Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Somesthésique'
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Jeffrey-Gauthier, Renaud. "Couplage neurovasculaire lors de processus reliés à la douleur dans le cortex somesthésique primaire du rat." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6962/1/030592845.pdf.
Full textBourgeon, Stéphanie. "Remodelage des cartes du cortex somesthésique dépendant de l'expérience sensorielle et corrélats perceptifs : approches électrophysiologique et comportementale chez le rat adulte." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11031.
Full textDupuy, Emma. "Impact d'une déficience somesthésique sur les mécanismes de régulation du contrôle postural : un nouveau modèle, le syndrome d'Ehlers-Danlos de type hypermobile." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC402/document.
Full textEhlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is the clinical manifestation of hereditary connective tissue disorders, comprising several clinical forms. The EDS hypermobility type (EDSh) is characterized by generalized joint hypermobility and variable skin hyperextensibility, which both generate somatosensory impairment. Somatosensory system is, together with visual and vestibular systems, crucially involved in sensorimotor system functioning. The aim of this work was to understand the impact of impaired proprioception on perceptive and sensorimotor mechanisms underlying postural control in EDSh patients. Evaluation of postural control was structured around two approaches. The first one was indirect, and evaluated the sensory mechanism underlying vertical perception. The second one was direct, and used detailed stabilometric analyses to investigate postural control.The first objective of this work was to evaluate how somatosensory impairment affects the contribution of spatial frame of reference (allocentric, egocentric, and geocentric) to visual vertical perception. Two types of tests were conducted to assess the vertical perception with and without visual information (Rod and Frame Test, RFT; Subjective visual vertical, SVV). These two studies showed that somatosensory impairment reduces the contribution of egocentric frame of reference (body axis) to vertical perception. In response, patients increase their visual field dependence, and thus, use preferentially allocentric frame of reference. The second axis aimed to identify sensory strategies adopted by these patients and their repercussion on postural regulation mechanisms. To investigate this question, a thorough postural assessment was conducted, using sensory perturbation and dual-task paradigm, and linear and non-linear analyses. We observed that somatosensory impairment impacts muscular proprioceptive contribution to automatic regulation mechanism involved in postural control. These modifications in postural regulation induce an increase of active monitoring of postural sway. In response, EDSh patients develop a visual dependence, and produce adaptive strategies based on stiffening of corrective mechanisms acting in long term. Finally, two pilot studies were conducted to test the impact of proprioceptive remediation, somatosensory orthoses and sensorimotor rehabilitation program, on postural control of these patients. Both of these two therapeutic solutions seem to induce a beneficial effect on postural control. This effect is reflected by an improvement of postural stability when patients wore somatosensory orthoses, and an enhancement of postural efficiency in response to sensorimotor rehabilitation. However, results also indicate that the immediate effect induced by orthotic device of somatosensory substitution is limited, because it did not help to decrease visual dependency. Hence, these observations allowed us to identify the postural regulation specificities in EDSh patients, and, in a preliminary way, to observe how they change in response to therapeutic solutions based on sensory remediation
Corbo, Julien. "Des illusions tactiles à l’intégration spatiotemporelle dans le cortex somesthésique primaire : influence de la temporalité des stimuli cutanés sur leur représentation corticale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0505.
Full textSeveral tactile spatiotemporal illusions suggest that the timing of successive cutaneous stimulations modify the perception of their spatial location. If they are close enough in time and space, shorter inter-stimuli time intervals (ISI) lead to shorted perceived distances. To the extreme of this time-space relation, when the stimuli are simultaneous, subjects report the merged perception of a unique and centered point of stimulation. Therefore, the tactile perceptual system seems to use the time separating two stimuli to compute their spatial distance. To understand the implementation of this perceptual rule, one can investigate the neural representation of the stimuli that elicit the illusory percept, looking for spatial distortions and their underlying mechanisms. Studies based on the measure of the hemodynamic responses have shown such distortions of the somatotopic representations in the primary somatosensory cortex, for simultaneous and delayed stimulations. In order to enhance our understanding of the elementary phenomenon that underpins those spatial modifications of the sensory inputs, we investigated the cortical representation of pairs of simultaneous and delayed cutaneous stimuli in the S1 of anesthetized rats. Using electrophysiological recordings and extrinsic optical imaging, we revealed the cortical merging of inputs from simultaneous digits stimulation. When the stimuli were delayed, we observed ISI-dependent modulations of the responses to the second stimulus. This spatiotemporal integration, that didn’t seem to contribute directly to a distance contraction effect, could however favor the mislocalization observed in illusory perception
Cartry, Odile. "Apport des nouvelles techniques, potentiels évoqués somesthésiques précoces et imagerie par résonance magnétique, dans l'étude de la colonne cervicale de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde : à propos d'une étude personnelle concernant 37 patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6419.
Full textSangari, Sina. "Atteintes sensorimotrices dans la sclérose latérale amyotrophique chez l'homme." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066302/document.
Full textAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is an adulthood neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons. Considered as a purely motor pathways disease, some investigations brought evidences for early and parallel sensory pathway impairments and for interneuron impairments that could precede and lead to motor neuron hyperexcitation. Although motoneuron activity is closely associated to sensory afferents and interneurons, their effects onto motoneuron excitation and their involvement in impairment spreading have not been studied yet. The aim of this thesis was on one hand, to confirm and characterize anatomically and functionally sensory impairment at spinal and cortical level in patients at the early stage of the disease and, on the other hand, to assess effects induced by these inputs onto motoneuron activity and through cervical and lumbar interneurons. Research project originality was to focus on proximal muscles clinically unaffected of which « presymptomatic » motoneurons receive sensory inputs from distal muscles clinically affected. We showed that: 1) despite their reduction, sensory inputs induce an hyperexcitation of motoneurons; 2) excitability and state of these motoneuron pools are normal through corticospinal afferents but are hyperexcited by peripheral afferents; 3) activity of cervical and lumbar propriospinal system and recurrent inhibition are reinforced
Dinomais, Mickael. "Etude du cortex sensori-moteur en Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Fonctionnelle : du sujet sain à l'enfant avec paralysie cérébrale." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021084.
Full textAlbert, Didier. "Rachis cervical rhumatoi͏̈de et potentiels évoqués somesthésiques dynamiques." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23051.
Full textBernard, Demanze Laurence. "Repondération des informations somesthésiques dans le contrôle postural." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS001.
Full textThe aim of this work was 1) to investigate healthy subject' s ability to recalibrate their somesthesic plantar information in the control of undisturbed upright stance maintenance and 2) to evaluate the capacities of postural adaptation in subjects with peripheral neuropathy. An analytical method consisting in estimating the movements of the centre of gravity (CG) from the signal of the centre of pressure recorded through a force platform was used. Results show that the nature and the duration of the stimulation can influence differently the postural stability. Finally, the adaptation of the postural behaviour in subjects with peripheral neuropathy would depend on the level of their tactile sensory deficit
Lugaz, Olivia. "Convergence des sensations gustatives et somesthésiques : cas particulier des acides." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112294.
Full textThis study showed that saliva secretion was not enhanced in low saliva flow rate subjects (LF) by an acid stimulation contrary to high saliva flow rate subjects (HF). Recorded Time-intensity profiles showed that HF perceived a higher intensity for acid solutions than LF whereas their pH measured on the tongue were less acid than those of LF. Thus, HF are more sensitive to acids, but they are also relatively more sensitive to hydrophobic than hydrophilic acids compared to LF. Nerve recordings showed that the hydrophobicity of an acid may overcome the concentration of potentially free protons to stimulate the trigeminal (V) free nerve endings, located deep in the lingual epithelium. All these results suggest that HF exhibit a higher sensitivity of the V than LF do. Semantic study of the acid perception showed that some descriptors may be specific of the chorda tympani nerve (taste nerve, CT) and others of the V. Nerve recordings showed that CT responses decreased with repeated acid stimulations, suggesting that the V needs to be activated to modulate the CT activity. Furthermore, CT responses to tastants were modulated by capsaicin, a trigeminal stimulus, only if it elicited a response on either CT/V or both. Finally, CT secondary responses began later than the secondary responses of the V, suggesting that the activity of the V may drive the CT activity. Sectioning the nerves led to an additional decrease of the nerve responses and to a variation of the basal activity on the distal cut end, this phenomenon was never observed when nerves remained intact. Altogether, these observations show how functional interactions help to constitute the polymodal "taste" sensation
Lafrenière, Lucie. "Étude ontogénétique des potentiels évoqués somesthésiques précoces chez l'enfant normal." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1990. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5434/1/000586650.pdf.
Full textMarchand, Serge. "L'effet de l'analgésie fonctionnelle sur l'amplitude des potentiels évoqués somesthésiques." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1986. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5852/1/000556080.pdf.
Full textDelcour, Maxime. "Développement d'un modèle animal de paralysie cérébrale : basé sur l'ischémie prénatale et l'expérience sensorimotrice anormale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4744/document.
Full textCerebral palsy (CP) corresponds to various motor, sensory and cognitive disorders related to white matter damage (i.e. periventricular leucomalacia, PVL) often occurring after perinatal hypoxic-ischemic events. To reproduce PVL in rodents, we used a prenatal ischemia (PI) that induces white and gray matter damage. The ischemic rats exhibit visual-spatial cognitive deficits and hyperactivity, as observed in patients with CP, related to lesions of entorhinal, prefrontal and cingular cortices. Only mild locomotor disorders are induced by PI, associated to signs of spasticity, along with anatomical and functional degradation in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), while the primary motor cortex (M1) remains unchanged. Thus, PI recapitulates the main symptoms found in children born preterm. Abnormal spontaneous movements (i.e. general movements) observed in infants who develop CP later on suggest that abnormal sensorimotor experience during maturation is key in the development of this catastrophic disease. The combination of a sensorimotor restriction (SMR) and PI in animal induces fewer cognitive deficits but still hyperactivity. Such a combination leads to severe postural and motor disorders, and spasticity, associated with musculoskeletal pathologies, as observed in patients with CP. In addition to motor disorders, drastic topographical disorganization of cortical maps in S1 and M1 suggest a major dysfunction of sensorimotor loops
Quesada, Charles. "L'effet antalgique de stimulations corticales non invasives par stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétée (rTMS). : Confirmation de l'intérêt antalgique de la stimulation du cortex moteur primaire et exploration du potentiel d'une nouvelle cible corticale : le cortex somatosensoriel secondaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES056/document.
Full textCentral neuropathic pain is a common sequelae after central nervous system injury. Its negative consequences on the quality of life and the moderate efficacy (40% of responders) of first-line treatments make the search for alternative therapies a major clinical challenge. For several years, the technique of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is presented as an interesting tool to relieve this sort of pain even though its clinical efficacy has not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effectiveness of rTMS to relieve central neuropathic pain.We first demonstrated, in an observational study, that a minimum of 4-5 sessions over two months of rTMS at 20HZ on the primary motor cortex (M1) produces pain relief that can be maintained even after a year of stimulation. In order to rule out a possible placebo effect, we objectified the analgesic efficacy by replicating this protocol in a randomized, controlled, cross-over clinical study. The results obtained confirm those of the observational study since the analgesic effect of the active rTMS was significantly greater than the placebo stimulation for the main criterion (% of pain relief, +33%) or pain intensity (VAS, -19%), with 47% of responders. For patients who did not respond to M1 stimulation, we also tested the efficacy of an alternative target in a randomized study: the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2). None of the patients were relieved by this stimulation, but the small size of this study does not allow us to definitively conclude that there is no analgesic effect. Finally, given the increasing use of new deeper cortical targets in rTMS for pain treatment, we have from the recording of the magnetic field produced by the rTMS in different media (air and ex-vivo model), proposed a magnetic-field distribution model according to the depth of the target and the type of stimulation coils used.To conclude, this work objectify the analgesic effect of 4 rTMS sessions at 20 Hz of M1 to relieve central neuropathic pain, validating its use when first-line treatments have failed. The results obtained by S2 stimulation as well as magnetic field modeling should allow future studies to explore new cortical targets for patients who are still failing treatment
Rosselet, Céline. "Malléabilité des cartes corticales somesthésiques chez l'adulte : approches électrophysiologique et biochimique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX11032.pdf.
Full textForest, Luc. "Aspects des potentiels évoqués somesthésiques précoces chez l'agénésique du corps calleux." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1989. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5613/1/000577609.pdf.
Full textMcCabe, Nicole. "Analyse d'informations somesthésiques et visuelles intra- et interhémisphériques chez les acalleux." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1985. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6063/1/000554677.pdf.
Full textMorrier, Yves. "Rachis cervical rhumatoi͏̈de et potentiels évoqués moteurs et somesthésiques des membres inférieurs." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23102.
Full textCoq, Jacques-Olivier. "Plasticité des cartes corticales somesthésiques et correlats fonctionnels chez le rat adulte." Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11007.
Full textGaldin, Marlène. "La somesthésie chez les femmes ayant des comportements d'automutilation." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2009. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1599/1/030133827.pdf.
Full textBringoux, Lionel. "Implications vestibulaires et somesthésiques dans la perception de l'orientation du corps dans l'espace." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10152.
Full textVandesteene, Arlette. "Analyse des effets des agents anesthésiques halogènes sur les potentiels somesthésiques de courte latence." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212644.
Full textParain, Dominique. "Analyse des potentiels évoqués somesthésiques à l'aide de la double transformation de Karhunen-Loeve." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES045.
Full textIbañez, Vicente. "Apport des potentiels évoqués précoces à l'évaluation de la transmission centrale des signaux somesthésiques : données normatives et applications cliniques." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T146.
Full textGillet, Sophie. "La réticulée bulbaire ventrolatérale de la rate allaitante : des afférences somesthésiques massives en provenance des mamelons." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21440.
Full textDuring lactation, the ventro-lateral medulla (VLM) could relay the suckling information from the nipples to the magnocellular oxytocinergic hypothalamic nuclei. We investigated this hypothesis. We found by in vivo electrophysiology that in isoflurane anesthetized lactating rat, many VLM neurons, respond to mechanical stimulation of 1 or several adjacent nipples. Most of them are activated by the stimulus. They are located in Gi, MdV, LPGi and LRt, out of the A1/C1 group. Very few revealed to be connected to the supraoptic area. During active suckling from the pups resulting in milk ejection reflex (MER), several neurons showed progressive increase of activity until milk ejection. Using the expression of the c-Fos protein to quantify neuronal activation, we showed that in the caudo-rostral extent of the VLM, significantly more neurons are activated in suckled lactating rat than in non-suckled or virgin rats. The difference is mainly present in Gi, MdV, LRt, lRt and A1/C1. Double labelled TH/Fos-ir neurons are only observed in lactating suckled rat. By way of a functional study using localised low intensity electrical stimulation throughout the medulla, two sites revealed as being able to evoke milk ejection when stimulated. The vagus nerve entry zone (solitary tract) and the lateral part of the VLM (VLMlat) Although our findings do not demonstrate a definite role for the VLM in the MER, they shoow for the first time, that non-adrenergic neurons in the VLM of the lactating rat receive a massive input from the nipples. Their involvement in MER or in other specific function relatedto lactation deserves further investigation
Reyns, Nicolas. "ROLE DU CORTEX MOTEUR DANS LA MODULATION DES AFFERENCES SOMESTHESIQUES. MODELE DE LA STIMULATION ELECTRIQUE DU CORTEX MOTEUR." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440877.
Full textGagnard-Landra, Corine. "Les potentiels évoqués somesthésiques par stimulation dermatomale : étude sur de sujets normaux et applications à la pathologie." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON1T024.
Full textMazzola, Laure. "Rôle du cortex operculo-insulaire dans la somesthésie et la douleur chez l'homme." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10208/document.
Full textThis work aims at assessing the role of operculo-insular cortex in somesthesia and pain in Humans, using intracerebral electrical stimulations and fMRI. Two distinct functional zones were highlighted; the insular cortex on one hand, in which 60% of stimulations induced somato-sensory responses (10% painful), with a clear antero-posterior gradient in terms of localization and pain stimulation threshold, and where receptive fields were large and pain evoked sensations showed a rough somatotopic organization. The inner part of the parietal operculum (second somatosensory area SII) on the other hand, where electrical stimulation induced almost exclusively somato-sensory sensations, of which 10% were painful, in more restricted cutaneous territories. SII and posterior insula are the only cortical regions where electrical stimulation can elicit painful sensation. Functional segregation in SII and insula was found using fMRI, showing that specific patterns of activation do exist, depending on the type of somato-sensory stimulations, including sub-regions specifically activated during pain stimulation. These characteristics confer to these regions a crucial and special role, which consists in triggering the building of pain 'experience' by the pain matrix
Reyns, Nicolas. "Rôle du cortex moteur dans la modulation des afférences somesthésiques : modèle de la stimulation électrique du cortex moteur." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S022.
Full textFrot, Maud Gaëlle. "Réponses nociceptives et somesthésiques des cortex operculaire supra-sylvien et insulaire chez l'homme : étude électrophysiologique par enregistrements intra-cérébraux." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO1T028.
Full textHoudayer, Elise. "Rôle des informations somesthésiques dans la modulation de l'excitabilité des aires corticales motrices et influence de la stimulation magnétique répétitive." Lille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL2S025.
Full textPaillard, Aurore. "Perception de l'horizon visuel en milieu d'hyperpesanteur : rôle des systèmes oculomoteur, otolithique et somesthétique." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENS004.
Full textTravelling on board of locomotion vehicles often induce sensorial stimulations which provoke perceptive illusions. These erroneous perceptions of body position were defined in the literature as spatial disorientation, which is principally considered as otolithic origin. In fact, during a forward sustained linear acceleration, the resultant of the imposed acceleration and gravity is no longer aligned with the gravitational vertical. As other physical accelerometer, the otolithic system cannot discriminate the acceleration of gravity from sustained inertial acceleration, and will perceive this resultant, defined as gravito-inertial acceleration (GiA), as the new vertical. Elevator and oculogravic illusions are listed among the most experienced behavioural effects. These illusions are defined as erroneous visual perception of object position in hypergravity environment. This thesis takes an interest in i) sensorial information cues involved in perceptive illusions in hypergravity, ii) interindividuals differences in the estimation of visual horizon, iii) the role of egocentric and exocentric references implicated in elevator and oculogravic illusions. Our results highlight: (1) the fundamental role of gravito-inertial intensity in the visual horizon perception, (2) the coupled effect of body and visual egocentric perceptions in visual horizon estimation, (3) inter-individuals differences, due to the modulation of gravito-inertial intensity, explained by otolithic cues, (4) the contribution of somesthetic cues, in particular for oculogravic illusion. All of the studies referred in this thesis suggest a sensory approach in otolithic and somesthetic terms, as well as an individual approach for visual horizon perception
Cebolla, Ana Maria. "The N30 component of the somatosensory evoked potentials: a new tool for EEG dynamic exploration of human brain in space." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210020.
Full textSomatosensory evoked potentials are robust indicators of the afferent information at cortical level. In particular, the frontal N30 component of SEP can serve as a reliable physiological index of the dopaminergic motor pathway (Insola et al. 1999, Pierantozzi et al. 1999). Its properties in sensory-motor gating and cognitive processes make its fine analysis particularly interesting. The physiological interpretation and the origin of the frontal N30 are still debated (Allison et al. 1991, Cheron et al. 1994, Karnovsky et al. 1997, Balzamo et al. 2004, Barba et al. 2005).
In this thesis we have investigated the mechanisms generating the N30 SEP component produced by electrical stimulation at median nerve at wrist, with reference to the current questioning of the additive and oscillatory models of the ERP (Sayers et al. 1974; Basar et al. 1980).
We have applied analysis of the spectral content of neuronal oscillatory activity recorded in electroencephalographic (EEG) in order to study of dynamic brain processing underlying the N30 component. Concretely for studying whether the occurrence of the N30 related input induce amplitude modulation and/or reorganization of EEG rhythms we have analyzed separately power perturbation and phase synchrony of single EEG oscillations trials by means of event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) and intertrial coherence (ITC) measurements. In addition, in order to model brain localizations of phase synchrony and power enhancement and to compare them to model localization of the N30 SEP we used swLORETA, a distributive method of source analysis.
We have demonstrated that:
(1) Ongoing EEG signals contribute to the generation of the N30 component (Cheron et al. 2007).
(2) Dynamics of ongoing EEG signals underlie the specific behavior of the N30 during gating produced by movement execution (Cebolla et al. 2009).
(3) Localization of brain sources generating the N30 SEP component overlaps those generating beta-gamma ongoing oscillations at the same short latency (Cebolla et al. 2010).
Additionally the work developed during this thesis has served to develop a comprehensive, pragmatic paradigm to identify, evaluate and understand the somatosensory alterations in defined contexts, as illustrated by our recent work on perturbations and adaptations in astronauts over long term microgravity stay. We think that addressing this topic is essential in order to optimize and objectively evaluate adaptation to microgravity. We therefore proposed a detailed project to European Space Agency entitled “The frontal N30 somatosensory evoked potential for the study of sensory-motor and cognitive adaptations in weightlessness: NeuroSEP” (ILSRA 2009) in which we also proposed direct applications for quality of life aboard International Space Station, for the medical field and industry.
Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Pinto, Xavier. "Potentiels évoqués somesthésiques et anesthésie totale intraveineuse sous propofol : comparaison des effets de l'alfentanil et du sufentanil sur les potentiels évoqués du nerf tibial postérieur." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR23011.
Full textDerre, Alexandre. "Douleurs chroniques : implication et potentiel thérapeutique des membres de la famille FXYD." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONT006.
Full textChronic pain: Implication and therapeutic potential of FXYD protein members Chronic pain is a major public health problem affecting nearly 18% of the world’s population. It has deleterious consequences on patient’s quality of life and generates critical situations on the medical, sociological and economic levels. Current treatments are relatively limited, often ineffective and/or have deleterious side effects. In fact, better knowledge and an improved management of these pathologies is a major challenge for fundamental and clinical research.In this context, my thesis project is based on two different proteins, Fxyd2 and Fxyd7, which are members of a family of 7 proteins which contain a characteristic FXYD amino-acid motif. These two proteins have been described as modulators of the Na,K-ATPases’ activity, and are present in very specific somatosensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. The Na,K-ATPase pump is implicated in a large variety of physiological phenomena with a critical role in neuronal excitability by maintaining membrane potential thanks to the transfer of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). The maintenance of this ionic equilibrium is a crucial point since neuronal hyperexcitability has often been described in chronic pain.The first objective of my thesis was to develop a therapeutic strategy suitable for human therapy based on a very innovative gene extinction strategy. Thus, we showed that lipidomodified antisense oligonucleotides directed against the Fxyd2 gene and administered intrathecally induce a strong analgesic effect in neuropathic pain or in inflammatory pain models of rats, leading to normal mechanical sensitivity. Moreover, we showed that specific chemical modifications induce a better stability of our therapeutic molecule which prolongs its efficacy up to 10 days.In the second objective, my work was directed toward understanding the mechanisms of action of Fxyd2 in neuronal physiopathology in dorsal root ganglia, especially by identifying its protein partners using a proteomic approach. Thus, I showed by tandem mass spectrometry and by Proximity Ligation Assay that Fxyd2 could interact directly with proteins other than the ɑ1 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase in physiological conditions in mice. Indeed, Fxyd2 seems to interact also with the ɑ3 subunit of this pump and also with PMCA, GST and Prdx6.My third objective was to study the role of the Fxyd7 gene in the somatosensory system in normal and pathological conditions. In the first place, I used in situ hybridization to show its expression in specific neuronal subpopulations including peptidergic nociceptors, mechanoreceptors and in proprioceptive neurons in the mouse DRG. Then, using motor, equilibrium and mechanical sensitivity tests in Fxyd7 KO mice, I demonstrated the absence of major behavioral defects in these mice in normal conditions. In neuropathic pain conditions, using the SNL (Spinal Nerve Ligation) model, mechanical sensitivity tests did not reveal any influence of this mutation, neither in the acute nor chronic phases. However, in chronic inflammatory pain conditions induced by injection of CFA (Complete Freund’s Adjuvant), Fxyd7 null mutants failed to maintain pain responses. Thus Fxyd7 expression in DRG neurons appears to be specifically required for the maintenance of chronic inflammatory pain.Our results thus show a major therapeutic potential of two FXYD family members to treat chronic pain
De, Giorgi Margherita. "Figurations de la présence : esthétiques corporelles, pratiques du geste et écologies des affects sur la scène performative contemporaine." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080038.
Full textSince the early 2000s, the concept of presence is at the core of a renewed interest in theperforming arts field. This dissertation reviews recent theoretical debates and explorestheatrical and choreographic works resonating with the corporeal and aesthetic qualitiesassociated with this notion. Within a phenomenological framework, current definitions arereconsidered through the lenses of dance gesture analysis, expanding on theepistemology of somatic practices, the ecology of practices (Stengers 2005), and politicalfocus on affects (Massumi 1995; 2015). The academic discourses are also examinedthrough a brief outlook of the works, including Il Principe Amleto – a piece by Italian actorand stage director Danio Manfredini. The pieces considered in the second part of thedissertation include Ouverture Alcina, a monologue by the Italian theatre company Teatrodelle Albe; recent projects by Italian choreographer Virgilio Sieni; a dance performanceentitled Déperdition, by French artist Myriam Gourfink; and a recent rerun of Xavier LeRoy’s Self Unfinished within his project « Rétrospective ». Each analysis emphasizes thephysical and perceptive work of the performers and considers the artist’s creative process,as well as the relation between the pieces and their broader staging context. In addition,the personal experience of the scholar/spectator is given prominence, as well as of hergaze. The resulting investigation is thus fundamentally epistemological, focusing at onceon practices of presence – understood as performative in nature –, and on figurations ofpresence, the perceptive and affective implications of performance
Cloutier, Christian. "Mécanismes physiologiques de la neuromodulation épidurale par la stimulation des cordons postérieures (SCP) : spinal, supraspinal ou les deux?" Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6286.
Full textTrousselard, Marion. "Direction gravitaire visuelle : rôle de la perception d'orientation corporelle." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011552.
Full textNuti, Christophe. "Enregistrements multimodulaires de la douleur et de la somesthésie chez l'homme : données de l'electrophysiologie et de l'imagerie. : application à la stimulation chronique du cortex moteur." Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STET006T.
Full textLebar, Nicolas. "Modulation du traitement cortical des informations visuelles et somatosensorielles en situation d'incongruence : une approche électroencéphalographique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4724.
Full textThe goal of our doctoral research was to investigate the weighting of these sensory inputs in conditions under which they provided either congruent or incongruent information about hand motion. A visuo-somatosensory incongruence can be induced experimentally by shifting the visual feedback of the environment. We asked participants to follow precisely the outline of an irregular shape with a stylus on a digitizing tablet. Brain activity was recorded with an electroencephalographic device, and quantified by measuring visual evoked potentials amplitudes [Study 1], and the power in the alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (15- 25 Hz) and gamma (50-80 Hz) frequency-bands [Studies 2 and 3]. We first evidenced that visually-guided hand movements increased the sensitivity to visual inputs of a large cortical network. Moreover, we showed that controlling movement in a situation with an incongruence between visual and somatosensory input led to a further increase of visual, somatosensory and posterior-parietal cortical excitability. We suggest that these modulations reflect sensory weighting mechanisms in order to attempt to adapt to the sensory incongruence. Interestingly, in the somatosensory areas, we found that the sensory incongruent condition led to a reduction of gamma power, suggesting a reduced integration of somatosensory inputs for controlling movements. Taken together, our findings are in line with the existence of a general sensory gain control mechanism driven by the state of adaptation of the sensorimotor system in a given sensory context. More generally, our results argue for the idea that sensory processing is function of the context-dependent relevance of the sensory inputs
El, Mendili Mohamed-Mounir. "Analysis of the structural integrity of the spinal cord in motor neuron diseases using a multi-parametric MRI approach." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066575/document.
Full textDegenerative motor neuron diseases (MND) are characterized by a progressive dysfunction and loss of ventral horn motor neurons of the spinal grey matter. Beyond this common anatomical susceptibility, which is responsible for a progressive and diffuse weakness, other neurological systems are also impaired. The corticospinal tract (CST) degeneration is a classical feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is the most common adult onset motor neuron disease, but a more widespread multisystem involvement is now well recognized. In particular, early sensory system involvement has been demonstrated in animal models of ALS and also of survival motor neuron 1 gene linked spinal muscular atrophy (SMN1-linked SMA). In human patients, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the most powerful approach at the brain level to extract quantitative data on neuronal loss, axonal degeneration and demyelination in degenerative conditions. Studies at the spinal cord levels are scarce mainly because of technical and methodological difficulties. The objective of the present thesis project was to use a multi-parametric MRI approach at the spinal cord level to analyze grey and white matter structures that are impaired in two most common MND, i.e. ALS and SMN1-linked SMA, their temporal alterations during the disease course and the functional correlates, as assessed by clinical and electrophysiological examinations
Matheron, Eric. "Incidence des phories verticales sur le contrôle postural en vision binoculaire." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00464265.
Full textAbboud, Abou Jaoude Rachelle. "Développement d’une nouvelle approche d’évaluation du confort dans le contexte des véhicules électriques connectés." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM059.
Full textThermal comfort of drivers and passengers inside cars compartments is a subject bouncing back to the spotlight with the electrification of vehicles. In fact, air conditioning and heating systems can reduce the battery autonomy of electric vehicles by up to 50% under certain conditions. On the other hand, the most used thermo-physiological models nowadays are still those that consider a standard average person. Many studies showed the limitations of these models in predicting thermal comfort for different populations in complex environments. Therefore, if a personal thermal comfort at minimum vehicle energy consumption is required, a deep consideration should be given to the understanding of the individualization of the thermo-physiological model and to identifying key parameters that have the most influence on thermal comfort. An individualization procedure followed by an experimental validation of the customized model is presented. Considering individual characteristics was shown to improve the model by 20% on average
Germon, Olivia. "Le sol urbain : un arrière-plan de l’expérience somatique des ambiances urbaines." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH004.
Full textThe ground as a support for urban life remains a largely understudied topic in architectural and urban research. In a world where towns compete to offer a better quality of public spaces, pedestrian use is considered as an essential aspect. Felt underfoot and seen on the perceptual horizon without being consciously considered, very little in-depth research has revealed its sentient dimensions.After some brief historical considerations on the importance of urban ground, the study focuses on how the ground is integrated into the lived experience of our environment, beginning with how we learn to walk. The ground is a fundamental dimension and plays an essential role in keeping balance and creating a sense of proprioception. It participates as a basis for bodily experience by providing a surface of exchange. In terms of architecture and urban design, this study posits the ground as part of the ambiance as it constitutes the ambient background of the sensory experience of public spaces. In order to develop this hypothesis three case studies are considered: the first, based on a reactivated listening of twenty sounds recorded in Paris to provide an analysis of the role that the ground plays in experiencing the ambiance; the second, a comparative set of observations and video recordings taken in two sites in Barcelona and La Défense in Paris; the third, is based on ten blind-folded commented walks carried out at La Défense. It tries to examine what the somatic experience of the ground entails, how does the relationship between the ground and the “soma” take place? In conclusion, the reciprocal contributions of Ambiances and Somatics are considered in relation to this material as we ask what new theoretical approaches these disciplines can provide in exploring body experience
Gnaedinger, Amandine. "Le son de la rose : comment le cerveau traite-t-il l'interaction multisensorielle audio-olfactive ?" Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS401/document.
Full textMultisensory interactions are constantly present in our everyday life and allow a unified representation of environment. Cross modal integration is often studied in multisensory associative brain regions, but recent findings suggest that most of the brain could be multisensory. But at this time, we still don’t know how the brain deals with information from different sensory systems. In this project, we want to understand whether the establishment of neuronal oscillations can functionally connect sensory regions and take part of the multisensory integration, and how this connection is built up by learning. For this, we examine changes in the cortical network involved in the acquisition of a multisensory association between a sound and an odor in rats through the analysis of the local field potentials’ oscillations The originality of the project is to sample a large network of brain structures including primary sensory cortex (primary auditory cortex, olfactory bulb) and multimodal areas towards which converge these two senses: the piriform and perirhinal cortices. We have developed a behavioral GO/NO GO test in which the rat must combine simultaneous auditory and olfactory informations to succeed. Data and brain signals obtained in this task suggest that the power of oscillations in beta frequency band within the olfactory areas and the coherences of oscillations between these areas are modified by the multisensory learning
Carriou, Vincent. "Multiscale, multiphysic modeling of the skeletal muscle during isometric contraction." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2376/document.
Full textThe neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems are complex System of Systems (SoS) that perfectly interact to provide motion. From this interaction, muscular force is generated from the muscle activation commanded by the Central Nervous System (CNS) that pilots joint motion. In parallel an electrical activity of the muscle is generated driven by the same command of the CNS. This electrical activity can be measured at the skin surface using electrodes, namely the surface electromyogram (sEMG). The knowledge of how these muscle out comes are generated is highly important in biomechanical and clinical applications. Evaluating and quantifying the interactions arising during the muscle activation are hard and complex to investigate in experimental conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a way to describe and estimate it. In the bioengineering literature, several models of the sEMG and the force generation are provided. They are principally used to describe subparts of themuscular outcomes. These models suffer from several important limitations such lacks of physiological realism, personalization, and representability when a complete muscle is considered. In this work, we propose to construct bioreliable, personalized and fast models describing electrical and mechanical activities of the muscle during contraction. For this purpose, we first propose a model describing the electrical activity at the skin surface of the muscle where this electrical activity is determined from a voluntary command of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS), activating the muscle fibers that generate a depolarization of their membrane that is filtered by the limbvolume. Once this electrical activity is computed, the recording system, i.e. the High Density sEMG (HD-sEMG) grid is define over the skin where the sEMG signal is determined as a numerical integration of the electrical activity under the electrode area. In this model, the limb is considered as a multilayered cylinder where muscle, adipose and skin tissues are described. Therefore, we propose a mechanical model described at the Motor Unit (MU) scale. The mechanical outcomes (muscle force, stiffness and deformation) are determined from the same voluntary command of the PNS, and is based on the Huxley sliding filaments model upscale at the MU scale using the distribution-moment theory proposed by Zahalak. This model is validated with force profile recorded from a subject implanted with an electrical stimulation device. Finally, we proposed three applications of the proposed models to illustrate their reliability and usefulness. A global sensitivity analysis of the statistics computed over the sEMG signals according to variation of the HD-sEMG electrode grid is performed. Then, we proposed in collaboration a new HDsEMG/force relationship, using personalized simulated data of the Biceps Brachii from the electrical model and a Twitch based model to estimate a specific force profile corresponding to a specific sEMG sensor network and muscle configuration. To conclude, a deformableelectro-mechanicalmodelcouplingthetwoproposedmodelsisproposed. This deformable model updates the limb cylinder anatomy considering isovolumic assumption and respecting incompressible property of the muscle
Frak, Victor. "Etude de l'onde P300 somesthésique chez deux malades atteints d'asymbolie à la douleur." Mémoire, 1991. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2996/1/Frak.PDF.
Full textPaillard, Aurore. "Perception de l'horizon visuel en milieu d'hyperpesanteur : Rôle des systèmes oculomoteur, otolithique et somesthésique." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449574.
Full textDuquette, Marco. "Les mécanismes compensatoires du système commissural dans la somesthésie." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6333.
Full textArsenault, Marianne. "Étude des mécanismes psychophysiologiques de la modulation volontaire de la douleur par le biofeedback et la respiration." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9875.
Full textAlthough pain is a universal subjective expérience, the way of perceiving and interpreting it is modulated by multiple factors. Several cognitive interventions have proven effective in reducing pain in clinical and experimental conditions. This thesis will focus particularly on psychophysiological mechanisms involved in voluntary strategies of pain modulation. These strategies are relevant because they encourage an individual who suffers from pain conditions, to play an active role in the regulation of pain. The first study examines the effectiveness of biofeedback as a means of voluntary modulation of pain. This allows to determine whether to provide feedback to the amplitude of the RIII-reflex (evoked by electrical stimulation of the sural nerve) during a training induces the participant to adopt strategies for pain modulation and voluntarily activate descending inhibitory control mechanisms of pain. In order to specifically evaluate the changes induced by biofeedback, RIII reflex modulation and pain was compared in three groups (valid biofeedback, sham biofeedback and control group without feedback). In all three groups, participants were encouraged to use cognitive strategies of pain (attention, modulation of breathing, mental imagery and cognitive reappraisal) to increase or decrease their RIII reflex compared to their baseline. The results of our study indicate that the three groups were able to modulate their RIII reflex (p<0.001) as well as their pain évaluation (p<0.001) (intensity and unpleasantness). Biofeedback training was not required to obtain a modulation of the RIII-reflex and pain, suggesting that the use of these strategies may be sufficient to trigger mechanisms of pain control. The second study was interested in the influence of respiratory frequency and phase on spinal nociception, brain activity and perception of pain. Voluntary control of breathing is a common means of regulating emotions, and is frequently used in combination with other techniques (eg, relaxation, meditation) in order to regulate pain. Participants were asked to synchronize their breathing on the cues indicating the time of inspiration and expiration. Three breathing patterns were proposed (breathing at 0.1 Hz with 4 seconds inspiration, breathing at 0.1 Hz with 2 seconds inspiration and breathing at 0.2 Hz with 2 seconds inspiration). Half of stimuli were given during inspiration and the other half during expiration. To assess the effect of these manipulations, the amplitude of the RIII, the subjective evaluation of pain intensity and anxiety elicited by the shock and evoked potentials were measured. The results of this study demonstrate that pain intensity was not affected by the respiratory pattern (p = 0.3), but was statistically lower during inspiration compared to expiration (p = 0.02). A phase effect (p = 0.03) was also observed on evoked potentials during the breathing pattern 0.1 Hz with 2 seconds inspiration compared to the breathing pattern at 0.2 Hz. However, the amplitude of the RIII reflex was increased during inspiration (p = 0.02) compared to expiration. These results show that the manipulation of phase and frequency with paced respiration has a marginal effect on pain and anxiety ratings, as well as on brain activity and spinal nociception evoked by painful electrical stimulation. This suggests that other mechanisms contribute to the analgesic effects of relaxation and meditation. More broadly, our results indicate the need for further studies with more rigorous methodology to control for nonspecific treatment effects evaluated. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying each strategy would allow a better selection of the treatment as a function of individual differences and cost-benefit ratio associated to each treatment.