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Journal articles on the topic 'Somatoform disorders'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Tkhostov, A., E. Rasskazova, and I. Belokrylov. "Comparative effectiveness of group-analysis therapy and psychoeducation in patients with different somatoform disorders." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.493.

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Introduction Psychological interventions including group analysis (Leichsenring et al., 2015, Beutel et al., 2008) are effective with patients having somatoform disorders. Objectives To reveal differences in dynamics of pathological bodily sensations, quality of life, illness representation in patients with somatoform disorders undergoing group analysis and psychoeducation program. Methods 100 patients with somatoform disorders (undifferentiated somatoform disorder – 42, somatization disorder – 10, somatoform autonomic disfunction – 36, persistent somatoform pain disorder and other SD – 12) were randomly assigned randomized to psychoeducation intervention and to the group analysis psychotherapy. Before and after treatment they filled Screening for somatoforms symptoms (Rief, Hiller, 2003), Illness Perception Questionnaire - Revised (Moss-Morris et al., 2002), Cognitions About Body And Health Questionnaire (Rief et al., 1998), Scale for the Assessment of Illness Behaviour (Rief et al., 2003), Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnairie-18 (Ritsner et al., 2005). Results In both conditions decrease in complaints was the most in patients with undifferentiated somatoform disorder and the least in somatoform autonomic disfunction (F=6.19, p<.01, η²=.17). In patients with somatization disorder there was the most increase in quality of life in leisure time, beliefs about intolerance to bodily sensations, rechecking the diagnosis (F=3.32-4.87, p<.05, η²=.10-.14). Decrease in beliefs about bodily weakness, illness consequences was the most prominent in patients with somatization disorder undergoing group therapy (F=2.90-4.46, p<.05, η²=.09-.13). Conclusions Patients with undifferentiated somatoform disorder demonstrate most clinical improvement in interventions while patients with somatization disorder – the most psychological improvement. Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00799. Disclosure Research is supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project No. 20-013-00799.

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Nijenhuis, Ellert R. S., Richard van Dyck, Philip Spinhoven, Onno van der Hart, Marlene Chatrou, Johan Vanderlinden, and Franny Moene. "Somatoform Dissociation Discriminates Among Diagnostic Categories Over and Above General Psychopathology." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 4 (August 1999): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00601.x.

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Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that somatoform dissociation would differentiate among specific diagnostic categories after controlling for general psychopathology. Method: The Somatoform Dissocation Questionnaire (SDQ-20), the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Symptom Checklist-90-R were completed by patients with DSM-IV diagnoses of dissociative disorders (n = 44), somatoform disorders (n = 47), eating disorders (n = 50), bipolar mood disorder (n = 23), and a group of consecutive psychiatric outpatients with other psychiatric disorders (n = 45), mainly including anxiety disorders, depression, and adjustment disorder. Results: The SDQ-20 significantly differentiated among diagnostic groups in the hypothesised order of increasing somatoform dissociation, both before and after statistically controlling for general psychopathology. Somatoform dissociation was extreme in dissociative identity disorder, high in dissociative disorder, not otherwise specified, and increased in somatoform disorders, as well as in a subgroup of patients with eating disorders. In contrast with somatoform dissociation, psychological dissociation did not discriminate between bipolar mood disorder and somato form disorders. Conclusions: Somatoform dissociation is a unique construct that discriminates among diagnostic categories. It is highly characteristic of dissociative disorder patients, a core feature in many patients with somatoform disorders, and an important symptom cluster in a subgroup of patients with eating disorders., dissociation

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3

Black, Donald W. "Somatoform Disorders." Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice 14, no. 4 (December 1987): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(21)01040-x.

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4

Reid, Steven, and Simon Wessely. "Somatoform disorders." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 12, no. 2 (March 1999): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199903000-00004.

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LaFrance, W. "Somatoform Disorders." Seminars in Neurology 29, no. 03 (June 23, 2009): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1223875.

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Santo, Helena Maria Amaral do Espirito, and José Luís Pio-Abreu. "Dissociative disorders and other psychopathological groups: exploring the differences through the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20)." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 29, no. 4 (May 8, 2007): 354–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462006005000039.

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OBJECTIVE: The Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire is a self-report questionnaire that has proven to be a reliable and valid instrument. The objectives of this study were to validate the Portuguese version and to determine its capability to distinguish patients with dissociative disorders from others with psychopathological disorders. METHOD: 234 patients answered the translated version of Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire. The Portuguese Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule was used to validate clinical diagnosis. Patients with dissociative disorder (n = 113) were compared to a control group of 121 patients with various anxiety and depression disorders. RESULTS: Reliability measured by Cronbach's a was 0.88. The best performance of the Portuguese form was at a cut-off point of 35, which distinguishes between dissociative disorder and neurotic disorders with a good diagnostic efficacy (sensitivity = 0.73). The somatoform dissociation was significantly more frequent in dissociative disorder patients, conversion disorder patients and post-traumatic stress disorder patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that dissociative disorders can be differentiated from other psychiatric disorders through somatoform dissociation. The Portuguese version of the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire has fine psychometric features that sustain its cross-cultural validity.

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Abbass, Allan. "Book Review: Somatoform Disorders: Somatoform Disorders: A Medicolegal Guide." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 50, no. 13 (November 2005): 871–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370505001313.

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8

Das, Anupam, Arpan Kumar Basak, Choity Malakar, and Md Zulfikar Ali. "Effects of Stressful Life Events on Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders." KYAMC Journal 13, no. 2 (September 5, 2022): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v13i2.61332.

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Background: Somatoform and dissociative disorder categories have emerged from a common root, there was no apparent anatomical and physiological basis and which had a temporal relationship to a precipitating event. Objectives: To evaluate and compare of stressful life events of the patients of somatoform disorders and dissociative disorders. Materials and methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study carried out in the outpatient department of Psychiatry, Khwaja Yunus Ali Medical College, Sirajganj. The study populations were 100 somatoform disorder and 100 dissociative disorder patients. Data were collected by pre-designed data collection sheet. Then data were edited, cleaned and analyzed. Results: Stressful life events were observed to be significantly more frequent in both the groups. Family conflicts (29%) and sexual problem (16%) were more common in the somatoform disorder group of patients but marital conflict (26%) and death of the close family member (11%) were more common in the dissociative disorder group of patients. This study shows that dissociative disorder patients were observed to experience a variety of life events more than somatoform disorder group of patients. Conclusion: The stressful life events were reported more in dissociative disorder. The results suggest a substantial involvement of stressful life events in genesis of somatoform disorders and dissociative disorders, although no significant difference is noticed. KYAMC Journal Vol. 13, No. 02, July 2022: 63-65

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9

Okasha, Ahmed. "Somatoform disorders revisited." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 15, no. 4 (August 2003): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2003.00027.x.

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10

Sharpe, Michael, and Richard Mayou. "Somatoform disorders: A help or hindrance to good patient care?" British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 6 (June 2004): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.6.465.

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The paper by de Waal and colleagues (2004, this issue) reports on the prevalence of somatoform disorders in Dutch primary care. They found that at least one out of six patients seen by general practitioners could be regarded as having a somatoform disorder, almost all in the non-specific category of undifferentiated somatoform disorder. The prevalence of the condition has major implications for medical services but what does this diagnosis mean? Is receiving a diagnosis of somatoform disorder of any benefit to the patient? Does it help the doctor to provide treatment?

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Desai, Geetha, and Santosh K. Chaturvedi. "Gender and somatoform disorders: Do subtypes of somatoform disorders differ?" Asian Journal of Psychiatry 6, no. 6 (December 2013): 609–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2013.06.015.

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Birket-Smith, M., and E. L. Mortensen. "Pain in somatoform disorders: is somatoform pain disorder a valid diagnosis?" Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 106, no. 2 (July 18, 2002): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.02219.x.

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Marshall, Tamsin, David P. H. Jones, Paul G. Ramchandani, Alan Stein, and Christopher Bass. "Intergenerational transmission of health beliefs in somatoform disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 191, no. 5 (November 2007): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.035261.

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SummaryChildren of parents with a range of psychiatric disorders are at increased risk of developing psychological disturbance themselves. There is growing evidence that this includes children who have parents with a chronic somatoform disorder. The health beliefs of children with a parent with a somatoform disorder were compared with those of children with a parent with an organic physical disorder. Children of parents with somatoform disorder scored higher on bodily preoccupation and disease phobia scales and their health beliefs showed similarities to the beliefs of their parents.

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Khomitskyi, M. Ye, and M. Yu Kondratenko. "Personality profile characteristics of patients with somatoform and anxiety-phobic disorders with phenomena of reduced criticality." Zaporozhye Medical Journal 25, no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2023.3.265368.

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The aim: to study the personality characteristics and their relationship with reduced criticality manifestations by examining the personality profile of patients with somatoform and anxiety-phobic disorders. Materials and methods. A prospective clinical study involved 102 patients: 54 patients with somatoform disorder and 48 patients with anxiety-phobic disorder. Research methods: clinical-psychopathological, clinical-anamnestic, clinical-catamnestic, clinical-psychophenomenological and medical statistical analysis. Results. As the study result, the peculiarities of the personal characteristics of patients with somatoform and anxiety-phobic disorders and their connection with reduced criticality manifestations have been established. The most common clinical types of accentuations in patients with somatoform disorder have been revealed (“sticking-demonstrative” (16.67 % of the group), “sticking-exalted” (11.11 %), “anxious-demonstrative” (9.26 %) and “demonstrative” (9.26 %) as well as a characteristic pronounced (p < 0.05) reduction in criticality (mainly due to the phenomenon of alexithymia). The prevailing types of accentuation among the contingent with anxiety-phobic disorder (“anxious” (14.58 %) and “anxious-pedantic” (12.50 %)) had a connection (p < 0.01) with a mild degree of reduced criticality. Conclusions. Based on the differences found in the personality characteristics of patients with somatoform and anxiety-phobic disorders, variations in the degree of severity and pathogenetic mechanisms of reduced criticality have been revealed. The obtained results offer the potential to develop a personalized system for correction of reduced criticality, the use of which would improve the treatment results in patients with somatoform and anxiety-phobic disorders.

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Kudinova, O. I. "Somatoform disorders psychotherapy correction." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73274-6.

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At the present time in Ukraine the special priority has the problem of somatoform disorders. A prevalence of clinical somatization neurotic disturbances and necessity of differential diagnostics with somatic diseases were the precondition for studying this area. At the same time, in Ukraine the diagnosis “Vegetative-vascular dystonia” which is ciphered G 90.8, according to ICD-10 instead of “Somatoform disoders” F40.0-F48 is used. It leads unreasonable treatment significant contingents of neurotic patients in neurological departments. On the basis of complex study 300 patients with somatoform disorders and 200 patients with chronic psychosomatic disease are conducted determination of structure and dynamic of somatoform disorders in general practice in Kharkiv-city. Clinic-epidemiological and clinic-statistical research allowed to define the structure of somatoform disorders in ambulatory-policlinic practice. Somatoform dysfunction of cardiovascular system has 60%, of gastrointestinal system 25%, urinal system 8,0%, other - 7%. On that ground has been developed complex differential system of medical- psychological and psychotherapy correction of somatoform disorders with the - 80% high efficasy. Our experience showed the necessity of the integrative models of psychotherapy provided, parted on stage. On the first stage - sedative-adapting the receptions of cognitive and suggestive psychotherapy are used. There is groupe therapy on second-main-stage. On the third stage-supportive-elements of the autogenic training mastered.

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Rudolf, Gerd, and Peter Henningsen. "Die psychotherapeutische Behandlung somatoformer Störungen/ Psychotherapy of somatoform disorders." Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie 49, no. 1 (March 2003): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/zptm.2003.49.1.3.

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SINEUTSKAYA, EKATERINA O., DMITRY S. PETROV, BORIS YU VOLODIN, ALEXEY V. SHULAEV, and OLEG EV KONOVALOV. "COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL-SYNDROMIC AND SOCIO- PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH SOMATOFORM DISORDERS AND WORKING IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY." Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine 16, no. 3 (June 2023): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20969/vskm.2023.16(3).77-83.

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Introduction. The paper presents the results of a study of the quality of life, individual psychological characteristics, clinical and syndromic picture of somatoform disorders of 90 patients admitted for inpatient treatment at the Federal State Budgetary Institution «Central Psychiatric Hospital of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency» of Russia. Material and methods. The examination was conducted in two groups of 45 patients: the main group - women employees of nuclear production and the control group, including people working under normal conditions. The assessment of the level of alexithymia, quality of life, individual psychological characteristics of patients and features of the clinical picture of somatoform disorders in patients working in the nuclear industry was carried out. Results and discussion. The patients employed in nuclear production mainly suffered from somatized disorder (71.1%), hypochondriac disorder (20.0%) and, most rarely, somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (8.9%). Psychopathological symptoms of somatoform disorders in nuclear industry employees are characterized by asthenic and senestopathic syndromes. The indicators for assessing their quality of life are reduced according to the scales: general health, physical functioning, role-based functioning due to physical condition. Patients working in harmful conditions are at risk due to the high level of alexetimia in somatoform disorders and have difficulties with recognizing emotions, feelings and their verbalization. Focusing on the features of the clinical picture of somatoform disorder and timely identification of the targets of exposure will allow us to develop in more detail the strategy and tactics of specialized care, improve the social adaptation of patients and, as a result, improve their quality of life. Conclusion. Employees of nuclear production are in a state of increased responsibility, neuropsychic stress, which increases the risk of neurotic disorders. The state of neuroticism may be aggravated by a high level of alexithymia in this group of patients, which probably leads to the formation and maintenance of somatoform disorders. The results obtained indicate the importance of organizing preventive measures aimed at maintaining the health of personnel working in the nuclear industry.

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Belokrylov, I., S. Semikov, E. Rasskazova, A. Tkhostov, and V. Sadovnichaja. "Changes in illness representations in patients with somatoform disorder after group-analysis therapy: Comparisons to psychoeducation program." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S188—S189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.499.

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IntroductionPsychological work with cognitive beliefs were shown to be beneficial for patients with somatoform disorders and unexplained somatic complaints (Liu et al., 2019). There is still a question of whether these results are specific or common for different kind of interventions including psychoanalytic psychotherapy (Kaplan, 2014).ObjectivesThe aim was to reveal dynamics of illness perception after group analysis psychotherapy comparing to psychoeducation in patients with somatoform disorders.Methods100 patients with somatoform disorders were randomized to psychoeducation intervention (48 patients; 15 males and 33 females) and to the group analysis psychotherapy (52 patients; 15 males and 37 females). Before and after treatment they filled Screening for somatoforms symptoms (Rief, Hiller, 2003) and Illness Perception Questionnaire - Revised (Moss-Morris et al., 2002).Results2 (Groups) × 2 (Time: Before / After) ANOVA with repeated measures revealed major effect of time with both groups demonstrated equal decrease in somatoform symptoms during treatment (F=101.42, p<.01, η²=.52). Patients from both groups after treatment appraised their illnesses as having shorter duration without cycles, less severe consequences on their lives, reported increase in treatment control, understanding of their illness and decrease in emotional reactions (F=7.13-30.62, p<.01, η²=.07-.24). In group analysis condition only patients demonstrated increased beliefs that psychological and risk factors could impact their illness (interaction: F=4.58-7.24, p<.05, η²=.05-.07).ConclusionsPatients with somatoform disorders almost equally benefitted from both psychoeducation and group analysis but group analysis psychotherapy led to better awareness of psychological and risk factors of their illness.

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Jalan, Rekha K., Jyoti Adhikari, and Mohan Belbase. "Socio-demographic Characteristics and Psychosocial Stressors in the Children and Adolescents with Somatoform Disorders." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 17, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v17i1.25315.

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Introduction: Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that suggest a medical condition, and which are not fully explainable by general medical condition, or by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. Objectives: to study the socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial stressors in children and adolescents with somatoform disorders. Methods: From 1st January, 2018 to 30th June 2018, Children and adolescents from 3 to 18 years of age with unexplained physical st thsymptoms were evaluated using DSM – IV criteria. Detailed evaluation followed for those meeting inclusion criteria. Results: Among 65 patients (18, 27.69% boys and 47, 72.31% girls) meeting inclusion criteria, conversion disorder was the most common (37, 56.92%), followed by undifferentiated somatoform disorder (15, 23.08%). Girls were significantly more represented among conversion disorder patients compared to other groups of somatoform disorders (68.08% vs. 27.78%, X2 =8.63, p<0.01) Stressors 2 were identified in 95% and acute precipitating stressors were present in 75% patients. Both the boys and girls had significantly higher rates of academic problems. Boys found to have social and environmental problems while girls had problems in primary support group. Conclusion: Somatoform disorder, particularly conversion disorder is more common and it is found more in girls. Academic problems, poor interpersonal relations and conflict in the family are the important psychosocial stressors.

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GODEMANN, F., A. SCHABOWSKA, B. NAETEBUSCH, A. HEINZ, and A. STRÖHLE. "The impact of cognitions on the development of panic and somatoform disorders: a prospective study in patients with vestibular neuritis." Psychological Medicine 36, no. 1 (September 13, 2005): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705005921.

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Background. There is a high incidence of panic and somatoform disorders after vestibular neuritis. However, the occurrence of psychiatric disorders has been shown to be unrelated to persistent functional vestibular impairment. The aim of the present study was to examine the role played by cognitions in the development of panic and somatoform disorders.Method. In a 2-year prospective study, cognitions were recorded at various stages using the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire and Body Sensations Questionnaire. Our analysis focused on whether body-related anxiety or panic-related thoughts can predict the development of a panic or somatoform disorder.Results. Fear arising on the first day of an acute vestibular episode did not predict the development of panic or somatoform disorders. One week after the dysfunction, however, the fear of vertigo was a significant predictor, explaining 20% of the variance in the development of either disorder. After 6 weeks, persistent fear of vertigo or vomiting predicted approximately 30% of the variance, and after 6 months panic-related thoughts predicted 40% of the variance and, with the inclusion of body-related fears, as much as 60% of the variance in the development of panic or somatoform disorders.Conclusion. Our data confirm prospectively a number of fundamental assumptions of cognitive theory concerning the development of anxiety disorders. Subjects who experience vertigo as particularly alarming focus more intensely than other patients on the negative symptoms they perceive as being related to the disorder. Patients with panic-related cognitions were prone to develop panic or somatoform disorders.

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Baumeister, Harald, and Martin Härter. "Somatoform disorders in patients with musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases in comparison to the general population." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 15, no. 4 (August 2003): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-5215.2003.00035.x.

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Objective:The present epidemiological study investigates sex- and age-adjusted 4-week, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence rates of somatoform disorders in in-patients with musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases in comparison with prevalence rates of these disorders in the general population in Germany.Methods:Prevalence rates were calculated from two samples, one from rehabilitation in-patients with musculoskeletal (n = 187) or cardiovascular (n = 116) diseases, and one from a large sample of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey – Mental Health Supplement (GHS-MHS; n = 3889). The prevalence rates were based on the M-CIDI, an interview for the assessment of mental disorders.Results:The adjusted prevalence rates of any mental disorder in both clinical samples are higher compared with rates of the general population (e.g. lifetime musculoskeletal, 59.3%; cardiovascular, 56.2%; general population, 47.9%). Prevalence rates of patients with cardiovascular (e.g. 12.2%) and musculoskeletal (21.5%) diseases do not indicate an increased prevalence of somatoform disorders compared with the general population (18.2%).Conclusions:The results confirm that patients with chronic somatic diseases have increased prevalence rates of mental disorders. However, these increased prevalence rates go primarily back to affective and anxiety disorders and not to somatoform disorders. The diagnostic criteria for somatoform disorders and the question algorithm of the M-CIDI are probably responsible for potential underestimation of somatoform disorders in patients with chronic somatic diseases.

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Lieb, Roselind, Petra Zimmermann, Robert H. Friis, Michael Höfler, Sven Tholen, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "The natural course of DSM-IV somatoform disorders and syndromes among adolescents and young adults: a prospective-longitudinal community study." European Psychiatry 17, no. 6 (October 2002): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00686-7.

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SummaryObjective.Although somatoform disorders are assumed to be chronic clinical conditions, epidemiological knowledge on their natural course based on representative samples is not available.Method.Data come from a prospective epidemiologic study of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany. Respondents’ diagnoses (N = 2548) at baseline and follow-up on average 42 months later are considered. The follow-up incidence, stability as well as selected baseline risk factors (sociodemographics, psychopathology, trauma exposure) for the incidence and stability of somatoform disorders and syndromes are prospectively examined. Diagnostic information was assessed by using the standardized Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results.Over the follow-up period, incidence rate for any of the covered somatoform diagnoses was 25.7%. Stability for the overall group of any somatoform disorder/syndrome was 48%. Female gender, lower social class, the experience of any substance use, anxiety and affective disorder as well as the experience of traumatic sexual and physical threat events predicted new onsets of somatoform conditions, while stability was predicted by being female, prior existing substance use, affective and eating disorders as well as the experience of a serious accident.Conclusions.At least for a substantial proportion of individuals, the overall picture of somatization seems to be relatively stable, but with fluctuation in the symptom picture over time. Being female, the experience of substance use as well as anxiety disorder seem to constitute risk factors for the onset of new somatoform conditions as well as for a stable course over time.

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Tsygankov, B., and A. Kulichenko. "Personal and pathopsychological features of patients with somatoform disorders in primary care." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S417—S418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.371.

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IntroductionSomatoform disorders are a therapeutic challenge for primary care physicians. Various studies show low efficacy of psychotherapy for these patients, and the need for differentiated approach to their treatment.ObjectiveExplore the differences between pathopsychological, personal characteristics of patients with somatoform disorders.MethodsIt was carried out psychometric evaluation of 108 patients with different clinical variants of somatoform disorders, using SCL-90-r, Leonhard questionnaire.ResultsPatient with somatization disorder (SD) had maximum values on the “somatization”, “depression”, “hostile”, “paranoid” scales; a high level of anxiety. Singularity personality structure of these patients defining feature of exaltation, excitability, emotivity. Patients with undifferentiated somatoform disorder (USD) also showed high levels of somatization, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety. Patients with stable somatoform pain disorder (SPD), had high levels of depression, obsessive-compulsive. SPD formed in individuals with features of anxiety, seizing, high emotivity. The maximum values for the scales of anxiety (ANX, PHOB) recorded in patients with somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (SDANS). Evaluation of coping strategies showed a preferential use of the “avoidance” strategy by patients with SD, USD, a rare use of social support strategies, responsibility. Patients with somatoform pain disorder often resorted to seek social support.ConclusionThe use of the questionnaire SCL-90-r has identified a number of clinical features of patients with different variants of the SFD. Typologically in all samples of patients revealed moderate accentuation on emotivity trait.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Sudak, Howard S. "Somatoform and Factitious Disorders." Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 64, no. 1 (January 15, 2003): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v64n0118a.

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Singh, Bruce S. "14: Managing somatoform disorders." Medical Journal of Australia 168, no. 11 (June 1998): 572–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb139089.x.

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RIEF, WINFRIED, PETER HENNINGSEN, and WOLFGANG HILLER. "Classification of Somatoform Disorders." American Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 4 (April 2006): 746–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.746a.

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Garralda, Elena. "Somatization and somatoform disorders." Psychiatry 4, no. 8 (August 2005): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1383/psyt.2005.4.8.97.

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Scholz, O. Berndt, Ralf Ott, and Harald Sarnoch. "Proprioception in somatoform disorders." Behaviour Research and Therapy 39, no. 12 (December 2001): 1429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00108-x.

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Fallon, Brian A. "Pharmacotherapy of somatoform disorders." Journal of Psychosomatic Research 56, no. 4 (April 2004): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00631-7.

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Merskey, Harold. "Somatization and somatoform disorders." Pain 148, no. 2 (February 2010): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2009.11.019.

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Benabdeljlil, M., W. Fakir, M. El Alaoui Faris, M. El Khalifi, M. Rahmani, and S. Aïdi. "Somatoform disorders in neurology." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 381 (October 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.325.

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Pavicevic, D., D. Popovic, N. Zivkovic, and G. Djokic. "Pregabalin in Somatoform Disorders." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S110—S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1884.

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Somatoform disorders (SD) are an example of the complex interaction between mind and body.To estimate the efficacy of pregabalin (PG) versus combination of pregabalin and antidepressants in patients with SD who were previously on long-term treatment with at least three antidepressants (SSRI, SNRI, SARIs, SNDIs, MAOI, TCAs) in an adequate therapeutic dose and had a partial response on it. In this open label trial investigators diagnosed 41 patients by standard clinical interview as F 45.0 and F 45.4 according to ICD-10 criteria and divided them in two groups: experimental (Pregabalin, 20 patients) and control group (Pregabalin + antidepressant, 21 patients). Patients also had comorbid diagnoses as follows: F 41.1, F 32, F 33 or F 34. Assessment was done by 100 mm Visual analogue scale (VAS) and by Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI). Within both groups there was a statistically significant improvement measured by VAS and CGI scales in all repeated measurements, except for the CGI scale in both groups between the second and ninth month where there was no statistical difference. There were no statistically significant differences between CG and EG on both scales either in the beginning or in repeated measurements. There was no difference in the effects of the drugs between EG and CG on both scales- VAS & CGI. Pregabalin as mono or as an adjuvant therapy had equally good efficiency in patients with SD who had partial response on various antidepressants therapy after long-term treatment.Disclosure of interestResults from part of this trial were published as abstract in european psychiatry, Volume 30. Supplement 1, 28–31 March 2015, Pages 534 – “Somatoform Disorders-a New Target for Pregabalin”, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(15)30418-1.

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Chaturvedi, Santosh K., and Geetha Desai. "Survival in somatoform disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 208, no. 2 (February 2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.178970.

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Garralda, Elena. "Somatization and somatoform disorders." Psychiatry 7, no. 8 (August 2008): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2008.05.012.

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LIPSITT, DON R. "Somatoform and Factitious Disorders." American Journal of Psychiatry 160, no. 3 (March 2003): 606–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.3.606.

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Berger, Joseph. "Somatoform and Factitious Disorders." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 190, no. 5 (May 2002): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200205000-00013.

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Shapiro, Elsa G., and Alvin A. Rosenfeld. "Children with Somatoform Disorders." Psychotherapy Patient 4, no. 2 (December 13, 1988): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j358v04n02_16.

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R.M., Katte, Chandrashekhar C.R., and Reddy V. "Comorbidity in Somatoform Disorders." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 23, no. 1 (January 2000): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975156420000110.

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McIntyre, J., and M. A. Moral. "Therapy of somatoform disorders." Drugs of the Future 31, no. 8 (2006): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.2006.031.08.1006819.

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Kudinova, O. "Psychotherapy of somatoform disorders." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2072.

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In Ukraine there is tendency to increased deseaseness and prevalence's of somatoform disorders.The most significant role belongs to the patient's self-evaluation of the influence of the disease on their social status that is an essential past of the self-picture of the disease and the important point of therapeutic rehabilitation intervention.On the basis of the examined 300 patients on somatoform disorders and 200 patients on psychosomatic diseases, we have elaborated a formal test that allows evaluating quantitatively the influents of the disease on various spheres of patients’ social status.It was absolutely unexpectable the common for psychosomatic and somatoform disorders patients rise of significance of personal individual, every day life factors in cases of aggravation of the main disease course. We created the cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy system with suggestive and autosuggestive implementations.Elucidation of peculiarity of personal perception of the disease served as basis of elaboration of purposeful system of psychotherapy, consulting, psychological support for patients with high-effectiveness 1.5–3 years catamnesis in 85% patients.Our experience showed the necessity of the use the target-oriented integrativе models of psychotherapy, parted on stages. On the first stage-sedative-adapting the receptions of cognitive and suggestive psychotherapy are used. There is group therapy on second stage. On the third stage elements of the autogenic training mastered.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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Sheehan, Bart, John Holmes, Alastair Macdonald, and Deborah Walker. "Neglect of somatoform disorders." International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 19, no. 5 (May 2004): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gps.1100.

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Torgersen, Svenn. "Genetics of Somatoform Disorders." Archives of General Psychiatry 43, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800050108014.

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Gieler, U. "Somatoform disorders in dermatology." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 5, no. 1 (October 1995): S35—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-9959(95)95891-4.

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Wagenlehner, Florian, and Daniela Schultz-Lampel. "Somatoform disorders: urological diseases." Die Urologie 62, no. 6 (June 2023): 569–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00120-023-02095-4.

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Gropalis, Maria, Gaby Bleichhardt, Michael Witthöft, and Wolfgang Hiller. "Hypochondriasis, Somatoform Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 200, no. 5 (May 2012): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e31825322e5.

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del Río-Casanova, Lucía, Anabel González, Mario Páramo, Annemiek Van Dijke, and Julio Brenlla. "Emotion regulation strategies in trauma-related disorders: pathways linking neurobiology and clinical manifestations." Reviews in the Neurosciences 27, no. 4 (June 1, 2016): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2015-0045.

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AbstractEmotion regulation impairments with traumatic origins have mainly been studied from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) models by studying cases of adult onset and single-incident trauma exposure. The effects of adverse traumatic experiences, however, go beyond the PTSD. Different authors have proposed that PTSD, borderline personality, dissociative, conversive and somatoform disorders constitute a full spectrum of trauma-related conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive review of the neurobiological findings covering this posttraumatic spectrum is needed in order to develop an all-encompassing model for trauma-related disorders with emotion regulation at its center. The present review has sought to link neurobiology findings concerning cortico-limbic function to the field of emotion regulation. In so doing, trauma-related disorders have been placed in a continuum between under- and over-regulation of affect strategies. Under-regulation of affect was predominant in borderline personality disorder, PTSD with re-experiencing symptoms and positive psychoform and somatoform dissociative symptoms. Over-regulation of affect was more prevalent in somatoform disorders and pathologies characterized by negative psychoform and somatoform symptoms. Throughout this continuum, different combinations between under- and over-regulation of affect strategies were also found.

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Dimsdale, J. E. "Somatic Symptom Disorders: a new approach in DSM-5." Die Psychiatrie 10, no. 01 (January 2013): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1670834.

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SummaryFollowing a brief historic discourse, problems with the current use and concepts the of somatoform disorders are described. The rationale for substituting the term „somatoform“ with „somatic symptom“ in DSM5 is explained and the new classification criteria for the group of “somatic symptom related disorders” are described, which include severity ratings. A special aspect is that “Illness anxiety disorder” is introduced as a new diagnostic entity in DSM-5.

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De Waal, Margot W. M., Ingrid A. Arnold, Just A. H. Eekhof, and Albert M. Van Hemert. "Somatoform disorders in general practice." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 6 (June 2004): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.6.470.

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BackgroundGeneral practitioners play a pivotal part in the recognition and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Identifying somatoform disorders is important for the choice of treatment.AimsTo quantify the prevalence of, and functional impairment associated with, somatoform disorders, and their comorbidity with anxiety/depressive disorders.MethodTwo-stage prevalence study: a set of questionnaires was completed by 1046 consecutive patients of general practitioners (aged 25–80 years), followed by a standardised diagnostic interview (SCAN 2.1).ResultsThe prevalence of somatoform disorders was 16.1% (95% CI 12.8-19.4). When disorders with only mild impairment were included, the prevalence increased to 21.9%. Comorbidity of somatoform disorders and anxiety/depressive disorders was 3.3 times more likely than expected by chance. In patients with comorbid disorders, physical symptoms, depressive symptoms and functional limitations were additive.ConclusionsOur findings underline the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach to psychiatric disorders in general practice.

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Belokrylov, I. V., S. V. Semikov, A. Sh Tkhostov, and E. I. Rasskazova. "Hypochondriac Beliefs and Behavior in Patients with Somatoform Disorders: Relationship to Somatic Complaints and Subjective Well-Being." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 3 (October 14, 2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-3-58-67.

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Background: studies of the psychological mechanisms of perpetuation and quality of life in patients with somatoform disorders are important for identifying targets for psychological interventions and defi ning risk groups. Aim: to reveal specifi c hypochondriac beliefs and behavior in patients with somatoform disorders related to severity of somatic complaints and subjective well-being. Patients and methods: 100 patients with somatoform disorders were assessed by using Screening for Somatoform Symptoms, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Cognitions About Body And Health Questionnaire, Scale for the Assessment of Illness Behaviour, and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-18. Results: level of somatoform symptoms is higher in patients with a tendency to catastrophize bodily sensations, autonomic disfunction, mental scanning for bodily symptoms, and disturbances in daily activities due to illness. Regardless of somatoform symptoms’ severity, subjective well-being is lower in patients with belief in bodily weakness and somatosensory amplifi cation, autonomic sensations, expression of symptoms, and changes in daily activities due to illness. Conclusions: the results are discussed in the context of possible psychological and behavioral factors in the perpetuation of somatoform disorders. Patients of older age are at risk of perpetuation of somatoform disorders due to a greater tendency to catastrophize bodily sensations and higher belief in bodily weakness.

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Belokrylov, I. V., S. V. Semikov, A. Sh Tkhostov, and E. I. Rasskazova. "Hypochondriac Beliefs and Behavior in Patients with Somatoform Disorders: Relationship to Somatic Complaints and Subjective Well-Being." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 3 (October 14, 2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-3-58-67.

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Background: studies of the psychological mechanisms of perpetuation and quality of life in patients with somatoform disorders are important for identifying targets for psychological interventions and defi ning risk groups. Aim: to reveal specifi c hypochondriac beliefs and behavior in patients with somatoform disorders related to severity of somatic complaints and subjective well-being. Patients and methods: 100 patients with somatoform disorders were assessed by using Screening for Somatoform Symptoms, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Cognitions About Body And Health Questionnaire, Scale for the Assessment of Illness Behaviour, and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-18. Results: level of somatoform symptoms is higher in patients with a tendency to catastrophize bodily sensations, autonomic disfunction, mental scanning for bodily symptoms, and disturbances in daily activities due to illness. Regardless of somatoform symptoms’ severity, subjective well-being is lower in patients with belief in bodily weakness and somatosensory amplifi cation, autonomic sensations, expression of symptoms, and changes in daily activities due to illness. Conclusions: the results are discussed in the context of possible psychological and behavioral factors in the perpetuation of somatoform disorders. Patients of older age are at risk of perpetuation of somatoform disorders due to a greater tendency to catastrophize bodily sensations and higher belief in bodily weakness.

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