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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solventi organici

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Academic literature on the topic 'Solventi organici'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Solventi organici"

1

Schulz, Lara, and Siegfried Waldvogel. "Solvent Control in Electro-Organic Synthesis." Synlett 30, no. 03 (December 13, 2018): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610303.

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Exploiting the solvent control within electro-organic conversions is a far underestimated parameter in prep-scale electrolysis. The beneficial application in several transformations is outlined and in particular discussed for the dehydrogenative coupling of arenes and heteroarenes. This simple electrolytic strategy in fluorinated solvents allows the modulation of the substrate’s nucleophilicity and the stabilization of the intermediates as well as of the final product from over-oxidation.1 Introduction2 Solvent Effects in Kolbe Electrolysis and Anodic Fluorination3 Unique Solvent Effects of 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-ol (HFIP)4 Anodic Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions with Use of HFIP as the Solvent5 Conclusion

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Maheshwari, R. K., Shruti Jain, Anjali Padria, Pawan Mulani, Jaydeep Singh Baghel, and Neelesh Maheshwari. "''Eco-friendly extraction using solids'' - A novel application of mixed solvency concept." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2409.

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As per the mixed solvency concept (proposed by Dr. R.K. Maheshwari), each and every substance present on the earth has got solubilizing property i.e. all the liquids, gases and solids possess solubilizing power. In the mixed solvency concept, each substance is a solubilizer. We know that all the liquids (matter in liquid state at room temperature) are known as solvents. No solvent is universal solvent. We can say that all the solvents are good solvents for some solutes and bad solvents for other solutes. Similarly, all gases and solids have good solubilizing power for some solutes and bad solubilizing power for other solutes. Organic solvents have innumerous adverse effects. Such organic solvents should be replaced by other eco-friendly alternative sources. The main objective of this research work is to provide a novel idea to the researchers that solids can also be employed for extraction of active constituents from powders of roots, leaves, seeds, fruits, bark of plants etc. In the present investigation, sesame oil has been extracted from powdered seeds of sesame using solubilizing powers of two solids, thymol and menthol using different methods. Melted thymol (temperature about 50°C), melted menthol (temperature about 45°C) were observed to have very good solubility for sesame oil. Therefore, they were used for extraction of sesame oil. Ethanol was found to be bad solvent for sesame oil. Thymol and menthol improved the solubility of sesame oil in ethanol and helped in extraction. Thymol and menthol are easily removed at about 80°C. Organic solvents are removed from extracts by suitable methods like heating, vacuum distillation etc. These solids (menthol and thymol) are also removable. Also, they can be recollected using suitable methods for recycling purposes. Keywords: Extraction, mixed solvency concept, sesame oil, menthol, thymol, eutectic liquid, solubilizer

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Winterton, Neil. "The green solvent: a critical perspective." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 23, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2499–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02188-8.

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AbstractSolvents are important in most industrial and domestic applications. The impact of solvent losses and emissions drives efforts to minimise them or to avoid them completely. Since the 1990s, this has become a major focus of green chemistry, giving rise to the idea of the ‘green’ solvent. This concept has generated a substantial chemical literature and has led to the development of so-called neoteric solvents. A critical overview of published material establishes that few new materials have yet found widespread use as solvents. The search for less-impacting solvents is inefficient if carried out without due regard, even at the research stage, to the particular circumstances under which solvents are to be used on the industrial scale. Wider sustainability questions, particularly the use of non-fossil sources of organic carbon in solvent manufacture, are more important than intrinsic ‘greenness’. While solvency is universal, a universal solvent, an alkahest, is an unattainable ideal.

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Jain, Shuchi, and Amreen Khan. "Titrimetric Analysis of Aceclofenac Sodium by Using Mixed Solvency." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 7, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2022.v07i08.004.

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Titration is a method of quantitative/chemical analysis which can be used to determine the concentration of a known reactant. Mixed solvency has been widely used to enhance the aqueous solubility of a large number of poorly water-soluble drugs. Various organic solvents like methanol, chloroform, dimethyl formamide and ethanol have been employed for solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs. Organic solvents because of their higher cost, toxicities and pollution are not used as solvent. In the present investigation a sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium salicylate solution (an economic agent) was employed as a hydrotropic solubilizing agent to solubilize the poorly water-soluble drug aceclofenac for its titrimetric analysis in bulk sample and tablets precluding the use of organic solvent. The proposed method is new, simple, precise and inexpensive. The results of the analysis have been validated statistically. The mean % recoveries were found to be close to 100, indicating the accuracy of the proposed method.

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Ha, Le Thanh, and Le Duy Thang. "OPTIMIZATION OF CONDITIONS FOR CAROTENOIDS EXTRACTION FROM SHRIMP WASTE USING ORGANIC SOLVENT." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 57, no. 3B (November 12, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/57/3b/14111.

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In this study, factors affecting the extraction yield of carotenoids from dry shrimp waste by organic solvents such as ratio of hexane / acetone, ratio of solvent / shrimp waste, extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction method such as dynamic or static have been studied. The results showed that the solvent ratio hexane: acetone = 3: 1 gave the highest carotenoid yield. In this ratio of solvent’s mixture, the yield reached highest at temperature 60 °C for 2 hours, which was 44,64 µg / g raw shrimp waste (d.b.) (ratio of solvent to raw material 3/1). Ultrasound or vortexing gave higher extraction yield than in static conditions, which was 1.5- to 1.8- fold increase, respectively. At the ratio of solvent: dried shrimp = 4: 1, the amount of carotenoid recovered at 60°C for 2 hours reached 57.4 µg / g. However, if the shrimp waste was hydrolyzed with Alcalase at 50°C for 4 hours before extraction by solvent, the amount of carotenoid recovered achieved 149 µg / g of raw material

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Istyami, Astri Nur, Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja, Tirto Prakoso, and Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati. "Performance of Various Organic Solvents as Reaction Media in Plant Oil Lipolysis with Plant Lipase." Reaktor 18, no. 2 (August 24, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.2.71-75.

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Fatty acids are intermediate substances in synthesis of oleochemical products. Enzymatic technology of fatty acids production (also known as lipolysis) is now developing as potential substitution for the conventional production of fatty acid, i.e. thermal hydrolysis of triglyceride. It offers more economical process condition, low energy consumption, and minimal product degradation compared to the conventional process. This research aims to evaluate performance of various organic solvents as reaction media in lipolysis with plant latex lipase. Organic solvents observed were chloroform, n-hexane, diethyl ether, benzene, acetone, ethanol, methanol, n-heptane, and isooctane. Analysis of each organic solvent effect on lipolysis was described based on solvents properties. Conversion of lipolysis with organic solvents is 0,10-1,25 times fold compared to conversion of non-solvent lipolysis. We suggest that dielectric constant and viscosity are the two main organic solvent properties affecting lipase performance in lipolysis. Overall, n-hexane, n-heptane, and isooctane are recommended to be used as reaction media in lipolysis with plant lipase because their effects to degree of lipolysis are positive. Keywords: lipolysis; lipase; organic solvent; frangipani

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Ārija Baķe, Mārīte, Maija Eglīte, Žanna Martinsone, Inita Buiķe, Anita Piķe, and Pāvels Sudmalis. "Organic solvents as chemical risk factors of the work environment in different branches of industry and possible impact of solvents on workers' health." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 64, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2010): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-010-0011-z.

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Organic solvents as chemical risk factors of the work environment in different branches of industry and possible impact of solvents on workers' health The aim of our study was to investigate organic solvents as chemical risk factors of the work environment in different branches of the industry in Latvia during 1998-2006 and to evaluate the possible impact of solvents to worker health according to the exposure index. The work conditions were studied in 116 enterprises of different branches of industries in Latvia. The analysis of 1790 measurements showed that organic solvents in the work environment have different degrees of exposure probability risk on worker health. The exposure levels in workplaces differ. More than half of surveyed workplaces (56.7%) had a low organic solvent exposure probability level, in 25.2% workplaces it was medium, and in 18.1% workplaces high. The most widely used organic solvents were aromatic hydrocarbons, which was recorded in 35% of the measurements made during assessment of aromatic hydrocarbon group organic solvent exposure in the work environment. In most workplaces several solvents were present simultaneously. Since solvents have a one-way effect on the human body, the actual exposure risk level is higher than shown when evaluating the exposure index of a single solvent only.

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Huang, Chia-Yi, and Shih-Hung Lin. "Organic Solvent Sensors Using Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films with a Pillar Pattern." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172906.

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An organic solvent sensor of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) film is fabricated by a combination of tri-functional monomers and LCs. When the patterned PDLC film comes into contact with the organic solvent, the organic solvent will penetrate into the film to induce the orientation of the liquid crystals, which will change from an ordered to a disordered state, which causes the PDLC film to scatter incident light. The experiment used acetone and ethanol as the organic solvents of interest. The results show that the patterned PDLC film has a stronger response to acetone than to ethanol. Based on the difference in the intensity of light scattering and the response time of the patterned PDLC film to different organic solvents, the results can be used to identify and recognize different types of organic solvents.

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Chemat, Abert Vian, Ravi, Khadhraoui, Hilali, Perino, and Tixier. "Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Products: Panorama, Principles, Applications and Prospects." Molecules 24, no. 16 (August 19, 2019): 3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163007.

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In recent years, almost all extraction processes in the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, biofuel and fine chemical industries rely massively on solvents, the majority of which have petroleum origins. The intricate processing steps involved in the industrial extraction cycle makes it increasingly difficult to predict the overall environmental impact; despite the tremendous energy consumption and the substantial usage of solvents, often the yields are indicated in decimals. The ideal alternative solvents suitable for green extraction should have high solvency, high flash points with low toxicity and low environmental impacts, be easily biodegradable, obtained from renewable (non-petrochemical) resources at a reasonable price and should be easy to recycle without any deleterious effect to the environment. Finding the perfect solvent that meets all the aforementioned requirements is a challenging task, thus the decision for the optimum solvent will always be a compromise depending on the process, the plant and the target molecules. The objective of this comprehensive review is to furnish a vivid picture of current knowledge on alternative, green solvents used in laboratories and industries alike for the extraction of natural products focusing on original methods, innovation, protocols, and development of safe products.

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Niu, Ru Xuan, Ying Qun Ma, Qun Hui Wang, Bo Yue, Yu Fei Yang, and Hong Zhi Ma. "Environmental Risk Assessment and Environmental Management of Waste Organic Solvents in Electronics Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.595.

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Waste organic solvents have been classified as hazardous waste in many countries because of their toxicity, high volatility and Ignitability. Waste organic solvents are produced in a lot of industries including of the electronics industry. In this industry, organic solvents are used as cleaning agent and developer, which would generate a lot of waste organic solvents. In China, in the management and re-use of waste organic solvents, the current management systems are not completely. So it is need to learn the laws and regulations, treatment and disposal technologies, control standards of waste organic solvents generated in electronics industry in the developed countries. In this paper, based on an organic solvent waste for feature analysis and risk assessment, which generated by the electronics industry, Therefore, the waste organic solvent has a more serious environmental risk and human health risk through the soil and underwater than the air. Forbid the waste organic solvents produced company casual dump, in order to avoid the waste pollution. The evaluation result of the waste organic solvents produced by China's electronics industry is the data basis to obtain relevant management regulations On this basis, put forward the suggestion and management specifications of waste organic solvents, provide strong supports for the revise of the " National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes ".

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solventi organici"

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Silva, Pedro. "Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) modelling : from pure solvents to highly rejected solutes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11906.

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Blasucci, Vittoria Madonna. "Organic solvents for catalysis and organic reactions." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31723.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Charles Eckert; Committee Co-Chair: Charles Liotta; Committee Member: Amyn Teja; Committee Member: Christopher Jones; Committee Member: William Koros. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

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Böcking, Axel [Verfasser]. "Membrane Transport Properties and Process Design in Nanofiltration with Organic Solvents and Aqueous Solvent Mixtures / Axel Böcking." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213472598/34.

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Zobel, Mirijam [Verfasser], and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Neder. "Nanoparticle crystallization and solvent interface restructuring especially for ZnO nanoparticles in organic solvents / Mirijam Zobel. Gutachter: Reinhard Neder." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081544090/34.

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Chun-Te, Lin Justin. "Organic solvent nanofiltration membrane cascades for solvent exchange and purification." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11977.

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Oliveira, Flavia Lucia Bottini Omena de. "Avaliação da indução de cristalinidade de policarbonato." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2895.

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Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Neste trabalho foram investigados os comportamentos térmico e mecânico e as características morfológicas de amostras de policarbonato de bisfenol-A (PC) com cristalinidade induzida por exposição ao vapor de solvente. A técnica de indução de cristalização foi empregada em três amostras de policarbonato de bisfenol-A de diferentes massas molares. Filmes vazados a partir de soluções de PC em clorofórmio e amostras moldadas por compressão foram expostos a um ambiente contendo vapor de acetona. Os filmes foram expostos por diferentes períodos de tempo e analisados em equipamentos de Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura, Microscopia Óptica com luz polarizada e Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier, para caracterizar a indução de cristalinidade. A indução de cristalinidade foi confirmada e a fase cristalina apresentou estrutura esferulítica. As amostras de maior massa molar mostraram maior teor de cristalinidade. O desempenho mecânico das amostras cristalinas de policarbonato mostrou diferenças, com a mudança de seu comportamento mecânico de dúctil para frágil, independente da massa molar
In this work were investigated the thermal and mechanical behaviors and the morphological characteristics of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (PC) samples with crystalline induction by solvent vapor exposure. The crystallization induction technique was employed on three samples of bisphenol-A polycarbonate of different molar mass. Films cast from PC solutions in chloroform and compression molded samples were exposed to an environment containing acetone vapor. The films were exposed for different periods of time and analyzed on Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Polarized Light Optical Microscope and Fourier Transform Infra Red devices to characterize crystalline induction. The crystalline induction was confirmed and the crystalline phase has presented spherulitic structure. The highest molar mass samples have shown higher crystallinity degrees. Mechanical performance of crystalline samples has shown differences with the change of its mechanical behavior from ductile to fragile, independently of the molar mass

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Sommerville, Douglas R. "Diffusion of ethanol in organic solvents." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19449.

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Jene, Quitz. "Surfactant-modified enzymes in organic solvents." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385432.

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Sherwood, James. "Bio-based solvents for organic synthesis." Thesis, University of York, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4999/.

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Scrutiny over solvent selection in the chemical industry has risen in recent decades, popularising research into neoteric solvent systems such as ionic liquids and supercritical fluids. More recently bio-based solvent products have been considered as replacements for conventional petroleum derived solvents. Because they bear a close resemblance to existing solvent products, bio-based solvents can be readily absorbed into the fine chemical industries. This work develops a methodology for identifying reactions of concern with respect to current solvent selection practice, and then implementing a high performance bio-based solvent substitute. In this thesis, kinetic studies of heteroatom alkylation, amidation, and esterification are documented, and the solvent effect dictating the rate of each reaction ascertained. With the ideal properties for the solvent known, bio-based solvent candidates were screened for suitability in each case study. This process, which employs computational tools, was also applied to model the productivity of the Biginelli reaction as a representative multi-component heterocycle synthesis. A strong case is made for limonene and p-cymene as bio-based solvents for all but heteroatom alkylation from the case studies listed above. Alkylations with nitrogen nucleophiles are instead suited to high polarity solvents, and to this end some bio-based amides were investigated.

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Zhang, Shulin. "Studies of Solvent Displacement from Solvated Metal Carbonyl Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331992/.

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Flash photolysis techniques were applied to studies of solvent displacement by Lewis bases (L) from solvated metal carbonyl complexes of Cr, Mo, and W. On the basis of extensive studies of the reaction rate laws, activation parameters , and linear-free-energy-relationships, it was concluded that the mechanisms of solvent displacement reactions depend on the electronic and steric properties of the solvents and L, as well as the identities of the metal atoms. The strengths of solvent-metal bonding interactions, varying from ca. 7 to 16 kcal/mol, and the bonding "modes" of solvents to metals are sensitive to the structures of the solvent molecules and the identities of the metal centers. The results indicate dissociative desolvation pathways for many arene solvents in (solvent)Cr(CO)_5 (solvent = benzene, fluorobenzene, toluene, etc.) complexes, and are consistent with competitive interchange and dissociative pathways for (n-heptane)M(CO)_5. Different types of (arene)-Cr(CO)_5 interactions were suggested for chlorobenzene (CB) vs. fluorobenzene and other non-halogenated arenes, i.e. via σ-halogen-Cr bond formation in the CB solvate vs. π-arene-Cr bond formation through "isolated" double bonds in solvates of the other arenes. The data also indicate the increasing importance of interchange pathways for solvent displacement from the solvates of Mo and W vs. that of Cr.

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Books on the topic "Solventi organici"

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Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 3rd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Reichardt, Christian. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 3rd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Reichardt, C. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 2nd ed. Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany: VCH, 1988.

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Reichardt, C. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 4th ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2010.

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Reichardt, C. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 3rd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Reichardt, Christian, and Thomas Welton. Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527632220.

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Handbook of organic solvents. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1995.

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Handbook of organic solvent properties. London: Arnold, 1996.

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service), Wiley InterScience (Online, ed. Solvent-free organic synthesis. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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Tanaka, Koichi. Solvent-free organic synthesis. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solventi organici"

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Schliemann, S., A. Boman, and J. E. Wahlberg. "Organic Solvents." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40221-5_63-2.

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Boman, A., and J. E. Wahlberg. "Organic Solvents." In Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, 679–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07677-4_84.

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Schliemann, Sibylle, Anders Boman, and Jan E. Wahlberg†. "Organic Solvents." In Kanerva's Occupational Dermatology, 701–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02035-3_63.

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Bruckner, James V. "Organic Solvents." In Mammalian Toxicology, 187–218. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118683484.ch9.

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Boman, A., and J. E. Wahlberg. "Organic Solvents." In Condensed Handbook of Occupational Dermatology, 407–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18556-4_37.

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Schliemann, Sibylle, Anders Boman, and J. E. Wahlberg. "Organic Solvents." In Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, 953–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68617-2_63.

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Bruneau, Christian, and Cédric Fischmeister. "Olefin Metathesis in Green Organic Solvents and without Solvent." In Olefin Metathesis, 523–35. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118711613.ch22.

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Shaikh, Mohammed Abid, and Xudong Huang. "Organic Ionic Liquids: Ultimate Green Solvents in Organic Synthesis." In Green Solvents II, 473–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2891-2_17.

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Shanefield, Daniel J. "Solvents." In Organic Additives and Ceramic Processing, 171–210. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6103-0_7.

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Livingston, A. G., L. G. Peeva, and P. Silva. "Organic Solvent Nanofiltration." In Membrane Technology, 203–28. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527608788.ch11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solventi organici"

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Hayyan, Adeeb. "Eutectic solvent as co-solvent for oil extraction from plant seeds." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/niod6594.

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In this study, oil extraction form flaxseeds using n-hexane and novel co-solvent called deep eutectic solvents (DESs). DES is relativity green solvent in comparison to ionic liquids and they are alternative to organic solvent. Different organic solvents were screened and oil extraction operating conditions were optimized. The addition of DES to n-hexane can significantly reduce extraction temperature in comparison to n-hexane alone. Application of green solvents in oil extraction field can reduce the energy consumption and operational risks associated with the use of flammable organic solvents.

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Mathews, Tanya Ann, Paul Azzu, Jairo Cortes, and Berna Hascakir. "Effective Extraction of a Heavy Oil Resource by an Environmentally Friendly Green Solvent: Limonene." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210138-ms.

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Abstract Global oil consumption is predicted to increase by 15% from 2021 to 2050. The increasing oil demand and decreasing conventional oil supply force us to find alternate energy supplies. The key to this problem lies with the vast untapped heavy oil and bitumen resources. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of an environmentally friendly solvent, limonene, in recovering heavy oil. Three core flood experiments representing three different recovery methods were carried out. These include steam flooding (E1), solvent flooding (E2), and solvent-steam co-injections (E3). The green solvent, limonene, is a citrus-based non-toxic solvent. It was chosen due to its high organic solvency and ready availability. Throughout the experiments, steam was injected at a cold water equivalent of 18 ml/min, while limonene was injected at 2 ml/min. The experiments were run with a back pressure of 45-55 psi. The core pack was prepared by filling the pore space of Ottawa sand with a 60% heavy oil sample and 40% water by volume (including water percentage in oil). Produced oil and water samples were collected every 20 min during the experiments. These samples were further analyzed by emulsion characterization to determine emulsion stability and oil quality. Spent rock analyses were done to calculate the displacement efficiency of each of the experiments. In addition, an economic analysis was done to determine the optimal recovery method. Spent rock analysis showed that a sole injection of limonene (E2) had the highest oil recovery. This confirms the high organic solvency of limonene achieved miscible flooding producing about 46 vol % from a total of 60 vol % initial oil. Steam flooding (E1), on the other hand, did not perform as well, producing around 29 vol %. The post-mortem sample from E1 indicated asphaltene precipitation which could have lowered oil recovery. Co-injection of limonene and steam was expected to yield the highest recovery due to the presence of two active drive mechanisms, thermal and miscible flooding. However, it performed comparatively less (41 vol %) than a sole injection of limonene (E2). This is further explained with emulsion characterization results. Experiments involving steam (E1 and E2) revealed strong emulsions in the oil produced, indicating a lower quality. Furthermore, it was seen that the solvent-steam process produced weaker emulsions compared to steam flooding alone. On the other hand, solvent flooding (E2) produced high-quality oil with little to no emulsions. These results along with the economic analysis, indicate that the optimal recovery method would be solvent flooding (E2). Our results prove that limonene is a promising organic solvent. Limonene is non-toxic, readily available, and safe to handle. As a result, it can be a safe green alternative to commonly used toxic organic solvents such as toluene.

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Bhutani, Garima, Vivek Yadav, Anita Yadav, and Arijit K. De. "Impulsive Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Synergistic Effects in Binary Mixture of Deep Eutectic Solvents and an Organic Co-solvent." In Laser Science. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ls.2022.lw6f.4.

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In this work, synergistic effects or hydrogen bond acceptor - donor (HBA - HBD) interactions in the binary mixture of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with organic co-solvent, are investigated using impulsive stimulated Raman spectroscopy (ISRS).

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Coppersthwaite, Duncan, Howard Greenwood, Tahera Docrat, Sarah Allinson, Ruqayyah Sultan, and Sarah May. "Processing Liquid Organic Wastes at the NNL Preston Laboratory." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96071.

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Organic compounds of various kinds have been used in the nuclear industry for numerous duties in uranium chemical, metal and ceramic processing plants. In the course of the various operations undertaken, these organic compounds have become contaminated with uranic material, either accidentally or as an inevitable part of the process. Typically, the chemical/physical form and/or concentration of the uranic content of the organics has prevented disposal. In order to address the issue of contaminated liquid organic wastes, the National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) has developed a suite of treatments designed to recover uranium and to render the waste suitable for disposal. The developed processes are operated at industrial scale via the NNL Preston Laboratory Residue Processing Plant. The Oil Waste Leaching (OWL) Process is a fully industrialised process used for the treatment of contaminated oils with approximately 200 tonnes of uranium contaminated oil being treated to date. The process was originally developed for the treatment of contaminated tributyl phosphate and odourless kerosene which had been adsorbed onto sawdust. However, over the years, the OWL process has been refined for a range of oils including “water emulsifiable” cutting oils, lubricating oils, hydraulic oils/fluids and “Fomblin” (fully fluorinated) oils. Chemically, the OWL process has proved capable of treating solvents as well as oils but the highly volatile/flammable nature of many solvents has required additional precautions compared with those required for oil treatment. These additional precautions led to the development of the Solvent Treatment Advanced Rig (STAR), an installation operated under an inert atmosphere. STAR is a small “module” (100 dm3 volume) which allows the treatment of both water miscible and immiscible solvents. This paper discusses the challenges associated with the treatment of liquid organic wastes and the process developments which have allowed a wide range of materials to be successfully treated.

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Davood Abadi Farahani, Mohammad Hossein. "Organic solvent nanofiltration membrane for vegetable oil refining." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/srfh3809.

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Membrane separation technology has been receiving much attention for processing vegetable oils due to its potential advantages over conventional purification techniques. Based on the molecular weights and their interactions with the membrane, various solutes can be removed or purified using this technology. However, one of the major challenges is that the membrane has to be chemically inert to organic solvents such as hexane or acetone. Thus, many studies have been focused on developing chemically resistant membranes for specific industrial applications. Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membranes is one of the potential energy efficient and sustainable separation processes that can drastically change the way solvents are recovered and free fatty acids (FFA) are removed in the vegetable oil industry. Seppure's patented GreenMem Series can process vegetable oil in acetone and hexane, achieving high product purity at relatively mild conditions (25 €“ 60°C, 10 €“ 30 bar). This results in up to 90% lower energy consumption and CO2e emissions as well as up to 30-50% lower operating costs compared to the conventional separation processes. GreenMem Series membranes show a high pure solvent flux of 30 €“ 40 LMH for acetone and hexane as well as high rejection towards oil molecules >95%. Moreover, 99% of FFA can be removed from a solvent/FFA mixture using multi-pass filtration system, which can be implemented in a unique membrane system to separate oil/FFA/solvent from each other. Moreover, GreenMem system can be implemented in both continuous and batch processes. Just like many other membrane technologies, its modularity makes it easy to be scaled up based on production capacity to augment existing processes. It is envisioned that OSN technology provides both positive economic and environmental impacts on the vegetable oil industry.

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Cizek, Jan, Radek Musalek, Jan Medricky, Tomas Tesar, Frantisek Lukac, Tomas Chraska, and Daniel Dukovsky. "Suspension Spraying Tip: High Molecular Weight Solvent." In ITSC2021, edited by F. Azarmi, X. Chen, J. Cizek, C. Cojocaru, B. Jodoin, H. Koivuluoto, Y. C. Lau, et al. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2021p0548.

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Abstract In suspension spraying, the two most frequently used solvents are water and ethanol. In this study, we test a potential alternative, a high-molecular weight solvent. Two organic solvents are compared: ethanol (serving as a benchmark, suspension formulated at 10 wt.% solid load) and di-propylene glycol methyl ether (two suspensions at 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%). Submicron alpha-alumina powder is used as a model material to formulate the suspensions. It is shown that ethanol- and ether-based-feedstock coatings are fully comparable in terms of their microstructure, porosity content, surface roughness, and hardness. However, the ether-based coatings exhibit slightly higher levels of α-Al2O3 phase than their ethanol-based counterpart (17 wt.% vs. 6 wt.%). The use of 20 wt.% solid load in the ether solvent leads to a twofold increase in the deposition rate while, as opposed to ethanol, successfully retaining a dense microstructure. Ether also costs less than ethanol and is safer to handle.

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Konrade, Daiga, and Kriss Spalvins. "Extraction of bioactives from pumpkin by-products and determination of their antioxidant activity." In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.016.

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Agro-industrial and food processing from pumpkins (Cucurbitaceae) produces a large number of by-products: bark, pomace, seeds still rich in bioactive compounds, especially carotenoids and green pigments (proto chlorophyll (a and b) and proto pheophytin (a and b)), which exhibit a broad spectrum of health-promoting effects and can be used as ingredients in functional food and cosmetics. For extraction of bioactive compounds from dried pumpkin by-products different methods were used: supercritical CO2, Soxhlet extraction with n- hexane, ethanol. Vegetable oils (rapeseed, coconut, grapeseed and olive oil) were used as green solvent alternatives to conventional organic solvents for carotenoid extraction. Detection and analyses of chlorophylls and carotenoids was done with hexane/acetone, cyclohexane, ethanol as solvents. The aim of this study was to use pumpkin by-products for extraction of high-value bioactive compounds with different methods, to determine antioxidant´s content and profile – carotenoids (ß-carotene, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin), pigments (chlorophylls a, chlorophylls b) with different solvents and to find out what solvent can be used for detection of pigments and carotenoids; to determine antiradical scavenging activity of biologically active compounds in extracts from pumpkin by-products (peel and hulled seeds).

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Mienis, Esther, and Imogen Foubert. "Effect of ultrasound disruption on lipid extraction from Nannochloropsis sp." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/kvad7452.

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Photoautotrophic microalgae are a novel source of biomass rich in lipids containing nutritionally interesting n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA). However, microalgae incorporated into foods as whole biomass may lead to limited n-3 LC-PUFA uptake by the human body. Incorporation of microalgal oil instead of whole biomass is an interesting alternative. The extraction efficiency of these lipids can be enhanced by adding a cell disruption step during lipid extraction. Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) to enhance lipid recovery from microalgae has been covered in recent literature. UAE is used to speed up lipid extraction for analytical purposes or for industrially applicable lipid extraction of microalgae. In addition, the ultrasonication and lipid extraction by organic solvents of microalgal biomass has been performed in different set-ups: simultaneous ultrasonication and lipid extraction or ultrasonication and subsequent lipid extraction, ultrasonication of wet biomass or dry biomass. Often, no reference method is included to which the lipid extraction efficiency using UAE is compared and the total lipid content of the biomass is not always specified making it impossible to calculate the extraction efficiency. Therefore, the effectiveness of this cell disruption technique for industrial microalgae processing has not consistently been proven in literature. This study investigates the effect of UAE of Nannochloropsis sp. biomass on the lipid extraction efficiency and the lipid quality, expressed as free fatty acid content and peroxide value. The effect of UAE on wet and dry biomass in the absence or presence of organic solvents is compared. The effect of the solvent system, ultrasonication power and ultrasonication time is studied.The results show that the lipid extraction efficiency increases after UAE. The presence of some solvent systems leads to higher lipid extraction efficiency when UAE is performed on dry biomass compared to wet biomass while for other solvent systems, this is reversed.

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Moreno-Hernandez, Lizbeth, Santiago Ospina-Rivas, Urel Andreas Espadín - Davila, Marko Jeran, and Rigoberto Barrios-Francisco. "Dehydrogenation of Hantzsch Dihydropyridines with Hetero-geneous Cobalt Oxide Catalyst Supported in N-Doped Acti-vated Carbon." In Socratic Lectures 7. University of Lubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2022.d17.

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Hantzsch dihydropyridines represent an important source of hydrogen to be transfered to other un-saturated organic molecules, leading the formation of pyridine aromatic ring as driving force. The hydrogen transfer process was evaluated using 1,4-dyhydropyridines and heterogeneous cobalt cat-alyst supported over N-doped activated carbon. The 4-position of the dihydropyridine ring was sub-stituted with H (4a), Me (4b) and Ph (4c) groups, showing that only 1 reacted to yield the correspond-ing pyridine compound indicating that the presence of steric hindrance took place on the reaction. Additionally; three solvents –tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, and acetonitrile– were tested, showing reactivity only with unsaturated ones, but not with THF. This observation indicates that dihydro-pyridine works as hydrogen donor and solvent as hydrogen aacceptor in the hydrogen transfer pro-cess. Keywords: Hantzsch dihyropyridine; Heterogeneous cobalt oxide catalyst; Hydrogen transfer; Unsaturated solvents

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Xia, Chunguang, Howon Lee, and Nicholas X. Fang. "3D Polymeric Devices Driven by Surface Micro Fluidic Capillaries." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70115.

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A unique method of controlling polymer swelling locally is proposed in this work. This method relies on the novel 3D micro fabrication technology, Projection Micro strereolithography (PuSL) [1], to create capillary network in polymeric structures. The capillary network not only transports the liquid (water or organic solvents) to specific locations by capillary force when swelling is needed, but also depletes the solvent in the structure by evaporation to stop swelling. As a demonstration, functional cantilever of Poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) driven by surface capillary is designed and tested. Integration of these functional capillary provides the way of 3D polymeric actuation.

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Reports on the topic "Solventi organici"

1

COWLEY, W. L. Organic solvent topical report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/782332.

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Cowley, W. L. Organic solvent topical report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148843.

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SANDGREN, K. R. Organic solvent technical basis document. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810662.

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4

Huckaby, J. L., and D. S. Sklarew. Screening for organic solvents in Hanford waste tanks using organic vapor concentrations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/552804.

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Meacham, J. E. Strategy of Resolution of the Organic Complexant and Organic Solvent Safety Issues. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/329773.

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COWLEY, W. L. Organic Solvent Tropical Report [SEC 1 and 2]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/803925.

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Peter, J. M., M. G. Gadd, C. Jiang, and J. Reyes. Organic geochemistry and petrology of sedimentary exhalative Pb-Zn and polymetallic hyper-enriched black shale deposits in the Selwyn Basin, Yukon. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328017.

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Paleozoic strata of the Selwyn Basin host sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) Pb-Zn deposits, and age-correlative strata of the Richardson trough host polymetallic hyper-enriched black shale (HEBS) deposits. In both deposit types, organic matter is spatially and temporally associated with mineralization. We investigated the characteristics of organic matter in mineralization and unmineralized host rocks in the XY Central SEDEX deposit in the Howard's Pass district, and the Nick and Peel River HEBS deposits in the Richardson trough using Rock-Eval pyrolysis, organic petrography, and solvent extraction and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of the soluble organic matter (SOM). All samples experienced extremely high thermal maturity (Tmax up to 599°C), indicating they contain low SOM. Rock-Eval parameters S1, S2, HI, and OI values are low. Total organic carbon (TOC) values are low for Nick and Peel River and are generally higher for XY Central. Residual carbon values are universally high. Mineral carbon values are low for deposits studied (one outlier). Pyrobitumen reflectance is mostly below 5.80%. Full-scan GCMS analyses of SOM reveal that most, if not all, high molecular weight hydrocarbons, including biomarkers, have been lost due to thermal cracking and many detected peaks are likely due to contaminants introduced during sampling.

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Zavarin, M., P. Zhao, M. Lane, J. Oakdale, E. Balboni, K. Morrison, J. Ottaway, and K. Blobaum. Radiolysis of Organic Solvents in the Presence of Plutonium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1893587.

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Martin, Leigh R. Investigation of HNO2 Production in Solvent Extraction Organic Phases. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1173086.

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Gerber, M. Permeation of Tank C-103 sludge simulant by organic solvent. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/61070.

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