Academic literature on the topic 'Solvants organiques – Synthèse (chimie)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Solvants organiques – Synthèse (chimie)":
YOUAN, Bi-Botti Celestin. "Systèmes nanoparticulaires : Applications phytopharmaceutiques et cosmétiques." Journal Africain de Technologie Pharmaceutique et Biopharmacie (JATPB) 2, no. 3 (December 20, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.57220/jatpb.v2i3.116.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solvants organiques – Synthèse (chimie)":
Sartori, Guillaume. "Catalyse dans l'eau appliquée à la synthèse de nucléosides ciblés." Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2071/document.
Many nucleosides analogues are reported in literature as antitumor, antibacterial or antiviral. Among them, the BVDU, is used as a drug against the herpes virus. In order to synthesize derivates of this compounds, we decided to develop new synthetic routes of 5-aryl-2'-deoxyrudine analogues. The synthesis of such compounds is widely described in literature using cross-coupling reaction with palladium but they often use organic solvents. A methodology to synthesize these analogues using the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction, in water, has been developed. 5-aryluridine and 6-aryluridine derivates were also synthetized using a similar methodology. The relevance of the ligand, commonly used in organo-palladated reactions, was studied. In our hands, the target compounds were obtained in good yiels using a free ligand methodology. Micro-wave activation was also studied. It allowed the synthesis of the nucleosides in good yields within very short reaction times. In collaboration with an Indian laboratory, the synthesis of 5-allyluridine and 5-allyl-2'-deoxyuridine was studied
Moity, Laurianne. "Conception, modélisation et caractérisation de solvants agro-sourcés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10075.
Many of the traditional organic solvents (halogenated compounds, aromatics, glycols ethers) are banned or about to be, as a result of the recent awareness of the environmental and health risks associated with their use. There is therefore an urgent need to find alternatives with good ESH (Environment, Safety and Health) profiles, preferably coming from renewable feedstock: the so-called biosolvents. In this work, these alternative solvents have been listed, modeled, and compared to classical organic ones to give a purely predictive landscape obtained thanks to the COSMO-RS approach. This tool can be used to help in finding substitution solutions and also highlights the needs for new biosolvents. A Computer-Assisted Organic Synthesis program, named GRASS, has been developed to help in the rational design of biosolvents from a bio-based building block (glycerol, itaconic acid, isosorbide, etc.) through industrially-relevant chemical transformations. Then, all the virtual derivatives generated have been sorted out thanks to property prediction models in order to select the most relevant ones. Biosolvents coming from glycerol and isosorbide (ethers, esters, acetals) have been selected, synthesized and experimentally evaluated as solvents considering their physico-chemical properties (m.p., b.p., d, η, stabilities to hydrolysis and to oxidation), their capacities to solubilise two agrochemicals, and their hydrotropic properties. These experimental data have then been compared to various prediction models
Durand, Morgan. "Propriétés physico-chimiques, fonctionnelles et applicatives des éthers courts d’isosorbide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10196.
In the last past years, an increasing awareness of the hazards linked to the use of solvents has strengthened the regulation and forced to optimize their use. This evolution entailed an increasing interest for bio-solvents, i.e. solvents from renewable materials and with good health and environmental properties. In this context, isosorbide, a diol obtained by the double deshydratation of sorbitol, might be valuable synthon for the design of a wide range of molecules and polymers. The short isosorbide diethers (_ 5 carbones per alkyl chain), as they are biosourced and liquid at ambient temperature, are potentialy promising solvents, that is why they have been studied. The monomethyl isosorbides (-endo et -exo forms) have also been evaluated, as they are the main impurities of the commercial dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), the most promising compound of this solvents family. The physicochemical, functional and applicative properties that are necessary to the characterization and the use of new solvents have been assessed : the thermo-physical properties (vapor pressure, vaporization enthalpy), the optical and electrical properties (refractive index, dielectric constant, dipole moment), the functional properties (viscosity, partition coefficient, Kamlet et Taft solvatochromic parameters) have been measured. The environmental, health and safety profile of DMI has been determined and compared to common solvents, allowing the evaluation of its "greenness". As DMI is fully miscible with water, its physicochemical properties in aqueous solutions have been studied as well, and have enlightened a self-aggregation of DMI within a large concentration range.A solvent design process has then been developped in order to estimate the potential use of these new solvents. A novel approach for the classification of solvents has been proposed, based solely on the solvent molecular structure and relying on the "COnductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents" (COSMO-RS) in which solvents are considered in their liquid state. This approach has allowed the classification of 152 solvents into 10 classes without requiring the knowledge of any experimental data. The approach has been applied to DMI and allowed to find some potential applications that have been evaluated, among which the use of DMI as fluxing agent for bitumen composition, coalescing agent for water-borne paints, solvent for paint strippers, solvent for ink removal, or coupling agent for the formulation of liquid detergents
Bandres, Matthieu. "Synthèse de solvants et plastifiants d’origine naturelle selon une démarche d’éco-conception : application à la formulation de vernis à ongles." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7119/1/bandres.pdf.
Bandres, Matthieu. "Synthèse de solvants et plastifiants d’origine naturelle selon une démarche d’éco-conception : application à la formulation de vernis à ongles." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPT009G.
New solvents (acetates, carbonates, isovalerates) and plasticizers (carbonates) have been developed according to an eco-design approach to meet both technical requirements and environmental regulations. Revewable raw materials such as glycerol or fusel oil, a co-product of bioethanol production, have been used to perform chemical transformations in order to get adequate physico-technical properties for nail polishes formulation. Efforts have been made to develop green processes, preferring specific catalyst use and external solvent-free reactions, leading to minimum waste. Both environmental and economical assessments have been carried out before launching a large scale production. Calculations perfomed from the simulation of a production plant supplied with these biosolvents showed a reduction of VOC esmissisons by 60 %. Economical studies have confirmed that environmentally friendly molecules may also be a competitive alternative to fossil ressources in the present context
Estager, Julien. "Méthodes d'activation non conventionnelles et solvants propres pour une chimie durable : synthèse et valorisation organique des liquides ioniques." Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS048.
These last years, RTILs have become a very attractive alternative to conventional solvents. Because of their negligible vapor pressure, they are used as green solvents. In addition, their wide liquid range, tunable polarity or good solvating ability make them very interesting in organic synthesis. Finally, their non flammability and non explosive character make them good candidates to replace traditional molecular solvents in term of green chemistry. The objectives of this PhD thesis are the synthesis and the valuable use of these compounds by taking advantage of some of their remarkable properties with the use of non conventional activation methods such as microwave and / or ultrasound irradiation. The nature and properties of ionic liquids are described along the first chapter of this work and then the physical effects that lead to sonochemistry and chemistry effects under microwave irradiation are also discussed. The second chapter of this thesis described the advantage of non traditional activation methods for improving the synthesis of second generation ionic liquids. By using, ultrasonic irradiation, different families of nitrogen-bearing ionic liquids are obtained in a solvent-free or in aqueous medium, which gives a greener touch to the overall process. Aiming to overcome some limitations of this method, a new activation method using simultaneous ultrasound/microwave irradiation has been shown to lead to good yields in second generation ionic liquid in a kinetic of only few minutes. Then, the synthesis of benzion via benzoin condensation reaction has been studied with various ionic liquids as catalysts. Microwave activation and ultrasonic irradiation have been tested and good yields in benzoin have been observed whereas the recycling of the ionic catalyst was shown to be possible in specific conditions. Finally, different ionic liquids have been chosen to catalyse the electrophilic cyclisation of Pictet-Spengler, a classical synthetic method to reach bioactive molecules. Various acidic ionic compounds, including task specific ionic liquids have been tested and good conversion in tetrahydro-β-carbolines have been obtained with the most suited ionic catalyst
Derat, Etienne. "Etude théorique de la formation et de la réactivité de complexes organométalliques à base de zirconium." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000025.pdf.
In this thesis, we initially start on the mechanism of formation of the species of the type Cl2Zr(alkene) starting from Cl2Zr(alkyl)2. We show, by calculations using DFT, that the mechanism is a concerted and associative b hydride abstraction. The hypothesis of g hydride abstraction is refuted, and also for the species of the Cp2Zr(alkyl)2 types. But whereas for these last, it was not necessary to utilize specifically a polar solvent (ether) or a phosphine to generate Cp2Zr(alkene), we show that in the case of the chlorine ligands, that is essential. This effect of specific solvent is explained by an energetic decomposition. We compare then the behavior of L2M(p bond) species where L is a chlorine, a cyclopentadienyl or a methoxy, M a zirconium, a titanium and where the p bond is constituted by an alkene family or a family of carbonyls. The relative stability of these various compounds is analyzed as well as complexation of one molecule of polar solvent. We study subsequently the insertion of a second molecule comprising a double bond on these molecules, which leads to metallacyclopentanes. We show in particular that the relative stability of these cycles can directly be connected to the stability of the metallacyclopropanes for the insertion of the same substrate. The last part is devoted to the reactivity study of Cl2ZrEt2 in the presence of various substrates (formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, dimethylfulvene) in polar and non-polar medium. We demonstrate thus, that in non-polar medium, Cl2ZrEt2 reacts with these unsaturated substrates by a concerted six-centers mechanism of hydrogen transfer
Paquin, Ludovic. "Etude de l'interaction micro-onde/matière appliquée à la synthèse sans solvant de nouveaux cyclohexènes et nitrocyclohexanols par réaction MIMIRC." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10043.
Appy, Lucie. "Nouvelles approches de synthèses de nucléotides et de leurs conjugués." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS047.
This thesis relates to the global problem of the synthesis of phosphorylated biomolecules, and in particular of nucleotides and their analogues (polyphosphorylated derivatives, liponucleotides, glyconucleotides…). Indeed, these derivatives, whether endogenous or synthetic, are widely used as biological tools. Some of these compounds also exhibit strong therapeutic potential, in particular in the field of antiviral or antitumor agents. The preparation of these polyphosphorylated derivatives however remains a technological challenge owing to the multiple tedious and expensive purification steps, often leading to modest to low yields.The primary objective of this work, lies in the development of new, efficient and/or eco-responsible synthetic methodologies of nucleotides derivatives. The first chapter of this manuscript corresponds to a non-exhaustive presentation of the methods described in the literature for the synthesis of various nucleotides, emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks. The second chapter concerns the development of a supported synthesis methodology of nucleotides and nucleotide analogues in the adenosine series. Finally, the last chapter describes a second new and eco-responsible methodology using a solvent-free approach
Demangeat, Catherine. "Vers le contrôle de la chiralité axiale des (hétéro)biaryles en l’absence de métaux de transition via le couplage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0232.
The aim of this thesis work was to provide novel access to axially chiral heterobiaryls following a transition metal free atropoenantioselective synthetic route. This project combines the Csp2-Csp2 Aryne coupling methodology, and an enantioselective approach, the ICE concept (ionic chiral environment). This concept relies on the implementation of chiral ligands as metal (Li) stabilizers with organolithium coupling partners. The chiral environment resulting from the chiral aggregates obtained must induce chirality during the coupling step. The first part of this work aimed to develop an heterocyclic version of the Aryne route in achiral conditions. The results of this study revealed a clear correlation between the electronic nature of the heterocyclic partner and its reactivity in the Aryne coupling. Thiophene, especially, proved to furnish promising results and allowed us to further develop the method. Second part of this work aimed to develop the reaction in the appropriate solvent conditions so that chiral mixed metal aggregates could be envisioned. This study outlined the remarkable effect of external chelating ligands (polyethers, polyamines, aminoalkoxides,…) and salt additives (Li, Zn, K,…) on the aryne coupling reaction in apolar media. The best reaction conditions emerging from this work were then successfully applied to others heterocyclic coupling partners. In parallel, theoretical calculations using density functional theory showed good agreement with experimental work and allowed us to propose mechanistic scheme for the reaction. Last part of this work focused on the reaction of hindered heterocyclic coupling partners with thiophene and benzothiophene derivatives
Books on the topic "Solvants organiques – Synthèse (chimie)":
Laszlo, Pierre. Logique de la synthèse organique. Paris: Ellipses, 1993.
Laszlo, Pierre. Résonances de la synthèse organique: Exemples et illustrations. Paris: Ellipses, 1993.
Solomons, T. W. Graham. Chimie organique. Mont-Royal, Québec: Modulo, 2000.
Reichardt, C. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 3rd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2003.
Reichardt, C. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 2nd ed. Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany: VCH, 1988.
M, Trost Barry, and Fleming Ian 1935-, eds. Comprehensive organic synthesis: Selectivity, strategy, and efficiency in modern organic chemistry. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1991.
Carruthers, W. Cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis. Oxford, England: Pergamon Press, 1990.
Carruthers, W. Cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis. Oxford: Pergamon, 1990.
Terrett, Nicholas K. Combinatorial chemistry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Kumar, Das V. G., ed. Main group elements and their compounds: Perspectives in materials science, chemistry and biology. New Delhi: Narosa Publishing House, 1996.