Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solution-types'

Wind farm construction is increasing progressively, to cope-up with the current global energy scenario. The advantage of clean energy and sustainability helps wind turbine construction to flourish rapidly. Location of wind turbines is independent of foundation soil condition but depends on the wind speeds and socio-environment issues. Hence, a construction sites may not be favorable in terms of geotechnical demands. The taller wind towers facilitate the generation of high energy production, which will increase loads on the foundation, and eventually increase the dimension of the foundation. Hence, the choice of a suitable foundation system is necessary for geotechnical engineer to design tall wind towers. This study aims to analyze different foundation types e.g., raft/mat foundation, pile group foundation, and piled raft/mat foundation using analytical calculation verified with numerical models using PLAXIS 3D software. The foundation for steel wind turbine towers 100 m high was designed for different types of soils e.g., soft clayey soil, medium-stiff clayey soil, stiff clayey soil, and sandy soil. The design wind speed was taken from the ASCE 7-10 (2010) standard for Occupancy Category III and IV Buildings and Other Structures, as the Illinois region falls in that category. The parametric study was performed by varying the diameter of raft/mat, wind speed, number of piles, and soil types to evaluate the settlement in any type of foundation with load sharing proportion in piled raft/mat foundation. First, the raft/mat foundation design was carried out manually by changing the diameter of 15 m, 20 m, 25 m, 30 m, and 35 m, and changing load by considering different wind speed. Then the foundation was modeled using PLAXIS 3D software with a raft/mat diameter of 25 m, 30 m, and 35 m only, by considering the eccentricity and factor of safety criteria. With the increase in wind speed, the differential settlement on the raft/mat foundation was found to be increased. However, the increase in diameter of raft/mat caused the reduction in differential settlement. Soft clayey soil was found to be more sensitive than other soils used in the present study. For the same diameter of raft/mat, applied the same wind load, the differential settlement of foundation in soft clayey soil was found to be 6-10 times higher than the sandy soil.The position of piles was fixed based on the spacing criteria in the pile group foundation. The number of piles used in this study were 23, 32, and 46. Settlement was found to be varied with the number of piles in all soils used in this study. The lateral deflection for soft clayey soil decreased to half, when number of piles increased from 23 to 46. The differential settlement was found to be increased with the increase in wind speed in pile group foundation. Raft/mat foundation settlement was found to be 4 to 6 times higher than the settlement in pile group foundation in any soils, used in this study, for a given wind speed.The result of piled raft/mat foundation showed that the majority of the total load is shared by the piles (i.e., 60% to 94%) and remaining load is shared by the raft/mat (i.e., 6% to 40%), based on the stiffness of raft/mat and piles as well as pile-soil-pile interaction. The increase in wind speed in the wind turbines increased the differential settlement of piled raft/mat foundation in all soils. Similarly, the lateral deflection also increased with the increase in wind speed in pile raft/mat foundation in all soils. The PLAXIS 3D analysis revealed that the differential settlement in soft clayey soil was 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than the settlement in sandy soil.The validation of numerical modeling was carried out by the raft/mat foundation using Boussinesq’s theory and calculating settlement for single pile and group pile foundation. The current study showed that the soft clayey soil and medium-stiff clayey soil favor deep foundation, like pile group and piled raft/mat rather than shallow foundation, like raft/mat foundation. The results obtained from both analytical calculation and numerical modeling was found to be approximately matching. This study will help local construction company and geotechnical engineer to guide a proper foundation design of tall onshore wind turbine.

This diploma thesis deals with hip endoprothesis, primarily with endoprothesis conservative Mayo. A part of this paper considers a study aimed at an anatomy, types and modern trends in endoprothetic. On the basis of this study, gained CT data and the help of systems Ansys Workbench, Rhino Ceros and Catia there was made a model of proximal part of femur and TEP Conservative Mayo. A computational model was build up afterwards, which was used for a stress-train analysis.

Cette thèse porte sur la construction de solutions particulières de type ondes progressives ou ondes planes pour différentes équations aux dérivées partielles (EDP) et en particulier le modèle de Frenkel-Kontorova et une équation des ondes régularisée. Ce mémoire s’articule comme suit. Le chapitre 1 est destiné à une introduction générale dans laquelle je présente une motivation physique et un résumé de mon travail. Le chapitre 2 est destiné à l’étude d’existence et d’unicité des ondes progressives avec le terme d’accélération. Ce modèle consiste d’un système d’ODE qui décrit le mouvement de particules en interaction. Les applications les plus importantes que nous avons à l’esprit est le mouvement des défauts cristallins appelés dislocations. Pour ce modèle, nous montrons l’existence des ondes progressives sous des hypothèses très faibles. L’unicité de la vitesse a été étudiée ainsi que l’unicité du profil en utilisant les différents types du principe de maximum fort. Comme ce que nous savons, c’est le premier résultat concernant les ondes progressives pour un système accéléré, spatialement discret. Ce chapitre est un article publié à la revue Journal of Dynamic and Differential Equation : Existence and uniqueness of traveling wave for accelerated Frenkel-Kontorova model, Journal of Dynamic and Differential Equation : Volume 26, Issue 24 (2014), page 1133-1169. Le chapitre 3 est réservé à l’homogénéisation numérique du modèle Frenkel-Kontrova dans le cas amortie. Je présente deux méthodes pour calculer l’hamiltonien effectif: la méthode grand temps et la méthode de Newton. Quelques simulations de l’hamiltonien effectif sont fournies. Le chapitre 4 est destiné à l’étude d’équation d’onde dans un domaine périodique. Selon certaines hypothèses, je construis une solution d’onde plane pour le problème approché et je montre que cette solution satisfait certaines propriétés. Je définis un opérateur non local et un terme correcteur afin de contrôler les oscillations de la solution dans l’espace et dans le temps. Je prouve la construction d’une solution d’onde plane pour un problème approché en utilisant la notion de solution de viscosité
This thesis deals with the construction of particular solutions of traveling wave or plane wave for different equations partial derivative (EDP) and in particular the Frenkel-Kontorova model and a regularized wave equation. This memory is structured as follows. The chapter 1 is preserved for a general introduction in which i present a physical motivation and a abstract of my work. In chapter 2, I interested to the study the existence and uniqueness of traveling wave solution for the accelerated Frenkel-Kontorova model. This model consist in a system of ODE that describe the motion particles in interaction. The most important applications ihave inmind in the motion of cristal defects called dislocations. For this model, i prove the exxistence of traveling wave solutions under very weak assumptions. The uniqueness of the velocity is also studied as well the uniqueness of the profile which used ddifferent types of strpng maximum principle. As far as we know, this is the first result concerning traveling waves for accelerated, spatially discrete system. This chapter is an article published in the Journal Dynamic and Differential Equation:Existence and uniqueness of traveling wave for accelerated Frenkel-Kontorova model, Journal of dynamic and Differential Equation : Volume 26, Issue 24 (2014), page 1133-1169. In chapter 3, i interested in the numerical homogenization of fully overdomped frenkel-Kontorova model. I present two methods for computing the effective hamiltonian : large time method and Newton-like method. Some simulations of the effective hamiltonian are provided. Le chapter 4 is preserved to the study a wave equation in a periodic medium. Under certain assumption, i construct a plane wave like solution, and show that this solution satisfy some properties. I define a non- local operator and a term corrector in order to control the oscillations of the solution in space and in time. We prove the construction of a plane wave like solution for the approched problem using the notion of viscosity solution

Telemetry system, Optimisation, Sensoric networks, Smart Grid, Internet of Things, Sensors, Information security, Cryptography, Cryptography algorithms, Cryptosystem, Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication, Data freshness, Non-Repudiation.

Subtitling differs from the traditional idea of translation – from a written source text to a written target text. The transference is from a source text which consists of verbal information and non-verbal information from audio and visual channels, to a written target text which is constrained by the limited time and space on the screen. Subtitling involves not only transfer across languages but also a change of mode, from the spoken mode to the written mode and sometimes from the mode of moving images or sound effect to the written mode. Given the multimodal nature of film text, subtitling are expected to utilise different filmic signs and produce subtitles that fit into the montage of the film, taking into consideration the technical constraints and target viewers‟ processing effort. With the prevalence of translated audiovisual products, subtitling has drawn a considerable amount of scholarly attention. However, most of the research in this field focuses on the European scene and the language pairs studied are closely related. Given the lack of research into Chinese subtitles and the fact that the Chinese language and culture are very different from the English language and culture, the present study has aimed to investigate the way verbal elements in English-language feature films are translated into Mandarin subtitles in Taiwan. It looks at subtitling in general, subtitling extralinguistic cultural references and subtitling humour. Being descriptive in nature, it describes current translation practice by comparing the source text segment with its corresponding target text one and explores different types of solutions applied. By quantifying the frequency of each solution-type, some trends of subtitling are also generalised. The results show that subtitles of English-language feature films in Taiwan are source- text-oriented, as most of the source-text segments are closely rendered to the target text by source-language-oriented solutions, in which the source-text item undergoes minimum changes. Target-language-oriented solutions are seldom applied and extreme target-language-oriented ones are rarely found. The high percentage of source-language-oriented solutions indicates that Taiwanese subtitlers are reluctant to alter the source text; subtitling, as the preferred method of film translation in Taiwan, is seen as a means to bring the exotic experience to target viewers. It also suggests that most of the source-text elements can be transferred directly as the need to employ content-changing solutions is low. This study also compares its findings with those of other studies which are based on similar methods but focus on Scandinavian subtitling. Contrary to what might be expected, since the linguistic and cultural relatedness and the target audience‟s proficiency in the source language are different in these studies, the results are very similar. The trend towards source orientation in subtitling is observed in recent years across different languages, and it is largely due to globalisation, the influence of US popular culture and information boom that break cultural and linguistic boundaries. It appears that cultural influence is a more important factor than cultural affinity in determining a subtitles choice of solutions.

碩士
臺北市立師範學院
科學教育研究所
92
This study aimed to investigate the types and sources of misconceptions about aqueous solution held by pupils at an elementary school. The purposes were: 1) To develop a suitable instrument related to misconceptions on aqueous solution among the 4th and 6th-graders. 2) To investigate the differences of the misconceptions on aqueous solution held by 4th and 6th-graders. 3) To investigate the differences of the misconceptions on aqueous solution held by different genders. 4) To investigate the types and sources of the misconceptions on aqueous solution held by elementary pupils. 5) To investigate the influences of the content of the textbooks and teaching materials used in the science subject on the misconceptions on aqueous solution held by elementary pupils. The goal of the initial stage of the study was to develop a three-tier diagnostic instrument (TTDI) of computerized aqueous solution concepts. A total of 341 fourth and sixth grade pupils who were selected randomly from six classes at an elementary school in Taipei were tested. The purpose of TTDI was to examine the misconceptions about aqueous solution held by the elementary school pupils. Phase II: Based on the data collected in phase I, there were two sets of pupils selected from each class with a total number of 160. By analyzing the textbooks and group interviews, researchers further investigated the types, modes, and causes of the misconceptions about aqueous solution held by elementary school pupils. The result were: 1) The method of the TTDI with the application of computers was developed in this study. The TTDI has been reviewed and suggested by two experienced science education experts and four senior teachers, has been proven to be scientifically logical and effective. The test of TTDI also ensured the benefits of minimizing the interferences among the questions, enhancing participation, reducing costs, and saving valuable resources. 2) Based on the data analysis using T-test, there were significant differences between the 4th grade and the 6th grade pupils on the correct percentage of the questionnaire toward the aqueous solution concepts. 3) Gender played an important role in these tests. Female pupils scored significantly higher than their male peers. Judging by the average score, the effect of gender was not only found in the 6th grades, but is also is true with the 4th grades. 4) Through tests and interviews, the researcher categorized the misconceptions of aqueous solution into eight types and attributed its causes to the following. a. Reliance on the direct and subjective observation. b. Lack of scientific knowledge. c. Confusion caused by similar terminologies or concepts. d. Experiences derived from daily life. e. Language barrier. f. Influence of the multimedia. g. Misleading by the instructors. h. Influence of the textbooks. 5) From the extensive interviews with the pupils, we found that the misconceptions of the pupils may be also derived from the obscure contents and pictures in the textbooks. From the findings of this study, the researcher recommended textbook authors and elementary science teachers to have an extensive understanding of the misconceptions about aqueous solution among the elementary school pupils before preparing the teaching materials or giving out instructions. Then they can better help the elementary school pupils learn the concepts and gain knowledge of aqueous solution.

碩士
國立屏東師範學院
國民教育研究所
88
ABSTRACT The main purpose of this study was to explore the process of types of solution activities of multiplication word problems in the second grades. A sample of 185 subjects was asked to write down their solution activities in written tests before instruction and after instruction. Six students that were selected because of their learning ability were interviewed individually to probe their process in six different stages. And then, document analysis was used for these collected documents. The result of written tests indicated that there were five correct types of solution activities and the process of second graders'' types of solution activities was from additive calculation before instruction to multiplication calculation after instruction. The result of interviews indicated that the five correct types of solution activities could be divided into 13 subcategories. Moreover, the change pace and the process of types of solution activities were different from student to student, even the pace and the process of the two students in the same group in the same stage were different. The incorrect types of solution activities were more units, fewer units, additive, subtractive, transpose, blank and others. The possible reasons of incorrect types of solution activities were thoughtlessness, the effect of old experiences, misunderstanding of problems and misunderstanding of multiplication. In addition, analysis of types of problems and the effect of numbers'' sizes revealed the types of solution activities were different in three different types of problems and three different sizes of numbers.

博士
國立臺灣大學
化學工程學研究所
101
Discharges in solution provide the possibility to generate reactive species in liquid phase in demand. The discharge behavior has been proved highly relevant with the behavior of bubble where the plasma is ignited, however the methods to actively manipulate the bubble dynamics and composition are still limited. In this study, strategies to tailor the plasma behavior via different power types are proposed. Unlike previous study in which plasma was driven by a direct-current power, a time-varying voltage was used to ignite the plasma. Two distinct bubble modes can be observed by adjusting the applied voltage and frequency: at 150 V, when a relatively low frequency (e.g. 50 Hz ) is used, the plasma is sustained inside a gas bubble with diameter of few mm; when a relatively high frequency (e.g. 500 Hz) is used, a jetting flow is observed. Depending on the bubble dynamics, we therefore called them as bubble and jetting mode, respectively. According to our study, it is known that frequency serves as an effective factor to control the heating in the vicinity of electrode surface, thus influencing the bubble and plasma behavior. The current and electron density in plasma are changed in response to the frequency. However, when plasmas are driven by an AC power source, plasmas are ignited by positive and negative polarity alternatively, and thus three issues are raised, namely damage of electrode, plasma instability, and poor power efficiency. A rectified AC power source was used in order to further improve the system. For both bubble mode and jetting mode, the discharge current for positively rectified AC- (PRA) driven plasma is only one tenth of that for negatively rectified AC- (NRA) driven plasma. The power consumption for PRA-driven plasmas is at least one order lower than that for NRA-driven plasmas. The result shows PRA-power is ideal to sustain the plasma. Finally, in order to control the gas composition, a bipolar pulse power source with adjustable positive and negative pulse width and amplitude was used to independently control the gas bubble formation and plasma ignition. Negative pulse with voltage from 0 to–80 V is used to generate the electrolytic gas bubble where plasma is formed and 600 V positive pulse is used to ignite the plasma. By this approach, the extension of plasma occurrence time in the positive pulse duration, the drop of peak electrolytic current, and the increase in relative H emission intensity are observed. These results suggest that by manipulating the driven power types, the gas composition and the discharge behavior can be effectively tailored.

碩士
東海大學
工業工程與經營資訊學系
106
Taiwan's foundry industry has been developing for nearly 50 years. It has always been to provide solutions based on the foundry model, so that the pricing basis for the products has always been based on the basis of the cost and the basic price of the competitors. The profit margin is very limited. Taiwan's foundry industry has also faced many problems in recent years, including work environment, talents and technological problems. In addition to changes in the demographic structure of Taiwan, a part of the reason is that the current state of the industry didn’t attract young people to work. Only by upgrading and transforming the industry can improve technical capability, profit, and change the current state of the industry. The government encourages the development of high-value casting products. The development of more stringent industrial conditions such as machine tools, automobiles, aerospace, and agricultural machinery are one of the ways that products can be value-added. Products can have high added value that the key lies in the connotation of the solution provided by the foundry. This study attempts to sum up four matrixes of solution types from the two dimensions of proposal capabilities and delivery capabilities from the perspective of literature, and to define pricing principles for solution types according to customer value connotations. At the same time, the foundries of different industries are the empirical objects. The selected companies are representative and influential in this industry to verify and complement theoretical deficiencies. Finally, the verification results show that the different types of solutions have different customer values, so the pricing basis for the products varies will affect pricing principle of the products. Finally, it will provide the forward practical suggestions to allow companies to face transformation or future development. Only by changing the solution delivery model can the price of products to increase profitability. The direction must strive for is to improve our proposal capabilities and delivery capabilities.

碩士
東海大學
工業工程與經營資訊學系
104
Early Taiwan machine tool industry make a figure in the international market with outstanding cost-effective advantage. But in recent years, faced dramatic changes in the environment, the economic downturn and competitors oppression, so that the living space were crushed. Taiwan's machine tool industry should rethink its position. In addition to focus on manufacturing and pursuit of lower costs previously, it should be converted through provide customers with a comprehensive range of solutions to meet customer needs and increase their value added. Simultaneously, thinking about how to earn more profits with pricing. Through literary review and the value of the enterprise provide customer with solution as well as customer obtain from the solution, this study proposes three pricing models of solution type: ” labour service- entrust “,” labour service-value ”,” proposal-value ”. In order to verify and complement our theory of pricing models, we choose three machine tool enterprises to understand the process they provide customers with complete solutions. Finally with KEYENCE case study as an extension of the discussion. The empirical results show that providing a complete solution can indeed create more value for customers, but pricing in the machine tool industry mainly consider the value based of the function on the machine itself. But in the solutions business field, is still recognized that the key of value creation. Therefore, it has a theoretical and substantive meaning, also expected to find a way out for Taiwan's machine tool industry to overcome the difficulties encountered currently.

碩士
國立臺南大學
資訊教育研究所教學碩士班
91
Taking an overview of history, we can find that technology and media always influence education deeply. Computers integrate media, which changes unilateral media into multi media. And digitized multi media transforming into super media by the help of internet stores in the world wide webs. World wide webs make learning jump out of the limitation of time and space, the chance of learning become easier, and also change the mutual role of teachers and students. Teachers will not be the only source of knowledge. Teachers have become pilots leading students constructing their own knowledge efficiently without being overloaded and missing in the vast world wide webs. The current internet material are almost browsed by letters and pictures with background music. We wonder if the outcome will be the same when students learn through their own perception? The study takes the approach of semi- experiment and get samples from 211 4th grade primary school students to explore the influence of perceptional learning style and different material demonstration for students to learn " Solution of Acid/Alkaline Base" We get the points as follows: 1. There is no apparent difference between different material demonstration and learning outcomes. The factor influences learning outcomes is related teaching design, having nothing to do with the media being used. 2. There is apparent influence for different learning style on learning outcomes. The learning outcomes of audio/video centered or video centered students are better than audio centered students. The Video centered is better than not video centered.

The main objectives of the thesis Correctif processies of structured wholes are to find out whether and under what conditions is the child able to identify an error in a structured whole in the last year of pre-school education and whether her is able to correct the identified errors. To meet the objectives, there was used the qualitative research to select 30 children from two pre-school classes. The research included five activities focused on different types of structured wholes, but also on different correction processes. The observed phenomenas were recorded in tables and graphs that are part of the work or listed in the appendix. From the series of created tasks, observation of children and subsequent data recording and analysis, the child in the last year of pre-school education does not have the experience of identifying and correcting errors and the approaches of childer to solve the tasks are in different ways.

The main goal of this diploma thesis Solution Designs for Each Type of Prostitution is to design particular public policy solution which would be able to regulate prostitution in the area of the Czech Republic, considering different types of prostitution. At first each type of prostitution is described together with typical problems and risks attached to it. Accordingly three approaches to prostitution from legal point of view are compared, including their advantages and disadvantages. Consequently three countries - Germany, Netherlands and Sweden - are described and mutually compared in detail from a perspective of their attitude towards commercial sexual services. Later on, the most important international treaties, current progress of prostitution legal framework and the most relevant actors with their attitudes are introduced. In the main part of this thesis particular solution for each type of prostitution is designed, based on previous findings and knowledge. Purpose of this solution design is to reflect needs of both society and sex workers in such a way that is able to improve the current unsatisfactory situation and maybe to even become a springboard for further regulative measures.