and local SAR during MRI exams remains a need which is not limited only to the endoluminal coils. The second objective of the thesis is then the experimental validation of an electro-optical probe for real-time measurements of RF electric field. This probe can measure the RF electric field in air and in biological media at 3 T and 4.7 T MRI systems and allows the estimation of the local SAR
Godart, Estelle. "Synthèses de cryptophanes hydrosolubles adaptés à l’encapsulation du xénon, et d’hémicryptophanes fonctionnalisés pour la complexation de lanthanides (III), en vue d’applications en imagerie médicale." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN041/document.
Full textThis book details all the research work that has been done during three years of Ph-D. After a chapter dedicated to the general principles of supramolecular chemistry, and some of its applications, we focalise on the use of cage-shapes molecules (cryptophanes and hemicrypto-phanes) in order to build probes for biological imaging. We successively mention the way toward the synthesis of a hemicryptophane able to complex Gadolinium(III), to use it it as a proton-MRI contrast agent, then toward the elaboration of hydrosoluble cryptophanes adapted to 129Xe NMR and MRI. This PhD manuscript ends with the synthesis of a new hemicryptophane functionnalized to form complexes with Terbium(III) and Europium(III), whose fluorescence properties are promising
Delacour, Léa. "Conception et Synthèse de Nouvelles Molécules Cages pour des Applications en IRM du Xénon." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711723.
Full textSalaam, Jeremy. "Sondes magnetogènes à base de Fe(II) répondantes à un analyte chimique par changement de spin électronique." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN075.
Full textThis thesis deals with Fe(II) based molecules capable of a spin switch by interacting with an analyte in solution, which are used in the field of molecular imaging, in particular MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). For several years now, the scientific community around MRI has become aware of two important issues: MRI’s low sensitivity and the toxicity of the contrast agents used to improve it. Our team responds to these two drawbacks by developing magnetogenic probes that are specific to a biological analyte and supposedly less toxic.For that purpose, the development of a reliable methodology allowing the incorporation of sulfonate units on the periphery of coordination complexes, offering a solubility and compatibility increase in biological media, was carried out. Then it was applied to a probe system already established in the team in order to increase its pH of activation. By expanding these peripheral decorative units to other functional groups, a series of derivatives have been synthesized, in order to extract a trend in the activation performance of the system in acidic conditions.With the aim of finding a system operating at physiological pH, two complexes were synthesized, carrying new activation motifs. The extensive characterization and activation studies of these complexes provided valuable data for the team in its understanding and optimization of the probe’s design.The in cellulo biocompatibility of the developed systems has been explored by studying their toxicity and their cellular absorption.An enzymatic activation project in the stomach of laboratory animals (rat), and the team's first in vivo proof of concept attempt, has been initiated. The preliminary manipulations are promising for the rest of the project. Finally, the difference in the MRI signal of the synthesized chemical objects, the difference between the probe before its encounter of the analyte and after, is unprecedented in the field. These results are encouraging for the development of a probe sensitive enough to allow application to routine molecular imaging experiments
Jacoutot, Samuel. "Synthèse de sondes nitroxydes pour la détection de l’activité enzymatique : application à la spectroscopie par RPE et à l'IRM rehaussée par effet Overhauser." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0489.
Full textThis work presents the synthesis of new radical probes to investigate enzymatic activity. Those probes, named “shifting nitroxides”, are synthesized to develop new methods for the detection of enzymatic activity using EPR, but also for an application in diagnosis by OMRI. The shifing nitroxides could then be an efficient alternative to the gadolinium based contrast agents. The first part focused on the optimization of the synthesis of the free shifting nitroxyde, a key synthetic intermediate. The yield has been improved from 2 to 13 % over ten synthetic steps. The second part is devoted to the synthesis of several nitroxides based probes from the free shifting nitroxide. Thus, this manuscript describes the synthesis of nitroxydes suitable for the detection of lipases by EPR spectroscopy. Other probes have been synthesized for the early detection of pulmonary inflammations: one is currently used for the development of earth’s magnetic field MRI, and the other has been used to develop the first example of in vivo detection of a disease by OMRI. Finally, the synthesis of the first family of shifting nitroxydes recognized by UPA is also described. These probes are then promising for the early diagnosis of cancers using OMRI
Hoang, Minh Dung. "Instrumentation and technical development for small animal micro-MRI studies at 7-Tesla." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10284.
Full textThe overarching goals of this work are to develop a set of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging methodologies to help study experimental models in the biomedical research. MRI offers a combination of attributes making it appealing as an imaging tool in biomedical research compared to other complementary preclinical imaging modalities such as optical imaging, micro-computed tomography, micro-Positron emission tomography or ultrasound bio-microscopy. The three-dimensional nature of MRI over a large region of interest and the unrivaled endogenous tissue contrast achievable in micrometric resolution make it a very important tool in biomedical research. This is particularly important with the expanding potentials of tissue contrast mechanism it can offer. However, one of the major limitations is its relative low sensitivity and slow throughput. A large part of our efforts have been dedicated to improve the MRI instrumentation and protocols to overcome some of these limitations around the existing MRI scanner in order help better screen both in vivo and ex vivo transgenic mouse models, -the most studied animal model of human diseases. This was assessed in our work with a particular focus on experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease.The description of our work and results build logically and incrementally from in vivo to ex vivo experimental set up starting with tackling the improvement of the first component of the acquisition chain: the MRI probe, also termed radiofrequency (RF) resonator or coil. The scope of the work expands from probes enabling in vivo whole mouse body to headonlyMRI as well as multiple ex vivo sample imaging in order to achieve higher throughput to dedicated instrumentation and set up for direct MR imaging of histology sections. In the introductory chapter (Chapter 1), we describe the set of tools and protocol that enable the characterization of each MRI probe used in our study. The systematic characterization for both existing commercial MRI coils and the one we develop in-house during this work allow for direct comparison of their performance. In chapter 2, we investigate the homogeneous RF resonators dedicated for in vivo studies with a particular focus on birdcage resonators. After examining the main advantages and limitations between low and high pass structures, we introduce the practical steps required to design a high pass birdcage structure aimed at whole mouse body imaging. Examples of serial imaging illustrate the excellent RF coverage of the whole mouse body in order to screen qualitatively the pharmacokinetic properties of newly designed contrast agents. For mouse head imaging, we aimed to increase the coil sensitivity relative to an existing commercial coil by reducing the geometry structure to closely fit the region of interest. The resulting gain in filling factor achieved without compromising the overall homogeneity of the RF field covering the brain region lead to 10% gain in Signal-to- Noise Ratio (SNR) or an equivalent 20% reduction in imaging time [etc...]
Kolanowski, Jacek Lukasz. "Bispidine-iron (II) complexes as a novel platform for the design of magentogenic probes." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01059820.
Full textParis, Jérémy. "Nanoparticules d'oxydes de fer et nanotubes de titanate pour l'imagerie multimodale et à destination de la thérapie anticancéreuse." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS065/document.
Full textThe new implementations of nanoparticles in the medical field are one of the essential factors of the medical progress expected at the beginning of this XXIst century. Thus, the domain of the medical imaging is also affected by this technological evolution. This work consisted in developing theranostic probes with iron oxides nanoparticles (SPIO) and titanate nanotubes (TiONts) for multimodal imaging (magnetic/nuclear or magnetic/optical) and also possessing a therapeutic effect (hyperthermia/PDT or radiosensitization/PDT).The titanate nanotubes of this study have an average length of about 150 nm and were obtained by Kasuga's hydrothermal synthesis. These nanotubes present an outside diameter of about 10 nm and an intern cavity of 4 nm. On the other hand, iron oxides nanoparticles were synthesized by soft chemistry ("Massart" method). These spinel-like iron oxides nanoparticles have a crystallite size of 9 nm in diameter and exhibit a superparamagnetic behavior which was highlighted by FC / ZFC measurements.To get these nanoparticles ready to receive molecules of biological interest, two linkers of more reactive organic functions (APTES: NH2 or PHA: COOH) were grafted to the surface of these two types of nanoparticles. Their presence was shown by different techniques (XPS, IR, UV-vis). The amount of grafted linkers was determined by TGA and in all cases this amount is close to 5 molecules/nm2. First, titanate nanotubes were coated by a macrocyclic chelating agent (0.2 DOTA/nm2). After radiolabelling with indium 111, the TiONts – DOTA[In] nanohybrids were injected in Swiss nude mice and observed by SPECT/CT imaging to characterize their biodistribution. The SPECT/CT images and the radioactivity measured in each organ showed that after one hour, nanotubes are located in lungs and in urine. Then, the nanotubes are gradually eliminated and are only found in urines after 24 hours. The same macrocyclic agent was grafted to the SPIO’s surface for the creation of multimodal probes MRI/SPECT or MRI/PET. Alongside this study, a fluorophore (Zinc phthalocyanine) was also grafted to the surface of nanoparticles. The synthesized SPIO – Pc nanohybrid has the required properties of bimodal imaging MRI/OI probe thanks to his emission wavelength around 670 nm and its relaxivity is about 70 L.mmolFe3O4-1.s-1. Furthermore, nanohybrids were coated by PEG to make them stealth, biocompatible and stable.In this study, the toxicity of most nanohybrids was evaluated by the in vivo zebrafish model. The studied nanohybrids did not present any toxicity, hatching disruption or malformation on zebrafish larvae
Jaziri, Faouzi. "Conception et analyse des biopuces à ADN en environnements parallèles et distribués." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22465/document.
Full textMicroorganisms represent the largest diversity of the living beings. They play a crucial rôle in all biological processes related to their huge metabolic potentialities and their capacity for adaptation to different ecological niches. The development of new genomic approaches allows a better knowledge of the microbial communities involved in complex environments functioning. In this context, DNA microarrays represent high-throughput tools able to study the presence, or the expression levels of several thousands of genes, combining qualitative and quantitative aspects in only one experiment. However, the design and analysis of DNA microarrays, with their current high density formats as well as the huge amount of data to process, are complex but crucial steps. To improve the quality and performance of these two steps, we have proposed new bioinformatics approaches for the design and analysis of DNA microarrays in parallel and distributed environments. These multipurpose approaches use high performance computing (HPC) and new software engineering approaches, especially model driven engineering (MDE), to overcome the current limitations. We have first developed PhylGrid 2.0, a new distributed approach for the selection of explorative probes for phylogenetic DNA microarrays at large scale using computing grids. This software was used to build PhylOPDb: a comprehensive 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probe database for prokaryotic identification. MetaExploArrays, which is a parallel software of oligonucleotide probe selection on different computing architectures (a PC, a multiprocessor, a cluster or a computing grid) using meta-programming and a model driven engineering approach, has been developed to improve flexibility in accordance to user’s informatics resources. Then, PhylInterpret, a new software for the analysis of hybridization results of DNA microarrays. PhylInterpret uses the concepts of propositional logic to determine the prokaryotic composition of metagenomic samples. Finally, a new parallelization method based on model driven engineering (MDE) has been proposed to compute a complete backtranslation of short peptides to select probes for functional microarrays
Maafi, Foued. "Développement d'une sonde fluorescente bioactivable pour l'étude du rôle in vitro et in vivo des protéases dégradant l’apolipoprotéine A-I." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13427.
Full textJežková, Marie. "Život a kultura v České republice očima cizinců: Sonda do prostředí mezinárodní firmy IBM." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363101.
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