Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solutions (pharmacy)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Solutions (pharmacy)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Solutions (pharmacy)"

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Sweeney, Joey. "Digital solutions for pharmacy problems." Pharmacy Today 21, no. 5 (May 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-0991(15)30318-2.

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Scholz, Lisa. "The alphabet of pharmacy challenges, solutions." Pharmacy Today 20, no. 3 (March 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-0991(15)30939-7.

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Moye, Robert A., Kim Mason, Amy Flatt, Barbara Faircloth, Janisha Livermore, Brittany Brown, Adam Furr, Cassey Starnes, John R. Yates, and Robert Hurt. "Emergency preparation and mitigation for COVID-19 response in an integrated pharmacy practice model." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 78, no. 8 (February 27, 2021): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxab015.

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Abstract Purpose The purpose of this descriptive report is to share experiences in crisis response planning and risk mitigation at a university health system department of pharmacy with an integrated clinical practice model in the early months of the coronarvirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Summary The department of pharmacy’s COVID-19 pandemic response included successful planning and implementation of measures to maintain pharmacy operations and minimize COVID-19 exposure of patients and staff. These measures included ensuring adequate personnel staffing using flexible staffing solutions, ongoing assessment of supply chain integrity, and continuation of integrated clinical pharmacy services 24/7 throughout the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Information technology (IT) and educational program modifications are also discussed. Conclusion This report describes successful crisis planning and risk mitigation in the setting of COVID-19, which was facilitated by the department of pharmacy’s integrated clinical practice model. This model enabled uninterrupted personnel scheduling, supply chain integrity, continued provision of 24/7 integrated clinical services, adaptive use of IT tools, and continuation of educational programs. The experiences described may be instructive to other pharmacy departments in evaluating their response to the COVID-19 pandemic and in planning for similar pandemic or other emergency scenarios.
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O’Neil, Daniel P., Lindsey Amerine, and Carol Woodward. "Challenges and Solutions to New Manager Onboarding." Hospital Pharmacy 52, no. 10 (July 25, 2017): 712–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018578717721080.

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Bojar, Iwona, Beata Sarecka-Hujar, Jakub Owoc, Adrianna Pawełczak-Barszczowska, and Dorota Raczkiewicz. "Self-assessment of Polish pharmacy staff’s readiness to promote health." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 42, no. 5 (August 9, 2020): 1354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01099-w.

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Abstract Background Nowadays, pharmacists are expected to focus not only on dispensing medicines but also on the wellness of the patient. In some developed countries a pharmacist is clearly defined as a health care professional that can make a contribution to improving the general health of the population. Objective To assess the readiness of Polish pharmacy staff to engage in health promotion and educational activities. Setting Community pharmacies in Poland. Method The study group consisted of 308 pharmacy staff (248 pharmacists and 60 pharmacy technicians) employed in Polish pharmacies. The survey questionnaire referred to three domains: systemic solutions for health promotion, readiness of pharmacy staff as a professional group to promote health, personal readiness to promote health. Responses about pharmacy staff’s readiness to promote health were scored using a 10-point scale. Scale reliability for all items (overall readiness), and for items within the three domains separately, were tested using Cronbach’s α and average inter-correlation coefficient among the items. Main outcome measure Pharmacy staff’s readiness to promote health (the questionnaire containing 32 items). Results The overall readiness of pharmacy staff to promote health was rather low (average of 4.6 ± 1.5 in 1–10 scale). The highest scores were obtained for pharmacy staff’s personal readiness to promote health (average of 5.5 ± 1.8) which was neutral on the scale. The lowest scores were obtained for systemic solutions for health promotion (average of 3.6 ± 1.4). Readiness of pharmacy staff as a professional group was ranked in the middle (average 4.8 ± 1.8). Surveyed pharmacy staff rated their readiness to promote health in the work environment significantly higher than promoting health in the local community. Female and younger pharmacy staff as well as those with job seniority of less than 5 years, or pharmacy technicians assessed their readiness to promote health significantly higher than others. Readiness to promote health was higher among pharmacy staff working in pharmacies employing up to 3 staff members and at pharmacies with over 200 customers daily. Conclusions The overall readiness of pharmacy staff to promote health was low, especially in the domain of systemic solutions in health promotion.
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Shestakova, T. V., and I. A. Kirshchina. "INTERNET SERVICES OF PHARMACY CHAINS AS A TOOL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION OF THE POPULATION: RELEVANCE, PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS." Modern organization of drug supply 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30809/solo.2.2022.4.

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PURPOSE. Study of the potential of pharmacy chains for the development of pharmaceutical literacy of the population through Internet and online resources. METHODS. The objects of the analysis were the Internet sites and online services of the largest pharmacy chains and services for remote ordering of pharmacy assortment goods (TOP 20). The basis for inclusion in the analysis was the data of the analytical agencies DSM Group, RNC Pharma and AlphaRM. Methods of criteria, logical, comparative and content analysis were used to conduct the study. The authors have developed their own evaluation scale focused on evaluating the content of the Internet sites of pharmacy chains in relation to the information and educational component for the population. RESULTS. Based on the consolidation of data from 3 analytical agencies, the final list of objects of analysis included 18 pharmacy chains and 3 services for remote ordering of pharmacy assortment goods. The average score on the evaluation scale for the totality of pharmacy chains was 9.13±0,74 out of 23 possible. The presence of websites and telephone help service for all objects of research, their features are revealed. The assessment of the availability and information content of mobile applications of pharmacy chains was carried out. The analysis of the information content of pharmacy networks in social networks and Internet messengers was carried out. Conclusions are made about the quantitative and qualitative component of the service for the population "Question – answer". The presence and features of information and educational materials for the population on the Internet sites of pharmacy chains are analyzed. A study of instructions for the medical use of medicines was conducted: quantitative components, relevance, compliance with the State Register of Medicines of the Russian Federation. CONCLUSION. The conducted research allowed us to draw conclusions about the insufficient degree of involvement of pharmacy chains in the process of pharmaceutical education of the population and the insignificant use of the possibility of influence of pharmacy chains on the development of pharmaceutical literacy of the population through Internet resources. The article provides recommendations on possible ways to fully develop pharmaceutical education of the population in the Internet space.
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Tuula, Anita, Kristiina Sepp, and Daisy Volmer. "E-solutions in Estonian community pharmacies: A literature review." DIGITAL HEALTH 8 (January 2022): 205520762211137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221113731.

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Objective Estonian innovative electronic solutions have long been leading the way in the healthcare sector. This article aims to give an overview of all e-solutions and their usability in community pharmacies in Estonia and how they compare and operate with the wider e-health system. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted on publicly accessible information regarding Estonian e-health and electronic community pharmacy solutions. Findings While Estonian e-health system, including the e-prescription system is developed and maintained by the nationally funded Health and Wellbeing Infosystem Center, community pharmacy owners have established many noteworthy systems such as the e-pharmacist decision-support system, commodities info systems, online pharmacies, a telehealth prescription reminder service, and an automated dosage dispense system. Some pharmacies are collaborating with private healthcare service providers to allow quick and easy prescription renewal through an electronic channel. Conclusion Different electronic systems have overall greatly improved Estonian pharmacy services, accuracy and flow of consultations, and accessibility of medicines. In some cases, more support and active involvement is still needed from government agencies for full implementation.
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Nazaryan, L. G., A. B. Barseghyan, and M. H. Simonyan. "Management of acute diarrhea by community pharmacies." NEW ARMENIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL, no. 3 (2022): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.56936/18290825-2022.16.3-107.

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Pharmacists are the most accessible healthcare professionals and they are often involved in managing diarrhea symptom. Aim of the study was to evaluate the practices of Republic of Armenia pharmacy employees when managing diarrhea, with specific focus on medicine dispensing, pharmaceutical care and also consumer preferences about medicines. The survey was conducted among 284 pharmacy employees selected randomly sampling during 2019-2021. Primary information was collected using a questionnaire. Pharmacy employee in Armenia was asked about their knowledge and dispensing recommendations to manage diarrhea. On each question is attached diagram or table. The results were analyzed with SPSS statistical software, version 12.0. Diarrhea is considered a common symptom, about which patients very often seek the advice of a pharmacy staff. Pharmacy employees dispense a large number of drugs for diarrhea every day. The most common medicines recommended by them were Antimotelities, then Probiotics, Intestinal adsorbent, Antibiotics, Oral rehydration solutions and Antimicrobial. The most common demanded medicines by consumers were also Antimotelity medicines, Antibiotics, then Probiotics, Intestinal adsorbent, oral rehydration solutions and Antimicrobial. Pharmaceutical advice given by pharmacy staff on medicine use and side effects was poor. In question what are the major side effects of medicines you are offered, most pharmacy staff (55%) did not respond, 20% of pharmacy employees noted side effects on the gastrointestinal system, 7% on the nervous system. 8% of pharmacy employees noted allergic reaction and 10% other different side effects. According to the study, the majority of pharmacy employees receive information about over-the-counter drugs of for diarrhea from sources on the Internet. Only few participants used formularies, standard tables, professional books and lectures. It is important to improve pharmacy employees’ knowledge in the area of Pharmaceutical care during minor illnesses such as diarrhea and to develop pharmaceutical care algorithms that will help the pharmacy employees in consumer consultation.
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Garcia-Zubia, Javier, Ivan Trueba, and Diego Lopez-de-Ipina. "WEB 2.0 Pharmacy Robots." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 6 (August 3, 2010): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v6i5.1389.

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This paper presents a new generation of pharmacy robots based on micro-servers and web 2.0 technologies. Micro-servers make accessibility and remote configuration of the robot easier, because it does it by native way. This new technology offers a faster, more robust and ecologic service than the classic solutions. A robotic prototype has been built, installed and checked successfully. This fact presents a new paradigm between classic architecture and this new one in the robots control area.
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Muilenburg, Katherine, Crystal K. Howell, and Annesha White. "Pharmacy students’ perceptions of a transition to a virtual curriculum and their mental health implications." Pharmacy Education 22, no. 1 (July 22, 2022): 696–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.46542/pe.2022.221.696705.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess pharmacy students' satisfaction with a transition to a remote pharmacy curriculum in the pandemic setting. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Autumn 2020. Participating pharmacy schools distributed an anonymous survey link to their pharmacy students. The survey evaluated student perceptions of virtual learning, barriers to success, solutions, mental health, and the validated Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Results: A total of 488 students responded to the survey. The majority of participating students were female (78%), 25-30 years old (68%), and racially diverse. Feelings of isolation were reported by 62% of students. Three-quarters of students disagreed or strongly disagreed that their motivation to study increased during quarantine. During quarantine, the PSS-10 revealed a statistically significant decline in mental health. Conclusion: This study identified barriers and solutions to student success in a virtual curriculum. The results also highlighted the need for support for pharmacy students' mental health resources and advocacy.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solutions (pharmacy)"

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Pinsuwan, Sirirat 1961. "Stability kinetics of 4-dedimethylamino sancycline, a new anti-tumor drug, in aqueous solutions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282753.

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4-Dedimethylamino sancycline (col-3) is a new antitumor antibiotic of the tetracycline family. Preformulation studies have indicated that col-3 is not stable in aqueous solutions. The overall purpose of this research project is to investigate the stability kinetics of this drug in aqueous solutions. The physicochemical properties of col-3, including melting point, UV spectrum, mass spectrum, dissociation constants and solubility were determined. Col-3 is an acidic compound with two pKₐ values of 5.9 (pKₐ₁) and 8.1 (pKₐ₂). It is slightly soluble in water (0.01 mg/mL) and readily soluble in organic solvents such as polyethylene glycol and benzyl alcohol. Although the solubility of col-3 increases with increasing pH, its stability decreases with increasing pH. A HPLC assay was developed to quantitate col-3 and separate its degradation products. Four major degradation products of col-3 were detected under alkaline conditions. These degradates were identified by their elution times and their UV-absorption spectra. The kinetics of degradation of col-3 in aqueous solution at 25°C were investigated by HPLC over the pH-range of 2-10. The Influence of pH, buffer concentration, light, temperature and some additives on the degradation rate were studied. The degradation of col-3 was found to follow first-order kinetics at 25°C. A rate expression covering the degradation of the various ionic forms of the drug was derived and shown to account for the shape of the experimental pH-rate profile. Under basic conditions, the degradation of col-3 involves oxidation, which is catalyzed by metal ions. The separation of the four initial degradation products of col-3 was investigated. Partial separation of these compounds is achieved by liquid-liquid extraction. However, due to the instability of these compounds, their complete isolation cannot be successful. The UV spectroscopic analysis of these compounds shows that an absorbance at 360 nm is partially decreased in degradates I and II and totally absent in degradates III and IV. These results suggest that the phenolic diketone moiety, which produces this absorption band, has been altered upon degradation.
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Kerr, Helen Rosemary. "The surface properties of hyaluronic acid solutions in relation to joint lubrication." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308428.

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Lawson, Sarah, and Stacy Brown. "Stability of Oral Vitamin K Solutions Stored in Amber Plastic Syringes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/102.

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Oral vitamin K is administered to patients who have very high INR lab values and are on warfarin therapy. Due to the inability of some patients to swallow tablets, and the commercial formulation of vitamin K being available only as a tablet or an injectable emulsion, it may be necessary to compound an oral liquid formulation. When compounding batches of oral solutions, it is sometimes convenient to measure the product in unit doses. In this project, we compared liquid vitamin K in sterile water (1mg/mL) verses liquid vitamin K in Ora-Sweet (1mg/mL) stored in amber plastic syringes. Vitamin K is light sensitive and is best stored in amber containers. Vitamin K is also lipophilic and may adsorb to the plastic syringes. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of bulk compounding oral vitamin K solutions, and aliquoting them for storage in amber plastic syringes. The Vitamin K in sterile water syringes were made by mixing 45 mL of sterile water and 5 ampules, each containing 10mg/mL of vitamin K emulsion, together in an amber glass bottle for a final concentration of 1mg/mL. Thirty 1mL plastic amber syringes were filled with the mixture, capped, and placed in the refrigerator. The same process was repeated using Ora-Sweet instead of sterile water to fill thirty more plastic amber syringes. Three syringes of vitamin K in sterile water mixture, three syringes of vitamin K in Ora-Sweet mixture, and one Vitamin K reference standard were all analyzed using HPLC-UV on the day of compounding, and at day 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90. If stability is defined as 90-110% active ingredient, then Vitamin K in sterile water is stable to fourteen days, 95.3±3.5% recovery, but some samples fell below 90% recovery after 14 days. By day ninety, the recovery in SWFI syringes was 84.2±8.9%. For vitamin K in Ora-Sweet, the within-day variability was very high due to limitations in drug dissolution; as such the average concentration was not consistently above 90%. On the day of compounding, the percent recovery in the Ora-Sweet syringes was 92.7±9.9%, despite 1 hour of stirring. In conclusion, the Vitamin K in sterile water mixture can be stored in refrigerated, amber oral plastic syringes for 14 days, but plastic amber syringes were not appropriate for storage of the Vitamin K in Ora-Sweet mixture.
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Riley, Christine Marie 1964. "The effect of triacetin on solubility of diazepam and phenytoin." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277304.

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The effect of triacetin in combination with common cosolvents on the solubility of phenytoin and diazepam was studied. The cosolvents were PEG 400 and propylene glycol. In addition, the data were used to test the following model: UNFORMATTED EQUATION FOLLOWS: log Sᵈ(c,p,w) = log Sᵈ(w) + f(c)σᵈ(c) + [Sᵖ(w)10(f(c)σᵖ(c))/D(p)] σᵈ(p). UNFORMATTED EQUATION ENDS. The term on the left side of the equation is the solubility of a drug in the ternary system. This is related to the aqueous solubility of the drug, the solubility of the drug in a completely miscible organic solvent (CMOS), and the solubility of the partially miscible organic solvent (PMOS). This model was proposed by Gupta et al. (1989) and predicts the solubility of a ternary system composed of a CMOS and PMOS. The results indicate the triacetin does increase the solubility of the two poorly water-soluble drugs. There is good correlation between the observed and predicted increase in the solubility of the drugs.
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El-Dahiyat, Faris Abdelrahim. "A cost evaluation analysis to identify solutions for affordable medicines in Jordan : a comparative study with the UK." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/27794/.

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Background: Health is a core human right. The right of health care includes access to affordable medicines. Affordability of medicines by individual patients in low-income countries is a significant factor influencing access to care and treatment. However, drug prices in low income countries are found to be higher than those in high-income countries. Although the health care system in Jordan is quite advanced in comparison to neighbouring countries, the access to affordable medicines remains problematic. It was reported that almost 80% of the public in Jordan pay for their medications through out-of-pocket payments. High medicine prices are of a great concern to patients and their finances, which can result in poor compliance. Moreover, non-compliance can lead to reduced productivity and increased medical costs. In fact, several studies found that the high out of pocket-costs can be a significant obstacle to medical adherence with prescription medication regimens. Aims: The aim of this thesis is to research medicine prices and policies in Jordan, in order to recommend feasible solutions to make these affordable. To measure the affordability of medicines in Jordan and to assess the extent by which the cost of medicines is high, prices and factors affecting them were compared with the United Kingdom (UK), a high income developed country. Methods: A mixed-method approach was used in this thesis to research medicine prices and policies. The thesis reviewed the relevant literature, followed by reviewing the health care and pharmaceutical systems in both countries and their impact on medicine prices. Quantitative studies to measure the affordability of medicines in Jordan were conducted to assess the extent by which the cost of medicines is high in comparison to the UK and the factors that may affect medicine prices. This was followed by a qualitative study on how and why high unaffordable prices occur in Jordan. Finally, a quantitative survey exploring patients', pharmacists' and prescribing physicians' opinions towards measures that could be used to achieve greater clinical effectiveness and economic efficiency from drug prescribing was conducted. All the findings from the thesis were synthesised to form policy recommendations, designed to ensure affordable medicines for the Jordanian population. Results and discussion: Factors that influence prices of medicines over time were identified. These included; competition, marketing strategies, time in the market, regulations and pricing policy, change of clinical guidelines, epidemiology of disease, change in therapeutic use/value and exchange rate. Although the income per capita is much lower in Jordan (almost 7 fold less) than the one the UK, the studies conducted within this thesis demonstrated that medicine prices were significantly higher in Jordan compared to the UK. Generic medicines are three fold more expensive than the equivalent prices of the same drugs in the UK. However, the difference in prices for many drugs was significantly higher than the 3 fold difference. For example, the average price of pravastatin and amlodipine generics was more than eight fold higher than the UK price. Moreover, the average price of omeprazole, citalopram and fluoxetine generics were around 10 fold higher than the comparable UK price. Additionally, originator brand medicines prices were also found to be 1.5-fold more expensive in Jordan compared to the UK. Many originators were extremely higher than this average. For example, the Jordanian price of misoprostol originator tablets was around 19 times the comparable UK price. The price of ranitidine originator in Jordan was more than seven times the UK price and lansoprasole originator was around 6 times more than the price in the UK. The current pricing policy and its application are believed to be the root causes for the high prices of medicines in Jordan, as revealed by the qualitative interviews. The expected patients' saving by using generic medicines instead of originators in Jordan ranged from 32% up to 74%. The median saving in Jordan was -30.65% compared to - 71.43% in UK. The average savings were 32.68% and 43.54% in both Jordan and UK respectively. This increased to 54.96% in the UK when one outlier was removed. However, the saving calculated in both countries would have been higher if the lowest priced generic was used. An extra saving of 6.86% was identified in Jordan if the lowest priced generics were used for cardiovascular diseases (the calculated saving increased from 32.71% when using the average generic price compared to 39.57% when using the lowest priced generic). The findings also showed a positive attitude of all stakeholders (patients, pharmacists and prescribing physicians) towards generic medications and their willingness and acceptance of strategies that encourage generic utilisation in Jordan such as generic substitution, lnternational. Non-proprietary Name (INN) prescribing and Electronic Prescribing (EP). Such measures will help reduce the high expenditure on drugs in Jordan which accounts for around one-third of the national health care budget. Conclusion: A range of policy measures and changes are required to improve access to medicines in Jordan. Recommendations made included amendments to pharmaceutical policies, better enforcement of the current regulations, encouraging the use of generic medicines by introducing measures such as generic prescribing, generic substitution and public awareness education programs. These changes should result in more affordable medicines in Jordan.
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Mishra, Dinesh Shyamdeo. "Solubility of organic compounds in nonaqueous systems." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184667.

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Solubility of drugs in non-aqueous systems is very important in understanding the partitioning and transport behavior. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the entropic and enthalpic contribution to activity coefficient of organic compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic acids, aliphatic alcohols etc.) in non-aqueous solvents. The activity coefficient can be written as: ln γ₁ = ln γ₁ᶜ + ln γ₁ʳ where superscript "c" and "r" denote entropic (combinatorial) and enthalpic contribution respectively. We selected three solvent systems: benzene, triolein and octanol. The different models considered in this study were Flory-Huggins, Scatchard-Hildebrand, UNIQUAC combinatorial and UNIFAC residual. A combination of Flory-Huggins and Scatchard-Hildebrand which accounts for both the entropic and enthalpic effects gives the best predictions in all the solvents considered.
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Thomas, P. H. "Studies on the pharmaceutical and clinical problems associated with the storage and administration of intravenous solutions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372586.

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Sari, Peyami, and n/a. "Isotropic medium chain mono- and diglyceride systems : vehicles for subcutaneous injection in sheep." University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070405.160443.

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Purpose: To develop an approach to formulating an injectable solution containing both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs for subcutaneous administration. Based on the literature survey, isotropic medium chain mono-and diglyceride (MCMDG) systems were chosen for study. For this purpose, analytical methods were developed and validated. In vitro assessments of the MCMDG systems, and in vitro release and in vivo studies were conducted. Methods: The phase diagrams of the isotropic MCMDG systems were constructed with systems comprising two and three components. The isotropic region was examined by visual inspection and confirmed using polarized light microscopy. Viscosities of formulations were measured. The validated HPLC assay methods were developed for determination of levamisole and abamectin in liquid formulations and in sheep plasma. The HPLC assay was capable of evaluating stability of abamectin and levamisole in liquid formulations. Solubilities of levamisole hydrochloride or levamisole phosphate and abamectin were determined in the isotropic MCMDG formulations using a HPLC assay method. Stabilities of levamisole phosphate and abamectin were conducted in the isotropic MCMDG formulations at 60�C for 10 days. In vitro release studies for levamisole phosphate were carried out for selected formulations using modified Franz diffusion cells. Based on stability and in vitro release studies, one formulation (MCMDG/propylene glycol (PG):glycerol formal (GF), 20/20:60 % w/w) was selected for a preliminary in vivo study. The selected MCMDG/PG:GF (20/20:60) formulation containing both levamisole phosphate and abamectin was injected subcutaneously into sheep, and the injection site was examined after subcutaneous injection. Pharmacokinetic profiles were determined. A correlation between in vitro fraction released (FR) and in vivo fraction absorbed (FA) for levamisole phosphate from the MCMDG/PG:GF (20/20:60) formulation was assessed. Results: The isotropic systems of the MCMDG systems containing two or three components were characterized through phase diagrams and viscosity. The solubility of the levamisole hydrochloride in the isotropic MCMDG/sesame oil/water formulations was higher in the absence of abamectin than in combination with abamectin. Solubility of levamisole phosphate was higher in the MCMDG system containing GF or PG compared to the MCMDG/SO/water system. The isotropic MCMDG/PG:GF systems allowed preparations of levamisole phosphate/abamectin solution dose forms containing more than the usual dosage of levamisole. Stability of both levamisole phosphate and abamectin in MCMDG/PG:GF formulations was higher compared with MCMDG/PG:GF/water formulations. Levamisole phosphate degraded in the presence or absence of abamectin in the MCMDG/PG:GF (20/20:60) formulation at 60�C for 10 days. Abamectin alone was found to be stable in the formulation at 60�C for 10 days. In vitro release of levamisole phosphate from water and the MCMDG formulations tested displayed first-order kinetics. Water from the receptor compartment was observed to pass through the membrane into the donor compartment. Therefore, an advancing layer of turbidity occurred in the donor phase. A highly significant decrease in release rate of levamisole phosphate was obtained in MCMDG/GP:GF (20/20:60) formulation compared to water and the other formulations. Pharmacokinetic studies of subcutaneous injection of MCMDG/PG:GF 20/20:60) formulation showed the tmax values of 2.2 h and 4.2 days for levamisole phosphate and abamectin, respectively. The Cmax was 0.94 [mu]g/ml for levamisole phosphate and 6.24 ng/ml for abamectin while the formulation displayed the AUC value was 5.2 [mu]g�h�ml⁻1 for levamisole phosphate and 84.7 ng�day�ml⁻1 for abamectin. No inflammatory reaction was observed at the injection site. Linear regression analysis showed that a significant relationship between the FR (in vitro) and FA for the subcutaneously injected formulation. Conclusion: The study carried out in this thesis introduces a new approach to formulating an injectable solution of the isotropic MCMDG/PG:GF systems containing both levamisole (hydrophilic drug) and abamectin (lipophilic drug) for subcutaneous administration, and presents the development of the HPLC assay methods for determination of levamisole and abamectin in liquid MCMDG formulations and plasma, in order to investigate in vitro and in vivo release from the isotropic MCMDG/PG:GF formulations. The MCMDG/PG:GF formulations may represent an alternative to the more traditional formulations for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs.
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Boca, Madalina Brindusa. "Research into process validation in pharmaceutical companies, with specific reference to Roche, South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132009-181630/.

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Lawson, Sarah, Stacy D. Brown, Paul Lewis, and Gina Peacock. "Comparative Stability of Oral Vitamin K Solutions Stored in Refrigerated Amber Plastic Syringes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5264.

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Purpose: Vitamin K1 (phytonadione) is a fat-soluble vitamin and an essential cofactor for the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, protein C, and protein S. Vitamin K antagonists deplete vitamin K reserves effectively preventing the synthesis of these clotting factors leading to anticoagulation. Overly excessive anticoagulation, as evidenced by INRs greater than 5, may necessitate vitamin K for reversal of warfarin depending on bleeding risk factors. For elevated INR without bleeding, the oral route is preferred. Orally administered vitamin K1 tablets are only supplied by a single manufacturer, and only available as a 5 mg tablet. Concerns with availability of this tablet, lack of dosing options for treatment requiring less than 5 mg, and delivery options for patients unable to swallow whole tablets have prompted the exploration of alternative dosing strategies using the 10 mg/mL injectable emulsion compounded into an oral liquid. The possibility of storing the oral liquid in unit-doses adds a layer of convenience, and is common practice in many hospital pharmacies. In this project, we compared oral liquid vitamin K1 in sterile water for injection (SWFI) to oral liquid vitamin K1 in Ora-Sweet, simple syrup, cherry syrup, and Syrpalta stored in amber plastic oral syringes. Methods: Batches of 1 mg/mL vitamin K1 were prepared in SWFI, Ora-Sweet, simple syrup, cherry syrup, and Syrpalta and drawn up by 1-mL aliquots into amber plastic oral syringes. Syringes were capped and stored in a laboratory refrigerator (4.9-5.4oC). for the duration of the study. On each study day (0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, and 90), three syringes from each vehicle were removed, and the contents diluted with ethanol to achieve a 0.5 mg/mL assay concentration. Additionally, USP reference material was used on each study day to prepare a fresh 0.5 mg/mL reference solution. The samples and reference were analyzed using a previously validated HPLC-UV method. Results were compared using a 2-way ANOVA (p = 0.05) with post-hoc Tukey’s correction for multiple comparisons. Product stability was defined as 90-110% labeled amount. Results: Of the vehicles tested, SWFI was the most suitable vehicle for longer-term storage of unit-dosed vitamin K1. The 1 mg/mL vitamin K1 in SWFI, when stored in amber plastic oral syringes, remains within the acceptable 90 – 110% range for 21 days. The Syrpalta preparation demonstrated the next highest BUD of 7 days, with one syringe (2 injections) falling outside the 90% potency at the 14 day time point. Cherry syrup allowed for very limited stability, with a BUD of 24 hours. By the 48-hour time point, two of the three samples were below the 90% potency cutoff. For the vitamin K oral solutions prepared in simple syrup and Ora-Sweet, the recovery of vitamin K was not within acceptable limits, even on the day of compounding. The initial recovery for vitamin K in simple syrup was only 86.8%. Similarly, the preparation in Ora-Sweet, was not at acceptable potency on the day of compounding, (92.7 ± 9.9%). While the average recovery in Ora-Sweet exceeded 90%, the variability between samples suggests a lack of homogeneous distribution of drug through the vehicle. Statistically significant differences were detected between the SWFI preparation and all other vehicles in a 2-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post-test (p-value of 0.05). This difference was most pronounced between SWFI and Ora-Sweet and SWFI and simple syrup (both p < 0.0001). Cherry syrup was also vastly different from SWFI (p = 0.0002), and the difference between SWFI and Syrpalta was less pronounced, yet still significant (p = 0.0442). Conclusion: Vitamin K1 in sterile water and Syrpalta was stable for 21 days and 7 days, respectively, when stored in amber plastic syringes. Vitamin K1 in cherry syrup was only stable for 24 hours in the syringes. For vitamin K1 in Ora-Sweet and simple syrup, the within-day variability was very high due to limitations in drug dissolution; as such the average recovery was not consistently above 90%, even on the day of compounding. Statistically significant differences were detected between the SWFI formulation and all other vehicles. Several factors appear to affect the potency and stability of vitamin K1 in different vehicles. Because the stability of vitamin K1 oral solution differs between storage in amber glass bottles and oral syringes, vitamin K1 may have the potential to adsorb to polypropylene (PPE). The pH of the vehicle may contribute to degradation of vitamin K1, and the viscosity of the vehicle may affect the achievable potency of certain mixtures. The viscosity of the mixture also appears to affect maintenance of a homogenous mixture, but the presence of alcohol in the vehicle may help aid in solubilizing the vitamin K1 in Syrpalta. Vitamin K1 in SWFI appears to be the most suitable vehicle for longer-term storage of unit-dosed vitamin K, but Syrpalta and cherry syrup may also be appropriate for more immediate use.
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Books on the topic "Solutions (pharmacy)"

1

Trissel, Lawrence A. Supplement to Handbook on injectable drugs, 7th ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1993.

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Trissel, Lawrence A. Supplement to Handbook on injectable drugs. 6th ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1991.

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Trissel, Lawrence A. Supplement to handbook on injectable drugs. 7th ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1993.

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Liu, Rong. Water insoluble drug formulation. Denver: Interpharm Press, 2000.

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James, Kenneth C. Solubility and related properties. New York: M. Dekker, 1986.

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D, Liu Rong Ph, ed. Water-insoluble drug formulation. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2008.

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American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, ed. Handbook on injectable drugs. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 2017.

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Duff, Deborah Lynn. A metric guide for health professionals on dosages & solutions. 3rd ed. Toronto, Ont: Saunders, 1992.

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Trissel, Lawrence A. Supplement to Handbook on injectable drugs. 8th ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1995.

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Norville, Mary Ann Fravel. Drug dosages and solutions. 3rd ed. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solutions (pharmacy)"

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Schmidt, Carolina Witchmichen Penteado. "Handling Pediatric Extemporaneous Oral Solutions with Chemotherapy." In Pediatric Oncologic Pharmacy, 103–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10988-2_10.

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Metz, Ludwig, and Klaus Kümmerer. "Sustainable Health Products and Service Solutions in the Year 2050." In Green and Sustainable Pharmacy, 295–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05199-9_20.

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Attwood, David, and Colin Booth. "Solubilization of a Poorly Soluble Aromatic Drug by Micellar Solutions of Amphiphilic Block Copoly(oxyalkylene)s." In Colloid Stability and Application in Pharmacy, 61–78. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527631117.ch2.

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Akhter, Mymoona, and M. Mumtaz Alam. "Solution." In Physical Pharmacy and Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 11–20. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36777-9_2.

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Florence, A. T., and D. Attwood. "Physicochemical Properties of Drugs in Solution." In Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy, 47–80. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-16558-2_3.

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Florence, A. T., and D. Attwood. "Physicochemical Properties of Drugs in Solution." In Physicochemical Principles of Pharmacy, 56–100. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14416-7_4.

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Thomas, Andre, Yun Li, Christine L. Kaunas, Marty Newcomb, Gerard E. Carrino, Lori D. Greenwood, Patrick D. St. Louis, LeRoy A. Marklund, Nephy G. Samuel, and Hector O. Chapa. "Implementation of a Digital Live-Action Gaming Experience for Interprofessional Learning and Training." In Global Perspectives on Educational Innovations for Emergency Situations, 199–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99634-5_20.

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AbstractInterprofessional education is required by all athletic training, medical, pharmacy, nursing, and public health students at Texas A&M University. One such opportunity for collaborative training has been Disaster Day, the nation’s largest student-led interprofessional emergency response simulation. This annual training of 500–800 students takes place on a single day, in two 4-h sessions, at a designated site on campus. Due to COVID-19, the simulation could not be offered in-person in 2020, so the organizers looked for alternative solutions. We opted to use digital games, which have been proposed and used for formal and informal education for several years. While there have been games specifically developed for interprofessional training, none of those games were readily available for use by other institutions, nor is their focus on disaster response. In this chapter, we provide a detailed analysis of how an interdisciplinary team of health professions educators and game designers met interprofessional learning requirements while maintaining student engagement. Lessons from an abbreviated schedule and limited budget will be discussed. The approach incorporated different technologies and tools that are readily available. We will discuss pitfalls, assumptions, and full implementation of our approach. This will allow others to replicate our method and create similar highly engaging learning experiences for remote and online learning.
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Sumpter, John P. "Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Moving from a Problem to a Solution." In Green and Sustainable Pharmacy, 11–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05199-9_2.

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Braithwaite, John. "Containment of Crises." In Simple Solutions to Complex Catastrophes, 51–75. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48747-7_3.

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AbstractVirtuous path dependency of regulatory preparedness, welfare preparedness, and market preparedness are needed for crisis responsiveness. Acting alone, strong markets that put a price on carbon fail to tame climate change without prosecution of carbon fraud and without state closures of power plants and carbon-intensive production lines. Responsive regulation of powerful interests is imperative because of gaming catastrophe through organizational power. The military-industrial complex games war to sell weapons. High finance games tax and market rules to make the fabric of law more complex, widening gaps between rich and poor. Industrial capital games environmental enforcement and carbon pricing by carbon fraud, offsets fraud, and greenwashing. Big pharma games patents, monopolizing profiteering from pandemics, widening rich–poor health gaps.
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Stevens, Joe, Matt Ruple, and Mike Moorman. "Value strategy: Evolving from basic offerings to advanced solutions." In Key Account Management Excellence in Pharma & Medtech, 41–58. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003226512-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solutions (pharmacy)"

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Radoha, R. V., L. V. Fomina, and Yu I. Guminskiy. "Morphological changes of rats` left ventricle myocardium under the influence of infusion solutions." In SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY OF THE EU COUNTRIES. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-075-9-22.

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JACHOWICZ, Michał. "Legal Status of a Pharmacist as a Participant of the Pharmacy Market in Poland." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-6.

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The provision of the pharmaceutical service is the basic designation of the pharmacy activities as a public health care facility and is a correlate of the subjective right to health care guaranteed under the Polish Constitution. The provision of the pharmaceutical service remains within the scope of the profession of a pharmacist as a profession of public trust, which is also a regulated profession. Taking into account the need to ensure the highest level of implementation of the right to health care, the legal status of a pharmacist as a participant in the pharmacy market should be subject to special legal protection. The assessment of the existing legal status in this respect remains justified by both the subjective distinction between categories of entrepreneurs who hold a permit to operate a generally accessible pharmacy, as well as the legislative process on principles of fulfilling the pharmacist's professional obligations included in the draft Act on the profession of pharmacist. The purpose of this article is to assess the indicated legal conditions undertaken both on the basis of the existing legal status and proposed statutory solutions.
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Lindner, N., and D. Haider. "2SPD-039 Make or buy: pharmacoeconomic evaluation of gargle solutions used for SARS-CoV-2 sample collection." In 25th Anniversary EAHP Congress, Hospital Pharmacy 5.0 – the future of patient care, 23–28 March 2021. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-eahpconf.22.

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Duan, Zhipu, Zhuohui Lin, and Shijie Zhou. "Universal CAR T cell: engineering of universal T cell, modular CAR system, and applications." In 2021 International Conference on Medical Imaging, Sanitation and Biological Pharmacy. Clausius Scientific Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/misbp.2021036.

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Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR T), an alternative design based on conventional CAR T cells, uses a switchable adaptor for a better redirection towards the target site. This technology overcomes the obstacles of the conventional Car T cells system, such as immunogenicity, massive expression of cytokine and fixed antigen specificity. This article introduces universal CAR T cells from both the perspectives of the universal T cells and its modular CAR systems, illustrating the advancement of universal CAR T cells to overcome the limitation of conventional CAR T cells and serve as a more controllable and highly promising system. The universal CAR T cells section focuses on the challenges of choosing T cell sources and the corresponding solutions, while the modular CAR system section summarizes the different types of switchable adaptors in combination with clinical applications in various types of cancer treatments. Overall, universal CAR T cells therapy is a novel development that not only out-competes but also recovers the shortage of the conventional CAR T cells system. With the use of switchable adaptors, the universal CAR T cells system is commercially beneficial for the public and a safe product to allow the industry to expand the clinical application of different types of cancers.
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Hermosilla Fernández, J., A. Alonso-García, R. Pérez Robles, A. Torrente López, J. Ruiz Travé, N. Navas, J. Cabeza, and A. Salmerón García. "3PC-015 In-use stability of Comirnaty and Spikevax clinical solutions: Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines: a comparative study from a hospital pharmacy perspective." In 27th EAHP Congress, Lisbon, Portugal, 22-23-24 March 2023. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2023-eahp.38.

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Zhang, Hongguang, Kai Liu, Weijian Kong, Fei Tian, Youren Yang, Chu Feng, Ti Wang, and Qi Chen. "A mobile health solution for chronic disease management at retail pharmacy." In 2016 IEEE 18th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/healthcom.2016.7749455.

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Ott, N., U. Lösch, and S. Deuster. "3PC-037 Cleaning validation of solution production in a hospital pharmacy." In Abstract Book, 23rd EAHP Congress, 21st–23rd March 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-eahpconf.89.

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Rao, Aditya, Thomas Joseph, Vangala Govindakrishnan Saipradeep, and Rajgopal Srinivasan. "UIMA based solution in pharma text." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2015.7359958.

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CAO, Dan, Qinwei GAO, Yinping ZHAO, and Wei MING. "Blends of Poly (L-Lactic Acid) and Glucose Prepared from Mixture Solution." In International Conference on Biological Engineering and Pharmacy 2016 (BEP 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bep-16.2017.43.

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Kondova, Galia, and Amala Arockia. "Healthcare Data Manage-ment Using Blockchain: MyHealthMyData (MHMD) and Pharma-Ledger." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022) Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100896.

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Healthcare data is important in the development of new medicines as well as in disease prevention and health promotion. At the same time, there are significant barriers to sharing health data mainly due to privacy issues. Blockchain as a technology characterized by immutability, traceability, decentralization, and cryptographic security might provide feasible solutions to tackling challenges such as security concerns, data format inconsistency between health data providers, and data breaches caused by unauthorized access. International projects such as MyHealthMyData and PharmaLedger provide blockchain-based solutions addressing the privacy preserving issues associated with health data management. This paper provides an overview of the proposed innovative solutions of the two projects.
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Reports on the topic "Solutions (pharmacy)"

1

Mukungu, Andrew, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Evaluating and Understanding the Reason for an Increase in Nonconformances in the Laboratory. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317430.

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This is a study of nonconformances experienced by a laboratory of a pharmaceutical manufacturing facility in East Africa. There has been an increase in nonconformances from 216 nonconformances in 2017 to 229 in 2018 and by September 2019, 306 nonconformances were already logged. Increasing nonconformances result in delayed release of tested materials and many resources are wasted (e.g. chemicals, man hours and equipment). Analysts become frustrated, which may result in inexhaustive investigations. Understanding the reason for the increase in nonconformances will enable the facility to derive effective solutions to the identified causes, hence reducing the number of nonconformances and improving the productivity and morale of employees. This quantitative, nonexperimental, longitudinal survey study was intended to evaluate and understand the reason for increasing nonconformances. Trends of the nonconformances, previous investigations, procedure for investigation and the training given to analysts have been reviewed. Laboratory incidences were the most recurring nonconformances; and these were mainly caused by analyst errors. Corrective and Preventive Actions (CAPAs) were derived by cross functional teams whenever root causes were identified. Procedure for investigation of nonconformances refers to investigative tools. Identification of root causes to nonconformances recently became mandatory. Analysts have limited advanced industrial training on investigation of nonconformances. Another study should be carried out to understand the cause of analyst errors. The study can be rolled out to other departments at the manufacturing facility to create similar improvements. Analysts should enroll into advanced courses of industrial pharmacy to gain advanced industrial skills which they can apply in investigations to find root causes to nonconformances.
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