Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solvent media

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Solvent media'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Solvent media"

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Kurniawansyah, Firman. "Pengembangan Teknologi Berbasis Media Air Subkritis dan CO2 Bertekanan untuk Intensifikasi Proses." Jurnal Rekayasa Proses 13, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jrekpros.41868.

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A B S T R A C TGreen solvent, an environmentally friendly solvent in form of subcritical water (SBCW) and pressurized CO2, has been used as media in process intensification. It has characteristic of having low or even zero toxicity. Hence it can simplify purification procedure. In this communication, development of technology applications of those green solvents, i.e. extraction, particle synthesis, and reaction engineering, is briefly presented. In general, studies show a positive utilization of green solvents of subcritical water and pressurized CO2. For example, in pectin extraction, yield up to 90% has been obtained when the combined solvent was used. In another application, hydrolysis using SBCW-CO2 as combined solvent has facilitated 100% conversion of pinene.Keywords: carbon dioxide; intensification process; subcritical water A B S T R A KGreen solvent, yakni pelarut yang ramah lingkungan dalam bentuk air subkritis (subcritical water, SBCW) dan CO2 bertekanan yang telah dikembangkan untuk media pemrosesan, sebagai salah satu upaya intensifikasi proses. Solven ini dikatakan ramah lingkungan karena tingkat toksisitas air subkritis maupun CO2 sangat rendah, atau bahkan tidak ada sama sekali, sehingga mempersingkat prosedur purifikasi. Pada artikel pendek ini, pengembangan aplikasi teknologi tersebut diulas sebagai telaah (review) pendek dalam teknologi pemisahan (ekstraksi), sintesis partikel, dan rekayasa reaksi. Hasil-hasil studi pada umumnya memberi konfirmasi positif tentang potensi pemakaian dua fluida ramah lingkungan, yaitu SBCW dan CO2, dalam rekayasa proses. Sebagai contoh pada studi ekstraksi pektin, proses menggunakan green solvent berhasil mencapai yield hingga 90%. Hasil serupa dapat dilihat dari konversi pinene melalui proses hidrolisis hingga mencapai 100%.Kata kunci: air subkritis; karbon dioksida; intensifikasi proses
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A. R. Rassoul, Ghiyath, and Laith S. Mahmmoud. "TREATING THE USED AUTOMOBILES OILS USING SOLVENTS." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2010.3.2.

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Used automobile oils were subjected to filtration to remove solid material and dehydration to remove water, gasoline and light components by using vacuum distillation under moderate pressure, and then the dehydrated waste oil is subjected to extraction by using liquid solvents. Two solvents, namely n-butanol and n-hexane were used to extract base oil from automobile used oil, so that the expensive base oil can be reused again.The recovered base oil by using n-butanol solvent gives (88.67%) reduction in carbon residue, (75.93%) reduction in ash content, (93.73%) oil recovery, (95%) solvent recovery and (100.62) viscosity index, at (5:1) solvent to used oil ratio and (40 oC) extraction temperature, while using n-hexane solvent gives (60.25%) reduction in carbon residue, (76.54%) reduction in ash content, (89.06%) oil recovery, (94.78%) solvent recovery and (100.3) viscosity index, at (6:1) solvent to used oil ratio and (50 oC) extraction temperature.
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Shakir, Firdews, Hussein Hussein, and Zeinab Abdulwahhab. "Upgrading of Sharqy Baghdad Heavy Oil via N-Hexane Solvent." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.8.

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Asphaltenes are a solubility class described as a component of crude oil with undesired characteristics. In this study, Sharqy Baghdad heavy oil upgrading was achieved utilizing the solvent deasphalting approach as asphaltenes are insoluble in paraffinic solvents; they may be removed from heavy crude oil by adding N-Hexane as a solvent to create deasphalted oil (DAO)of higher quality. This method is known as Solvent De-asphalting (SDA). Different effects have been assessed for the SDA process, such as solvent to oil ratio (4-16/1 ml/g), the extraction temperature (23 ºC) room temperature and (68 ºC) reflux temperature at (0.5 h mixing time with 400 rpm mixing speed). The best solvent deasphalting results were obtained at room temperature and 12 ml/g solvents to oil ratio. As a result, the API of DAO was increased by 9.3º compared to the API of Sharqy Baghdad heavy oil. The asphaltene reduction was 61.56%. The Sulfur removal was 32.8%, the Vanadium removal was 36.48%, and the Nickel removal was 46.21%.
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Hussein, Hussein Qasim, and Ali Laith Abdulkarim. "Investigation of Binary Solvents Performance for Regeneration of Iraqi 15W- 40 Waste Lubricant." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 17, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2016.4.8.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of binary solvent for regeneration of spent lubricating oil by extraction-flocculation process. The regeneration was investigated by bench scale experiments by using locally provided solvents (Heavy Naphtha, n-Butanol, and iso-Butanol). Solvents to used oil, mixing time, mixing speed and temperatures were studied as operating parameters. The performance on three estimated depended key parameters, namely the percentage of base oil recovered (Yield), percent of oil loss (POL), and the percent of sludge removal (PSR) were used to evaluate the efficiency of the employed binary solvent on extraction process. The best solvent to solvent ratio for binary system were 30:70 for Heavy Naphtha : n-Butanol (N:n-But) and Heavy Naphtha : iso-Butanol (N:iso-But). The optimum solvent to oil ratio or critical clarifying ratio (CCR) were 3.4, and 3.8 for N : n-But, and N : iso-But respectively. The optimized operating mixing time, mixing speed, and temperature which result in, maximum recovered base oil (87.75% and 88.88%), minimum oil losses (8.46% and 3.62%), and maximum sludge removal (5.63% and 6.12%), were (45 min, 700 rpm, 35 oC), and (30 min, 700 rpm, 35 oC ) for N:n-But, and N:Iso-But respectively.
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Hemdan, Sokaina, Asma Al Jebaly, and Fatma Ali. "The Impacts of Various Media on the Electronic Spectrum of Aniline Violet." Academic Journal of Research and Scientific Publishing 2, no. 24 (April 5, 2021): 28–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52132/ajrsp.e.2021.242.

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The solvent impact can be decided by Solvent polarity scales, a solvatochromic parameter that has a distinctive position of UV-Visible absorption band within the extend between 250 and 700 nm. The spectral characteristics of Aniline Violet in several solvents at room temperature were analyzed which is that the point of considering the impact of solvents on the absorption spectra of this cationic dye in organic solvent of distinctive characters. The solvent impacts on the wavenumber of the absorption band maxima (max) were talked about utilizing the taking after solvent parameters, refractive index, n, relative permittivity, ε and therefore the empirical solvent polarity ET (30), (*,  and ) and (SA, SB, SP and SPd). The solute–solvent interactions were decided on the premise of multilinear solvation energy relationships concept. The fitting coefficients gotten from this analysis allowed us to estimate the contribution of each type of interactions to the total spectral shifts in solution. The set up dependences between max and the solvent parameters emphasize that the visible band of the examined molecule is influenced by both non-specific and specific solute–solvent interactions. The results appeared the solvent polarizability has major impact on the spectral shift instead of hydrogen bonding accepting ability. Catalan strategy show higher acceptable correlation than Kamlet-Taft methodology and Katritzky methodology. The dissociation constant pKa and the isosbestic point of the explored compound were shown the presence of the individual predominate ionic species was assigned by constructing distribution charts at diverse pH ranges. The results showed that the relative permittivity constant, ε, is important factor affecting on the magnitude of the dissociation constant beside the hydrogen bonding of the solvent.
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Roux, Denis C. D., Isabelle Jeacomine, Guillaume Maîtrejean, François Caton, and Marguerite Rinaudo. "Characterization of Agarose Gels in Solvent and Non-Solvent Media." Polymers 15, no. 9 (April 30, 2023): 2162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092162.

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Agarose is known to form a homogeneous thermoreversible gel in an aqueous medium over a critical polymer concentration. The solid-liquid phase transitions are thermoreversible but depend on the molecular structure of the agarose sample tested. The literature has mentioned that agarose gels could remain stable in non-solvents such as acetone or ethanol. However, there has been no characterization of their behavior nor a comparison with the gels formed in a good solvent such as water. In the first step of this article, the structure was characterized using 1H and 13C NMR in both D2O and DMSO-d6 solvents. DMSO is a solvent that dissolves agarose regardless of the temperature. First, we have determined a low yield of methyl substitution on the D-galactose unit. Then, the evolution of the 1H NMR spectrum was monitored as a function of temperature during both increasing and decreasing temperature processes, ranging from 25 to 80 °C. A large thermal hysteresis was obtained and discussed, which aided in the interpretation of rheological behavior. The hysteresis of NMR signals is related to the mobility of the agarose chains, which follows the sol/gel transition depending on the chains’ association with H-bonds between water and the -OH groups of agarose for tightly bound water and agarose/agarose in chain packing. In the second step of the study, the water in the agarose gel was exchanged with ethanol, which is a non-solvent for agarose. The resulting gel was stable, and its properties were characterized using rheology and compared to its behavior in aqueous media. The bound water molecules that act as plasticizers were likely removed during the exchange process, resulting in a stronger and more brittle gel in ethanol, with higher thermal stability compared to the aqueous gel. It is the first time that such gel is characterized without phase transition when passing from a good solvent to a non-solvent. This extends the domains of application of agarose.
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Di Carmine, Graziano, Andrew P. Abbott, and Carmine D'Agostino. "Deep eutectic solvents: alternative reaction media for organic oxidation reactions." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 6, no. 4 (2021): 582–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0re00458h.

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A. Mohammed, Abdul-Halim, and Mohammed J. Yass Kheder. "The Effect of Extraction Temperature and Solvent to Oil Ratio on Viscosity Index of Mixed-medium Lubricating Oil Fraction by Using Solvents Extraction." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2009): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2009.2.3.

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In this study two types of extraction solvents were used to extract the undesirable polyaromatics, the first solvent was furfural which was used today in the Iraqi refineries and the second was NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone).The studied effecting variables of extraction are extraction temperature ranged from 70 to 110°C and solvent to oil ratio in the range from 1:1 to 4:1.The results of this investigation show that the viscosity index of mixed-medium lubricating oil fraction increases with increasing extraction temperature and reaches 107.82 for NMP extraction at extraction temperature 110°C and solvent to oil ratio 4:1, while the viscosity index reaches to 101 for furfural extraction at the same extraction temperature and same solvent to oil ratio. The increase in solvent to oil ratio has a higher effect on increasing the viscosity index of lubricating oil fraction compared with extraction temperature in furfural and NMP extraction.Further more, the results show that the percentage yield of raffinate was decreased as the extraction temperature and solvent to oil ratio increases for furfural and NMP extraction.
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Shakir, Ibtehal k., and Muslim A. Qasim. "Extraction of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Lube Oil Using Different Co-Solvent." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2015.1.8.

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An investigation was conducted effect of addition co- solvent on solvent extraction process for two types of a lubricating oil fraction (spindle) and (SAE-30) obtained from vacuum distillation unit of lube oil plant of Daura Refinery. In this study two types of co-solvents ( formamide and N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone) were blended with furfural to extract aromatic hydrocarbons which are the undesirable materials in raw lubricating oil, in order to improve the viscosity index, viscosity and yield of produced lubricating oil. The studied operating condition are extraction temperature range from 70 to 110 °C for formamide and 80 to 120 °C for N-methyl, 2, pyrrolidone, solvent to oil ratio range from 1:1 to 2:1 (wt./wt.) for furfural with formamide extraction and 1:1 to 3:1 (wt./wt.) for furfural with NMP extraction. The results of the investigation show that the viscosity index of lubricating oil fraction increases while viscosity and percentage yield of raffinate decreases with increasing extraction temperature, the solvent to oil ratio and co-solvent to furfural ratio. For formamide the best temperature were 90 °C, furfural to co-solvent ratio (60:40) and solvent to lube oil ratio (1.5:1) to get best value of viscosity index 102, viscosity 3.01 cst and 69.23 % yield. While for NMP co-solvent 110 °C extraction temperature, (2:1) solvent to lube oil ratio and (60:40) furfural to co-solvent ratio, to produce lube oil with 96 viscosity index, 9.10 cst viscosity and 68.50 yield.
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Istyami, Astri Nur, Tatang Hernas Soerawidjaja, Tirto Prakoso, and Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati. "Performance of Various Organic Solvents as Reaction Media in Plant Oil Lipolysis with Plant Lipase." Reaktor 18, no. 2 (August 24, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.2.71-75.

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Fatty acids are intermediate substances in synthesis of oleochemical products. Enzymatic technology of fatty acids production (also known as lipolysis) is now developing as potential substitution for the conventional production of fatty acid, i.e. thermal hydrolysis of triglyceride. It offers more economical process condition, low energy consumption, and minimal product degradation compared to the conventional process. This research aims to evaluate performance of various organic solvents as reaction media in lipolysis with plant latex lipase. Organic solvents observed were chloroform, n-hexane, diethyl ether, benzene, acetone, ethanol, methanol, n-heptane, and isooctane. Analysis of each organic solvent effect on lipolysis was described based on solvents properties. Conversion of lipolysis with organic solvents is 0,10-1,25 times fold compared to conversion of non-solvent lipolysis. We suggest that dielectric constant and viscosity are the two main organic solvent properties affecting lipase performance in lipolysis. Overall, n-hexane, n-heptane, and isooctane are recommended to be used as reaction media in lipolysis with plant lipase because their effects to degree of lipolysis are positive. Keywords: lipolysis; lipase; organic solvent; frangipani
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solvent media"

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Bhattarai, Ajaya. "Polyelectrolyte-surfactant interactions in mixed solvent media." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1321.

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Fowler, Sandra Dee. "COPPER SOLVENT EXTRACTION FROM CHLORIDE-SULFATE MEDIA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275369.

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Choudhury, Ankan. "Physico-chemical investigation of solute-solute, solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions of some compounds in non-aqueous and mixed solvent media." Thesis, Th 541.34:C552p, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/704.

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Dioum, Ndeye. "Biocatalysis of immobilized lipoxygenase in organic solvent media." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0033/MQ64344.pdf.

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Khamessan, Ali. "Chlorophyllase biocatalysis of chlorophyll in organic solvent media." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28798.

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Cette recherche comprend l'etude de la bioacatalyse de la chlorophyllase partiellement purifiee a partir d'algue (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) dans differents milieux organiques incluant les solvants miscibles et non miscibles a l'eau et les systemes micellaires tertiaires. Les quantites optimales d'eau et de solvant, choisi en fonction de son degre d'hydrophobicite et incluant l'acetone, l'ethanol, le propanol, le butanol, le pentanol, l'hexanol, le toluene, le pentane, l'hexane, l'heptane et l'octane, necessaire a la catalyse de l'effet hydrolytique de la chlorophyllase, ont ete mesurees. Les valeurs d $V sb{ rm max}$ obtenues mesurant l'activite hydrolytique de la chlorophyllase sont plus elevees chez les solvants miscibles a l'eau (log P 0.8). L'activite hydrolytique de la chlorophyllase decroit d'approximativement 12 fois lorsque le nombre de carbone pour les alcools, passent de 2 a 5. Certains resultats a partir du FTIR ("Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy") tendent a montrer que le phytol pourrait agir comme un donneur d'electron, ainsi, si un compose nucleophilique approprie est ajoute a un syteme biphasique, la solubilite de la chlorophylle dans l'hexane augmentera et l'activite hydrolytique de la chlorophyllase augmentera. En milieu biphasique (hexane/eau), l'addition de solvants polaires tels que l'acetone, l'ethanol, et le propanol augmente l'activite de la chlorophyllase et ce seulement a certaines concentrations. La mesure optimale de l'activite hydrolytique de la chlorophyllase en milieu micellaire tertiaire (tampon/hexane/surfactant) utilisant les polysorbates et les Spans ainsi que differentes chai nes hydrophobiques comme surfactant indique que les concentrations necessaires de surfactants sont dependantes a la fois de la chai ne hydrophobique et du groupement polaire. Toutefois, l'utilisation du Span 85 s'est avere plus approprie et les valeurs de $V sb{ rm max}$ obtenues mesurant l'activite enzymatique de la chlorophyllase sont 288 fois
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Spadina, Mario. "Solvation and Ion Specificity in Complex Media." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS020/document.

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Le but de cette thèse était de créer des modèles pour deux applications qui apparaissent couramment en chimie séparative, à savoir la séparation solide-liquide et la séparation liquide-liquide. L'avantage de la modélisation est manifeste dans les deux cas. L'étude fondamentale des propriétés des ions et de leur solvatation dans les milieux complexes, en tenant compte de façon simplifié des différents effets mis en jeu, nous a permis de construire un cadre qui utile aussi bien aux chimistes en laboratoire qu’aux ingénieurs lors de la conception des procédés. Nous avons adapté cette stratégie sur deux systèmes différents, qui peuvent tous deux être considérés comme complexes. Le premier système modèle pour étudier la séparation solide-liquide était des nanotubes de TiO2 dispersés dans une solution aqueuse. Ce système a été étudié au moyen de la Théorie de la Fonctionnelle de la Densité Classique couplée à une méthode de régulation de charge, au sein de l'ensemble Grand-Canonique. La méthode s'est avérée efficace pour établir la description complète des propriétés de charge des nanotubes de TiO2. Dans ce cas, nous nous sommes intéressés à obtenir la description de l'ion à l'intérieur des nanotubes chargés sous l'influence du champ électrique (créé par les nanotubes). Les calculs ont prédit des effets tels que la différence de charge de surface entre la surface externe et la surface interne, ou la violation de l'électroneutralité à l'intérieur des nanotubes. Il a été démontré que le modèle était en accord avec les données expérimentales. De plus, la méthode peut être utilisée directement pour prédire diverses techniques de titrage. Une simple généralisation de l'approche proposée permettra d'étudier l'efficacité d'adsorption réelle du procédé de séparation solide-liquide. Le second système modèle concerne l'étude du procédé d'extraction liquide-liquide et il comprend trois parties distinctes. Les trois parties ont été consacrées aux cas des extractants non ioniques, puis acides (échangeurs d'ions), et enfin aux mélanges synergiques d'extractants. Un modèle simple de thermodynamique statistique, dans lequel nous avons incorporé certains des concepts bien établis en chimie colloïdale, a fourni une approche de type matière molle pour calculer le processus à l'échelle de l'ingénieur. Nous avons développé une approche classique d'équilibres simples pour une compréhension plus large et plus intuitive de la formation des agrégats polydisperses dans l'extraction liquide-liquide. La principale conclusion présentée est que l’on doit proposer un nouveau paradigme pour la chimie : à l'équilibre, de nombreux agrégats de composition très différente mais similaires en énergie libre, coexistent. Avec la polydispersité obtenue, nous avons ainsi proposé un outil pour étudier un comportement plus "global" de l'extraction liquide-liquide. Cela nous a poussés à passer des considérations classiques d'isothermes d'extraction à celles plus précises des " cartes " d’extraction. Un grand soin a été apporté à l'étude de la synergie puisqu'il s'agit d'une important question depuis 60 ans dans la communauté scientifique et industrielle de la séparation. A notre connaissance, la première rationalisation quantitative de la synergie d’extraction a été proposée dans le cadre de cette thèse. Les effets sous-jacents des contrôles enthalpique et entropique sur la structuration des phases organiques ont été découplés et étudiés en détail. Nous espérons que cette thèse a démontré l'importance de la modélisation mésoscopique sur des exemples pratiques utilisés à la fois par les chimistes et les ingénieurs
The object of this thesis was to create models for two applications which readily appear in separation chemistry, namely the solid-liquid and the liquid-liquid extractions. The benefit of modelling in both cases is twofold. Studying the fundamental properties of ions and their solvation properties in the complex media, and simplifying the expression for important effects, enables us to construct the framework which can be used by both chemists in the laboratory, as well as the chemical engineers in the process design. For two applications we adapted two different systems, both of which can be considered as complex. The model system to study the solid-liquid separation were TiO$_{mathrm{2}}$ nanotubes dispersed in the aqueous solution. This system was studied by the means of Classical Density Functional Theory coupled with the charge regulation method, within the Grand-canonical ensemble. Indeed, the method proved to be successful in establishing the full description of the charge properties of TiO$_{mathrm{2}}$ nanotubes. In this case, we were interested in obtaining the description of ion inside the charged nanotubes under influence by the electric field (exhibited by nanotubes). Calculations predicted effects such as the difference in surface charge between the outer and the inner surface, or the violation of electroneutrality inside the nanotubes. It was demonstrated that the model was in the agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the method can be directly used to predict titration for various techniques. A simple generalization of the proposed approach can be used to study the actual adsorption efficiency of the solid-liquid separation process. The model system to study the liquid-liquid extraction process included three distinct parts. The three parts were devoted to the cases on non-ionic, acidic ion exchangers, and finally the synergistic mixtures of extractants. Simple bulk statistical thermodynamics model, in which we incorporated some of the well-established concepts in colloidal chemistry provided a soft-matter approach for the calculation of actual engineering-scale processes. Were have expanded a classical simple equilibria approach to broader, more intuitive polydisperse aggregates formation that underlines the liquid-liquid extraction. The key finding can be presented as a current opinion or newly-proposed paradigm: at equilibrium, many aggregates completely different in composition but similar in free energy coexist. With obtained polydispersity, we were equipped with a tool to study a more 'global' behavior of liquid-liquid extraction. This urged us to pass our considerations of historical extraction isotherms to extraction 'maps'. Great care was devoted to the study of synergy since it is a 60-year old ongoing question in the separation industrial and science community. To our best knowledge, the first quantitative rationalization total synergistic extraction was proposed within this thesis. Underlying effects of enthalpy and entropy control on the organic phase structuring were decoupled and studied in detail. Hopefully, this thesis demonstrated the importance of mesoscopic modelling to assist both chemists and chemical engineers in practical examples
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Arriagada, Strodthoff Paula. "Optimization of biocatalysis of chlorophyllase in neat organic solvent media." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81263.

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The biocatalysis of a crude chlorophyllase extract, obtained from the biomass culture of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, in neat organic solvent media was investigated. The addition of selected excipients, including crown ether (enzyme:crown ether, 135:1--2.7:1, w/w), dextran (enzyme:dextran, 1:2--1:0.25, w/w), Span 40 and Span 60 (enzyme:Span, 1:2, w/w) and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (enzyme:AOT, 1:12.6, w/w), to the crude solid enzyme preparation decreased the chlorophyllase activity. The effects of selected parameters, including solvent hydrophobicity (Log P, 2.40--4.45), initial water activity (aw, 0.44--0.97), agitation speed (0--200 rpm), reaction temperature (25--45°C) and enzyme concentration (1.67--5.3 mg solid enzyme/mL) on chlorophyllase activity, were investigated using a crude solid enzyme. The experimental findings showed that the highest chlorophyllase specific activity of 362.4 nmol hydrolyzed chlorophyll/g solid enzyme/min and bioconversion yield of 90.7% were obtained with the hexane/octanone mixture (98.7:1.3, v/v), aw of 0.90, agitation speed of 200 rpm, reaction temperature of 35°C and enzyme concentration of 3.33 mg solid enzyme/mL.
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Nandi, Prabir. "Solution properties of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in acetonitrile-water mixed solvent media." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1350.

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Gurung, Bhoj Bahadur. "Physico-chemical studies on the solute-solvent interactions of some electrolytes in various single and binary solvent media." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/747.

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Brahman, Dhiraj. "PHYSICO-CHEMICAL STUDIES OF SOME SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES OF TRANSITION METALS IN PURE AND MIXED SOLVENT MEDIA." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/973.

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Books on the topic "Solvent media"

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Park, Sang Joon. Solvent extraction of nickel from nitrate media by DI(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid under high loading conditions. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Dissertation Services, 1996.

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Goddard, Richard Douglas. Immobilised lipases as biocatalysts in non-conventional media: Application of near-critical carbon dioxide as a solvent. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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J, Adams Dave, Dyson Paul J, and Tavener Stewart J, eds. Chemistry in alternative reaction media. Chichester, West Sussex, England: J. Wiley, 2004.

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Stark, Rebecca. Creative ventures: The media. Hawthorne, N.J: Educational Impressions, 1987.

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1961-, Abraham Martin A., Moens Luc 1957-, American Chemical Society. Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Clean solvents: Alternative media for chemical reactions and processing. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2002.

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Koichi, Mikami, ed. Green reaction media in organic synthesis. Oxford: Blackwell Pub., 2005.

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Dense chlorinated solvents in porous and fractured media: Model experiments. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publishers, 1988.

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Bunzel, Tom. Solving the powerpoint predicament: Using digital media for effective communication. Indianapolis, Ind: QUE, 2007.

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Solving the powerpoint predicament: Using digital media for effective communication. Indianapolis, Ind: QUE, 2007.

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Bunzel, Tom. Solving the powerpoint predicament: Using digital media for effective communication. Indianapolis, Ind: QUE, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solvent media"

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Schroeder, Jörg, and Jürgen Troe. "Pressure Dependence of Solvent Effects in Elementary Reactions in Dense Media." In Reaction Dynamics in Clusters and Condensed Phases, 361–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0786-0_25.

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Käiväräinen, Alex I. "Interactions between Macromolecules of Different Types and Proteins and Cells in Aqueous Media." In Solvent-Dependent Flexibility of Proteins and Principles of Their Function, 238–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5197-6_8.

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Ensor, Dale D., and Kenneth L. Nash. "Separation of Americium from Europium by Solvent Extraction from Aqueous Phosphonate Media." In Separations of f Elements, 143–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1406-4_10.

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Käiväräinen, Alex I. "Principles and Implications of the Dynamic Model of Behavior of Proteins in Aqueous Media." In Solvent-Dependent Flexibility of Proteins and Principles of Their Function, 14–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5197-6_2.

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Thakore, Ruchita R., and Balaram S. Takale. "CHAPTER 13. Environmentally Benign Media: Water, AOS, and Water/Organic Solvent Azeotropic Mixtures." In Sustainable Organic Synthesis, 362–90. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839164842-00362.

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Lagunas, M. Cristina, William R. Pitner, Jan-Albert van den Berg, and Kenneth R. Seddon. "Solvent-Solute Interactions in Ionic Liquid Media: Electrochemical Studies of the Ferricenium-Ferrocene Couple." In ACS Symposium Series, 421–38. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2003-0856.ch034.

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Foster, Neil R., and Roderick Sih. "Development of a Novel Precipitation Technique for the Production of Highly Respirable Powders: The Atomized Rapid Injection for Solvent Extraction Process." In Gas-Expanded Liquids and Near-Critical Media, 309–47. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1006.ch017.

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Yang, Qiaolin, and Dionysios D. Dionysiou. "Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Solvent Media for the Photolytic Degradation of Environmentally Important Organic Contaminants." In ACS Symposium Series, 182–98. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2005-0902.ch015.

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Sousa, C. S., M. Nascimento, I. O. C. Masson, and O. G. C. Cunha. "Modeling of Cobalt and Nickel Extraction by Solvent Extraction in Sulfate Media with D2EHPA in Isoparaffin (17/21)." In Supplemental Proceedings, 309–16. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062111.ch33.

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de los Ríos, A. P., F. J. Hernández-Fernández, L. J. Lozano, and C. Godínez. "Biocatalytic Reactions in Ionic Liquid Media." In Green Solvents II, 169–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2891-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solvent media"

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Wilson, James A., Jonathan D. Wehking, Mark Trautman, Mark E. Blue, and Ranganathan Kumar. "Modeling Phase Change Heat Transfer of Liquid/Vapor Systems in Free and Porous Media." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53232.

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Effective Solvent Extraction Incorporating Electromagnetic Heating (ESEIEH) is a relatively new concept that relies on Radio Frequency (RF) heating and solvents to replace steam in current thermal processes for the purpose of extracting bitumen from oil rich sands. The work presented here will further the understanding of the near wellbore flow and phase behavior of the ESEIEH process in order to better predict solvent vaporization dynamics and heat rates delivered to the pay zone. This numerical study details the aspects of phase change of liquid/vapor systems confined in porous media heated by electromagnetic radiation, and approximated by a volumetric heat source term in the energy equation. The objective of this work is to utilize the numerical methodology presented herein to predict liquid penetration depth in a heated isotropic porous matrix to avoid the over-saturation of liquid solvent in the pay zone. Results demonstrate the sensitivity of the liquid solvent penetration depth to the solvent delivery rate and the resulting temperature.
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Scherer, P. O. J. "Noise induced intramolecular electron transfer processes in polar media." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1992.fc4.

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In two recent papers the photoinduced electron transfer process within a porphyrin quinon cyclophane complex has been studied experimentally /1/ and theoretically /2/ as a model system for the photosynthetic reaction center. The observed rate of the charge separation process depends strongly on the solvent polarity. This dependence could be described analytically using macroscopic models for the dielectric behavior of the solvent. In general, however, such systems may show nonexponential behavior /3/ and the solvent dynamics has to be considered explicitly in a microscopic model. This is the aim of the present paper. We present a microscopic model for the solvent induced transition from the optically excited state (P*) to the charge separated state (CT). Due to its large permanent dipole moment the CT state energy fluctuates strongly in a polar environment. These fluctuations are modeled by a dichotomic process. The energy difference Δ=E(CT)-E(P*) is described as a random telegraph signal which switches between two values Δ+>0 and Δ−<0 . This process is characterized by its correlation time and the probability of finding Δ<0. As long as Δ<0 the transition P* −> CT takes place whereas in the opposite case Δ>0 the CT state may either decay into the ground state or the transfer may be reversed (see fig.1). The combination of solvent fluctuations plus intramolecular transitions is described by a master equation which can be solved analytically. The general solution shows multi exponential behavior. It contains the two limiting cases of slow and fast dielectric relaxation (as compared to the intramolecular transition rates) as special cases and is also able to describe the intermediate region where the timescales of solvent dynamics and intramolecular transitions are comparable.
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Smirnov, Igor, Ahmed Hamdy Aly Harb, Igor Balantsev, and Maria Karavan. "Yttrium-90 separation in carbonate media by solvent extraction." In RAD Conference. RAD Centre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21175/rad.abstr.book.2021.33.4.

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Smirnov, Igor, Ahmed Harb, Igor Balantsev, and Maria Karavan. "YTTRIUM-90 SEPARATION IN CARBONATE MEDIA BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION." In RAD Conference. RAD Centre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21175/radproc.2021.06.

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Telmadarreie, Ali, Christopher Johnsen, and Steven L. Bryant. "A Novel Hybrid Solvent-Based Complex Fluid for Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200857-ms.

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Abstract This study designs a novel complex fluid (foam/emulsion) using as main components gas, low-toxicity solvents (green solvents) which may promote oil mobilization, and synergistic foam stabilizers (i.e. nanoparticles and surfactants) to improve sweep efficiency. This nanoparticle-enabled green solvent foam (NGS-foam) avoids major greenhouse gas emissions from the thermal recovery process and improves the performance of conventional green solvent-based methods (non-thermal) by increasing the sweep efficiency, utilizing less solvent while producing more oil. Surfactants and nanoparticles were screened in static tests to generate foam in the presence of a water-soluble/oil-soluble solvent and heavy crude oil from a Canadian oil field (1600 cp). The liquid phase of NGS-foam contains surfactant, nanoparticle, and green solvent (GS) all dispersed in the water phase. Nitrogen was used as the gas phase. Fluid flow experiments in porous media with heterogeneous permeability structure mimicking natural environments were performed to demonstrate the dynamic stability of the NGS-foam for heavy oil recovery. The propagation of the pre-generated foam was monitored at 10 cm intervals over the length of porous media (40 cm). Apparent viscosity, pressure gradient, inline measurement of effluent density, and oil recovery were recorded/calculated to evaluate the NGS-foam performance. The outcomes of static experiments revealed that surfactant alone cannot stabilize the green solvent foam and the presence of carefully chosen nanoparticles is crucial to have stable foam in the presence of heavy oil. The results of NGS-foam flow in heterogeneous porous media demonstrated a step-change improvement in oil production such that more than 60% of residual heavy oil was recovered after initial waterflood. This value of residual oil recovery was significantly higher than other scenarios tested in this study (i.e. GS- water and gas co-injection, conventional foam without GS, GS-foam stabilized with surfactant only and GS-waterflood). The increased production occurred because NGS-foam remained stable in the flowing condition, improves the sweep efficiency and increases the contact area of the solvent with oil. The latter factor is significant: comparing to GS-waterflood, NGS-foam produces a unit volume of oil faster with less solvent and up to 80% less water. Consequently, the cost of solvent per barrel of incremental oil will be lower than for previously described solvent applications. In addition, due to its water solubility, the solvent can be readily recovered from the reservoir by post flush of water and thus re-used. The NGS-foam has several potential applications: recovery from post-CHOPS reservoirs (controlling mobility in wormholes and improving the sweep efficiency while reducing oil viscosity), fracturing fluid (high apparent viscosity to carry proppant and solvent to promote hydrocarbon recovery from matrix while minimizing water invasion), and thermal oil recovery (hot NGS-foam for efficient oil viscosity reduction and sweep efficiency improvement).
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Farzaneh, Seyed Amir, Riyaz Kharrat, and Mohammad Hossein Ghazanfari. "Experimental Investigation of Factors Affecting Miscible Two-Phase Flow in Fractured and Non-Fractured Micromodels." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62095.

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Micromodel is small-scale artificial model of porous medium which is known as a novel approach for simulating flow and transport in porous media. For better understanding the effect of fracture geometrical properties on oil recovery efficiency, a series of first contact miscible solvent injection process were conducted on horizontal glass micromodels at several fixed flow rate conditions. The micromodels were initially saturated with the heavy crude oil. The produced oil as a function of injected volume of solvents was measured using image analysis of the provided pictures. The concentration calibration curves of solvents in heavy crude oil were used for evaluating the solvents concentration. Several fractured and non-fractured quarter five-spot micromodels were generated by chemically etching process. The result of the experiments show that the produced oil decreased when the flow rate, fracture spacing, fracture discontinuity, fracture overlap, and fracture distribution were increased. In contrast, the produced oil increased, when the solvent viscosity, fracture orientation angles, fracture discontinuity-distribution and the number of fracture were increased. In addition, an optimum solvent composition is proposed.
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Brattekås, B., G. Ersland, and R. S. Seright. "Solvent Leakoff During Gel Placement in Fractures: Extension to Oil-Saturated Porous Media." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/190256-ms.

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Mullins, H. "167. Performance of Respirators Made from Electrostatic Media after Exposure to Solvent Vapors." In AIHce 2001. AIHA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2765683.

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Taheri-Shakib, J., E. Kazemzadeh, M. Rajabi-Kochi, H. Naderi, Y. Salimidelshad, and A. Shekarifard. "The Experimental Study for Elimination of Asphaltene Precipitation in Porous Media in Solvent Injection Treatment: Based on the Appropriate Solvent Selection Criteria." In Saint Petersburg 2018. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201800146.

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Bayestehparvin, Bita, and S. M. Farouq Ali. "Nonequilibrium Phase Behavior Plays a Role in Solvent-Aided Processes." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210016-ms.

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Abstract Several studies focused on experimental results of nonequilibrium phase behavior and its numerical implementation for solvent-aided recovery processes. However, there is a clear discrepancy between optimistic simulation results and the less than-favorable performance of pilot projects. The intent of the present study is to demonstrate the importance of nonequilibrium phenomena in terms of oil production, steam-oil ratio (SOR), and solvent-oil ratio. This evaluation is based on solvent type, process type, operational conditions, and reservoir properties. A pore-scale simulator was developed and used to investigate solvent propagation in porous media based on solvent properties (density, viscosity, and diffusion coefficient). Several models were used to investigate the effect of petrophysical properties, e.g. tortuosity, on the upscaled diffusion coefficient, dispersion tensor, and interfacial mass exchange coefficient. In the next step, an in-house thermal reservoir simulator, incorporating nonequilibrium phase behavior, was used to investigate the effect of the particular recovery process. The butane expanding-solvent steam-assisted gravity drainage (ES-SAGD) process with nonequilibrium assumption leads to a 50% reduction in incremental bitumen production in early stages compared with the result for equilibrium assumption. This number reduces to 20% when the chamber becomes mature. It is shown that lighter and more volatile solvents, such as propane show significant deviation from equilibrium behavior compared to heavier and less volatile solvents. The results for ES-SAGD show that close to the chamber edge or in the cold part of the reservoir, the ratio of nonequilibrium constants to standard K-values is very large which means that solvent/oil system is not at equilibrium. Inside the chamber, the temperature is higher which increases the diffusion coefficient of the solvent. In addition, the contact time for oil and solvent for gridblocks inside the chambers is high enough, so that the nonequilibrium constants are close to the K-values. It was found that nonequilibrium behavior can be diminished by increasing solvent-oil contact time in huff and puff processes. This study presents a systematic approach to evaluate a given solvent-aided recovery process from the pore to the reservoir scale and provides the guidelines to assess the importance of nonequilibrium phase behavior in both experiments and numerical studies. Based on the findings of this work, the performance of solvent-aided recovery processes can be predicted more realistically, and the process can be optimized for given operating and reservoir conditions and solvent type.
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Reports on the topic "Solvent media"

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Reboul, S., T. Peters, and F. Fondeur. CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLIDS IN FOULED MODULAR CAUSTIC SIDE SOLVENT EXTRACTION UNIT (MCU) PREFILTER/COALESCER MEDIA. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1146963.

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Bonnesen, P. V., D. J. Presley, T. J. Haverlock, and B. A. Moyer. Removal of technetium from alkaline nuclear-waste media by a solvent-extraction process using crown ethers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/86950.

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Fondeur, F. Characterization of solids deposited on the modular caustic-side solvent extraction unit (MCU) coalescer media removed in October 2014. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1245745.

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Fondeur, F. F. Characterization of solids deposited on the modular caustic-side solvent extraction unit (MCU) coalescer media removed in May and October 2014. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225181.

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Delmau, Latitia H., David T. Hobbs, and Kenneth N. Raymond. Combined Extraction of Cesium, Strontium, and Actinides from Alkaline Media : An Extension of the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Process Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834979.

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Delmau, Laetitia H., David T. Hobbs, and Kenneth N. Raymond. Combined Extraction of Cesium, Strontium, and Actinides from Alkaline Media : An Extension of the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Process Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834980.

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Kenneth Raymond. Combined Extraction of Cesium, Strontium, and Actinides from Alkaline Media: An Extension of the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Process Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/836576.

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Delmau, Laetitia H., David T. Hobbs, and Kenneth N. Raymond. Combined Extraction of Cesium, Strontium, and Actinides from Alkaline Media : An Extension of the Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Process Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839080.

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Fondeur, F. F. Characterization of Solids Deposited on the Modular Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU) Strip Effluent (SE) Coalescer Media Removed in April 2015. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1262319.

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Bentz, Dale P., and Nicos S. Martys. A stokes permeability solver for three-dimensional porous media. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7416.

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