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Journal articles on the topic 'Somatosensory temporal discrimination'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Vuralli, Doga, H. Evren Boran, Bulent Cengiz, Ozlem Coskun, and Hayrunnisa Bolay. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination remains intact in tension-type headache whereas it is disrupted in migraine attacks." Cephalalgia 37, no. 13 (November 4, 2016): 1241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102416677050.

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Background and objective Somatosensory temporal discrimination was recently reported as prolonged during migraine attacks, which is consistent with disrupted sensorial perception in migraine. However, knowledge about central sensory processing in tension-type headache is still lacking. This prospective, controlled study aimed to investigate somatosensory temporal discrimination thresholds in tension-type headache. Methods The study included 10 tension-type headache patients, 10 migraine patients and 10 healthy volunteers without headache. Somatosensory temporal discrimination thresholds were evaluated during the headache attacks of tension-type headache and migraine patients. Results Somatosensory temporal discrimination thresholds of tension-type headache patients (39.0 ± 5.5 ms for the right hand and 40.6 ± 4.6 ms for the left hand) were significantly lower than those of episodic migraine patients (137.1 ± 35.8 ms for the right hand and 118.4 ± 34.3 ms for the left hand, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001 respectively), and comparable to those of healthy volunteers (38.6 ± 5.3 ms for the right hand and 38.3 ± 7.2 ms for the left hand, p = 0.79 and p = 0.45 respectively). Conclusion Central sensory processing, as tested by somatosensory temporal discrimination, was remarkably disrupted during the headache attacks in migraineurs, whereas it remained intact in the tension-type headache patients.

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2

Leodori, Giorgio, Alessandra Formica, Xiaoying Zhu, Antonella Conte, Daniele Belvisi, Giorgio Cruccu, Mark Hallett, and Alfredo Berardelli. "The third-stimulus temporal discrimination threshold: focusing on the temporal processing of sensory input within primary somatosensory cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 2311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00947.2016.

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The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) has been used in recent years to investigate time processing of sensory information, but little is known about the physiological correlates of somatosensory temporal discrimination. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the time interval required to discriminate between two stimuli varies according to the number of stimuli in the task. We used the third-stimulus temporal discrimination threshold (ThirdDT), defined as the shortest time interval at which an individual distinguishes a third stimulus following a pair of stimuli delivered at the STDT. The STDT and ThirdDT were assessed in 31 healthy subjects. In a subgroup of 10 subjects, we evaluated the effects of the stimuli intensity on the ThirdDT. In a subgroup of 16 subjects, we evaluated the effects of S1 continuous theta-burst stimulation (S1-cTBS) on the STDT and ThirdDT. Results show that ThirdDT is shorter than STDT. We found a positive correlation between STDT and ThirdDT values. As long as the stimulus intensity was within the perceivable and painless range, it did not affect ThirdDT values. S1-cTBS significantly affected both STDT and ThirdDT, although the latter was affected to a greater extent and for a longer period of time. We conclude that the interval needed to discriminate between time-separated tactile stimuli is related to the number of stimuli used in the task. STDT and ThirdDT are encoded in S1, probably by a shared tactile temporal encoding mechanism whose performance rapidly changes during the perception process. ThirdDT is a new method to measure somatosensory temporal discrimination. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To investigate whether the time interval required to discriminate between stimuli varies according to changes in the stimulation pattern, we used the third-stimulus temporal discrimination threshold (ThirdDT). We found that the somatosensory temporal discrimination acuity varies according to the number of stimuli in the task. The ThirdDT is a new method to measure somatosensory temporal discrimination and a possible index of inhibitory activity at the S1 level.

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3

Buyuktaskin, Dicle, Elvan Iseri, Esra Guney, Zafer Gunendi, and Bulent Cengiz. "Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination in Autism Spectrum Disorder." Autism Research 14, no. 4 (February 2021): 656–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aur.2479.

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4

Alessandra, Scontrini, Fabbrini Giovanni, Suppa Antonello, and Berardelli Alfredo. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination in patients with blepharospasm." Toxicon 51 (June 2008): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2008.04.061.

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5

Gunendi, Zafer, Musa Polat, Doga Vuralli, and Bulent Cengiz. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination is impaired in fibromyalgia." Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 60 (February 2019): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2018.10.067.

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6

Yoshida, Naoshin, Tomotaka Suzuki, Kakuya Ogahara, Toshio Higashi, and Kenichi Sugawara. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold changes during motor learning." Somatosensory & Motor Research 37, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08990220.2020.1830755.

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7

Boran, H. Evren, Bülent Cengiz, and Hayrunnisa Bolay. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination is prolonged during migraine attacks." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 56, no. 1 (December 18, 2015): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12734.

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8

Rocchi, Lorenzo, Elias Casula, Pierluigi Tocco, Alfredo Berardelli, and John Rothwell. "Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination Threshold Involves Inhibitory Mechanisms in the Primary Somatosensory Area." Journal of Neuroscience 36, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2008-15.2016.

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9

Karim, Ahmed A., Anne Schüler, Yiwen Li Hegner, Eva Friedel, and Ben Godde. "Facilitating Effect of 15-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Tactile Perceptual Learning." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 9 (September 2006): 1577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.9.1577.

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Recent neuroimaging studies have revealed that tactile perceptual learning can lead to substantial reorganizational changes of the brain. We report here for the first time that combining high-frequency (15 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) with tactile discrimination training is capable of facilitating operant perceptual learning. Most notably, increasing the excitability of SI by 15-Hz rTMS improved perceptual learning in spatial, but not in temporal, discrimination tasks. These findings give causal support to recent correlative data obtained by functional magnetic resonance imaging studies indicating a differential role of SI in spatial and temporal discrimination learning. The introduced combination of rTMS and tactile discrimination training may provide new therapeutical potentials in facilitating neuropsychological rehabilitation of functional deficits after lesions of the somatosensory cortex.

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10

D’Antonio, Fabrizia, Maria Ilenia De Bartolo, Gina Ferrazzano, Alessandro Trebbastoni, Sara Amicarelli, Alessandra Campanelli, Carlo de Lena, Alfredo Berardelli, and Antonella Conte. "Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination Threshold in Patients with Cognitive Disorders." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 70, no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-190385.

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11

Planetta, Peggy J., and Philip Servos. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination learning generalizes to motor interval production." Brain Research 1233 (October 2008): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.07.081.

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12

Akatsuka, Kosuke, Toshiaki Wasaka, Hiroki Nakata, Koji Inui, Minoru Hoshiyama, and Ryusuke Kakigi. "Mismatch responses related to temporal discrimination of somatosensory stimulation." Clinical Neurophysiology 116, no. 8 (August 2005): 1930–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2005.04.021.

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13

Scontrini, A., A. Conte, G. Defazio, M. Fiorio, G. Fabbrini, A. Suppa, M. Tinazzi, and A. Berardelli. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination in patients with primary focal dystonia." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 80, no. 12 (June 18, 2009): 1315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2009.178236.

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14

Antelmi, Elena, Roberto Erro, Lorenzo Rocchi, Rocco Liguori, Michele Tinazzi, Flavio Di Stasio, Alfredo Berardelli, John C. Rothwell, and Kailash P. Bhatia. "Neurophysiological correlates of abnormal somatosensory temporal discrimination in dystonia." Movement Disorders 32, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.26804.

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15

Bolognini, Nadia, Costanza Papagno, Daniela Moroni, and Angelo Maravita. "Tactile Temporal Processing in the Auditory Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 6 (June 2010): 1201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21267.

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Perception of the outside world results from integration of information simultaneously derived via multiple senses. Increasing evidence suggests that the neural underpinnings of multisensory integration extend into the early stages of sensory processing. In the present study, we investigated whether the superior temporal gyrus (STG), an auditory modality-specific area, is critical for processing tactile events. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied over the left STG and the left primary somatosensory cortex (SI) at different time intervals (60, 120, and 180 msec) during a tactile temporal discrimination task (Experiment 1) and a tactile spatial discrimination task (Experiment 2). Tactile temporal processing was disrupted when TMS was applied to SI at 60 msec after tactile presentation, confirming the modality specificity of this region. Crucially, TMS over STG also affected tactile temporal processing but at 180 msec delay. In both cases, the impairment was limited to the contralateral touches and was due to reduced perceptual sensitivity. In contrary, tactile spatial processing was impaired only by TMS over SI at 60–120 msec. These findings demonstrate the causal involvement of auditory areas in processing the duration of somatosensory events, suggesting that STG might play a supramodal role in temporal perception. Furthermore, the involvement of auditory cortex in somatosensory processing supports the view that multisensory integration occurs at an early stage of cortical processing.

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16

Conte, A., N. Modugno, F. Lena, S. Dispenza, B. Gandolfi, E. Iezzi, G. Fabbrini, and A. Berardelli. "Subthalamic nucleus stimulation and somatosensory temporal discrimination in Parkinson's disease." Brain 133, no. 9 (August 27, 2010): 2656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq191.

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17

Fiorio, Mirta, Mehran Emadi Andani, Serena Recchia, and Michele Tinazzi. "The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold changes after a placebo procedure." Experimental Brain Research 236, no. 11 (August 14, 2018): 2983–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-018-5357-5.

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18

Narayan, Rajiv, Gilberto Graña, and Kamal Sen. "Distinct Time Scales in Cortical Discrimination of Natural Sounds in Songbirds." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 1 (July 2006): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01257.2005.

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Understanding how single cortical neurons discriminate between sensory stimuli is fundamental to providing a link between cortical neural responses and perception. The discrimination of sensory stimuli by cortical neurons has been intensively investigated in the visual and somatosensory systems. However, relatively little is known about discrimination of sounds by auditory cortical neurons. Auditory cortex plays a particularly important role in the discrimination of complex sounds, e.g., vocal communication sounds. The rich dynamic structure of such complex sounds on multiple time scales motivates two questions regarding cortical discrimination. How does discrimination depend on the temporal resolution of the cortical response? How does discrimination accuracy evolve over time? Here we investigate these questions in field L, the analogue of primary auditory cortex in zebra finches, analyzing temporal resolution and temporal integration in the discrimination of conspecific songs (songs of the bird's own species) for both anesthetized and awake subjects. We demonstrate the existence of distinct time scales for temporal resolution and temporal integration and explain how they arise from cortical neural responses to complex dynamic sounds.

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19

Ferrazzano, Gina, Viviana Frantellizzi, Maria Ilenia De Bartolo, Maria Silvia De Feo, Antonella Conte, Giovanni Fabbrini, Giuseppe De Vincentis, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Isolated head tremor: A DAT-SPECT and somatosensory temporal discrimination study." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 81 (December 2020): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.10.015.

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20

Rocchi, L., A. Conte, M. Bologna, P. Li Voti, E. Millefiorini, A. Cortese, S. Pontecorvo, and A. Berardelli. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold is impaired in patients with multiple sclerosis." Clinical Neurophysiology 127, no. 4 (April 2016): 1940–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2016.01.010.

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21

Manganelli, F., C. Pisciotta, R. Dubbioso, R. Iodice, M. Esposito, L. Ruggiero, and L. Santoro. "P14.20 Theta burst stimulation of cerebellum interferes with somatosensory temporal discrimination." Clinical Neurophysiology 122 (June 2011): S126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60448-3.

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22

Manganelli, Fiore, Raffaele Dubbioso, Chiara Pisciotta, Antonella Antenora, Maria Nolano, Giuseppe De Michele, Alessandro Filla, Alfredo Berardelli, and Lucio Santoro. "Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination Threshold Is Increased in Patients with Cerebellar Atrophy." Cerebellum 12, no. 4 (January 5, 2013): 456–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12311-012-0435-x.

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23

Conte, Antonella, Lorenzo Rocchi, Andrea Nardella, Sabrina Dispenza, Alessandra Scontrini, Nashaba Khan, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Theta-Burst Stimulation-Induced Plasticity over Primary Somatosensory Cortex Changes Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination in Healthy Humans." PLoS ONE 7, no. 3 (March 7, 2012): e32979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032979.

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24

Conte, Antonella, Gina Ferrazzano, Daniele Belvisi, Nicoletta Manzo, Antonio Suppa, Giovanni Fabbrini, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Does the Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination Threshold Change over Time in Focal Dystonia?" Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9848070.

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Background. The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) is defined as the shortest interval at which an individual recognizes two stimuli as asynchronous. Some evidence suggests that STDT depends on cortical inhibitory interneurons in the basal ganglia and in primary somatosensory cortex. Several studies have reported that the STDT in patients with dystonia is abnormal. No longitudinal studies have yet investigated whether STDT values in different forms of focal dystonia change during the course of the disease.Methods. We designed a follow-up study on 25 patients with dystonia (15 with blepharospasm and 10 with cervical dystonia) who were tested twice: upon enrolment and 8 years later. STDT values from dystonic patients at the baseline were also compared with those from a group of 30 age-matched healthy subjects.Results. Our findings show that the abnormally high STDT values observed in patients with focal dystonia remained unchanged at the 8-year follow-up assessment whereas disease severity worsened.Conclusions. Our observation that STDT abnormalities in dystonia remain unmodified during the course of the disease suggests that the altered activity of inhibitory interneurons—either at cortical or at subcortical level—responsible for the increased STDT does not deteriorate as the disease progresses.

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Mima, Tatsuya, Takashi Nagamine, Kaori Nakamura, and Hiroshi Shibasaki. "Attention Modulates Both Primary and Second Somatosensory Cortical Activities in Humans: A Magnetoencephalographic Study." Journal of Neurophysiology 80, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 2215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.80.4.2215.

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Mima, Tatsuya, Takashi Nagamine, Kaori Nakamura, and Hiroshi Shibasaki. Attention modulates both primary and second somatosensory cortical activities in humans: a magnetoencephalographic study. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2215–2221, 1998. To clarify the role of primary and second somatosensory cortex (SI and SII) in somatosensory discrimination, we recorded somatosensory evoked magnetic fields during a stimulus strength discrimination task. The temporal pattern of cortical activation was analyzed by dipole source model coregistered with magnetic resonance image. Stimulus intensity was represented in SI as early as 20 ms after the stimulus presentation. The later components of SI response (latency 37.7 and 67.9 ms) were enhanced by rarely presented stimuli (stimulus deviancy) during passive and active attention. This supports an early haptic memory mechanism in human primary sensory cortex. Contra- and ipsilateral SII responses followed the SI responses (latency 124.6 and 138.3 ms, respectively) and were enhanced by attention more prominently than the SI responses. Active attention increased SII but not SI activity. These results are consistent with the concept of ventral somatosensory pathway that SI and SII are hierarchically organized for passive and active detection of discrete stimuli.

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26

Lee, Conrad C. Y., Colin W. G. Clifford, and Ehsan Arabzadeh. "Temporal cueing enhances neuronal and behavioral discrimination performance in rat whisker system." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 1048–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00604.2018.

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Since sensory systems operate with a finite quantity of processing resources, an animal would benefit from prioritizing processing of sensory stimuli within a time window that is expected to provide key information. This behavioral manifestation of such prioritization is known as attention. Here, we investigate attention with temporal cueing and its neuronal correlates in the rat primary vibrissal somatosensory (vS1) cortex. Rats were trained in a simple whisker vibration detection task. A vibration was presented at one of two spatial locations (left or right), sometimes after an unknown time interval and sometimes after receiving an auditory cue. The auditory cue provided temporal but not spatial information about the vibration. We found that for all rats ( n = 6), the auditory cue consistently enhanced detection of the vibration stimulus. Neuronal activity in vS1 cortex reflected the observed behavioral enhancement from temporal cueing with single units responded differentially to the whisker vibration stimulus when it was temporally predicted by the auditory cue, exhibiting an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio. Our findings indicate that rats are capable of prioritizing processing within a specified time window and provide evidence that the primary sensory cortex may participate in the temporal allocation of resources. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate a novel paradigm of temporal cueing in rats. In a two-alternative whisker detection task, an auditory cue provided information about the timing of the stimulus but not the correct choice. In the presence of cue, detection was faster and more accurate, and neuronal activity from the primary somatosensory cortex revealed enhanced representation of vibrations. These results thus establish the rat as an alternative model organism to primates for studying temporal attention.

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27

Conte, Antonella, Giorgio Leodori, Gina Ferrazzano, Maria I. De Bartolo, Nicoletta Manzo, Giovanni Fabbrini, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold in Parkinson’s disease parallels disease severity and duration." Clinical Neurophysiology 127, no. 9 (September 2016): 2985–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2016.06.026.

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28

Conte, Antonella, Lorenzo Rocchi, Gina Ferrazzano, Giorgio Leodori, Matteo Bologna, Pietro Li Voti, Andrea Nardella, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Primary somatosensory cortical plasticity and tactile temporal discrimination in focal hand dystonia." Clinical Neurophysiology 125, no. 3 (March 2014): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2013.08.006.

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29

Hipp, Joerg, Wolfgang Einhäuser, Jörg Conradt, and Peter König. "Learning of somatosensory representations for texture discrimination using a temporal coherence principle." Network: Computation in Neural Systems 16, no. 2-3 (January 2005): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09548980500361582.

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30

Vuralli, Doga, H. Evren Boran, Bulent Cengiz, Ozlem Coskun, and Hayrunnisa Bolay. "Chronic Migraine Is Associated With Sustained Elevation of Somatosensory Temporal Discrimination Thresholds." Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain 56, no. 9 (September 16, 2016): 1439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.12947.

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31

Conte, Antonella, Gina Ferrazzano, Nicoletta Manzo, Giorgio Leodori, Giovanni Fabbrini, Alfonso Fasano, Michele Tinazzi, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination in essential tremor and isolated head and voice tremors." Movement Disorders 30, no. 6 (March 4, 2015): 822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.26163.

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32

Foffani, Guglielmo, John K. Chapin, and Karen A. Moxon. "Computational Role of Large Receptive Fields in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 1 (July 2008): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01015.2007.

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Computational studies are challenging the intuitive view that neurons with broad tuning curves are necessarily less discriminative than neurons with sharp tuning curves. In the context of somatosensory processing, broad tuning curves are equivalent to large receptive fields. To clarify the computational role of large receptive fields for cortical processing of somatosensory information, we recorded ensembles of single neurons from the infragranular forelimb/forepaw region of the rat primary somatosensory cortex while tactile stimuli were separately delivered to different locations on the forelimbs/forepaws under light anesthesia. We specifically adopted the perspective of individual columns/segregates receiving inputs from multiple body location. Using single-trial analyses of many single-neuron responses, we obtained two main results. 1) The responses of even small populations of neurons recorded from within the same estimated column/segregate can be used to discriminate between stimuli delivered to different surround locations in the excitatory receptive fields. 2) The temporal precision of surround responses is sufficiently high for spike timing to add information over spike count in the discrimination between surround locations. This surround spike-timing code (i) is particularly informative when spike count is ambiguous, e.g., in the discrimination between close locations or when receptive fields are large, (ii) becomes progressively more informative as the number of neurons increases, (iii) is a first-spike code, and (iv) is not limited by the assumption that the time of stimulus onset is known. These results suggest that even though large receptive fields result in a loss of spatial selectivity of single neurons, they can provide as a counterpart a sophisticated temporal code based on latency differences in large populations of neurons without necessarily sacrificing basic information about stimulus location.

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Williams, L., J. S. Butler, S. O'Riordan, S. Skeehan, C. Collins, and M. Hutchinson. "Response to “isolated head tremor: A DAT SPECT and somatosensory temporal discrimination study.”." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 87 (June 2021): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.05.023.

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Di Biasio, F., A. Conte, M. Bologna, E. Iezzi, L. Rocchi, N. Modugno, and A. Berardelli. "Does the cerebellum intervene in the abnormal somatosensory temporal discrimination in Parkinson's disease?" Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 21, no. 7 (July 2015): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.04.004.

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35

Conte, Antonella, Daniele Belvisi, Nicoletta Manzo, Matteo Bologna, Francesca Barone, Matteo Tartaglia, Neeraj Upadhyay, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Understanding the link between somatosensory temporal discrimination and movement execution in healthy subjects." Physiological Reports 4, no. 18 (September 2016): e12899. http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12899.

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Baione, Viola, Daniele Belvisi, Sebastiano Giuseppe Crisafulli, Matteo Tartaglia, Giorgio Leodori, Gina Ferrazzano, and Antonella Conte. "Is somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold a biomarker of disease progression in multiple sclerosis?" Clinical Neurophysiology 131, no. 12 (December 2020): 2935–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2020.09.012.

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37

Scontrini, Alessandra, Antonella Conte, Giovanni Fabbrini, Carlo Colosimo, Flavio Di Stasio, Gina Ferrazzano, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination tested in patients receiving botulinum toxin injection for cervical dystonia." Movement Disorders 26, no. 4 (December 13, 2010): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.23447.

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Arpin, David J., James E. Gehringer, Tony W. Wilson, and Max J. Kurz. "A reduced somatosensory gating response in individuals with multiple sclerosis is related to walking impairment." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 2052–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00260.2017.

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When identical stimuli are presented in rapid temporal succession, neural responses to the second stimulation are often weaker than those observed for the first. This phenomenon is termed sensory gating and is believed to be an adaptive feature that helps prevent higher-order cortical centers from being flooded with unnecessary information. Recently, sensory gating in the somatosensory system has been linked to deficits in tactile discrimination. Additionally, studies have linked poor tactile discrimination with impaired walking and balance in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we examine the neural basis of somatosensory gating in patients with MS and healthy controls and assess the relationship between somatosensory gating and walking performance. We used magnetoencephalography to record neural responses to paired-pulse electrical stimulation applied to the right posterior tibial nerve. All participants also walked across a digital mat, which recorded their spatiotemporal gait kinematics. Our results showed the amplitude of the response to the second stimulation was sharply reduced only in controls, resulting in a significantly reduced somatosensory gating in the patients with MS. No group differences were observed in the amplitude of the response to the first stimulation nor the latency of the neural response to either the first or second stimulation. Interestingly, the altered somatosensory gating responses were correlated with aberrant spatiotemporal gait kinematics in the patients with MS. These results suggest that inhibitory GABA circuits may be altered in patients with MS, which impacts somatosensory gating and contributes to the motor performance deficits seen in these patients. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We aimed to determine whether somatosensory gating in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) differed compared with healthy controls and whether a relationship exists between somatosensory gating and walking performance. We found reduced somatosensory gating responses in patients with MS, and these altered somatosensory gating responses were correlated with the mobility impairments. These novel findings show that somatosensory gating is impaired in patients with MS and is related to the mobility impairments seen in these patients.

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Avanzino, Laura, Amel Cherif, Oscar Crisafulli, Federico Carbone, Jacopo Zenzeri, Pietro Morasso, Giovanni Abbruzzese, Elisa Pelosin, and Jürgen Konczak. "Tactile and proprioceptive dysfunction differentiates cervical dystonia with and without tremor." Neurology 94, no. 6 (January 14, 2020): e639-e650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000008916.

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ObjectiveTo determine whether different phenotypes of cervical dystonia (CD) express different types and levels of somatosensory impairment.MethodsWe assessed somatosensory function in patients with CD with and without tremor (n = 12 each) and in healthy age-matched controls (n = 22) by measuring tactile temporal discrimination thresholds of the nondystonic forearm and proprioceptive acuity in both the dystonic (head/neck) and nondystonic body segments (forearm/hand) using a joint position‐matching task. The head or the wrist was passively displaced along different axes to distinct joint positions by the experimenter or through a robotic exoskeleton. Participants actively reproduced the experienced joint position, and the absolute joint position‐matching error between the target and the reproduced positions served as a marker of proprioceptive acuity.ResultsTactile temporal discrimination thresholds were significantly elevated in both CD subgroups compared to controls. Proprioceptive acuity of both the dystonic and nondystonic body segments was elevated in patients with CD and tremor with respect to both healthy controls and patients with CD without tremor. That is, tactile abnormalities were a shared dysfunction of both CD phenotypes, while proprioceptive dysfunction was observed in patients with CD with tremor.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the pathophysiology in CD can be characterized by 2 abnormal neural processes: a dysfunctional somatosensory gating mechanism involving the basal ganglia that triggers involuntary muscle spasms and abnormal processing of proprioceptive information within a defective corticocerebellar loop, likely affecting the feedback and feedforward control of head positioning. This dysfunction is expressed mainly in CD with tremor.

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Bolognini, Nadia, Carlo Cecchetto, Carlo Geraci, Angelo Maravita, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, and Costanza Papagno. "Hearing Shapes Our Perception of Time: Temporal Discrimination of Tactile Stimuli in Deaf People." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 2 (February 2012): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00135.

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Confronted with the loss of one type of sensory input, we compensate using information conveyed by other senses. However, losing one type of sensory information at specific developmental times may lead to deficits across all sensory modalities. We addressed the effect of auditory deprivation on the development of tactile abilities, taking into account changes occurring at the behavioral and cortical level. Congenitally deaf and hearing individuals performed two tactile tasks, the first requiring the discrimination of the temporal duration of touches and the second requiring the discrimination of their spatial length. Compared with hearing individuals, deaf individuals were impaired only in tactile temporal processing. To explore the neural substrate of this difference, we ran a TMS experiment. In deaf individuals, the auditory association cortex was involved in temporal and spatial tactile processing, with the same chronometry as the primary somatosensory cortex. In hearing participants, the involvement of auditory association cortex occurred at a later stage and selectively for temporal discrimination. The different chronometry in the recruitment of the auditory cortex in deaf individuals correlated with the tactile temporal impairment. Thus, early hearing experience seems to be crucial to develop an efficient temporal processing across modalities, suggesting that plasticity does not necessarily result in behavioral compensation.

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Conte, Antonella, Gina Ferrazzano, Daniele Belvisi, Nicoletta Manzo, Emanuele Battista, Pietro Li Voti, Andrea Nardella, Giovanni Fabbrini, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Somatosensory temporal discrimination in Parkinson’s disease, dystonia and essential tremor: Pathophysiological and clinical implications." Clinical Neurophysiology 129, no. 9 (September 2018): 1849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2018.05.024.

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Baumgarten, Thomas J., Alfons Schnitzler, and Joachim Lange. "Beta oscillations define discrete perceptual cycles in the somatosensory domain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 39 (August 31, 2015): 12187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1501438112.

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Whether seeing a movie, listening to a song, or feeling a breeze on the skin, we coherently experience these stimuli as continuous, seamless percepts. However, there are rare perceptual phenomena that argue against continuous perception but, instead, suggest discrete processing of sensory input. Empirical evidence supporting such a discrete mechanism, however, remains scarce and comes entirely from the visual domain. Here, we demonstrate compelling evidence for discrete perceptual sampling in the somatosensory domain. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a tactile temporal discrimination task in humans, we find that oscillatory alpha- and low beta-band (8–20 Hz) cycles in primary somatosensory cortex represent neurophysiological correlates of discrete perceptual cycles. Our results agree with several theoretical concepts of discrete perceptual sampling and empirical evidence of perceptual cycles in the visual domain. Critically, these results show that discrete perceptual cycles are not domain-specific, and thus restricted to the visual domain, but extend to the somatosensory domain.

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Ferrazzano, Gina, Viviana Frantellizzi, Maria Ilenia De Bartolo, Maria Silvia De Feo, Antonella Conte, Giovanni Fabbrini, Giuseppe De Vincentis, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Response to “Response to isolated head tremor: A DAT-SPECT and somatosensory temporal discrimination study”." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 87 (June 2021): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.05.025.

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Lee, Myung Sik, Myung Jun Lee, Antonella Conte, and Alfredo Berardelli. "Abnormal somatosensory temporal discrimination in Parkinson’s disease: Pathophysiological correlates and role in motor control deficits." Clinical Neurophysiology 129, no. 2 (February 2018): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2017.11.022.

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Boehme, Rebecca, Steven Hauser, Gregory J. Gerling, Markus Heilig, and Håkan Olausson. "Distinction of self-produced touch and social touch at cortical and spinal cord levels." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 6 (January 22, 2019): 2290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816278116.

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Differentiation between self-produced tactile stimuli and touch by others is necessary for social interactions and for a coherent concept of “self.” The mechanisms underlying this distinction are unknown. Here, we investigated the distinction between self- and other-produced light touch in healthy volunteers using three different approaches: fMRI, behavioral testing, and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) at spinal and cortical levels. Using fMRI, we found self–other differentiation in somatosensory and sociocognitive areas. Other-touch was related to activation in several areas, including somatosensory cortex, insula, superior temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, striatum, amygdala, cerebellum, and prefrontal cortex. During self-touch, we instead found deactivation in insula, anterior cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and prefrontal areas. Deactivation extended into brain areas encoding low-level sensory representations, including thalamus and brainstem. These findings were replicated in a second cohort. During self-touch, the sensorimotor cortex was functionally connected to the insula, and the threshold for detection of an additional tactile stimulus was elevated. Differential encoding of self- vs. other-touch during fMRI correlated with the individual self-concept strength. In SEP, cortical amplitudes were reduced during self-touch, while latencies at cortical and spinal levels were faster for other-touch. We thus demonstrated a robust self–other distinction in brain areas related to somatosensory, social cognitive, and interoceptive processing. Signs of this distinction were evident at the spinal cord. Our results provide a framework for future studies in autism, schizophrenia, and emotionally unstable personality disorder, conditions where symptoms include social touch avoidance and poor self-vs.-other discrimination.

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Li Hegner, Yiwen, Ralf Saur, Ralf Veit, Raymond Butts, Susanne Leiberg, Wolfgang Grodd, and Christoph Braun. "BOLD Adaptation in Vibrotactile Stimulation: Neuronal Networks Involved in Frequency Discrimination." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 1 (January 2007): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00617.2006.

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The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated human brain regions subserving the discrimination of vibrotactile frequency. An event-related adaptation paradigm was used in which blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses are lower to same compared with different pairs of stimuli (BOLD adaptation). This adaptation effect serves as an indicator for feature-specific responding of neuronal subpopulations. Subjects had to discriminate two vibrotactile stimuli sequentially applied with a delay of 600 ms to their left middle fingertip. The stimulus frequency was in the flutter range of 18–26 Hz. In half of the trials, the two stimuli possessed identical frequency (same), whereas in the other half, a frequency difference of ±2 Hz was used (diff). As a result, BOLD adaptation was observed in the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1), precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus (STG); ipsilateral insula as well as bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex and supplementary motor area. When statistically comparing the BOLD time courses between same and diff trials in these cortical areas, it was found that the vibrotactile BOLD adaptation is initiated in the contralateral S1 and STG simultaneously. These findings suggest that the cortical areas responsive to the frequency difference between two serially presented stimuli sequentially process the frequency of a vibrotactile stimulus and constitute a putative neuronal network underlying human vibrotactile frequency discrimination.

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Burton, Harold, and Robert J. Sinclair. "Representation of tactile roughness in thalamus and somatosensory cortex." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): 546–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-079.

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Neuronal responses were recorded in the thalamic ventroposterior lateral nucleus and primary and secondary somatosensory cortical areas of two rhesus monkeys performing a tactile discrimination task. The subjects actively stroked their fingertips over gratings that varied in groove width. Many cells in each location displayed average firing rates that incrementally reflected groove width dimensions (0.5–2.9 mm). Approximately 10% of cortical cells were more active to surfaces with narrower grooves, i.e., had negative graded response functions. All thalamic cells and ~50% of cortical cells with positive graded functions to gratings also showed increased responsiveness to contact force. Some cells also varied their activity with stroke speed. Many thalamic, a few primary somatosensory cortical cells, and no secondary somatosensory cortical cells showed periodic firing patterns that reflected the spatial–temporal frequency of stimulation. Responses to gratings of nearly every cell with negative graded responses and the remaining cortical cells with positive functions were independent of contact force and stroke velocity. The results only partially confirm predictions based on different models of texture perception that propose spatial, intensive, or cross modal neural codes. Negative graded response functions may require a form of spatial convergence across a cell's receptive field that has not previously been discussed by these models.Key words: active touch, roughness perception, somatosensory system, primates.

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Malcolm, Brenda, Karen Reilly, Jérémie Mattout, Roméo Salemme, Olivier Bertrand, Michael S. Beauchamp, Tony Ro, and Alessandro Farnè. "The hands have it: Hand specific vision of touch enhances touch perception and somatosensory evoked potential." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646659.

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Our ability to accurately discriminate information from one sensory modality is often influenced by information from the other senses. Previous research indicates that tactile perception on the hand may be enhanced if participants look at a hand (compared to a neutral object) and if visual information about the origin of touch conveys temporal and/or spatial congruency. The current experiment further assessed the effects of non-informative vision on tactile perception. Participants made speeded discrimination responses (digit 2 or digit 5 of their right hand) to supra-threshold electro-cutaneous stimulation while viewing a video showing a pointer, in a static position or moving (dynamic), towards the same or different digit of a hand or to the corresponding spatial location on a non-corporeal object (engine). Therefore, besides manipulating whether a visual contact was spatially congruent to the simultaneously felt touch, we also manipulated the nature of the recipient object (hand vs. engine). Behaviourally, the temporal cues provided by the dynamic visual information about an upcoming touch decreased reaction times. Additionally, a greater enhancement in tactile discrimination was present when participants viewed a spatially congruent contact compared to a spatially incongruent contact. Most importantly, this visually driven improvement was greater for the view-hand condition compared to the view-object condition. Spatially-congruent, hand-specific visual events also produced the greatest amplitude in the P50 somatosensory evoked potential (SEP). We conclude that tactile perception is enhanced when vision provides non-predictive spatio-temporal cues and that these effects are specifically enhanced when viewing a hand.

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Rossi-Pool, Román, Emilio Salinas, Antonio Zainos, Manuel Alvarez, José Vergara, Néstor Parga, and Ranulfo Romo. "Emergence of an abstract categorical code enabling the discrimination of temporally structured tactile stimuli." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 49 (November 21, 2016): E7966—E7975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618196113.

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The problem of neural coding in perceptual decision making revolves around two fundamental questions: (i) How are the neural representations of sensory stimuli related to perception, and (ii) what attributes of these neural responses are relevant for downstream networks, and how do they influence decision making? We studied these two questions by recording neurons in primary somatosensory (S1) and dorsal premotor (DPC) cortex while trained monkeys reported whether the temporal pattern structure of two sequential vibrotactile stimuli (of equal mean frequency) was the same or different. We found that S1 neurons coded the temporal patterns in a literal way and only during the stimulation periods and did not reflect the monkeys’ decisions. In contrast, DPC neurons coded the stimulus patterns as broader categories and signaled them during the working memory, comparison, and decision periods. These results show that the initial sensory representation is transformed into an intermediate, more abstract categorical code that combines past and present information to ultimately generate a perceptually informed choice.

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Li Hegner, Yiwen, Ying Lee, Wolfgang Grodd, and Christoph Braun. "Comparing Tactile Pattern and Vibrotactile Frequency Discrimination: A Human fMRI Study." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 6 (June 2010): 3115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00940.2009.

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We investigated to which extent the discrimination of tactile patterns and vibrotactile frequencies share common cortical areas. An adaptation paradigm has been used to identify cortical areas specific for processing particular features of tactile stimuli. Healthy right-handed subjects performed a delayed-match-to-sample (DMTS) task discriminating between pairs of tactile patterns or vibrotactile frequencies in separate functional MRI sessions. The tactile stimuli were presented to the right middle fingertip sequentially with a 5.5 s delay. Regions of interest (ROIs) were defined by cortical areas commonly activated in both tasks and those that showed differential activation between both tasks. Results showed recruitment of many common brain regions along the sensory motor pathway (such as bilateral somatosensory, premotor areas, and anterior insula) in both tasks. Three cortical areas, the right intraparietal sulcus (IPS), supramarginal gyrus (SMG)/parietal operculum (PO), and PO, were significantly more activated during the pattern than in the frequency task. Further BOLD time course analysis was performed in the ROIs. Significant BOLD adaptation was found in bilateral IPS, right anterior insula, and SMG/PO in the pattern task, whereas there was no significant BOLD adaptation found in the frequency task. In addition, the right hemisphere was found to be more dominant in the pattern than in the frequency task, which could be attributed to the differences between spatial (pattern) and temporal (frequency) processing. From the different spatio-temporal characteristics of BOLD activation in the pattern and frequency tasks, we concluded that different neuronal mechanisms are underlying the tactile spatial and temporal processing.

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