Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solutions (chimie) – Synthèse (chimie)'
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Podor, Renaud. "Synthèse et caractérisation des monazites uranifères et thorifères." Nancy 1, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1994_0404_PODOR.pdf.
Full textVALENTE, CAMPION ISABELLE. "Application de la chimie des solutions a la synthese d'oxydes supraconducteurs." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066665.
Full textHinschberger, Jean. "Nouveaux macrocycles complexants photoluminescents et photoréactifs synthèse-radiocristallographie-photophysique." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10540.
Full textLe, Goff Pierre-Yves. "Synthèse de zéolithes en système semi-ouvert et à partir de solutions aqueuses basiques." Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0383.
Full textPoirier, Romain. "Synthèse en solution de sulfures divisés pour les électrolytes de batteries lithium-ion tout solide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10212.
Full textSolid electrolytes are now considered to be the key to the development of new generations of batteries. Two types of solid electrolyte have mainly been studied, polymers and inorganics, but their performance remains limited. One promising way of obtaining high-performance electrolytes is to use inorganic particles incorporated into a polymer matrix to form a hybrid electrolyte. Among the possible inorganic materials, the sulfide family (Li3PS4, Li6PS5X with X= Cl, Br, I) has very high ionic conductivities. However, these materials are generally obtained by the solid route, leading to aggregated micrometric particles. Furthermore, although solution syntheses have recently been demonstrated, the potential to control their size, morphology and prevent aggregation has not been exploited. The aim of this thesis is to develop a methodology for the synthesis of sulfides that enables the size, morphology and aggregation of particles to be controlled so that they can be incorporated into a polymer phase. Several solution synthesis routes were developed in order to overcome the kinetic limitations of conventional synthesis. These different synthesis methods have produced a wide range of particles with different morphologies and aggregation rates. The impact of particle size and morphology on the electrochemical performance of the electrolytes was studied. The best performing electrolytes were tested in hybrid formulations as well as in complete all-solid state electrochemical cells with a Li/In anode
Calvez, Guillaume. "Synthèse et étude des applications potentielles de matériaux moléculaires à base d'entités hexanucléaires de terres rares." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0024.
Full textCoordination polymers are infinite compounds made up of metallic centres bound to one another by organic ligands. Rare-earth-based coordination polymers broaden the application field of this kind of compounds thanks to the exceptional magnetic and optic properties of rare earth ions. The goal of the works achieved during this PhD was to be able to use a rare-earth-based polynuclear entity –the octahedral rare earth based hexanuclear entity– as a metallic centre in coordination polymers. The reactivity of the complex has been a problem resulting either in an alteration or in a non-reaction of the octahedral hexanuclear entity. A solution to this problem has been the solvothermal synthesis, which makes it possible to have the complex react in a medium which is less aggressive towards it. A coordination polymer has been obtained and characterised, several proofs show with certainty that it is a coordination polymer containing octahedral hexanuclear entities as metallic centres
Gadou, Richard. "Organocatalyseurs tensioactifs : synthèse, propriétés et application en catalyse asymétrique en milieu aqueux." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0046.
Full textThe starting goal of this work was to develop new fonctionnalized surfactants, to characterize them and to use them as organocatalysts involved in chemical reactions (aldol reaction, Michael addition) in aqueous media. Amphiphilic derivatives of Prolinamide and of aminomethylpyrrodidine have been synthesised coupling an aliphatic and hydrophobic chain (C12) or a surfactant polyethoxylated block (C12E8) with the pyrrolidinic catalytic block. These molecules have been characterized by their surfactant properties and for some of them by their aggregates structure by SANS (ellipsoide with polar hydrated shell, cylinders). These surfactant organocatalysts have been used in aldol reaction and Michael addition. Screenings show that ProAmide-C12, TFA is the most efficient catalyst (yield, stereoselectivity) with cyclohexanone. ProAmide-C12E8 is the most efficient catalyst with an hydrosoluble ketone (acetone). These different reactivities are due to HLB differencies between the 2 catalysts and by a different localization of the reactionnal medium. These organocatalysts can be recycled using an ecofriendly process, without using any organic solvents. Finally, NMR1H studies of starting materials localization in micellar solutions show different localizations with ProAmide-C12, TFA (in hydrophobic core) or with ProAmide-C12E8 (in polar shell). Isotopic exchanges show the different equilibria which take place in reactionnal medium
Viguier, Romain. "Synthèse de nouveaux ligands polypodes : complexation des ions lanthanide en solution aqueuse." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10277.
Full textCalvet, Damien. "Polymères associatifs téléchéliques alkylés et perfluoroalkylés : synthèse - structures - rhéologie des solutions aqueuses." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20118.
Full textDenoix, Arthur. "Étude et synthèse par chimie douce de nanoparticules de β-Zn4Sb3 pour la réalisation de composants thermoélectriques par des solutions d’impression." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20192/document.
Full textUse of thermoelectricy involves an increase of the module efficiency. In this purpose we need to optimize the dimension of the module and to increase the figure of merit of thermoelectric materials. But we also need to reduce the synthesis and shaping cost. Within the framework of this thesis, we focused on the synthesis of β-Zn4Sb3 nanoparticles by a low energy technique: wet chemistry. We also studied the shaping of this material by printing technologies. These cost-effective technologies allow reaching optimized dimensions. β-Zn4Sb3 is synthesized in two steps: a reflux synthesis flowed by a thermal treatment at 400 °C under vacuum. Chemical composition (XRD, Rietveld refinement), morphology (SEM, TEM) and thermal stability of the powder are studied. The as product β-Zn4Sb3 is densified by SPS and we measured its properties. They show an increase of the figure of merit for temperatures below 100 °C. However above this temperature the presence of zinc and porosity increase electric resistivity and thermal conductivity, leading to a figure of merit of 0.6 at 400 °C. Finally the powder is shaped by two printing technologies: screenprinting and atomization on glass and Kapton substrate. Just after printing the samples show a high electrical resistivity but a decrease is observed after mechanical and thermal treatment. The estimate figure of merit of printing β-Zn4Sb3 is 0.06 at 400 °C. However the printing techniques are cost-effective and allow mass production, which make them still interesting
Moreno, Pierre. "Synthèse de dendrimères poly(aminoesters) biodégradables." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4097.
Full textDendrimers are a special family of synthetic macromolecules with myriad applications, in particular biomedical implementation. The tridimensional, monodispersed and well defined structure of dendrimers give to them a unique position in medicine applications. Initially used as a mimic of proteins, poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) are also very efficient for nucleic acid delivery. With the aim to improve the biocompatibility and delivery efficiency of these non viral vectors, we designed and synthesized new poly(aminoester) dendrimers as potential biodegradable dendrimers sensitive to enzymatic hydrolysis or pH variations.On the basis of our previous results for the solution-phase synthesis of poly(aminoester) dendrimers, we decided to construct our dendrimers using a multi functionalized core and dendrons with complementary functions. These building units will be connected together at the end of the synthesis by a Huisgen dipolar cycloaddition through a copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) well known as « Click » reaction. In order to obtain higher generation dendrimers, we explore the supported chemistry using both soluble and solid supports. The solid-phase synthesis based on two iterative steps, Michael addition and esterification, seems to be very promising
Yim, Anne-Marie. "Réactivité des "alpha, bêta"-déhydroaminoacides : additions radicalaires en solution et sur support solide." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20072.
Full textSokolov, Petr. "Synthèse de ZnO cubique et ses solutions solides sous hautes pressions et hautes températures." Paris 13, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA132013.
Full textThe ZnO-based materials are attractive for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices operating in the blue and ultraviolet spectral regions. The high-pressure rock salt polymorph of ZnO (rs-ZnO) is of particular interest because of the wider opportunities for bandgap engineering as compared to the low-pressure wurtzite phase. However, rs-ZnO could not be quenched down to ambient pressure to the beginning of this work. The main objective of the work was to synthesize various rs-ZnO-based phases at high pressure (up to 7. 7 GPa) and high temperature (up to 2000 K) and then recover them at ambient conditions. Three different routes to the rs-ZnO stabilization at ambient conditions have been developed i. E. By preparing nanostructured rs-ZnO phase; by the use of isostructural NaCl matrix; and by alloying ZnO with the rs-MeIIO (MeII – Ni2+, Fe2+, Co2+,Mn2+) and LiMeIIIO2 (MeIII – Sc3+, Ti3+, Fe3+, In3+) oxides. Thus, a number of materials with advanced electronic and optical properties has been synthesized; and their structural, thermodynamic, luminescent, magnetic and transport properties have been studied. The data obtained shed light on the factors responsible for formation of rs-ZnO under pressure and its recovery down to ambient conditions, which will help to develop the principles of producing new advanced ZnO-based materials. Finally, it has been shown that the synthesized rs-ZnO materials are the materials of choice for the advanced optoelectronic applications. The use of high pressure and high temperature is the key factor for the formation of such materials with high (up to 0. 8 mol. Fr) ZnO content
Pilet, Guillaume. "Cristallochimie des clusters octaédriques de rhénium : synthèses haute température et élaboration en solution de nouveaux composés hybrides à base de briques moléculaires Re6L14." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10073.
Full textBaillon, Fabien. "Procédé de synthèse du dioxyde de titane : analyse et modélisation des solutions titane-sulfate; influence des ultrasons sur la précipitation." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1046.
Full textCarlach, Philippe. "Précipitation homogène ou polyphasique par décomplexation thermique : application à la synthèse d'hydroxydes de nickel à partir de solutions ammoniacales." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1149.
Full textChampeaux, Marina. "Obtention de nouveaux matériaux de basse dimensionalité par chimie douce : électrosynthèse pour la préparation de ternaires K/Cu/S et chimie en solution pour la synthèse de thiophosphates de métaux de transition." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2004.
Full textThe thesis deals with the synthesis of new materials of low dimensionnality by " chimie douce ". The first chapter consists in a brief description of the synthetic routes we used. The second one describes the electrosynthesis of KCu7-xS4 phases and the solvothermal synthesis of silver and alkaline chalcogenides AxAgQy (A = K or Rb and Q = S or Te). Our goal was to solve the structure of KCu7-xS4 phases at low temperature to explain the anomalies in the resistivity, the thermal conductivity, the heat capacity and the thermoelectric power in such compounds. The third chapter lies in a study of the reactivity in solution of several thiophosphates as KMPS4 (M = Ni, Pd) and NaCr1-xInxP2S6. Moreover, metathesis reactions from KNiPS4 were carried out to determine the role played by the nature of the counter-cation on the anionic framework
Caro, Dominique De. "Synthèse et caractérisations physico-chimiques de petites particules métalliques en solution organique. Etude de leurs propriétés optiques et magnétiques." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30231.
Full textDe, jesus almeida freitas Alexy. "Synthèse de nanoparticules cristallines en solution : rôle des états transitoires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX003/document.
Full textSoft chemistry is attractive thanks to its easy implementation. However, the related phenomena are poorly understood to this day. Usually, crystal size and their nucleation rate are described using classical nucleation theories. By construction, they neglect (i) any potential intermediate state (ii) any consideration of microstructure. In addition, the nucleation rates measured are in disagreement with the prediction, by a factor of at least 1010. Taking into account the intermediate states and investigate their impact on the structure (not only the size) should be a good way to improve crystallisation theories.The characterisation of those intermediate states remains challenging : they are labile, nanometer-sized, and are formed in less than a second. To address our problem, europium-doped yttrium vanadate (YVO4:Eu) is an excellent candidate : it is microstructured and its crystallisation - polycrystalline or monocrystalline depending on the pH – occurs via an amorphous intermediate state.Our work precises the different microstructures observed. We then measure three different nucleation rates in situ X-ray scattering, with different degrees of polycristallinity associated. We propose a simple model predicting the poly/monocrystallinity from the competition between nucleation and crystal growth and the following new idea : the amorphous precipitate confines the reaction. In addition to this role, it also serves as reactor (contains 80% of the reactants) and as template (as it sets the particles’ final size). All three amorphous are structurally similar, its structure alone cannot explain the differences in structural kinetics we observe. We thus focus on chemical processes in play. In particular, we demonstrate that the reaction kinetics depends mainly on the number of hydroxyl ions engaged in the amorphous network.The methods and concepts developed here are independant on the chemical system used, and it is highly probable that they will prove valid for other compounds : other oxide nanoparticles, or crystals in general
Moreno, Pierre. "Synthèse de dendrimères poly(aminoesters) biodégradables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4097.
Full textDendrimers are a special family of synthetic macromolecules with myriad applications, in particular biomedical implementation. The tridimensional, monodispersed and well defined structure of dendrimers give to them a unique position in medicine applications. Initially used as a mimic of proteins, poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAM) are also very efficient for nucleic acid delivery. With the aim to improve the biocompatibility and delivery efficiency of these non viral vectors, we designed and synthesized new poly(aminoester) dendrimers as potential biodegradable dendrimers sensitive to enzymatic hydrolysis or pH variations.On the basis of our previous results for the solution-phase synthesis of poly(aminoester) dendrimers, we decided to construct our dendrimers using a multi functionalized core and dendrons with complementary functions. These building units will be connected together at the end of the synthesis by a Huisgen dipolar cycloaddition through a copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) well known as « Click » reaction. In order to obtain higher generation dendrimers, we explore the supported chemistry using both soluble and solid supports. The solid-phase synthesis based on two iterative steps, Michael addition and esterification, seems to be very promising
Heisbourg, Guillaume. "Synthèse, caractérisation et études cinétique et thermodynamique de la dissolution de ThO_2 et des solutions solides Th_(1-chi)M_(chi)O_2 (M=U,Pu)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005511.
Full textDuarte, William. "Composés de type La2Zr2O7 élaborés par projection plasma de solution et par chimie douce : application aux moteurs spatiaux." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0083/document.
Full textThese work deal with the conception of La2Zr2O7 coatings by Solution Precursor Plasma Spraying (SPPS) for thermal barrier application in space engine. Different precursors’ solutions of various solvents were prepared for powder synthesis and the realization of different coatings. Precursors and solvents have important effect on interactions in solution leading to the modification of powder properties, especially crystalline phases or densification. Similarly the diversity of studied solutions and the optimisation of thermal projection parameters allowed the elaboration of various coatings’ microstructures (dense, homogeneous porous and columnar). Columnar microstructure show better resistance to thermal cycling shock experiment than others coatings. It was also established a correlation between the SPPS coatings and powders structural data
Cardenas, Antonio. "Membranes hybrides contenant des complexants phosphates : synthèse, caractérisation et étude du tranport des ions." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20181.
Full textTiabi, Mourad. "Préparation de chromannes, chromènes et de polyisoprenylhydroquinones : application à la synthèse de substances naturelles : précocènes, cordiachromène et dictyochroménol." Tours, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOUR4003.
Full textSinquin, Anne. "Alginates associatifs : synthèse et étude physico-chimique en milieu aqueux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL035N.
Full textLouërat, Frédéric. "Métallation et fonctionnalisation sélectives des (pyridyl)pipérazines en solution et en phase supportée." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10123/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is the fonctionnalization of pyridine derivatives bearing several heteroatoms on the substituent. Pyridylpiperazines were choosen as substrates and lithiated using the n-BuLi-LiDMAE superbase. We carried out the metallation of N-protected pyridylpiperazines very efficiently regardless of the protective group. An iterative functionalisation was also carried out under the same conditions on isomers 3 and 4. The lithiation awas also studied on solid phase. Several observations could be made from the metalations: an excess of superbase was necessary, and the metalation temperatures varied from 25 to –78°C with respect to the isomer. The functional derivatives were easily deprotected into amines or carbamates. The additional contribution of a heteroatom in bis-(pyridyl)piperazines did not modify the quantity of superbase. The mono bis-fonctionnalisation could be controlled by temperature. We also varied the nature of complexing heteroatoms on the pyridine substituent. When the substituent was placed in position 4, a notable decrease of the superbase amount was necessary for metallation achievement. These same substituents located in position 2, required the ususal excess of lithiating reagent
Nouvet, André. "Synthèse en solution, en phases liquide et solide de peptidomimétiques contraints à base de perhydro-(1,4)-diazepin-2-ones." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20111.
Full textProm, Marie-Rose. "Solubilisation d'une huile essentielle dans un milieu hydroalcoolique à faible teneur en alcool." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20283.
Full textLakhrissi, Brahim. "Synthèse et étude analytique de collecteurs adaptés à la flottation ionique du gallium en milieu fortement alcalin." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10283.
Full textMatondo, Hubert. "Synthese de n-4 pyridylcarbamates a activite herbicide potentielle : etude cinetique de l'influence des solutions micellaires sur leur hydrolyse." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30026.
Full textAbbadi, Meryem. "Synthèse et caractérisation de solutions solides ZnO/CeO2 et CeO2/La2O3/ZnO pour la minéralisation photocatalytique du diclofénac de sodium en solution aqueuse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF019.
Full textThe presence of pharmaceutical residues in aquatic environments is a major concern. Among these, diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug detected in wastewater. Among the methods of water treatment, heterogeneous photo catalysis constitutes an effective and promising method. Compared to TiO2, widely used in photo catalysis, ZnO is an alternative, which presents an interesting photocatalytic activity under UV irradiation. However, its photocatalytic activity is attenuated by faster charge recombination and poor separation of electron-hole pairs under visible irradiation, and its sensitivity to photo-corrosion limits its ability to mineralize recalcitrant pollutants under UV-visible radiation. In order to improve the photocatalytic activity of ZnO in the visible region, its association with metallic species is very attractive. For this, we opted for cerium oxide CeO 2 considered a good electron acceptor and an excellent oxygen storage medium apart from its great thermal stability and non-toxicity. Ce1-xZnxO2-x materials were prepared by soft-chemistry in the presence of citric acid, and characterized by various techniques. The insertion of cerium generates oxygen vacancies and active sites responsible for better photocatalytic mineralization of diclofenac under visible light. Then, we synthesized CeO2/La2O3/ZnO ternary compounds and their photocatalytic activity was tested under solar irradiation for the degradation of diclofenac. The results showed that the addition of lanthanum to the Ce1-xZnxO2-x solid solution further improves the photocatalytic mineralization of diclofenac in water
Noamane, Mohamed Habib. "Synthèse et coordination de dérivés calixarène et de thiacalixarène en conformation 1,3-alternée." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAF033/document.
Full textMolecular receptors are preorganised architectures held by covalent bonds and capable of binding selectively ionic and / or molecular substrates via various intermolecular interactions, leading to the formation of molecular complexes composed of at least two species.In this work, the synthesis of a library of calix[4]arene and its analogue thiacalix[4]arene in 1,3-alternate conformation based ligands and tectons has been investigated. These two types of platforms have been equipped with pyridine, catechol, imidazole, pyrazole and, for the first time, oxamate units as coordinating sites. All compounds prepared were characterized in solution and in some cases in the crystalline state. Their binding propensity in solution towards transition metals has been determined and discussed. For some derivatives, their metal extracting properties have been investigated and presented. Finally, the formation of extended periodic architectures of the coordination network type in the crystalline state by self-assembly of calixarene based tectons and silver cation was achieved and presented
Neveux, Schmitt Nathalie. "Voie de synthèse originale de ferrates (VI) alcalins stabilisés et leurs applications potentielles dans le traitement des eaux." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10243.
Full textHamann, Christine. "Mouvements moléculaires dans des caténanes et rotaxanes : Composés en solution et systèmes immobilisés." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13166.
Full textTo develop organised systems at the molecular level which are able to stock and code information, as in the sophisticated molecular machines in the natural systems, is an attractive challenge for chemists. Molecular architectures containing interlocking rings (catenanes) or rings threaded on a acyclic fragments (rotaxanes) are the ideal precursors for molecular machines because mechanical links guarantee the cohesion of their constitutive elements. The three-dimensional matrix effect of CuI was used to synthesise two [3]-rotaxanes containing a disulfide bridge in order to deposit them on a gold surface. The [3]-rotaxanes were studied in solution and adsorbed on a gold electrode by cyclic voltametry. These studies have shown the stability of the adsorbed monolayers and the gliding motion of the wheels around the axle was observed, in solution. In a second part, we studied the constitutive elements of a molecular assembly, which are able to be triggered by a pH variation. We were interested in the use of square planar complexes of PdII (associated with a terpyridine). The coordination behaviour of some monodentate ligands (amines and aromatic imines) has been investigated. Two monodentate-containing threads were synthesised and their coordination behaviour was studied on a terpyridine-incorporating macrocyclic PdII complex. A pseudo-rotaxane has been prepared. In a third part, a disymetrical [2]-catenane has been synthesised using a 5-coordinated metal centre (ZnII) as template. One of the two rings contains a terdentate ligand (terpyridine) and the other one incorporates a bidentate chelate (phenanthroline). Complexation studies using this new pentacoordinating catenane were carried out with FeII and CuII. Finally, a disymetrical [2]-catenane in which the coordination geometry is octahedral was constructed around a FeII-bisterpyridine fragment and the free hexacoordinating ligand was achieved
Chapellet, Laure. "Conception et synthèse de nouvelles plateformes moléculaires de type cryptophane. Application à l’encapsulation du xénon et de cations métalliques en solution aqueuse." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1050/document.
Full textCryptophanes are molecular receptors known for their complexation properties of various substrates. Over the last fifteen years, cryptophanes were the subject of numerous studies for they can be used to obtain biosensors for xenon MRI. This field has experienced significant growth and advances to the point were in vivo applications are now envisioned, provided that large amounts of biosensors can be synthesized. More recently, polyphenolic cryptophanes have been studied for their ability to encapsulate monovalent metallic cations like Cs+ and Tl+ in aqueous solution. This could lead to applications for depollution of contaminated water sources but would require, once again, the synthesis of large amounts of cryptophanes.The work carried out during this thesis focus on the conception and the synthesis of new molecular platforms that could either be used to obtain new hyperpolarized xenon biosensors or to encapsulate monovalent metallic cations as Cs+ and Tl+. Synthetic routes have been developed to produce good amounts of a variety of new hydrosoluble molecular platforms designed for each application. The encapsulation properties of these new host molecules were studied through NMR of the encapsulated nucleus, circular dichroism or isothermal calorimetry. In each case, the new platforms meet the expected requirements thus opening the door for the envisioned applications
Overton, Philip. "Electrolytes polymères monofonctionnels à conduction monocationique : synthèse et propriétés de transport d'ions lithium." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV010/document.
Full textThis thesis presents "End-Capped Single-Ion Polymer Electrolytes" (EC-SIPEs) that are ionically conductive polymers having n repeating ethylene oxide (EO) units and an ionic functional group at one chain terminal. The library of EC-SIPEs presented are based on poly(ethylene oxide) mono methyl ether (mPEOn-OH) having EOn = 8, 10, 20 and 55. The anions of the electrolyte salt pair are covalently bound to the polymer as part of the end-group design. The mobility of the anion is thus limited by the low mobility of the polymer, relative to Li+. These are "Single-Ion" conductors because the majority of ionic charge transferred by Li+ cations, as demonstrated by chronoamperometry.The end-group designs target not only ionic interactions that facilitate "single-ion" conduction of Li+, but also other specific non-covalent interactions such as dipole-dipole, Van der Waals, and π-π stacking. End-groups having naphthalene (naph) and pyrene (pyr) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) moieties are investigated. The functional end-groups are lithiated sulfonates (-SO3Li, -PhSO3Li), a N-naphyl sulfonamide (-SO2N(Li)Naph), and secondary N-aryl amines (-N(Li)Naph, -N(Li)Pyr). Two end-groups target specific properties: i) a "double salt" end-group has two ionic functions at one chain end, and ii) a zwitterionic EC-SIPE that conducts Li+ cations and TFSI- anions. The doubling of the number of Li+ per end-group does not correlate to an expected improvement in ionic conductivity (σ). This implies that σ is limited by the physicochemical properties of the EC-SIPE and not the Li+ concentration. The zwitterionic EC-SIPE has a high lithium transference number (t+Li= 0.8) that implies decreased mobility of the TFIS- counter-anion relative to Li+. The best overall performance is achieved by mPEOn-N(Li)Pyr (EOn= 10, 20, 55), that has σ > 1.0*10-4 S/cm at T > 40 °C, and reaches 1*10-3 S/cm at 100 °C. It exhibits constant resistivity under galvanostatic cycling (j= 10 μA.cm-2, 10*4h periods, Li|Li cell, 40 °C) and is electrochemically stable in the 0 V-3.7 V vs. Li/Li+ potential range (Li|stainless steel cell, 1.0 mV/s sweep rate, 40 °C).In Chapter I the context of the thesis is discussed through review of state-of-the-art polymer electrolytes for Li-ion batteries. These are divided into two sub-classes: i) Salt-in-Polymer (SiP) and ii) "Single-Ion" polymer electrolytes. The design of polymer electrolytes towards efficient and effective ionic conductivity is emphasized. Special attention is given to concepts for the organisation of bulk morphology for the creation of ion transport pathways that efficiently percolate through the micron length scale separating electrodes of a battery. Finally, the synthetic strategy implemented in this thesis is described.The principle results of the thesis are presented and discussed in Chapter II. A library of EC-SIPEs are characterised in terms of their electrochemical, thermal and specific ion-transport performances. Resistive features appear at high temperature and are expected to result from the aggregation of ionic end-groups. Surprisingly, the σ of EC-SIPEs having EOn= 55 improves by as much as half an order of magnitude with repeated cycling of temperature to above Tm of crystalline PEO (in the +40 °C to +100 °C range). The analysis of EC-SIPEs having different end-groups and PEO chains having EOn= 8, 10, 20, and 55 lead to the proposition of a tentative model for the percolation of ionic pathways through the EC-SIPE bulk. It is hypothesized that the ionic end-groups are localised at the grain boundaries of PEO domains. Percolation of these boundaries are proposed to be improved under appropriate, mild conditions of temperature and electromagnetic force. Finally, the synthesis methods implemented in this thesis and characterizations of EC-SIPEs are described in Chapter III
Berlot, Isabelle. "Synthèse, caractérisation et étude électrochimique de tensioactifs dérivés du pyrrole." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10087.
Full textMenezes, de Oliveira André Luiz. "Synthèse et Caractérisation de poudres et couches minces de SrSn₁₋ₓ Ti ₓ O₃." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955334.
Full textGauche, Cony. "Synthèse et études de l'auto-assemblage en solution de diblocs amphiphiles à base de xyloglucanes et application pour la stabilisation de protéines." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949397.
Full textFernández, Gutiérrez Zil. "Dépôt et caractérisation de solutions solides R’1-xRxNiO₃ comme couches sélectives thermorégulées pour le solaire thermique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0211.
Full textRare-earth nickelates (RNiO₃) are an intriguing system to study the structural changes correlated to the physical properties. They belong to the perovskite family and exhibit a fascinating and unusual property: the metal-insulator transition (MIT). It allows a change in the material behavior by varying the size of the rare-earth (R) or the temperature. Therefore, they are a promising candidate for solar thermal applications, where a thermochromic absorber layer is crucial for passive thermal regulation. However, nickelates are complex to synthesize, and a simple way to elaborate them would make possible their use on an industrial scale. In this work, we provided for the first time a soft-synthesis route to obtain thermochromic samarium nickelate (SmNiO₃) thin films. The optimization of a two-step procedure based on reactive magnetron sputtering and air-annealing achieve the elaboration of such challenging material in a soft-synthesis way. The detailed structural, electrical, optical, and electronic characterization are presented, showing a reversible behavior with a transition temperature (TMI) between 128 and 138 °C and a transmittance change at 8 µm of up to 32%. Furthermore, the understanding of the mechanisms involved in our synthesis process is also investigated. Mainly, a thermo-kinetic approach to the crystallization progression was developed, as well as the analysis of the Ni³⁺ stabilization with the annealing time. Besides that, the thickness impact on the internal stress state before and after annealing was evidenced. Finally, the MIT control was corroborated through Nd1-xSmxNiO₃ solid solutions, lowering the TMI from 138 to 60 °C for various chemical compositions. The combination of 20 at.% Nd and 80 at.% Sm was characterized in depth, and its crystallization on aluminum substrates was also evaluated
Chanéac, Corinne. "Chimie a l'interface oxyde-solution. Application a la synthese de materiaux magnetiques nanostructures." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066513.
Full textBaguenard, Céline. "Synthèse et caractérisation d’architectures macromoléculaires complexes à base d’un bloc « stimuli-responsive »." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0009.
Full textPH- or temperature-responsive polymers become hydrophobic from a critical pH or temperature. When they are associated to a hydrophilic block, they may respond to a stimulus by forming reversible micelles in aqueous solution. This thesis mainly deals with the synthesis by controlled radical polymerization of ABC- or ACB-type triple hydrophilic block copolymers, based on a highly hydrophilic block (PEO, A-block), a pH- and temperature-responsive moiety (PDMAEMA, B-block) and a cationic sequence (PDMAEMAquat, C-block). As their characterization by SEC in aqueous phase was not conclusive, they were therefore analyzed by diffusional NMR. In addition, their self-assembly in aqueous solution depending on pH or temperature was studied by 1H NMR and DLS. Furthermore, the cationic C-block form a so-called polyelectrolyte complex with a negatively charged polymer (PSS). Objects resulting from the complexation between the last block of ABC-triblock and PSS were characterized by 1H NMR, DLS, diffusional NMR and TEM. Their behavior in aqueous solution was also investigated depending on pH and temperature
Flahaut, Emmanuel. "SYNTHESE PAR VOIE CATALYTIQUE ET CARACTERISATION DE COMPOSITES NANOTUBES DE CARBONE - METAL - OXYDE. POUDRES ET MATERIAUX DENSES." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674170.
Full textAndré, Rémi F. "Tailored routes to metal-containing nanoparticles for hydrogenation reactions in solution : surface design for H2 activation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS190.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis work, the use of metal-containing nanoparticles such as carbides, oxides and phosphides is explored for colloidal catalysis. In an attempt to build a Frustrated Lewis Pair (FLP)-like catalytic system for H2 activation, the synergy with a molecular Lewis base is assessed. In the bibliographic introduction, the stakes and the challenges of H2 activation in solvent are presented, with an emphasis on the use of non-purely metallic catalysts for the hydrogenation of model compounds. In the first part, early transition metal carbides and hydrides are synthesized via solid-state metathesis. The influence of process parameters is explored to tune the phase speciation in the products. The most promising carbon-supported catalysts, Mo2C/C and W2C/C, are studied for gas phase and liquid phase hydrogenations of olefins. In the second part, cerium and indium oxides are obtained via hydrothermal pathways. The relevance of oxygen defects in CeO2-x is established for H2 gas phase activation and semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene in solvent. The last part is dedicated to the non-aqueous syntheses of molybdenum and tungsten oxides, and nickel carbide and phosphides. The syntheses mechanisms are studied by means of NMR for the organic species and XAS and XRD for the nature of the inorganic species. The catalytic activity of the unsupported nanoparticles is finally evaluated for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and phenylacetylene in various solvents
El, Rhess Es-Saïd. "Synthèse, mode de croissance et caractérisations physico-chimiques de microparticules monodispersés de silice dans le système SI(OC : :(2)h::(5))::(4)-nh::(3)-h::(2)o-roh." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2023.
Full textDittoo, Aurélia. "Synthèse de composés hétérocycliques oxygénés et aminés." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066747.
Full textChèze, Catherine. "Synthèse et réactivité d'azépino et azocino-indoles : une synthèse totale trés courte de la tubotai͏̈wine." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2E001.
Full textNuhant, Philippe. "Synthèse d'acylphloroglucinols polyisoprénylésSynthèse totale de la (+-) clusianoneUtilisation des aminopentadiènals et des sels de glutaconaldéhyde pour la synthèse d'alcaloïdes." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112267.
Full textThe topic of the first part of this work is the synthesis of polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs). The building of the bicyclo [3. 3. 1] noname 2,4,9- trione system belonging to the compounds was envisaged according to two different strategies. The first one corresponds to an α,α’-annelation reaction of a silylated enol ether derived from a cyclohexanone by malonyl dichloride. This allowed us to achieve the total synthesis of the clusianone. Moreover, the side products of this reaction would arise from structural rearrangements involving intermediates close to those imagined in the biogenetic scenario of the PPAPs’ formation. The second strategy is inspired by the biogenetic hypothesis. An original method for alkylation of phloroglucinol in aqueous medium led to trialky compounds having a gem-disubstitution which, by a reaction of c-benzolylation, led the synthesis of benzoylphloroglucinols, biogenetic precursors of bicyclononanetriones. However, cyclisation tries turned out to be problematic. In spite of our efforts, only a very simplified could be obtained. The second part of this manuscript concerns the electrophilic activation of aminopentadienals involving diacylated species of N-acyliminium type. This reactivity was highlighted in a Pictet-Spengler reaction, leading to dopamine and indole alkaloids. An original method of cyclization using a Michel addition of an aliphatic aminonitrile to a α,β-unsaturated aldehyde led to the formal synthesis of emetine, as well that of structural counterparts. The last part in an exploratory work concerning the synthesis of the pentacyclic core of manadomanzamines according to two strategies. The first one corresponds to a formal cycloaddition between two units coming from aminopentadienals, whereas the second corresponds to a rearrangement following a reaction between a dihydropyridinium salt and a glutaconaldehyde salt
Massard, Alexandre. "Ligands hybrides : synthèse et chimie de coordination." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00704510.
Full textGardinier, Isabelle. "Synthèse de bistétraazamacrocycles." Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2007.
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