Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solution SCO

Academic literature on the topic 'Solution SCO'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023
Last updated: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Solution SCO"

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Guguschev, C., J. Hidde, T. M. Gesing, M. Gogolin, and D. Klimm. "Czochralski growth and characterization of TbxGd1−xScO3 and TbxDy1−xScO3 solid-solution single crystals." CrystEngComm 20, no. 20 (2018): 2868–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ce00335a.

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TbxGd1−xScO3 and TbxDy1−xScO3 solid-solution single crystals were grown by the Czochralski method to validate the practicality of solid solutions between neighboring RE scandates (REScO3).
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Sun, Jia-ze, Shu-yan Wang, and Hao Chen. "A Guaranteed Global Convergence Social Cognitive Optimizer." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/534162.

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From the analysis of the traditional social cognitive optimization (SCO) in theory, we see that traditional SCO is not guaranteed to converge to the global optimization solution with probability one. So an improved social cognitive optimizer is proposed, which is guaranteed to converge to the global optimization solution. The global convergence of the improved SCO algorithm is guaranteed by the strategy of periodic restart in use under the conditions of participating in comparison, which helps to avoid the premature convergence. Then we give the convergence proof for the improved SCO based on Solis and Wets’ research results. Finally, simulation results on a set of benchmark problems show that the proposed algorithm has higher optimization efficiency, better global performance, and better stable optimization outcomes than the traditional SCO for nonlinear programming problems (NLPs).
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Nesslinger, S., H. Drechsel, R. Lorenz, P. Harmanec, P. Mayer, and M. Wolf. "Photometric Solution of the O-type Eclipsing Binary V1007 Sco." Astrophysics and Space Science 304, no. 1-4 (July 21, 2006): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10509-006-9071-6.

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LEI, MING, XIFENG PAN, XISHENG YANG, WENTAO WANG, FENG YANG, and YONG ZHAO. "PREPARATION OF Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9-X BUFFER BY REEL-TO-REEL SLOT-DIE COATING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 15 (June 4, 2013): 1362019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213620191.

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Bi-axially textured Sm 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 1.9-x (SCO) single buffer tape with the length of 110 cm and the thickness of 150 nm, has been prepared on textured NiW(200) alloy substrate by using the polymer assisted chemical solution deposition (PACSD) method combined with slot-die coating technique for REBCO coated conductors. Smooth, uniform and crack-free SCO tape with sharp (200) c-axis orientation and high texture has been obtained by controlling the viscosity of solution, the moving speed of tape and the release rate of solution, bi-lateral texture of tape has been more than 90%, the FWHM obtained from ω-scan and φ-scan on the center of the tape are 5.08° and 4.64°, respectively.
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Kamalova, Zukhra A. "VECTORS OF CULTURAL AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION WITHIN THE SCO." American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research 02, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajsshr/volume02issue12-13.

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This article describes the cultural cooperation between Uzbekistan and the SCO. The cultural and humanitarian sphere has the necessary mechanisms to resolve these problems peacefully. Modern multilateral diplomacy is expressed in the activities of the relevant international institutions - tools for the joint solution of international problems affecting the interests of several states or groups of their citizens.
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Lada, Zoi G., Amaia Soto Beobide, Georgios N. Mathioudakis, and George A. Voyiatzis. "Fe(II) Spin Crossover/Polymer Hybrid Materials: Investigation of the SCO Behavior via Temperature-Dependent Raman Spectroscopy, Physicochemical Characterization and Migration Release Study." Molecules 26, no. 1 (January 3, 2021): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010201.

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Polymeric composites constitute an appealing class of materials with applications in various fields. Spin crossover (SCO) coordination complexes are switchable materials with potential use in data storage and sensors. Their incorporation into polymers can be considered an effective method for their wider practical application. In this study, Fe(II) SCO/polylactic acid hybrid polymeric composites have been prepared by film casting. The mononuclear coordination complex [Fe{N(CN)2}2(abpt)2] was incorporated into polylactic acid. The morphological, structural and thermoanalytical characterization of the composite films were performed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflectance (ATR/FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In addition, the migration release study (MRS) of the SCO compound from the polymeric matrix into the food simulant 50% v/v water/ethanol solution was also examined via UV/Vis absorption. Of particular interest was the investigation of the SCO behavior of the coordination complex after its incorporation into the polymer matrix; it was accomplished by temperature-dependent micro-Raman spectroscopy. The described attempt could be considered a preparatory step toward the development of SCO-based temperature sensors integrated into food packaging materials.
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Chen, Yun-Ru, Nai-Wan Hsiao, Yi-Zong Lee, Shiau-Shan Huang, Chih-Chun Chang, Jyuan-Ru Tsai, Hui-Chen Lin, Jean-Yves Toullec, Chi-Ying Lee, and Ping-Chiang Lyu. "Structure-Based Functional Analysis of a Hormone Belonging to an Ecdysozoan Peptide Superfamily: Revelation of a Common Molecular Architecture and Residues Possibly for Receptor Interaction." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 11142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222011142.

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A neuropeptide (Sco-CHH-L), belonging to the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) superfamily and preferentially expressed in the pericardial organs (POs) of the mud crab Scylla olivacea, was functionally and structurally studied. Its expression levels were significantly higher than the alternative splice form (Sco-CHH) in the POs, and increased significantly after the animals were subjected to a hypo-osmotic stress. Sco-CHH-L, but not Sco-CHH, significantly stimulated in vitro the Na+, K+-ATPase activity in the posterior (6th) gills. Furthermore, the solution structure of Sco-CHH-L was resolved using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, revealing that it has an N-terminal tail, three α-helices (α2, Gly9−Asn28; α3, His34−Gly38; and α5, Glu62−Arg72), and a π-helix (π4, Cys43−Tyr54), and is structurally constrained by a pattern of disulfide bonds (Cys7–Cys43, Cys23–Cys39, and Cys26–Cys52), which is characteristic of the CHH superfamily-peptides. Sco-CHH-L is topologically most similar to the molt-inhibiting hormone from the Kuruma prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus with a backbone root-mean-square-deviation of 3.12 Å. Ten residues of Sco-CHH-L were chosen for alanine-substitution, and the resulting mutants were functionally tested using the gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity assay, showing that the functionally important residues (I2, F3, E45, D69, I71, and G73) are located at either end of the sequence, which are sterically close to each other and presumably constitute the receptor binding sites. Sco-CHH-L was compared with other members of the superfamily, revealing a folding pattern, which is suggested to be common for the crustacean members of the superfamily, with the properties of the residues constituting the presumed receptor binding sites being the major factors dictating the ligand–receptor binding specificity.
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Wang, Chensheng, Shuchun' Wang, and Gafur Gubaevich Salikhov. "Analysis of creation of the mechanism of resolution of disputes within the Shanghai Cooperation Organization." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 1 (January 2021): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2021.1.34983.

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The object of this research is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). In 2017 India and Pakistan were admitted to the SCO, which resulted in its territorial, economic, geopolitical, and legal expansion. Expansion of the SCO increased disputes between the member-states, and there is yet no well-developed mechanism for their resolution. The subject of this research is the disputes between the SCO countries. Member-states of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, considering the peculiarities of universal approaches towards dispute resolution on the international level, developed sufficient flexibility in selection of political, international arbitration approaches towards solution of the arising problems. The author explores the confrontation between the member-states in the questions related to their territorial integrity and sovereignty. Special attention is turned to the border conflicts between China, India, and Pakistan. From the theoretical perspective of further development of the mechanisms for dispute resolution within the SCO, the author reviews the “tree-pronged” mechanism for dispute resolution, which path goes through certain stages of the process. This process involves the creation of effective internal mechanisms for dispute prevention, control, and settlement. The conclusion is made that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has developed legal approaches towards resolution of internal problems. The author's special contribution consists in outlining the peculiarities of general approaches towards dispute settlement on the international level, as well as in indicating sufficient flexibility in selection of political, international approaches towards solution of the arising disputes. The novelty of this article lies in the proposal to create a “three-pronged” mechanism for dispute settlement, which path goes through all the stages of the process (beginning – middle– end).
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Qiu, Jiang-Zhen, Yong You, Ye Yu, Zhuo-Fan Chen, Cheng-Jie Guo, Yi-Ling Zhong, Wei-Quan Lin, and Xu-Gang Shu. "A Mononuclear Iron(II) Spin-Crossover Molecule Decorated by Photochromic Azobenzene Group." Molecules 27, no. 5 (February 27, 2022): 1571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051571.

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Aiming at constructing photoresponsive spin crossover (SCO) behavior, herein we designed a new ligand Abtz (Abtz = (E)-N-(4-((E)-phenyldiazenyl)phenyl)-1-(thiazol-4-yl)methanimine) which was decorated by a photochromic azobenzene group. Based on this photochromic ligand, a mononuclear Fe(II) SCO molecule [Fe(Abtz)3](BF4)2·(EAC)2 (1, EAC = ethyl acetate) was successfully synthesized and showed a complete one-step SCO behavior. Under continuous UV light and blue-light exposure, the cis–trans photoisomerization of both ligand Abtz and compound 1 in the liquid phase was confirmed through UV–Vis spectra. Moreover, the 1H-NMR spectra of Abtz reveal a trans–cis conversion ratio of 37%. Although the UV–Vis spectra reveal the photochromic behavior for 1 in the solution phase, the SCO behavior in the liquid state is absent according to the variable-temperature Evans method, suggesting the possible decomposition. Moreover, in the solid state, the cis–trans photoisomerization of both Abtz and 1 was not observed, due to the steric hindrance.
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Sayed, Farheen N., R. Shukla, and A. K. Tyagi. "A chemical method for stabilizing a new series of solid solution Pr1−xCexScO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) systems." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 38 (2015): 16929–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt01459j.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solution SCO"

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Petzold, Holm, Paul Djomgoue, Gerald Hörner, J. Matthäus Speck, Tobias Rüffer, and Dieter Schaarschmidt. "1H NMR spectroscopic elucidation in solution of the kinetics and thermodynamics of spin crossover for an exceptionally robust Fe2+ complex." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-210226.

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A series of Fe2+ spin crossover (SCO) complexes [Fe(5/6)]2+ employing hexadentate ligands (5/6) with cis/trans-1,2-diamino cyclohexanes (4) as central building blocks were synthesised. The ligands were obtained by reductive amination of 4 with 2,2′-bipyridyl-6-carbaldehyde or 1,10-phenanthroline-2-carbaldehyde 3. The chelating effect and the rigid structure of the ligands 5/6 lead to exceptionally robust Fe2+ and Zn2+ complexes conserving their structure even in coordinating solvents like dmso at high temperatures. Their solution behavior was investigated using variable temperature (VT) 1H NMR spectroscopy and VT Vis spectroscopy. SCO behavior was found for all Fe2+ complexes in this series centred around and far above room temperature. For the first time we have demonstrated that the thermodynamics as well as kinetics for SCO can be deduced by using VT 1H NMR spectroscopy. An alternative scheme using a linear correction term C1 to model chemical shifts for Fe2+ SCO complexes is presented. The rate constant for the SCO of [Fe(rac-trans-5)]2+ obtained by VT 1H NMR was validated by Laser Flash Photolysis (LFP), with excellent agreement (1/(kHL + kLH) = 33.7/35.8 ns for NMR/LFP). The solvent dependence of the transition temperature T1/2 and the solvatochromism of complex [Fe(rac-trans-5)]2+ were ascribed to hydrogen bond formation of the secondary amine to the solvent. Enantiomerically pure complexes can be prepared starting with R,R- or S,S-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (R,R-trans-4 or S,S-trans-4). The high robustness of the complexes reduces a possible ligand scrambling and allows preparation of quasiracemic crystals of [Zn(R,R-5)][Fe(S,S-5)](ClO4)4·(CH3CN) composed of a 1 : 1 mixture of the Zn and Fe complexes with inverse chirality
Dieser Beitrag ist aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Ebrahimian, Shiadeh Seyed Vahid. "Développement de modèles d'évaporation multi-composants et modélisation 3D des systèmes de réduction de NOx (SCR)." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0029/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un ensemble de modèles numériques afin de simuler les processus physico-chimiques dans la chambre de combustion ainsi que dans le système de post-traitement des gaz d'échappement des moteurs à combustion interne. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, deux nouveaux modèles d'évaporation de gouttelettes et de film liquide multi-composants sont proposés. Dans le modèle d'évaporation des gouttelettes, une nouvelle expression du débit d'évaporation a été proposée. Il a été montré que la prise en compte du flux de chaleur dû à la diffusion d'enthalpie des espèces est primordiale dans le bilan d'énergie à l'interface de la goutte. De plus, les investigations numériques ont montré l'importance de la prise en compte d'une équation d'état de gaz réel dans les conditions de hautes pressions et / ou de basses températures ambiantes. Un modèle d'évaporation multi-composant de film liquide a ensuite été développé sur la base du modèle d'évaporation de film mono-composant déjà mis en oeuvre dans le code industriel IFP-C3D. En particulier, les lois de paroi ont été généralisées pour l'évaporation du film multi-composant de manière similaire au modèle de l'évaporation des gouttelettes. Il a été montré l'importance de la température de la paroi dans le processus d'évaporation d'un film liquide. Contrairement à l'évaporation des gouttes, les investigations numériques effectuées ont montré que l'utilisation d'une équation d'état de gaz parfait conduit à des résultats proches de ceux qui sont obtenus en utilisant une équation d'état de gaz réel. Ceci se traduit par un gain en temps de calculs important. La deuxième partie de la thèse utilise les modèles d'évaporation, développés dans la première partie de la thèse, avec un nouveau modèle de thermolyse développé afin de produire de l'ammoniac nécessaire pour le système SCR. Dans la présente étude, l'ammoniac est produit à partir de la solution aqueuse d'urée injectée dans la ligne de tuyau d'échappement. L'eau s'évapore et l'urée se décompose en ammoniac nécessaire pour le système SCR. L'évaporation de l'eau est modélisée avec les modèles d'évaporation proposés dans la première partie de cette thèse, avec quelques modifications afin de prendre en compte l'influence de l'urée sur l'évaporation de l'eau. Un nouveau modèle de thermolyse multi-étape pour l'urée a été ensuite implanté dans IFP- 3D afin de simuler la distribution de l'ammoniac gazeux à l'entrée de système de dépollution SCR. Ce modèle est également capable de simuler la formation de sous- roduits (dépôt solide) de la thermolyse d'urée. Les résultats numériques des modèles développés ont permis de montrer le potentiel des développements réalisés au cours de ce travail dans le cadre d'applications industrielles
The aim of the present thesis is to develop a set of numerical models in order to simulate the physical and chemical processes in combustion chamber as well as in exhaust gas after-treatment system of internal combustion engines. In the first part of the thesis, two new multi- omponent evaporation models for droplet and liquid film are proposed. In the droplet evaporation model, a new expression of the evaporation rate has been proposed. It has been shown that taking into account the heat flux due to the enthalpy diffusion of species is of primary significance in the energy balance at the droplet surface. In addition, numerical investigations have shown the importance of considering a real gas equation of state in the high pressure and/or low temperature conditions. A multi-component liquid film evaporation model has then been developed based on the single-component film evaporation model already implemented in IFP-C3D code. Particularly, the wall laws have been generalized for the multi-component film evaporation taking into account the mentioned features applied to the droplet evaporation model. The importance of surface temperature in the evaporation of liquid film has also been shown. Contrary to the droplet evaporation, the numerical investigations on film evaporation have shown that using an ideal mixture equation of state leads to results similar to those obtained using a real gas equation of state. The second part of the thesis uses the evaporation models, developed in the first part of the thesis, along with a new developed thermolysis model in order to produce the ammonia needed for the SCR system. In the present study, ammonia is produced from the urea-water solution injected into the exhaust pipe line. Water evaporates and urea decomposes to ammonia needed for SCR system. The evaporation of water is modeled with the proposed evaporation models in the first part of the present thesis with some modifications in order to take into account the influence of urea on the water evaporation. New multi-step thermolysis model for urea is then implemented in the IFP-C3D code in order to simulate the distribution of gaseous ammonia at the entrance of SCR system. The present model is also able to simulate the formation of solid by-products from urea thermolysis. The numerical results of the developed models allow us to assess the contribution of the developments made during this work in the context of industrial applications
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Naik, Amit [Verfasser]. "Numerical Modeling of Air-assisted Breakup of Urea-water Solution for SCR Applications / Amit Naik." Garbsen : TEWISS - Technik und Wissen GmbH, 2020. https://www.tewiss-verlag.de/.

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Huang, Yen-Jui. "Effect of Dissolved-Hydrogen on SCC Behavior of Solution-Annealed 316L and 310S SS in Hot Water." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232397.

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Bravo, Abarca Fabián Alexis. "Sistema experto de configuración para sistemas telefónicos a través de diagramas." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111326.

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Ingeniero Civil en Computación
Este trabajo se realizó en Sixbell Nekotec Solutions, empresa que provee de soluciones de voz y datos a trav ́es de toda América. Su software permite desde recibir llamadas hasta procesarlas, donde, por ejemplo, se puede implementar un sistema de prepago o un call center. El software central para el trabajo es el SCE, herramienta escrita en JAVA que permite, gráficamente, programar aplicaciones CCXML/VXML, que son las que operan en los sistemas de Sixbell. Su disen ̃o permite, aunque con algunas limitaciones, la introducción de nuevos lenguajes que hacen que este programa pueda cambiar su funcionalidad, pareciéndose más a un IDE de programación gráfica, mediante entidades y enlaces entre ellos, por lo que cualquier problema que pueda ser modelado como flujo o diagrama podría ser resuelto con el SCE. El configurador entonces se empezó a desarrollar como un lenguaje del SCE, pero para po- der ser ocupado completamente, el SCE tuvo que ser modificado y varias partes rediseñadas de manera de no solo se compatible con este nuevo lenguaje, sino que hacer frente desde ya a nuevos problemas que puedan ser modelados con este especie de IDE gráfico. Para ello se modificó la manera en que se dibujan los elementos en pantalla, pues antes solo exist ́ıan flechas para unir las entidades y ahora se pueden poner lineas con flechas en ambos sentidos o sin punta o con punta cuadrada, se hizo un completo refactoring de cómo se comportan los enlaces y demás elementos gráficos y además se trabajó con la retrocompatibilidad para hacer que aplicaciones antiguas del SCE pudieran ser usadas en las nuevas versiones. El configurador terminado permitió a la empresa cambiar su forma de trabajar con los sistemas que venden y usan, desde su creación todos empezaron a adoptarlo como primera opción al configurar un sistema y rápidamente ya se tenían templates de aplicaciones del SCE prácticamente listas para distintos escenarios. Además comenzaron a usarlo en distintos países donde Sixbell está presente como México y Colombia, donde sus unidades de negocio dieron muy buenos comentarios sobre esta herramienta. En conclusión, se logró la creación de una poderosa herramienta, a partir de software ya existente en la empresa lo que da dos resultados positivos para Sixbell : el SCE como un producto aparte que puede modelar y solucionar más problemas que involucren flujos o diagramas, y el configurador que permite a la empresa tener una ventaja frente a sus competidores dadas sus características que benefician a los operadores de los sistemas y ayudan a mejorar los tiempos de puesta en marcha y de reacción frente a escenarios negativos.
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BENCHEIKH, ABDERRAHIM. "Etude vibrationnelle du groupement scn en solution non aqueuse a l'etat libre et de complexe mncs." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2041.

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On montre par spectroscopie ir que scn forme des liaisons hydrogene avec les solvants pratiques. Dans le methanol plusieurs solvates de cet ion sont identifies. Les paires d'ions entre scn et des cations m**(2+) sont etudiees dans les solvants aprotiques polaires. Les effets sur scn dus a la formation de paires d'ions isothiocyanate mncs sont mis en evidence par spectroscopie ir et raman dans la zone des vibrations cn et cs
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Bencheikh, Abderrahim. "Etude vibrationnelle du groupement SCN en solution non aqueuse à l'état libre et de complexe MNCS." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602796n.

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Mesurolle, Maël. "Modélisation numérique en vue de la conception d'un actionneur SCAO magnétohydrodynamique de précision." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/16512/1/Mesurolle_Mael.pdf.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un projet R&T CNES. Elle concerne l'étude d'un actionneur appelé roue d'inertie, qui fait partie intégrante de l'ensemble SCAO (Système de Contrôle d'Attitude et d'Orbite). Les nouvelles roues proposées, dites Magnétohydrodynamique (MHD) à Conduction, présentent un volant d'inertie fluidique sous forme d'un canal torique, dans lequel un métal liquide conducteur à fort potentiel inertiel est mis en mouvement sous l'effet d'un champ électromagnétique. Contrairement aux roues actuelles, elles n'ont pas de roulements ni d'arbre mécanique ce qui permet un gain en espace, un éloignement idéal de la masse inertielle, et une durée de vie théoriquement illimitée. Aussi, de par la viscosité naturelle du fluide, elles ne présentent pas de non-linéarité autour de la vitesse nulle ce qui évite une perte de précision sur le contrôle du couple de réaction, et donc du pointage du satellite. Le travail réalisé pendant la thèse porte sur l'appréhension des phénomènes MHD consistant en un couplage entre les lois de la Mécanique des Fluides et celles de l’Electromagnétisme, au travers de la loi d’Ohm généralisée. A partir d'hypothèses axisymétriques, et dans le cadre des milieux incompressibles et d’un écoulement laminaire, un modèle générale 3D a pu être établie. Puis une formulation 1D cylindrique a permis une résolution analytique, et une autre en 2D axisymétrique, par résolution numérique en différences fines, a permis l'amélioration de la précision des résultats. Ce modèle a permis de comprendre que deux approches étaient possibles pour la conception et plus particulièrement la commande de l'actionneur. Cette résolution, faisant l'objet du développement d'un code numérique, a d'abord porté sur les équations en régime permanent, puis en temporel, afin de caractériser l'actionneur du point de vue de ses deux modes de fonctionnement. La réalisation d’un prototype a permis de quantifier la validité de la modélisation d’un point de vue dynamique.
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Roberts, Dorota. "Thermodynamics of biomacromolecular interactions in aqueous solutions." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:128671.

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An understanding of the interactions between polyelectrolytes and proteins is vital to determine structure and functionality of materials constructed of these two components. Possible applications for the protein-polyelectrolyte composites are ranging from materials used to deliver drugs to the methods of protein stabilisation for storage of therapeutics, biosemsors, and encapsulation of medicines for triggered release. The binding of globular proteins to the polyelectrolyte chains can prevent undesired protein aggregation and may help to extend the shelf-life of the protein-containing food. The aim of this project is to study the mechanism of non-covalent binding between proteins and polyelectrolytes, responsiveness of the proteinpolyelectrolyte composites to external stimuli such as changing pH, presence of salt of different types and concentrations or influence of enzyme on the integrity of protein-polyelectrolyte multilayer film. Our study was focused on the effects of different mono- and multivalent salts on binding affinitybetween a negatively charged polyelectrolyte - poly(styrene sulfonate) PSS and bovine serumalbumin BSA or myoglobin. The complex formation between these polymers was examinedusing the static light scattering (SLS), turbidimetric and potentiometric titrations, differentialscanning calorimetry (DSC) and theoretical studies based on molecular dynamics simulations. We established that the inter- and intramolecular interactions between proteins and polyelectrolytes are primarily driven by the electrostatic forces at the conditions when thepolymers are in low ionic strength solutions and attractive or repulsive relations are based upon the charge density and its distribution. When proteins are interacting with polyelectrolytes in solutions of high ionic strength the electrostatic interactions are screened by the salt originated co-ions. In these conditions there is a competition between salting-out effect on proteins leading to protein aggregation or protein-polyelectrolyte complex formation, which can prevent undesired protein-protein association. The forces driving the attractive interactions at high ionic strength are of non-electrostatic origin, these are mainly hydrophobic forces. The computer simulation study shows that more flexible polyanionic chains are stronger binders to the positive patches on protein surface than these of a more rigid backbone. Also a total energy of binding depends on a sum of electrostatic and non-electrostatic energies. The formation of multilayers composed of a protein and a polyelectrolyte, where componentswere: poly-L-lysine – a positively charged homopolypeptide and polygalacturonic acid - apolysaccharide was examined using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. A 10 and 11 layer film, deposited on the charged surface, exhibited the linear growth pattern for first 5 layers and exponential growth for a flowing 5 (or 6) layers. The influence of pectinase enzyme on digesting the polygalacturonic acid component of the multilayer was most effective for 1 AU/mL concentration of pectinase. After the enzyme was applied the multilayer film was fully disintegrated within the period of 20 minutes for pectinase at 1 AU/mL and the time of disintegration was extended to 120 minutes for pectinase at 0.1 AU/mL.Silk fibroin aqueous solutions were tested rheologically for their structural properties involvingthe existence of fibroin aggregates. We examined the process of ageing of fibroin solutions and solid-liquid transformations taking place within the fluid. The transitions between viscous and elastic behaviour of the fibroin’s semi-dilute solutions were initiated by strain, shear frequency and temperature. We highlighted that the irreversible change in secondary structure of the silk fibroin in aqueous solutions are taking place after the 48 hour period of time since the preparation of protein fluids. We recommend that further processing of silk fibroin such aselectrospinning should be completed within the 48 hour after dissolution.
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Sizov, Vladimir E. "SCC initiation study of X-52 pipeline steel and its various microstructures in near neutral pH bicarbonate solution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/MQ48369.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Solution SCO"

1

Russel, Charlie. SCO OpenServer: The Windows network solution. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall PTR, 1997.

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Aseev, G. G. Volumetric properties of electrolyte solutions: Estimation methods and experimental data. New York: Begell House, 1996.

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Reznik, Semen. How to defend your dissertation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816400.

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Many applicants for academic degrees are sure that their main task is to write a good dissertation. In fact, it is necessary to solve not one, but at least two tasks: first, of course, to prepare the work, and secondly, to successfully protect it. But this is not so much a scientific as a managerial problem that requires its own ways and methods of solution. The methods of its solution are discussed in the proposed work. The book is aimed primarily at applicants defending PhD theses, but it may also be of interest to those who are preparing for the defense of doctoral theses or are interested in the organization of scientific activities.
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Apitz, Andreas, Thierry Duclos, Akio Kasuga, José Romo Martín, Serge Montens, Chithambaram Sankaralingam, and Juan Sobrino. Extradosed Bridges. Edited by Mike Schlaich. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed017.

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<p>Extradosed bridges can be an elegant and economic solution for bridges with spans ranging between 100 and 250m. This novel type of cable-supported bridges has become quite successful in recent years first in Japan and then all over the world.</p> <p>Experienced members of the international bridge community have come together in Working Commission 3 of IABSE to share their knowledge and to prepare an SED which provides the reader with guidance and practical advise that was not available so far. This book contains useful information regarding conceptual and structural design, analysis, construction, cost and typical properties of Extradosed Bridges.</p>
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Russel, Charlie. SCO OpenServer: The Windows Network Solution. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.

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SCO OpenServer: The Windows Network Solution. Prentice Hall PTR, 1996.

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Peck. Chemistry Molec Sci Stud Solutions. William C. Brown, 1994.

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Khawaja, A. L. Sakkaf. Handbook Exact Solutions Nonlinear Sch. Institute of Physics Publishing, 2019.

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LADDERS SCI GR 3 ENERGY SOLUTI. CENGAGE LEARNING, 2013.

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Staff, Baron Michael. Solutions Manual for Probablility and Statistics for Computer Sci. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solution SCO"

1

Hofmann, Erik, and Oliver Belin. "Characteristics of SCF." In Supply Chain Finance Solutions, 13–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17566-4_3.

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Hofmann, Erik, and Oliver Belin. "Segmentation of SCF Solutions." In Supply Chain Finance Solutions, 27–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17566-4_4.

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Hofmann, Erik, and Oliver Belin. "Value Proposition of SCF." In Supply Chain Finance Solutions, 41–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17566-4_5.

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Hofmann, Erik, and Oliver Belin. "The Market Size for SCF Solutions." In Supply Chain Finance Solutions, 47–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17566-4_6.

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Bansal, Jagdish Chand, Prathu Bajpai, Anjali Rawat, and Atulya K. Nagar. "Advancements in the Sine Cosine Algorithm." In Sine Cosine Algorithm for Optimization, 87–103. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9722-8_5.

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AbstractIn the last few decades, the development and advancement of meta-heuristic algorithms have become the focus of the research community as these algorithms face various challenges like, balance between exploration and exploitation, tuning of parameters, getting trapped in local optima, and very slow convergence rate. Sine cosine algorithm (SCA) also faces similar kinds of challenges and sometimes fails to perform effectively in finding the global optimal solution. Sine and cosine are trigonometric operators with a 90$$^\circ $$ phase shift from each other. The range of sine and cosine functions lies in the range $$[-1,1]$$. Sine and cosine functions in the position update equation of SCA help solutions to perform search procedure. However, in some situations, SCA promotes similar solutions in the search space, which results in the loss of diversity in the population, and the search process is susceptible to trapping in the region of local optimum [1]. Motivated by these challenges, SCA has been modified to improve its capability and efficiency in several ways. Several strategies have been employed to alter the basic version of SCA [2], aiming to enhance its effectiveness and optimization capabilities. In this chapter, we will discuss about these modifications and strategies, which have been incorporated into the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) in past few years. Apart from this, we will briefly describe the applications of the modified versions of SCA.
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Karande, Aarti M., and Dhananjay R. Kalbande. "SCM Enterprise Solution Using Soft Computing Techniques." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 137–46. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0751-9_13.

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Mehta, Ashok B. "Functional Verification: Challenges and Solutions." In ASIC/SoC Functional Design Verification, 5–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59418-7_2.

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Flowerdew, Lynne. "The problem-solution pattern in apprentice vs. professional technical writing: an application of appraisal theory." In Studies in Corpus Linguistics, 125–35. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.17.09flo.

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Wittke, Christian, Zoya Dyka, Oliver Skibitzki, and Peter Langendoerfer. "Preparation of SCA Attacks: Successfully Decapsulating BGA Packages." In Innovative Security Solutions for Information Technology and Communications, 240–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47238-6_17.

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Gasquez, J., B. Giraud, P. Boivin, Y. Moustapha-Rabault, V. Della Marca, J. P. Walder, and J. M. Portal. "A Regulated Sensing Solution Based on a Self-reference Principle for PCM + OTS Memory Array." In VLSI-SoC: Technology Advancement on SoC Design, 225–43. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16818-5_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solution SCO"

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Grainger, Stephen. "The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): Challenges Ahead and Potential Solutions." In Annual International Conference on Business Strategy and Organizational Behaviour. Global Science and Technology Forum (GSTF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1970_bizstrategy29.

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Casola, Floriano, Garry Mahoney, and Luca De Amicis. "SAIPEM Novel Hybrid Riser: RCS." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79031.

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As the offshore industry continues to progress developments in deep and ultra-deep water locations, in many large EPCI contracts (Engineering, Procurement, construction and Installation) the considered or preferred riser system solutions are steel catenary risers (SCRs) or lazy wave (LW) SCRs. The criticality of SCR technology continues to require detailed assessment of technology risks for each specific development, even where design conditions may not appear to vary significantly from previous developments. The potential for increased water depth, severity/complexity of environmental loading, a wider range of vessel typology and with ongoing integrity monitoring & maintenance feedback, it is clear that there is an increasing risk that SCR will exceed the technological limits for near future developments. Looking forward, there is a primary need to manage the risks of this elegant & commercially attractive riser solution by ensuring the margin between the expected fatigue /extreme loading and the current technological limits of metallic material/welding, top connection and non-metallic components. In this context, and through a fully integrated approach to riser technology, SAIPEM has conceived and matured families of hybrid riser systems based on field proven technology. One of these families is the novel hybrid riser family, specifically conceived to extend the application of SCR & LWSCR in a cost effective way as well as offering certain additional improvements. The basic solution is the RCS (Novel Hybrid Riser with Top Connecting Arm & Shallow Water Jumper); a balanced cost /risk hybrid riser solution to compete with SCR & LWSCR. RCS offers consistent improvements and is adaptable to the major vessel typologies, from semi-subs to disconnectable turret moored FPSOs. The RCS comprises Top Connecting Arm (TCA), Riser Top Assembly (RTA) and Tension Restrained Jumper (TRJ) or simple short/long catenary jumper (SCJ), and is connected to the vessel by means of a deepwater type mooring connector. RCS+ is a further evolution of RCS incorporating adjustable length TCA. RCS+ Heave Motion Damper (HMD) is a future evolution of RCS, and is described separately. The RCS is an example of the application of an industrial model that includes an integrated engineering and execution expertise to achieve future cost effective solutions.
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Liu Lanjuan. "SCM Security Solution Based on SSL Protocol." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2006.235714.

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Lanjuan, Liu. "SCM Security Solution Based on SSL Protocol." In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/soli.2006.328960.

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Ishikawa, Nobuyuki, Mitsuo Kimura, Hitoshi Asahi, Mitsuru Sawamura, Tomohiko Omura, and Hirofumi Kishikawa. "Near Neutral pH SCC of Grade X80 Linepipe Steels Under Cyclic Loading." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64281.

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Susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Grade X80 linepipe steels, which were produced by recent TMCP (Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Processing) technique, controlled rolling (CR) followed by accelerated cooling process (ACC), in near neutral pH conditions was investigated, and cracking behavior was compared with conventional Grade X65 linepipe. Longitudinal strip specimens with small surface notches were cyclically loaded in the NS4 solution with cathodic polarization of −1000mV vs. SCE. No significant difference in susceptibility to SCC was found between Grades X80 and X65 linepipes, both produced by TMCP process, even under higher stress condition for X80 linepipe steel. Hydrogen permeation test reviled the strong effect of hydrogen for the cracking under the SCC test condition. Transgranular cracking and quasi-cleavage fracture were observed as an evidence of the effect of both corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement on near neutral pH SCC.
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Salomoni, Davide, and Marco Caberletti. "A Dynamic Virtual Networks Solution for Cloud Computing." In 2012 SC Companion: High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SCC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sc.companion.2012.75.

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Aggarwal, Rajiv K., Marcio M. Mourelle, Steinar Kristoffersen, Henri Godinot, Pedro Vargas, Michael Else, Ronald W. Schutz, et al. "Development and Qualification of Alternative Solutions for Improved Fatigue Performance of Deepwater Steel Catenary Risers." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29325.

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Several initiatives have been undertaken by the operators, engineering companies, product manufacturers, and regulatory bodies to enable increased use of steel catenary riser (SCR) design in development of deepwater and ultra-deepwater fields. Some of these efforts focus on improvement in understanding of soil-structure interaction at SCR touch down zone (TDZ) and its impact on fatigue damage estimates through analytical studies, laboratory testing, or in-field monitoring of SCR behavior. Through recent studies and laboratory testing work for floating platforms with SCR, the need for significant enhancement of SCR design at TDZ through implementation of alternate solutions has been identified. This paper presents a summary of the work undertaken in a Joint Industry Project (JIP) during 2004 to 2007 [1, 2] to develop solutions and undertake qualification tasks for four alternatives with potential to improve fatigue performance at TDZ by factor of up to 10 or more. The solutions considered at SCR TDZ include: thick light-weight coating over steel riser sections; steel riser sections with upset ends; high strength steel riser sections with integral connectors; and a titanium segment. The major qualification tasks undertaken for each solution will be identified and discussed. The qualification program undertaken for each solution varied and in some cases, it also included manufacturing of samples, laboratory and full-scale fatigue testing, and post-failure evaluation. Through significant qualification activities undertaken in this JIP, progress has been made to bring these solutions to project ready state for their consideration at the frond end engineering design (FEED) stage. Such design enhancements would enable increase in selection of SCR design for production and export riser applications under severe operating conditions, harsh environment, and floating systems with high motions.
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Nesher, O., S. Elkind, G. Francis, and M. Kenan. "SCD solutions for missile warning system applications." In Defense and Security Symposium, edited by Bjørn F. Andresen, Gabor F. Fulop, and Paul R. Norton. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.662273.

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Zhangc, Liang-Jie. "SOA Solution Reference Architecture." In IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scc.2007.111.

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Yue, Bin, Mike Campbell, David Walters, Hugh Thompson, and Kamaldev Raghavan. "Improved SCR Design for Dynamic Vessel Applications." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20406.

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Design of Steel Catenary Risers (SCR) has seen increasing challenges in deep water applications due to higher pressures, vessels with more dynamic motions and severe weather conditions. In the Gulf of Mexico, the SCR is sometimes designed with little margin due to harsh environment. In West Africa, SCRs may be infeasible with turret moored Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) System, and are often limited to a narrow hang-off range near the Center of Gravity (CoG) with spread moored FPSO. Freestanding hybrid risers are feasible solutions for many fields in West Africa. However, the freestanding riser cost is generally considered much higher than that of an SCR. Hence, there is a need to improve SCR performance in dynamic vessel applications. This paper presents the development of Shaped SCR configuration that has significantly improved performance and minimal cost increase compared to an SCR. Compared with a conventional Lazy Wave SCR, the riser configuration has increased installation flexibility and decreased cost as it is installable via J-lay or S-lay. The configuration is developed and assessed for a spread moored FPSO in West Africa. The strength and fatigue response is compared with those of a simple SCR and Lazy Wave SCR. The key considerations in developing the configurations are discussed. This paper also presents the use of upset ends to improve riser fatigue performance. This is achieved due to reduced bending and tension stress ranges resulting from thicker pipe ends, as well as to reduced Stress Concentration Factors (SCF) resulting from forging process.
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Reports on the topic "Solution SCO"

1

Remillieux, Marcel, Timothy James Ulrich, and Pierre-Yves Le Bas. NDE Solutions: Imaging SCC with Acoustic Techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1329702.

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Foster, T. SCM Paste Samples Exposed To Aggressive Solutions. Cementitious Barriers Partnership. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1288264.

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YEH, M., J. BOGER, and R. L. HAHN. PERFORMANCE OF LIQUI-CEL EXTRA-FLOW MEMBRANE CONTRACTOR IN A PURE WATER AND IN A 0.2% SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION (SNO-STR-2001-11). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/789651.

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Baader, Franz, Stefan Borgwardt, and Barbara Morawska. Dismatching and Local Disunification in EL. Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.210.

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Unification in Description Logics has been introduced as a means to detect redundancies in ontologies. We try to extend the known decidability results for unification in the Description Logic EL to disunification since negative constraints on unifiers can be used to avoid unwanted unifiers. While decidability of the solvability of general EL-disunification problems remains an open problem, we obtain NP-completeness results for two interesting special cases: dismatching problems, where one side of each negative constraint must be ground, and local solvability of disunification problems, where we restrict the attention to solutions that are built from so-called atoms occurring in the input problem. More precisely, we first show that dismatching can be reduced to local disunification, and then provide two complementary NP-algorithms for finding local solutions of (general) disunification problems.
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Beiker, Sven. Unsettled Issues in Remote Operation for On-road Driving Automation. SAE International, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021028.

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On-road vehicles equipped with driving automation features—where a human might not be needed for operation on-board—are entering the mainstream public space. However, questions like “How safe is safe enough?” and “What to do if the system fails?” persist. This is where remote operation comes in, which is an additional layer to the automated driving system where a human remotely assists the so-called “driverless” vehicle in certain situations. Such remote-operation solutions introduce additional challenges and potential risks as the entire vehicle-network-human now needs to work together safely, effectively, and practically. Unsettled Issues in Remote Operation for On-road Driving Automation highlights technical questions (e.g., network latency, bandwidth, cyber security) and human aspects (e.g., workload, attentiveness, situational awareness) of remote operation and introduces evolving solutions. The report also discusses standards development and regulations—both of which are needed to provide frameworks for the deployment of driving automation with remote operation.
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Upadhyaya, Shrini K., Abraham Shaviv, Abraham Katzir, Itzhak Shmulevich, and David S. Slaughter. Development of A Real-Time, In-Situ Nitrate Sensor. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586537.bard.

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Although nitrate fertilizers are critical for enhancing crop production, excess application of nitrate fertilizer can result in ground water contamination leading to the so called "nitrate problem". Health and environmental problems related to this "nitrate problem" have led to serious concerns in many parts of the world including the United States and Israel. These concerns have resulted in legislation limiting the amount of nitrate N in drinking water to 10mg/g. Development of a fast, reliable, nitrate sensor for in-situ application can be extremely useful in dynamic monitoring of environmentally sensitive locations and applying site-specific amounts of nitrate fertilizer in a precision farming system. The long range objective of this study is to develop a fast, reliable, real-time nitrate sensor. The specific objective of this one year feasibility study was to explore the possible use of nitrate sensor based on mid-IR spectroscopy developed at UCD along with the silver halide fiber ATR (i.e. attenuated total internal reflection) sensor developed at TAU to detect nitrate content in solution and soil paste in the presence of interfering compounds. Experiments conducted at Technion and UCD clearly demonstrate the feasibility of detecting nitrate content in solutions as well as soil pastes using mid-IR spectroscopy and an ATR technique. When interfering compounds such as carbonates, bicarbonates, organic matter etc. are present special data analysis technique such as singular value decomposition (SYD) or cross correlation was necessary to detect nitrate concentrations successfully. Experiments conducted in Israel show that silver halide ATR fiber based FEWS, particularly flat FEWS, resulted in low standard error and high coefficient of determination (i.e. R² values) indicating the potential of the flat Fiberoptic Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS) for direct determinations of nitrate. Moreover, they found that it was possible to detect nitrate and other anion concentrations using anion exchange membranes and M1R spectroscopy. The combination of the ion-exchange membranes with fiberoptices offers one more option to direct determination of nitrate in environmental systems.
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Johra, Hicham. Performance overview of caloric heat pumps: magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric systems. Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau467469997.

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Heat pumps are an excellent solution to supply heating and cooling for indoor space conditioning and domestic hot water production. Conventional heat pumps are typically electrically driven and operate with a vapour-compression thermodynamic cycle of refrigerant fluid to transfer heat from a cold source to a warmer sink. This mature technology is cost-effective and achieves appreciable coefficients of performance (COP). The heat pump market demand is driven up by the urge to improve the energy efficiency of building heating systems coupled with the increase of global cooling needs for air-conditioning. Unfortunately, the refrigerants used in current conventional heat pumps can have a large greenhouse or ozone-depletion effect. Alternative gaseous refrigerants have been identified but they present some issues regarding toxicity, flammability, explosivity, low energy efficiency or high cost. However, several non-vapour-compression heat pump technologies have been invented and could be promising alternatives to conventional systems, with potential for higher COP and without the aforementioned refrigerant drawbacks. Among those, the systems based on the so-called “caloric effects” of solid-state refrigerants are gaining large attention. These caloric effects are characterized by a phase transition varying entropy in the material, resulting in a large adiabatic temperature change. This phase transition is induced by a variation of a specific external field applied to the solid refrigerant. Therefore, the magnetocaloric, elastocaloric, electrocaloric and barocaloric effects are adiabatic temperature changes in specific materials when varying the magnetic field, uniaxial mechanical stress, electrical field or hydrostatic pressure, respectively. Heat pump cycle can be built from these caloric effects and several heating/cooling prototypes were developed and tested over the last few decades. Although not a mature technology yet, some of these caloric systems are well suited to become new efficient and sustainable solutions for indoor space conditioning and domestic hot water production. This technical report (and the paper to which this report is supplementary materials) aims to raise awareness in the building community about these innovative caloric systems. It sheds some light on the recent progress in that field and compares the performance of caloric systems with that of conventional vapour-compression heat pumps for building applications.
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Adam, Isabelle, Mihály Fazekas, Alfredo Hernandez Sanchez, Peter Horn, and Nóra Regös. Integrity Dividends: Procurement in the Water and Sanitation Sector in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by Marcello Basani and Jacopo Gamba. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004688.

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Public procurement represents a large portion of government expenditure, more so in developing economies. Inefficiencies in public expenditures thus place a heavy burden on society. The Water and Sanitation (W&S) sector is especially vulnerable to public procurement inefficiencies due to the capital-intensive and complex nature of large-scale projects such as sewage, pipelines, and general maintenance. Recent studies have found that quality of corporate governance and transparency of water utilities as well as regulatory and supervisory agencies are key drivers of the sectors performance. To support better policies in the W&S sector, this report conducts a sectoral measurement of public procurement integrity using government administrative data and identifies effective interventions for improving the performance of utilities. The following questions are explored: Which types of integrity risk carry the highest economic costs? What are effective policy solutions? Which address the most impactful risks effectively? What are the price savings and project-delay-reducing impacts of such solutions? To this effect, the study analyzes data for six countries in the Latin American & Caribbean region. Several regression models were run to assess which indicators of integrity are good predictors of improved outcomes in terms of price (unit or relative) and quality (delays) of public purchases in the sector.
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Cliffe, Emma. Local Humanitarian Leadership Index: A snapshot of progress towards local humanitarian leadership outcomes in the humanitarian coordination architecture in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Oxfam, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.9141.

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This index outlines what needs to change in order to achieve local humanitarian leadership in the Syria crisis response. It summarizes research undertaken on the engagement of local and national actors in the international humanitarian coordination architecture in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria, and is accompanied by three country case studies. The index is designed to support local and national non-government organizations to advocate for reforms so they can increase their engagement within the humanitarian coordination system, and use these spaces to advocate for their desired changes in the response. Donors, UN agencies and INGOs bear the main responsibility for enabling those reforms. The recommendations in each section provide practical solutions to address the barriers and challenges identified in the research.
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Rothgang, Michael, and Bernhard Lageman. Systems Analysis in Evaluation: The unfulfilled promise. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.556.

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Our paper addresses the question, why systemic approaches have only played a modest role in impact evaluations of in- novation and technology programmes so far and examines possible reasons for this shortcoming, as well as discussing solutions that could be offered to remedy the existing deficit. While the need for a systemic approach to evaluations has been stressed quite often, the methodological challenges and reasons for the lack of systemic evaluations in practice have to our knowledge not yet been addressed in a systematical manner. This contribution is conceptual in nature and based on a review of the research literature on the use of systemic approaches in evaluations of the impact of R&I policy programmes. The analysis shows that the use of systemic methods encounters both epistemological and institutional obstacles. Suggestions are made for the further development of the methodological repertoire by including suitable systemic approaches.
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