Academic literature on the topic 'Solutions du conflit de lois'
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Journal articles on the topic "Solutions du conflit de lois"
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Biayi, Gabin Mbikayi, Daniel Sifa Kwa Mungu, and Papy Claude Bolaluembe. "Conflits liés à l’exploitation des ressources naturelles dans le Domaine de Chasse et Reserve de Bombo-Lumene en République Démocratique du Congo." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 6 (March 11, 2023): 2829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i6.28.
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La gestion des ressources naturelles dans les aires protégées des pays du Bassin du Congo suscite des nombreux conflits. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les conflits liés à l’exploitation des ressources naturelles dans le Domaine de chasse et Réserve de Bombo Lumene (DCRBL) en République Démocratique du Congo. La collecte des données a été réalisée à travers les entretiens individuels semi-dirigés et par focus groupe, l’observation participante et l’observation non participante au niveau local. Les résultats ont montré l’existence de nombreux conflits dans le DCRBL notamment les conflits horizontaux et les conflits verticaux. Les conflits horizontaux sont les conflits intra communauté (conflits entre agriculteurs au sein d'une même communauté) et les conflits inter communauté (agriculteurs et éleveurs au sein des communautés différentes). Les conflits verticaux sont ceux opposants les communautés locales et les gestionnaires du DCRBL. Au regard de ces résultats, plusieurs solutions ont été proposées par les répondants parmi lesquelles, la nouvelle délimitation des villages et du DCRBL, le respect des lois régissant le DCRBL et la création d’un comité de conservation communautaire. Les résultats de cette étude pourront servir d’outil de décisions pour les autorités étatiques, les gestionnaires des ressources naturelles et les communautés locales. Cependant, une étude socioéconomique est souhaitable en vue de détecter d’autres sources latentes de conflits.
The management of natural resources in the protected areas of the Congo Basin countries gives rise to numerous conflicts. The aim of this study was to analyze the conflicts related to the exploitation of natural resources in the Bombo Lumene Hunting Domain and Reserve (DCRBL) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Data collection was carried out through semi-directed individual interviews and focus groups, participant observation and non-participant observation at the local level. The results showed the existence of many conflicts in the DCRBL including horizontal conflicts and vertical conflicts. Horizontal conflicts are intra-community conflicts (conflicts between farmers within the same community) and inter-community conflicts (farmers and herders within different communities). Vertical conflicts are those between local communities and DCRBL managers. In view of these results, several solutions were proposed by the respondents, including the new boundaries of the villages and the DCRBL, compliance with the laws governing the DCRBL and the creation of the community conservation committee. The results of this study can be used as a decision-making tool for state authorities, natural resource managers and local communities. However, a socio-economic study is desirable in order to detect other latent sources of conflict.
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L’Espérance, Audrey. "Quand la justice tisse des liens : la (re)construction de la filiation dans les décisions portant sur la procréation assistée au Canada." Articles 31, no. 2 (February 22, 2013): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014352ar.
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Le recours à la procréation assistée a révélé l’inadéquation de certaines lois canadiennes sur la famille quand il est question de reconnaître légalement la formation de noyaux familiaux non traditionnels tels que les familles homoparentales ou pluriparentales. Cet article traite de cette problématique en établissant comment la famille issue de la procréation assistée est construite légalement au Canada et argumente que, en l’absence d’action législative adéquate, les tribunaux de première instance sont intervenus afin de tisser des solutions légales au statut de ces familles. Au Canada, l’établissement de la filiation dans des contextes exceptionnels est toujours porté vers les tribunaux provinciaux afin qu’ils dénouent les conflits entre parents ou établissent formellement la filiation des enfants nés par procréation assistée. Dans ce contexte, les cours provinciales de première instance (re)construisent la filiation selon trois tendances pancanadiennes identifiées par l’auteure. Les principes légaux associés à la parentalité, au projet parental et à l’égalité des enfants et des parents sont redéfinis afin d’offrir aux tribunaux des ancrages leur permettant de justifier la reconnaissance légale et institutionnelle de nouveaux noyaux familiaux.
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Van Hecke, Georges. "Droit public et conflit de lois." Droit international privé : travaux du Comité français de droit international privé 5, no. 1982 (1985): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/tcfdi.1985.1466.
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Dammann, Reinhard. "Fiducie-sûreté et conflit de lois." Travaux du Comité français de droit international privé 19, no. 2008 (2011): 17–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/tcfdi.2011.1986.
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Weidner, Stefan. "Westöstlicher Seiltanz." Traduction et Langues 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2005): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v4i1.328.
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On se demande comment et pourquoi la littérature arabe vient en Allemagne dans le cadre d'échanges culturels, la communication de la littérature est une priorité particulière. Elle peut toucher un grand nombre de personnes et ouvre un accès privilégié à l'autre culture. Ce que pensent et ressentent les autres et comment les autres personnes, à quelles traditions ils se réfèrent et comment ils s'expriment - la littérature peut répondre à presque toutes ces questions. De plus, l'autre culture a son mot à dire directement, de sa propre source sans avoir à passer par des experts. Mais même la littérature n'erre pas d'elle-même entre les cultures, surtout quand les fossés entre les deux sont aussi profonds que la mer Méditerranée. Elle a besoin de passeurs, de pilotes, de médiateurs. Un travail qui, dans le cas de l'échange littéraire arabo-allemand, est au moins aussi délicat que celui du messager, parfois tenu pour responsable des nouvelles qu'il apporte. Normalement, la médiation de la littérature utilise les structures de libre marché d'un marché du livre qui fonctionne. Cela a non seulement des avantages financiers considérables ; les lois sur l'économie de marché jouent également le rôle de régulateur de la médiation. Si cela est déplorable dans certains cas, cela a le grand avantage d'être exempt d'idéologie, indépendant des préférences personnelles et mesurable par un critère objectif, à savoir la réussite économique.Toutes ces réglementations sont omises dans la communication de la littérature arabe aux pays germanophones et vice versa. Le flux financier des organes de médiation, notamment les éditeurs et les traducteurs, est actuellement sécurisé par le secteur public. Le marché ne peut pas se le permettre dans un avenir prévisible. Cet article tente d'apporter des solutions à ces problèmes. Une médiation qui survalorise son sujet (comme beaucoup d'Arabes non seulement critiquent sévèrement mais surestiment souvent grossièrement leur culture contemporaine) court un grand risque de finir par médiatiser les lacunes - et ainsi de faire plus de mal que de bien à son sujet. Dès lors, la prétendue solution au dilemme de la médiation, à savoir la multiplication des activités de médiation, recèle des écueils considérables. Chaque intermédiaire doit non seulement bien connaître son sujet, mais aussi évaluer de manière réaliste les limites de sa capacité à communiquer. La médiation culturelle dans le conflit Est-Ouest ne requiert pas des danseurs de rêve, mais des funambules.
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Loussouarn, Yvon. "L'évolution de la règle de conflit de lois." Droit international privé : travaux du Comité français de droit international privé 1, no. 1 (1988): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/tcfdi.1988.948.
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El Hage, Yves. "Organisation des funérailles, religion et conflit de lois." Société, droit et religion Numéro9, no. 1 (2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sdr.009.0155.
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Ancel, Bertrand. "La réserve héréditaire au risque du conflit de lois." Tribonien N° 6, no. 1 (March 11, 2024): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/trib.006.0062.
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Calogeropoulos-Stratis, Aristidis S. "La dimension humanitaire de la guerre: La protection des personnes, militaires et civils, impliquées." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 74, no. 794 (April 1992): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100171771.
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Depuis quelque temps, des conflits armés éclatent à proximité, ou à l'intérieur, du continent européen.Il s'agit de conflits armés interétatiques, comme par exemple la guerre du Golfe, autorisée par la résolution 678 du Conseil de Sécurité, ou de guerres de libération nationale, comme le conflit armé en Yougoslavie ou la révolte au Kurdistan. Indépendamment de la légitimité du recours à la force dans chacune de ces situations, et bien que la notion classique de «guerre juste» n'existe plus, toutes les Parties à un conflit armé ont l'obligation morale, juridique et humanitaire de respecter, dans la conduite des hostilités et pendant toute la durée du conflit, les lois et les usages de la guerre.
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Delorme, François, and Gaston Nadeau. "Un aperçu des lois de retour au travail adoptées au Québec entre 1964 et 2001." Relations industrielles 57, no. 4 (September 9, 2003): 743–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006908ar.
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Résumé À partir d’une liste exhaustive des lois spéciales de retour au travail adoptées au Québec entre 1964 et 2001 inclusivement, les auteurs en présentent, sous la forme d’un tableau détaillé, certaines caractéristiques : un sommaire de leur contenu, la durée approximative du conflit auquel chacune des lois entendait mettre fin, le caractère légal ou illégal de l’arrêt de travail, sa durée ainsi que des commentaires de nature factuelle. Cet exercice permet de dégager quelques observations sur la fréquence d’utilisation de ce moyen exceptionnel et il conduit à identifier les domaines d’activité les plus souvent touchés par de telles interventions. Il montre aussi que le législateur prend souvent en compte, pour justifier l’usage de cet outil extraordinaire de règlement d’un différend, non seulement les critères relatifs au maintien de la santé et de la sécurité publiques, mais parfois aussi les inconvénients majeurs pouvant résulter du conflit. C’est qu’en pareille matière, l’adoption d’une loi se situe toujours aux frontières du droit et de la politique.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solutions du conflit de lois"
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Avout, Louis d'. "Sur les solutions du conflit de lois en droit des biens /." Paris : Economica, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/516868527.pdf.
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Avout, Louis d'. "Sur les solutions du conflit de lois en droit des biens." Paris 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA020063.
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Au moins depuis le XIIIe siècle pour les immeubles, et à partir de la fin du XIXe sicècle pour les meubles, les droits réels sont régis par la loi de situation physique de la chose matérielle qu'ils ont pour objet. Cette règle prétorienne, issue de la tradition du " statut réel " et universellement admise à l'étranger, est actuellement remise en cause à cause des solutions inopportunes qu'elle apporte à de nombreuses situations concrètes de conflit de lois. En raison de l'instabilité du rattachement en matière mobilière, la règle empêche l'élaboration d'un régime sûr et prévisible des droits réels d'origine conventionnelle. En raison de l'étanchéite de son domaine, de nombreuses prétentions légitimes à l'extraterritorialité – en matière de trusts, de proctection des biens culturels, de faillite – ne peuvent être honorée. Des signes discrets sont donnés, en droit conventionnel et en droit comparé, d'un déclin du principe de territorialité, favorable à l'internationalisation et à la diversification du régime des opérations transfrontalières de droit des biens. Cette thèse entend accompagner ce mouvement de spécialisation, par une analyse théorique générale des fondements et du fonctionnement particulier de la règle de droit international privé. Justifiée par la finalité du droit interne et par la position de force de l'Etat de situation pour la réalisation contraignante des droits réels, la règle pourrait sans difficulté évoluer vers un système de référence à l'ordre juridique de situation actuelle de la chose, prioritairement compétent pour assurer la police des droits réels, complété par le jeu de rattachements subsidiaires, notamment à la loi librement choisie par les parties.
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Diop, Falilou. "Uniformisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle et conflits de lois dans l'OAPI." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE3046.
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L’idée selon laquelle l’uniformisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle écarte le problème des conflits de lois semble profondément ancrée dans l’opinion des observateurs qui se sont intéressés au droit de l’OAPI. Du moins, les études qui se rapportent à la propriété intellectuelle dans cet espace n’abordent pas spécifiquement la question du conflit de lois. Lorsqu’elles l’évoquent ponctuellement, elles se limitent essentiellement à constater que ses rapports avec le droit uniforme se résument à sa disparition pure et simple. Ce constat commun méritait néanmoins d’être vérifié. C’est donc à une telle vérification, opérée au moyen d’une confrontation des effets de l’uniformisation du droit de propriété intellectuelle et des causes du problème des conflits de lois, qu’est consacrée la première partie de la présente thèse. Les résultats de cette confrontation conduisent à constater la persistance du problème des conflits de lois au sein de l’espace OAPI, même si le droit uniforme ne manque pas d’en influencer la configuration. Ainsi, la seconde partie de la thèse est consacrée à la recherche de solutions adaptées à la configuration particulière du problème dans l’OAPI. Cette recherche des solutions prend en compte les objectifs de l’entreprise d’uniformisation du droit de propriété intellectuelle, les engagements internationaux des États membres ainsi que les intérêts spécifiques que l’identification de la loi applicable cherche à servir. Elle aboutit, d’une part, à la proposition de solutions positive concernant la coordination institutionnelle nécessaire à une réalisation uniforme des droits de propriété intellectuelle ; d’autre part, à l’élaboration de règles destinées à l’identification de la loi applicable aux différents aspects de la propriété intellectuelleThe idea that the uniformization of intellectual property law eliminates the problem of conflict of laws seems to be deeply rooted in the opinion of observers who have taken an interest in OAPI law. At least, the studies that relate to intellectual property in this space do not specifically address the issue of conflict of laws. When they mention it occasionally, they essentially limit themselves to asserting that the uniform law eliminates the problem of conflicts of laws. This common observation nevertheless deserved to be verified. The first part of this thesis is devoted to such a verification. This verification was carried out by means of a comparison between the effects of the uniform intellectual property law and the causes of the problem of conflicts of laws. The results of this confrontation show the persistence of the problem of conflicts of laws within the OAPI area, even if uniform law does not fail to influence its configuration. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the search for solutions adapted to the configuration of the problem within the OAPI area. This search for solutions considers the objectives of the uniformization of intellectual property law, the international commitments of the member states as well as the specific interests that the identification of the applicable law seeks to serve. It leads, on the one hand, to the proposal of positive solutions concerning the jurisdictional coordination necessary for a uniform realization of intellectual property rights; on the other hand, to the development of rules intended to identify the law applicable to different aspects of intellectual property
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Souleau-Bertrand, Mathilde Lagarde Paul. "Le conflit mobile /." Paris : Dalloz, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399520747.
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Souleau-Bertrand, Mathilde. "Le conflit mobile." Paris 1, 2003. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247099115.
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La question du conflit mobile survient lorsque l'élément de la situation juridique retenu comme localisateur par la règle de conflit de lois dans l'espace a connu une ou plusieurs modification(s) dans le temps. La désignation opérée par la règle de conflit se dédouble alors entre deux lois. N faut déterminer laquelle est applicable ou délimiter les champs d'application respectifs des deux. Pour ce faire, une partie de la doctrine a proposé d'avoir recours aux principe du droit transitoire interne. D'autres auteurs voient dans le conflit mobile une question spécifiquement internationale, d'interprétation de la règle de conflit, et préconisent de rechercher un règlement particulier adapté à chaque règle de conflit de lois. Considérant que le conflit mobile relève à part entière des conflits de lois dans l'espace, nous pensons que son règlement peut être, dans une certaine mesure, systématisé. Aussi démontrons-nous que la règle de conflit de lois, interprétée à la lumière des principes qui la fondent (souveraineté, proximité, autonomie de la volonté et finalité matérielle de certaines règles) pourvoit à la régulation des intérêts privés aussi bien dans l'espace que dans le temps.
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Espinassous, Valentine. "L'uniformisation du droit substantiel et le conflit de lois." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010282.
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Le droit international privé repose sur la diversité aussi bien formelle que matérielle de droits qui ont tous vocation à s'appliquer à tout litige. Cette situation a été dénommée conflit de lois. L'unification assurée par une convention de droit substantiel semble supprimer cette diversité et donc l'existence du conflit de lois par l'élaboration de dispositions substantielles partagées par tous les États contractants. Le droit applicable semble en effet être unique. Cependant, les conventions ne créent pas des règles de droit substantiel uniforme, elles créent seulement l'obligation pour les États d'appliquer leurs dispositions dans certaines circonstances qu'elles définissent. Cette obligation implique de transformer les dispositions substantielles en règles de droit interne. Le conflit de lois formel est donc maintenu. Il en est de même du conflit de lois matériel en l'absence de procédé d'interprétation uniforme totalement efficace. Le recours à des règles de droit international privé demeure donc. Nécessaire, même en présence de dispositions uniformes. Ces règles devront être élaborées en tenant compte des exigences des conventions de droit uniforme quant au champ d'application dans l'espace des dispositions substantielles. Il sera également tenu compte de l'harmonisation recherchée par les conventions de droit uniforme par le biais d'une présomption d'harmonisation commandant le recours à un type de règle de droit international privé plutôt qu'à un autre.
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Muir, Watt Horatia. "La Fonction de la règle de conflit de lois." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594811w.
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Karam, Ghada. "La loi la plus favorable dans le conflit de lois." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020008.
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Vu la place qu'elle a progressivement conquise dans le règlement contemporain du conflit de lois, en grande partie grâce à l'utilisation étendue qu'en ont fait aussi bien le droit conventionnel que le droit positif national dans ses deux composantes, judiciaires et législatives, la " loi la plus favorable" semble occuper un statut particulier dans le droit international privé moderne. Cette étude ne saurait pour autant se limiter à une description pure et simple du phénomène. Bien que sérieusement contesté depuis la fameuse "révolution" américaine, le dogme de la neutralité de la règle de conflit compte encore des partisans assez convaincus. Par conséquent, avant d'en entamer une quelconque étude prospective, l'analyse des obstacles à l'acceptation de la faveur comme fondement de la règle de conflit s'impose logiquement en premier lieu. En fait, la consécration de la loi la plus favorable comme technique de résolution des conflits de lois dépendra de la pertinence théorique de ces obstacles. Dés lors, la première partie de la thèse explore les possibilités de pénétration du principe de faveur comme principe fondateur de la règle de conflit : avant d'aborder dans une seconde partie la consécration de la technique de la loi la plus favorable comme une nouvelle règle de conflit de lois.
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Laval, Sarah. "Le tiers et le contrat : étude de conflit de lois." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010259.
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Alors que le droit interne des contrats est marqué par le recul de l'autonomie de la volonté, le droit international privé fait du principe d'autonomie le facteur de rattachement principal en matière contractuelle. Parallèlement à cette évolution inversée, une évolution commune intervient en droit interne et international privé des contrats : celle de son ouverture aux tiers, par la portée des droits qu'il crée et la multiplication des liens de droit entre les tiers et les parties. Cohérent avec le recul de l'autonomie de la volonté en droit interne, le rapprochement du tiers et du contrat se heurte à la solution du conflit de lois en matière contractuelle. Alors que le principe d'autonomie sert l'intérêt des parties, le respect des prévisions du tiers appelle une loi objectivement déterminée. La prise en considération de l'objet et de l'opposabilité des contrats permet la prise en considération nuancée des intérêts des tiers et leur conciliation avec ceux des parties. Dans le cas des contrats à opposabilité renforcée, contrats à grand rayon d'action, la prise en considération du tiers passe par la création d'une règle de conflit spéciale en matière contractuelle qui rend le facteur de rattachement objectif impératif. Les parties aux contrats à grand rayon d'action ne peuvent choisir la loi applicable à leur contrat. Dans le cas des contrats à opposabilité simple, contrats à petit rayon d'action, la protection du tiers, touché par l'extension des effets du contrat, ne passe pas par l'objectivation du facteur de rattachement, mais par la qualification des questions ou la mise en œuvre de mécanismes dérogatoires comme l'adaptation ou les lois de policeWhile Substantial Contract Law is characterized by the decline of party autonomy, Private International Law makes it the main conflict rule in the field of Contract. Besides this reversed evolution, a similar trend is shaping Substantial Contract Law and Private International Law of Contract : the contract incorporates third parties, both through the rights it creates as well as through the increase in ties between parties and third parties. Coherent with the scaling down of party autonomy in Contract law, the connection between the third party and the contract goes against the conflict rule in the field of contracts. Although party autonomy serves parties interests, third parties expectations require an objectively determined law. To heed the object and the opposability of contracts allows for a well-balanced consideration of third parties interests in accordance with parties interests. Regarding contracts with reinforced opposability, ("long-range contracts"), the third party is taken into account by the creation of a special conflict rule in the field of contracts, that prevents parties from choosing their law. Party autonomy vanishes for these contracts. In case of simple opposability, ("short-range contracts"), the third party may be reached by the extension of contract effects. Its expectations cannot be protected by the elimination of party autonomy but either by the qualification of questions or by exceptional mechanisms such as overriding mandatory rules
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Fauvarque-Cosson, Bénédicte. "Libre disponibilité des droits et conflits de lois /." Paris : LGDJ, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371636453.
Full textBooks on the topic "Solutions du conflit de lois"
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Avout, Louis d'. Sur les solutions du conflit de lois en droit des biens. Paris: Economica, 2006.
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Espinassous, Valentine. L'uniformisation du droit substantiel et le conflit de lois. Paris: L.G.D.J, 2010.
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Malan, Alexandre. La concurrence des conventions d'unification des règles de conflit de lois. Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2002.
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Renouvellement de la théorie du conflit de lois dans un contexte fédéral. Paris: Dalloz, 2010.
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Coursier, Philippe. Le conflit de lois en matière de contrat de travail: Étude en droit international privé français. Paris: Libr. générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1993.
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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Lois de Conservations Eulériennes, Lagrangiennes et Méthodes Numériques. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.
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Ndzeng, Samuel Ntoutoume. Le proces du conflit des lois et des vides juridiques en Afrique Francophone apres l'instaurationdu multipartisme, Gabon: Loi no 04/91 du 3 Avril 1991 relative aux partis politiques. [Gabon]: Multipress Gabon, 1991.
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G, Collier John. Conflict of laws. 3rd ed. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
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G, Collier John. Conflict of laws. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
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Conflict of laws. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Solutions du conflit de lois"
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Daly, Cathy. "Climate Action and World Heritage: Conflict or Confluence?" In 50 Years World Heritage Convention: Shared Responsibility – Conflict & Reconciliation, 239–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05660-4_19.
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AbstractIn 2007, the Policy Document on the Impacts of Climate Change on World Heritage Properties was adopted by the World Heritage (WH) Committee, and a revised policy document, the Draft Policy Document on Climate Action for World Heritage, was released in 2021. An English word search on terms related to potential conflicts between WH and climate change was undertaken and utilised as a starting point for an exploration of developments over the 14 intervening years. Four themes were defined and explored, namely, mission, change, loss, and responsibility. In many cases of perceived conflict, professionals and policy makers have been actively working to find solutions. In others, there is the potential for developing new and creative approaches that will ensure the relevance of heritage in an uncertain future.
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Avigliano, Esteban, and Nahuel Schenone. "Conflict Areas and Solution Strategies in the Conservation of Ecosystems and Their Services: A Holistic Approach." In 50 Years World Heritage Convention: Shared Responsibility – Conflict & Reconciliation, 253–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05660-4_20.
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AbstractNatural environments and biodiversity are negatively affected by climate change and non-sustainable human activities around the world. Different management strategies have been implemented to mitigate the loss of habitat and ecosystem functions. Nevertheless, many of these have failed because, in general, they focus on protected areas. The loss of habitat and, thus, biodiversity occurs outside these areas and does not receive attention. Often, the conservation strategies go against the needs of the communities in the surroundings of the protected areas, generating a series of conflicts between the local governments, conservationists, and residents. In this sense, it is necessary to carry out holistic conservation strategies that consider human beings and their socio-cultural complexity within the environment to overcome the effect of climate change on biodiversity loss. This chapter empirically shows how it is possible to apply conservation strategies integrating scientific and political capacities and uniting governmental and non-governmental organizations for the execution of socio-environmental, educational, and research actions. This holistic approach contributes to the restoration of the environment and its services and to the mitigation of climate change in subtropical regions.
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Ojuok, Irene, and Tharcisse Ndayizigiye. "Women Participation in Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration for Climate Resilience: Laisamis, Marsabit County, Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2755–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_152.
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AbstractDespite the fact that land degradation is both natural and human-induced, it is proven that human activities pose greatest threat and these include unsustainable land management practices such as destruction of natural vegetation, overcultivation, overgrazing, poor land husbandry, and excessive forest conversion. Other than reduced productivity, land degradation also leads to socioeconomic problems such as food insecurity, insufficient water, and regular loss of livestock which exacerbate poverty, conflicts, and gender inequalities that negatively impact mostly women and children especially the rural population. Increased efforts by governments, donors, and partners toward reversing land degradation through community-led, innovative, and effective approaches therefore remain to be crucial today than never before!Farmer-managed natural regeneration (FMNR) is a proven sustainable land management technology to restore degraded wasteland and improve depleted farmland. This approach has been tested across Africa with high success rates. In spite of the huge local, regional, and global efforts plus investments put on promoting FMNR across different landscapes among vulnerable communities for climate resilience, the implementation of such projects has not been as successful as intended due to slow women uptake and participation in the approach. In order of ensuring women who are mostly at highest risk to impacts of climate change enjoy the multiple benefits that come along with FMNR, the success rate for uptake of FMNR especially among women need to be enhanced.This chapter seeks to explore drivers and barriers of women participation in uptake of FMNR for climate resilience. Findings will be shared from a 3-year project dubbed Integrated Management of Natural Resources for Resilience in ASALs and a Food and Nutrition project both in Laisamis, Marsabit County, Kenya. The program interventions on natural resource management for livelihoods seek to integrate gender and conflict prevention and prioritize sustainable, market-based solutions to address the persistent challenges. The chapter discusses findings, successes, and lessons learned from the actions and the requirement to position women as vulnerable groups at the center of initiatives designed to address the climate change crisis. The outcome of this chapter will enhance gender-responsive FMNR programing through awareness creation, effective organization/project designs, strategies, and plans together with advocacy and policy influence. Limitations of the study and main recommendations for future programing in similar contexts are also shared.
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"Conflit de lois." In Loi Type de la CNUDCI sur les Sûretés Mobilières, 75–80. Nations Unies, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9171b080-fr.
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Nyam, Esther. "Revolutionary Politics and Theater of Semiotics." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 349–59. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0081-0.ch019.
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In recent times, statistics have shown that the northern parts of Nigeria are poorer today than they were in the 1970s. Federal government of Nigeria is seen to be lacking in providing adequate security, quality education, good health facilities, agriculture, unemployment, infrastructure, social amenities and the like. Frustrated youths find themselves engaged in deadly politics, ethno-religious conflicts, political thuggery which has grown into political unrest and insurgency to be precise. The situation seems to be beyond repairs as seen in the present trend of the political campaigns, ethno-religious conflicts which is characterized by bombings, kidnapping, genocidal attacks, loss of lives and poverty, assassinations, hired killers, political blackmail, pre- and post-election violence. The thrust of this paper is to outline the recurring challenges and possible solutions of these revolutionary violent politics using varying semiotics with a view to finding a lasting solution for Nigeria's fragile democracy to progress to higher heights.
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Carlton, Richard, and Smajo Bešo. "Perspectives on cultural heritage loss and reconstruction 20 years after the end of conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina." In Heritage Under Pressure – Threats and Solution, 233–66. Oxbow Books, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvpmw4hr.21.
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RUBINO, Gerardo. "Analyse transitoire des systèmes de files d’attente markoviens : synthèse mettant l’accent sur les solutions analytiques et l’uniformisation." In Théorie des files d’attente 2, 285–322. ISTE Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9004.ch8.
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Ce chapitre traite du régime transitoire des files markoviennes les plus fondamentales (M/M/1, M/M/1/H, etc.). Il s’agit d’un article de synthèse centrée sur l’obtention d’expressions analytiques des distributions du nombre de clients dans la file à l’instant t, ainsi que sur l’intérêt de l’uniformisation pour leur obtention, puis également pour obtenir des procédés de calcul numérique de ces lois.
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Rosenberg, William G. "Social Conflict, Mediation, and the Revolutionary State." In States of Anxiety, 306—C9N98. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197610152.003.0010.
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Abstract How did Russia’s new ruling institutions formulate “solutions” to the multiple crises of scarcity and loss? After discussing the “weighty actor” thesis, which emphasizes the power of the state, this chapter details the multivalent quest by workers for socioeconomic security and dignity and by peasants for control over arable land and the supply of grain. Although social conflict riddled the three months of the first coalition regime, democratic liberals and democratic socialists worked strenuously to mediate conflict in the ministries, factories, and villages and along Russia’s vast railroad system. A spring strike wave is reviewed in these terms, along with growing peasant activism stimulated in part by radical socialists and Bolsheviks. Despite the efforts of those widely regarded as the revolution’s “best and brightest,” the chapter argues that in these terms alone, Russia was soon again, as one prominent spokesperson described, “on the brink of catastrophe.”
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Costantini, Vera. "Cadde-i ṣulḥ Il firmano di Osman II al doge di Venezia." In Riflessi e ombre nel Mar Bianco Scambi e interazioni tra Europa, Impero ottomano e Turchia. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-794-4/002.
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Against the backdrop of a disputable imperial succession to the Ottoman throne, fifty‑one Muslim merchants from Bosnia demand compensation from the Venetian authorities for the loss of their goods. In the framework of a dramatic crescendo of political conflict inside and outside the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Osman II described his rise to power in a sophisticated letter to Doge Giovanni Bembo. In the same text, he pledged to restore the ancient friendship between the two States, against their common enemies. In this context, where tradition and innovation find themselves tightly intermingled, a solution for Bosnian subjects was ultimately found.
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Alvard, Michael. "Indigenous Hunting in the Neotropics: Conservation or Optimal Foraging?" In Behavioral Ecology and Conservation Biology, 474–500. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195104899.003.0017.
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Abstract Much work of conservationists arises from the desire to balance individuals’ needs with the long-term goal of conserving biological diversity. One result is that solutions often include persuading people to behave in ways that are contrary to their own short-term self-interest. This conflict is apparent in the context of subsistence or traditional peoples and their use of species and habitats that conservation biologists consider threatened or endangered. Some conservationists view native peoples as allies whose goals are essentially isomorphic with their own (e.g., Alcorn, 1993), while others consider native people to be at least part of the problem (Redford and Stearman, 1993). There is no question that people and their use of natural resources are the ultimate cause of the conservation dilemma. It is human activity that leads to the destruction of ecosystems, the extinction of species, and the loss of biodiversity. A corollary to this truth is the implication that “natural” (not influenced by human action) processes that lead to extinction, habitat loss, or loss of biodiversity are an acceptable part of the way nature works (e.g., predation by nonhuman predators). The standard view of humans as despoilers of nature, however, is often reserved for industrial and postindustrial societies (Oelschlaeger, 1991; Budianski, 1995).
Conference papers on the topic "Solutions du conflit de lois"
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Antal, Orsolya. "New Practices in Alternative Dispute Resolution – New Pathways to Peace." In COFOLA International 2022. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0231-2022-2.
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This paper seeks to answer the question of how the pandemic has given rise to new solutions in the field of alternative dispute resolution. It examines the legislative processes these solutions have generated and, looking ahead, asks whether these legislative solutions can be expected to remain timeless or even evolve. Unfortunately, the examination of this question has also become topical, as humanity, which has been locked in a pandemic, is once again facing serious isolation due to the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The global loss of confidence, which is dramatically accelerating in a war situation, is a further serious challenge compared to the pandemic experience. What role can alternative dispute resolution play in this situation? Are the technological changes imposed by the pandemic useful for alternative dispute resolution?
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Planojević, Nina. "EKSPROPRIJACIJA KAO PREDUSLOV ZA PRUŽANjE USLUGA OD OPŠTEG INTERESA." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.269p.
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Due to the wide range of their beneficiaries and the fact that without them it is not possible for one social community to normally function and even exist, public interest services represent the most important type of services. One of the conditions for their uninterrupted delivery is also to ensure location for construction of objects and for their core activity, which is a difficult task especially in cities and densely inhabited places where there are not many free land lots. This turns into particularly large issue when delivery of these services requires one and specific type of immovable asset which is someone’s private ownership. The only solution for these situations, where there is a conflict of general and individual interest, is to apply expropriation institute which then becomes precondition for public interest services. Therefore, subject of this paper is elaboration of solutions for expropriation in the domestic law, through the analysis of the following segments of this institute: notion, subjects, types, development, functions and elements of expropriation (object, public interest, expropriation procedure and compensation). In the concluding part of the paper, the author summarises results of her analysis, indicating coherence between expropriation and public interest services.
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Planojević, Nina. "EKSPROPRIJACIJA KAO PREDUSLOV ZA PRUŽANjE USLUGA OD OPŠTEG INTERESA." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvixmajsko.269p.
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Due to the wide range of their beneficiaries and the fact that without them it is not possible for one social community to normally function and even exist, public interest services represent the most important type of services. One of the conditions for their uninterrupted delivery is also to ensure location for construction of objects and for their core activity, which is a difficult task especially in cities and densely inhabited places where there are not many free land lots. This turns into particularly large issue when delivery of these services requires one and specific type of immovable asset which is someone’s private ownership. The only solution for these situations, where there is a conflict of general and individual interest, is to apply expropriation institute which then becomes precondition for public interest services. Therefore, subject of this paper is elaboration of solutions for expropriation in the domestic law, through the analysis of the following segments of this institute: notion, subjects, types, development, functions and elements of expropriation (object, public interest, expropriation procedure and compensation). In the concluding part of the paper, the author summarises results of her analysis, indicating coherence between expropriation and public interest services.
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Klein, Felix, and Stephan Staudacher. "Plausibility Study of Hecto Pressure Ratio Concepts in Large Civil Aero Engines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64214.
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Enabling high overall pressure ratios, wave rotors and piston concepts seem to be solutions surpassing gas turbine efficiency. Therefore, a comparison of a wave rotor and three piston concepts relative to a reference gas turbine is offered. The piston concepts include a Wankel, a 2-stroke reciprocating engine and a free-piston. All concepts are investigated with and without intercooling. An additional combustion chamber downstream the piston engine is investigated, too. The shaft power chosen corresponds to large civil turbofans. Relative to the reference gas turbine a maximum efficiency increase of 11.2 percent for the piston concepts and 9.8 percent for the intercooled wave rotor is demonstrated. These improvements are contrasted by a 5.8 percent increase in the intercooled reference gas turbine and a 4.2 percent increase due to improved gas turbine component efficiencies. Intercooling the higher component efficiency gas turbine leads to a 9.8 percent efficiency increase. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the high difference between intercooler and piston engine weight and a conflict between piston concept efficiency and chamber volume, highlighting the need for extreme lightweight design in any piston engine solution. Improving piston engine technology parameters is demonstrated to lead to higher efficiency, but not to a chamber volume reduction. Heat loss in the piston engines is identified as the major efficiency limiter.
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Baby, Mathew, and Anand Balu Nellippallil. "An Information-Decision Framework to Support Cooperative Decision Making in the Top-Down Design of Cyber-Physical-Manufacturing Systems." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90836.
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Abstract Decision-making in the design of cyber-physical manufacturing (CPM) systems is complex due to many decisional entities and their complex interactions that need to be appropriately modeled and analyzed. One approach to designing these systems is the goal-oriented inverse design (GoID), using which satisficing design solutions are sought in a top-down manner. In this approach, entity decisions are directed towards meeting the goals propagated inversely from the subsequent entity in the manufacturing sequence. However, achieving the goals in a top-down manner may not be feasible for certain scenarios due to the defined constraints, available bounds, and targets for an entity. This leads to design conflicts between the entities and loss in entity and overall system-level performances. In this paper, we propose an information-decision framework that allows designers to model entity decision-making in a goal-directed manner, detect potential conflicts between entities, and regulate entity-level decisions to achieve improved entity and system-level performances. The regulation of entity decisions is accomplished by modifying active design variable bounds (considering the sensitivity of the goals to design variables), active constraint limits, or both jointly. The efficacy of the proposed framework is tested using a hot rod rolling problem involving sequential decisions. Using the problem, we showcase the use of the framework in detecting and systematically managing conflicts while designing the material, product, and manufacturing processes involved. The framework is generic, facilitates the top-down sequential design of interacting entities, and promotes cooperative design decision-making to manage design conflicts.
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Merizalde Zapata, Nicole Valeria, and M. Lenin Lara Calderón. "VIVIENDA COMO BASE PARA LA CREACIÓN DE COMUNIDADES. Diagnóstico de la participación ciudadana en proyectos de vivienda social en Quito." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12008.
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Social housing is developed without considering the user, his needs and even the place where it is implanted, specially, if we consider that a typological pattern is repeated and implanted everywhere. The most common problem is to acquire low-cost housing and that meets the standards of spatial comfort and not with the minimum dimensions. The following research proposes to analyze the degree of citizen participation of several social housing projects in Quito implemented in the last decades and to determine how right or wrong were the projections and expectations raised by the planners. For this purpose, a combined methodology was adapted, based on the comparison of physical and functional characteristics between the different projects and supported by the analysis Livingston’s literature review, participatory action, community participation, and collaborative housing, etc. The results show the importance of user participation and how this interaction can generate not only housing solutions but communities. Keywords: Citizen participation, social housing, sense of community, Quito. La vivienda de interés social se desarrolla sin tomar en cuenta al usuario, sus necesidades e incluso el lugar donde se implanta, mucho más si consideramos que un patrón tipológico se repite e implanta por doquier. Adquirir una vivienda de bajo costo y que cumpla con los estándares de confort espacial y no con las dimensiones mínimas, es el problema más común. La siguiente investigación plantea analizar el grado de participación ciudadana de varios proyectos de vivienda de interés social en Quito implantados en las últimas décadas y determinar cuán acertadas o erradas fueron las proyecciones y expectativas planteadas por los proyectistas. Con este propósito se adaptó una metodología combinada, basada en la comparación de características físicas y funcionales entre los distintos proyectos y apoyada en el análisis de revisión literaria de Livingston, acción participativa, participación comunitaria y vivienda colaborativa, etc. Los resultados permiten evidenciar la importancia de la participación de los usuarios y cómo esta interacción puede lograr generar no sólo soluciones habitacionales sino comunidades. Palabras clave: Participación ciudadana, Vivienda social, Sentido comunitario, Quito
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Couceiro, Marlene, and Cristina Carvalho. "Clothing and housing: Using materials with adaptable features can improve comfort and safety in emergency situations." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003644.
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In this paper, we intend to present adaptable solutions to improve the safety and comfort of users during or after natural catastrophes (earthquakes, eruptions, floods, hurricanes, droughts) or man-made disasters (conflicts and war). We will explore several suggestions, which I will list below: new applications of signage and innovative materials, which allow a more efficient communication in an emergency situation; garments that become shelters, to minimize the negative impact caused by the destruction and loss of the victims' houses; thermochromic materials, reflectors and color used as warning signs, model partitions, lightweight structures, etc. Those are some examples of the features that enable temporary installations to be created in order to relieve human suffering. Conclusions: In this study, we present some versatile, adaptable, and ecological structures, which reflect the environmental and social changes in our western society. We have put together a series of solutions to create temporary shelter. Projects which are a response to the needs of today's world: contemporary nomadism and struggles in renting or buying a house, due to the rising cost of essential goods and the cost of living. The recent past has been marked by a series of unpredictable events: a pandemic, man-made disasters (Russian-Ukrainian War) and natural catastrophes (a heat wave that hit Europe and increased the risk of fire, heavy and persistent rain that caused floods, falling trees and the recent earthquake in Turkey and Syria). Different occurrences that have left several people homeless. When working in extreme conditions and with limited resources, the provision of a shelter can reduce vulnerability in social and economic terms, physical integrity and well-being. It has been found that the development of this type of product has advantages in terms of comfort, mobility, and safety, as it allows for a rapid adaptation and recovery.
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Encinas Pino, Felipe, André De Herde, Carlos Ramiro Marmolejo Duarte, and Carlos Andrés Aguirre Núñez. "Comportamiento termico de edificios de departamentos en Santiago de Chile: segmentación de nichos en el mercado inmobiliario privado a partir de las exigencias de la reglamentación térmica nacional." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7586.
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Santiago, capital de la República de Chile, se sitúa en el valle central del país en los 33º 27’ de latitud sur
y 70º 42’ de longitud oeste, presentando un clima templado cálido con una estación seca prolongada de 7
a 8 meses de duración. La temperatura media anual es de 12,2°C y la oscilación térmica es considerable:
hay casi 13°C de diferencia en la temperatura media entre el mes más cálido (enero) y el más frío (julio) y
la diferencia entre las medias de las temperaturas máximas y mínimas para todos los meses del año
fluctúan entre 10 y 16°C.
De acuerdo a datos del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile (INE), el 37,4% de los permisos de
edificación de viviendas nuevas del 2006, declara que el ladrillo es su material predominante de muros,
mientras que otro 36,0% está asociado con el hormigón armado. Dada la generalmente nula presencia de
aislación térmica en estos sistemas constructivos y su alta inercia térmica de absorción, se podría esperar
para Santiago un comportamiento térmico - en términos de confort - más bien desfavorable en invierno y
favorable en verano. Sin embargo, estudios recientes presentan un escenario opuesto, dado que un gran
porcentaje de usuarios encuestados acusa un alto nivel de sobrecalentamiento en sus viviendas. Esta
aparente contradicción podría entenderse desde las limitaciones propias de esta base datos del INE del
año 2006, puesto que por ejemplo, no refleja el impacto de la implementación de la 2° etapa de la
Reglamentación Térmica nacional. Esta regulación, en vigencia desde enero de 2007, establece valores
máximos de transmitancia térmica admisible para los diversos elementos de la envolvente de una
vivienda. A partir del valor exigido en muros en Santiago (1,9 W/m2K), los nuevos edificios de
departamentos han tenido que necesariamente incorporar al menos 10 mm de aislante térmico en su
envolvente vertical, modificando su comportamiento térmico tanto en invierno como en verano.Este artículo propone la simulación del desempeño energético y condiciones de confort térmico para
invierno y verano, de edificios de departamentos en Santiago para estratos socioeconómicos medios y
medios altos, con el objetivo de establecer los impactos de las soluciones constructivas adoptadas en
estos. Estas simulaciones numéricas se realizarán sobre tipologías de productos de vivienda ofertadas en
el mercado privado durante el periodo 2006-2007, incorporando su materialidad y los datos de mercado,
precios y atributos inmobiliarios, según datos de oferta del Portalinmobiliario.com. Estas tipologías de
vivienda se traducirán en nichos, los cuales serán determinados a partir de la generación de grupos
homogéneos de viviendas mediante a la técnica de generación de conglomerados, sobre las variables de
cada producto inmobiliario. Estos grupos de viviendas se encontrarán en los mismos sub mercados
inmobiliarios, evaluándose diferentes combinaciones de atributos asociados a las materialidades. Las
simulaciones numéricas del comportamiento térmico en invierno y en verano, se realizan mediante el
software de evaluación de desempeño energético TAS, mediante un sistema dinámico que calcula las
condiciones de las viviendas en régimen horario, evaluando las condiciones de confort térmico.
Se espera probar que las soluciones técnico-arquitectónicas actuales, y su interpretación de la
Reglamentación Térmica vigente, generan desfavorables condiciones de confort independiente del nicho
de mercado donde estén compitiendo. Estas conclusiones permitirán establecer desafíos y oportunidades
para el mercado inmobiliario privado, tanto en términos de tecnología de la construcción, como en el
diseño arquitectónico, permitiendo el desarrollo de nuevas propuestas para integrar las exigencias de la
Reglamentación Térmica nacional a la realidad del mercado de vivienda privada. Santiago de Chile (33°27’S and 70°42’W), capital city of the country, is placed in the central valley. It has
a Mediterranean climate with a long dry season (between 7 and 8 months). Its annual average
temperature is 12,2°C, whereas the thermal oscillation is considerable: there is almost 13°C between
January and July average temperatures (hottest and coldest months, respectively) and the difference
between maximum and minimum temperatures ranges between 10°C and 16°C during all the year.
According to the National Statistics Institute, 37.4% and 36.0% of new housing during 2006 were built
using mainly brick masonry and concrete in their walls, respectively. In both cases, thermal insulation was
not generally considered. On the contrary for the heating period, a favorable thermal performance in
summer should be expected (low thermal insulation in combination to high thermal mass). However, some
recent studies show the completely opposite scenario, since an important percentage of users declare
overheating in their own dwellings. This apparent contradiction could be understood from a database
limitation, due to these official data do not reflect the impact of the current thermal regulation, which is in
force since January 2007. Notwithstanding the required standards are weak in comparison to the
international state-of-art (e.g. 1,9 W/m2K as maximum U-value for walls in Santiago), nowadays apartment
buildings in Santiago are including at least 20 mm of thermal insulation in their walls to give compliance to
the code.
This paper proposes a series of dynamic thermal simulations to apartment buildings in Santiago, with the
aim of establish the impact of different constructive solutions by means of thermal behavior, both in winter
and summer. These digital models are statistically based on the typologies offered in the private real
estate market during both periods 2001-2002 and 2006-2007, according to a database from
Portalinmobiliario.com. These were determined using a multivariate analysis of their attributes – producing
homogeneous market niches - through the hierarchical clustering technique. These homogeneous niches
were identified in the real estate private submarkets, assessing different attributes. Thermal simulations
were made using the TAS software, a dynamic-state digital tool.
According to the results, the implementation of the thermal regulation – intended mainly to reduce heating
consumption – have produced unfavorable comfort conditions in all the studied market niches, in
comparison with the business as usual scenario. These conclusions allow establishing challenges and
opportunities for the private real estate market, in order to integrate new thermal regulations with the
private market reality.
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Rivera Borrayo, Elisabeth, and Javier Orozco Alvarado. "Grandes proyectos de intervención en la ciudad-metrópoli: Guadalajara, México y los retos en la planeación urbana." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7606.
Full textAbstract:
El rápido crecimiento presentado en nuestras ciudades desde mediados del siglo XX, ha venido acompañado de diversos y significativos procesos de transformación en su estructura urbana, situación que genera problemas de múltiples complejidades.
Una de las estrategias que empiezan a ser incorporadas en las últimas décadas en las formas de intervención urbana, y en particular, en México, es la construcción de grandes proyectos de intervención
urbano-arquitectónicos, considerados estos como instrumentos clave en el desarrollo y planeación urbana, mismos que producen a su vez, significativos cambios en la estructura de la ciudad.
Este fenómeno ha sido motivo de múltiples reflexiones y enfoques, respecto de las repercusiones que tales proyectos han tenido y tienen en nuestro territorio, no únicamente en el ámbito local, sino en sus
alcances y repercusiones a escala regional.
En este sentido, la ciudad de Guadalajara y su zona metropolitana, comienza a incursionarse con este tipo estrategias dentro de sus sistemas de planeación. Actualmente, existen en la ciudad,
aproximadamente poco más de 30 grandes proyectos urbano-arquitectónicos, que fueron concebidos en las últimas dos décadas, sobrepasando los esquemas urbanos tradicionales que se habían mantenido en
la ciudad y que contrastan ahora, tanto en el ambiente urbano como en sus expresiones arquitectónicas.
Como casos de estudio se contemplan para su análisis, los siguientes proyectos: las Villas Panamericanas, el Centro Cultural y de Negocios JVC (en proceso de construcción), el museo Guggenhiem y el proyecto Puerta Guadalajara (en proyección). Proyectos que en su mayoría, han sido
impulsados por el gobierno, junto con una amplia participación de capital privado, por lo que, los instrumentos actuales de planeación implementados, han jugado un papel importante para que, a través
de ellos, se justifiquen y concreten estos ambiciosos proyectos en beneficio principalmente de sectores privados.
Para lograr nuestro objetivo, se analizará y reflexionará, sobre los retos que existen en el quehacer urbanístico y de planeación, para dar solución a los diversos conflictos urbanos existentes. De esta forma, se pretende contribuir a la discusión respecto de si la intervención y construcción de grandes proyectos, son o no, un instrumento que constituya una forma de dar respuesta a estos problemas y dar un impulso al desarrollo de la ciudad. Para cumplir con nuestro objetivo, se analizará cada caso, bajo dos puntos medulares: las características generales del proceso de construcción de los proyectos y las políticas e instrumentos de planeación urbana implementados.
A partir de estos puntos, se intentará explicar algunos de los diversos procesos de transformación que se presentan en la conformación del espacio urbano. Es innegable, que detrás de estos proyectos y formas de planeación, se disimulan diversos intereses económicos y políticos.
Las cuantiosas inversiones que se contemplan, nos llevan a visualizarlos como nuevas formas de especulación, al margen o en contra de los planteamientos urbanísticos anteriores, beneficiando primordialmente a sectores inmobiliarios y dejando a un lado el interés público. The fast growth displayed in our city since the mid-twentieth century, has accompanied with several and significant transformation processes in its urban structure, which generates problems of multiple complexities.
One of the strategies that begin to be incorporated in the last decades, in the forms of urban intervention and particularly in Mexico, is the construction of great urban projects of intervention, viewed as key
instruments in the development and urban planning, which produce in turn, significant changes in the structure of the city.
This phenomenon has been reason for multiple ideas and approaches; regarding the impact that project has been in our territory, not only at the local scope, but in its reaches and repercussions on regional scale.
In this sense, the city of Guadalajara and its metropolitan region, begins to incursionar itself with such strategies in their planning systems. At the moment, there are in the city, approximately more than 30
great urban-architectonic projects, that were conceived in last the two decades, exceeding the traditional urban patterns that had been held in the city and now that contrast both, in the urban environment as in
their architectonic expressions.
As cases studies are for analysis are the following projects: Las Villas Panamericanas, the JVC Center
(under construction), the Guggenhiem museum and Puerta Guadalajara (in projection). Projects that have largely been driven by the government, together with a large participation of private capital, so that,
implemented the present instruments of planning, have played an important role so that, through them, are justified and realized these ambitious projects in benefit of private sectors.
To accomplish our objective, it will be analyze and reflect, on the challenges that exist in the planning, to give solution to the diverse existing urban conflicts. In this way, it is tried to contribute to the discussion about whether the intervention and construction of great projects, are or not, an instrument that constitutes a form to give answer to these problems and to give an impulse to the development of the city.
To accomplish ur objective, will analyze each case, under two central points:
The general characteristics of the construction process of projects.
Policies and instruments of urban planning in place.
From these points, will try to explain some of the various transformation processes that appear in the shaping of the urban space.
He is undeniable, that behind these projects and forms of planning, are hidden various economic and political interests. The numerous investments which they are contemplated, lead to visualize them as new
forms of speculation, outside or against previous the city-planning expositions, benefitting fundamentally to real estate sectors and leaving to a side the public interest.
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Bordas Eddy, Marta, and Miguel M. Usandizaga Calparsoro. "Reconquistando nuestras ciudades históricas." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Mexicali: Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7640.
Full textAbstract:
Se propone una reflexión general sobre la necesidad de recuperar nuestras emblemáticas ciudades históricas y su arquitectura, para que sean devueltas a sus ciudadanos y usuarios. Se detecta una “museización” de dichas ciudades, en las que su carácter histórico y patrimonial parece primar sobre el derecho de libre movilidad y disfrute de las personas, minimizando la vida cotidiana urbana y transformando el entorno en puras imágenes para admirar en la distancia, en una especie de símil de patrimonio congelado en forma de gran escultura.
La reflexión se basa en el estudio y resultados generados por el Programa Intensivo “LOCUS - Let‟s Open Cities for Us”, programa que, durante el transcurso de tres años consecutivos, ha afrontado la problemática de movilidad y accesibilidad en cascos históricos de fuerte carga patrimonial y de compleja y pronunciada topografía. En la mayoría de ocasiones se trata de ciudades fortificadas, protegidas por una muralla medieval en lo alto de una colina, debido a su primer origen defensivo, indispensable en la época pero en plena contraposición contemporánea: debemos, por lo tanto, replantear nuestras ciudades históricas y garantizar su franco acceso.
Nuestro deber de asegurar una completa igualdad de condiciones de uso y nuestro derecho a gozar de una buena calidad de vida, nos exige investigar las herramientas adecuadas que nos permitan acceder a nuestro patrimonio de forma equitativa para todas las personas, independientemente de sus diversas necesidades especiales. Se trata de innovar en una arquitectura inteligente capaz de dar respuesta a nuestras demandas actuales, sin renunciar a la percepción de belleza y harmonía de nuestra herencia patrimonial. El objetivo es el de mejorar la relación entre arquitectura y sociedad: mediante una arquitectura accesible se garantiza un mayor confort de todos los usuarios en general y, consecuentemente, un aumento de la calidad de vida, de rentabilidad y sostenibilidad. La arquitectura sólo será sostenible cuando permita su utilización, siendo la arquitectura accesible la máxima garantía para una sociedad inclusiva.
LOCUS (www.etsav.upc.edu/locus) ha sido coordinado por la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) y ha contado con la participación de ocho escuelas de arquitectura de universidades europeas asociadas al programa. La ponencia presentará conclusiones derivadas del estudio realizado por LOCUS en las siguientes cuatro ciudades ibéricas: Tarragona (Febrero 2008), Girona (Julio 2008), Évora (Julio 2009) e Ibiza (Abril 2010). Se destacan la diversidad de enfoques y propuestas que se generan en un estudio como éste, pudiendo ser de gran ayuda real para futuras actuaciones municipales similares. The paper addresses a general reflection upon the need of recuperating our emblematic historic cities and their architecture, in order to return it back to their citizens and users. A certain sort of “museumization” is detected in the mentioned cities, where their great heritage and historical character seems to be a priority over the right of free mobility and enjoyment of the people, minimizing the urban daily life and transforming the environment in pure images only to be admired from the distance, in a kind of simile of frozen heritage in the form of a great sculpture.
This consideration comes from the study and results generated by the Intensive Program “LOCUS – Let‟s Open Cities for Us”, which has faced, during three consecutive years, the problematic of mobility and accessibility in historic city centers with strong heritage value and complex and steep topography. In most occasions these sites are fortified cities, protected by a medieval wall on the top of a hill, due to their first defensive origin, indispensable at that time but in a total contemporary contraposition: we must, therefore, rethink our historic cities and ensure their frank access.
Our duty of ensuring completely equal terms of use and our right to enjoy a good quality of life, leads to the research on those adequate tools that will allow accessing the heritage in an equitable manner for all people, regardless their diverse special needs. It is about innovating an intelligent architecture able to offer an answer to our present demands, without renouncing the perception of beauty and harmony of our inheritance. The objective is to improve the relationship between architecture and society: by means of an accessible architecture we can guarantee a better comfort for all users and, consequently, and improvement of the quality of life, the profitability and the sustainability. Architecture will be only sustainable when its utilization is permitted, being an accessible architecture the maximum guarantee of an inclusive society.
LOCUS (www.etsav.upc.edu/locus) has been coordinated by the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and has the partnership of eight architecture schools coming from diverse European universities. The paper will present conclusions resulting from the analysis of four Iberian cities studied by LOCUS: Tarragona (February 2008), Girona (July 2008), Évora (July 2009) and Ibiza (April 2010). It is worth mentioning the diversity of approaches and solutions generated by a study like this, being a great orientation for future similar urban interventions.
Reports on the topic "Solutions du conflit de lois"
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Ament, Rob, Sandeep Kumar Tiwari, Melissa Butynski, Becky Shu Chen, Norris Dodd, Aditya Gangadharan, Nilanga Jayasinghe, et al. Protecting Asian Elephants from Linear Transport Infrastructure: The Asian Elephant Transport Working Group’s Introduction to the Challenges and Solutions. Asian Elephant Transport Working Group, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53847/vywn4174.
Full textAbstract:
Asian elephants are endangered across their remaining home ranges in South and Southeast Asia. According to recent estimates, fewer than 52,000 individuals remain in the wild across 13 range states. Ongoing loss and fragmentation of habitat, increasingly caused by the development and operation of linear transport infrastructure (LTI) - such as roads, railways, and highways - is now exacerbating these threats. The Asian Elephant Transport Working Group (AsETWG) began collaboration in early 2019 to focus its efforts on developing solutions for conserving core habitats and decreasing mortality and barriers to Asian elephant movement. This publication marks a first milestone in AsETWG's work. It highlights the impacts that LTI has on Asian elephants and their habitats, addresses existing frameworks for reducing elephant-transport conflicts, provides seven case studies and a focus on emerging technologies, and makes general recommendations for inspiring urgent and practical actions.
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Hicks, Jacqueline, Alamoussa Dioma, Marina Apgar, and Fatoumata Keita. Premiers résultats d'une évaluation de recherche-action systémique au Kangaba, Mali. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2024.019.
Full textAbstract:
Cet article présente les premiers résultats d’une recherche d’évaluation intégrée dans un projet communautaire de consolidation de la paix mis en œuvre au Mali. Appelé « Vestibule de la paix », le projet utilise la recherche-action systémique (SAR) pour aider dans un premier temps divers membres de communautés locales sélectionnées à recueillir et analyser des récits de vie en traçant les moteurs systémiques du conflit. Cette analyse causale motive ensuite la génération de solutions collectives à certains moteurs à travers des Groupes de Recherche-Action facilités (GRA). L’approche SAR, une approche alternative et participative à la consolidation de paix, vise à impliquer et à donner aux acteurs locaux les moyens de renforcer leur capacité d’agir alors qu’ils définissent et négocient des voies innovantes pour parvenir à la paix au quotidien. La conception globale de l’évaluation du projet Vestibule de la Paix utilise l’analyse des contributions comme principale approche d’évaluation, utilisant plusieurs méthodes pour explorer des « point chauds causals » spécifiques. Cet article présente les résultats d'études de cas approfondies de GRA dans le cadre de l'approche SAR dans la région de Kangaba au Mali. Il s'agit d'une méthode utilisée dans la conception de l'analyse de contribution qui vise à décrire le contexte, les mécanismes et la dynamique d'une sélection de GRA. Les sources de données proviennent de la documentation des processus GRA par les membres du GRA et l’équipe du projet, d'entretiens et de séances de réflexion avec les participants et les facilitateurs. Après avoir décrit les processus internes des groupes, l'article rassemble ensuite un récit de contribution pour partager des résultats comparatifs sur la façon dont les processus GRA ont fonctionné pour qui et dans quel contexte.
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Opportunities and drivers for SME agribusinesses to reduce food loss in Africa and Asia. Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240191175.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change, conflict, and the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath have caused a sharp increase in food insecurity globally. Reducing food loss - a decrease in the quantity and/or quality of food that takes place from production through to processing - in places where food insecurity is most severe has the potential to be a win-win for food security, climate outcomes, and for commercially driven agribusinesses. This report reviews the common drivers of food loss in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which include inadequate storage, lack of cold chain, and poor post-harvest and distribution practices. It then highlights five technologies or approaches which have the potential to address food loss, and which are appropriate for agricultural small and medium-sized enterprises (agri-SMEs) operating in much of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which face particular challenges (e.g. an unreliable electrical grid and fragmented value chains). Finally, the report highlights the main barriers to adoption and scale for these technologies and approaches, and identifies opportunities for governments, development partners, investors, and technology manufacturers to improve their uptake among agri-SMEs. The five technologies and approaches covered in this report are as follows: Decentralization of processing using solar dryers: The decentralization of primary food processing, in which some portion of value addition is undertaken close to the farm gate by farmers or SMEs, can have multiple benefits, including reducing food loss, lowering transport costs, and increasing rural incomes. Solar drying technology can enable this model, particularly in areas where there is a tradition of sun drying fruits and vegetables and there is a viable domestic or regional market for these products. Successful models typically involve an agribusiness off-taker who works with farmers and SME producers, providing technology and services (e.g., guaranteed off-take, training etc.) that ensure the production of high-quality produce. Hermetic storage (e.g. bags and cocoons): This maturing technology is increasingly available in local markets and represents a potentially easy-to-implement solution which could help to substantially address food loss during storage - where most loss occurs - for key staple grains. Cost and usage remain challenges for smallholders, with greater potential for small- to medium-scale traders and aggregators in rural areas with limited storage infrastructure. By creating a hypoxic environment around the produce, these solutions can achieve 100% insect mortality and reduce the growth of mould and aflatoxins. Bags are more appropriate for agri-SMEs involved in distribution, whereas cocoons (i.e. storage containers consisting of two plastic halves joined together by an airtight zip) are more useful for those storing large volumes for periods of six months or longer. Off-grid cold storage (e.g. solar-powered cold rooms): Innovative technologies and delivery mechanisms are still being tested in markets in India, Nigeria, and Kenya. Despite the high upfront cost, there are several examples of agri-SMEs and co-operatives achieving payback periods of as little as two years across a range of fruit and vegetable value chains, with returns driven by reductions in food loss and improved pricing due to better quality of the produce. Cooling as a service business models also offer the potential to reach smaller agri-SMEs and micro-entrepreneurs operating in informal rural and peri-urban value chains, but their application is limited to high-value crops that are generally out of the reach of the rural poor. Agri-ecommerce platforms: Agri-ecommerce platforms are a well-developed technology that aims to reduce food loss by improving the availability of information on market demand for farmers. Technology providers can also engage in logistics, warehousing, and quality control, taking collection of the produce from rural-based hubs, combining it at a central packing house, and delivering to urban retailers. Models of this kind have scaled more effectively in South Asia than sub-Saharan Africa, where they are constrained by poor road and logistics infrastructure. Waste-to-value approaches: Waste-to-value or circular economy approaches have the potential to reduce food loss by utilizing bruised or damaged fruits and vegetables which are unable to be sold as intended as inputs into other food products. Although the application of these approaches to the production of products such as condiments and oils is popular, they are unlikely to have a material impact on food security. However, models such as using black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to produce animal feed (after consuming the food waste) are more promising, with a range of related technologies and business models operating in markets in both Africa and Asia. The main barriers to the success and scaling up of these technologies and approaches include a lack of knowledge and awareness of their commercial benefits, a lack of finance for manufacturers and agri-SME customers, a need for further research and development (R&D) and business model innovation (e.g. to bring down cost), and a lack of supportive policies and regulatory frameworks. Policymakers, development partners, investors, and the private sector can all play important roles in addressing these barriers.