Journal articles: 'Solution behaviour'

1

Kharko, O. V. "Structural behaviour of continuous solid solution SmCo1-xFexO3." Functional Materials 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 226–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm21.02.226.

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Crowther, Nicholas J., and Donald Eagland. "Aqueous solutions of polypropylene oxide: unusual solution behaviour." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 7 (1994): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39940000839.

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3

Ballaranl, Tiziana Boffa, Ross J. Angel, and Michael A. Carpenter. "High-pressure transformation behaviour of the cummingtonite-grunerite solid solution." European Journal of Mineralogy 12, no. 6 (November 17, 2000): 1195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/12/6/1195.

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4

Guo, Hongxia, Zongming Guo, and Fangshu Wan. "Radial symmetry of non-maximal entire solutions of a bi-harmonic equation with exponential nonlinearity." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 149, no. 6 (January 24, 2019): 1603–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/prm.2018.49.

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AbstractWe study radial symmetry of entire solutions of the equation0.1$$\Delta ^2u = 8(N-2)(N-4)e^u\quad {\rm in}\;R^N\;\;(N \ges 5).$$It is known that (0.1) admits infinitely many radially symmetric entire solutions. These solutions may have either a (negative) logarithmic behaviour or a (negative) quadratic behaviour at infinity. Up to translations, we know that there is only one radial entire solution with the former behaviour, which is called ‘maximal radial entire solution’, and infinitely many radial entire solutions with the latter behaviour, which are called ‘non-maximal radial entire solutions’. The necessary and sufficient conditions for an entire solutionuof (0.1) to be the maximal radial entire solution are presented in [7] recently. In this paper, we will give the necessary and sufficient conditions for an entire solutionuof (0.1) to be a non-maximal radial entire solution.

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5

Kawabe, T. "Chaotic behaviour in sphaleron solution." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 26, no. 22 (November 21, 1993): L1131—L1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/26/22/001.

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Virk, Amninder S., Dale J. Codling, Timothy Stait-Gardner, and William S. Price. "Non-Ideal Behaviour and Solution Interactions in Binary DMSO Solutions." ChemPhysChem 16, no. 18 (November 2, 2015): 3814–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201500670.

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7

Gozdecka, Agata, and Agnieszka Wiącek. "BEHAVIOUR OF TiO2/CHITOSAN DISPERSION AS A FUNCTION OF SOLUTION pH." Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives XXII (September 30, 2017): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15259/pcacd.22.03.

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8

Crowther, N. J., and D. Eagland. "A styrylpyridinium salt in aqueous solution: unusual solution behaviour." Chemical Communications, no. 1 (1997): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a606605d.

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9

Vishnu R., Jiten Das, S. B. Arya, and Manish Roy. "Electrochemical Corrosion Behaviour of ZrN Film in Various Corrosive Fluid." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 3, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2015010101.

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Recently, ZrN has been attracting interest for its excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, high hardness, good lubricity and ductility. Although tribological study of ZrN coating has been carried out extensively, investigation related to corrosion of ZrN film is limited. In view of this and in view of possible applications of ZrN film in several engineering components, the present investigation has been undertaken to evaluate the corrosion response of ZrN film in seawater solution, Hank's solution, 0.5M H2SO4solution and 0.5M HCl solutions. Towards that purpose, potentiostatic, open circuit potential and potentiodynamic study of ZrN film deposited on plain carbon steel has been carried out in all these solutions. Results indicate that stable protective film is formed on the surface of ZrN coating in all these solution except 0.5M H2SO4 solution. The formation of protective film on ZrN coating is fastest in sea water solution and it is slowest in the Cl¯ ions containing media, 0.5 M HCl. The corrosion current is highest for 0.5M H2SO4 acid solution and least for Hank's solution.

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10

Chattopadhyay, D. P., and Milind S. Inamdar. "Aqueous Behaviour of Chitosan." International Journal of Polymer Science 2010 (2010): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/939536.

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Chitosan, a versatile biopolymer, finds numerous applications in textile processing unit operations such as preparation, dyeing, printing, and finishing. However, the accessibility of this biopolymer by the textile material depends on the viscosity of its solution which in turn is a function of its molecular weight. In this work, therefore, the effect of molecular weight, storage life, presence of electrolyte, and particle size of chitosan on its viscosity was investigated. Chitosan of different molecular weights was synthesized by nitrous acid hydrolysis of parent chitosan solution. The synthesized low molecular weight products were analysed by FTIR spectroscopy. Chitosan of nanoconfiguration was prepared by Ionotropic gelation method and characterized by particle size analyzer. The viscosity of different chitosan solutions was determined using Ubbelohde capillary viscometer. As an extension to this study, the chelation property of chitosan was also evaluated.

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Schweins, Ralf, Jutta Hollmann, and Klaus Huber. "Dilute solution behaviour of sodium polyacrylate chains in aqueous NaCl solutions." Polymer 44, no. 23 (November 2003): 7131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2003.07.005.

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12

Otoo, Henry, William Obeng-Denteh, and Lewis Brew. "Oscillatory Solution of a Convolutional Volterra Integral Equation." Asian Research Journal of Mathematics 19, no. 12 (December 28, 2023): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjom/2023/v19i12772.

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Oscillatory solutions play a pivotal role in understanding functional differential and integral equations, offering insights into the behaviour of these equations' solutions, and assisting in understanding their growth, stability, and convergence properties. This study establishes the oscillatory solution of a convolutional Volterra integral equation using mathematical proofs. Theorems for oscillatory solutions are proposed and proven based on well-defined assumptions, along with an illustrated example. The proofs presented herein reveal that the convolutional Volterra integral equation can exhibit oscillatory or non-oscillatory behavior, contingent upon the characteristics of the function within the integral.

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13

McClure, Deidre. "ADHD behaviour modification as a solution." Australian Journal of Learning Disabilities 2, no. 2 (June 1997): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19404159709546530.

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14

Singh, Virpal, and Kamlesh Kumari. "Rheological Behaviour of Chitosan-Starch Solution." Asian Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 17 (2013): 9817–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.15435.

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15

Magnusson, Anders, Matti Ristinmaa, and Christer Ljung. "Behaviour of the extensible elastica solution." International Journal of Solids and Structures 38, no. 46-47 (November 2001): 8441–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(01)00089-0.

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16

Suehiro, Tadashi. "Behaviour of aryldiazenyl radicals in solution." Reviews of Chemical Intermediates 10, no. 2 (June 1988): 101–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03155687.

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17

Hamaide, T., M. Gnambodoe, and A. Guyot. "Solution behaviour of carboxylatobetaine-based ionomers." Polymer 31, no. 2 (February 1990): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(90)90121-e.

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18

Chui, T. Y. T., M. H. George, and J. A. Barrie. "Dilute-solution behaviour of polyurethane ionomers." Polymer 33, no. 24 (January 1992): 5254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(92)90809-b.

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19

Dong, Anjie, Xiabin Jing, Wei Wang, and Zhiliu Feng. "The Gelation Behaviour of Polyaniline Solution." Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry 11, no. 4 (August 1, 1994): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1000-0518.1994.4.62.

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20

Roman, Călin Rareş, and Lidia Adriana Sorcoi. "Preliminary Studies Regarding the Behaviour of New Titanium Implants." Materials Science Forum 672 (January 2011): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.672.233.

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This paper presents a study concerning a new titanium-based product reached by the specific techniques of powder metallurgy. The product was tested in vitro to corrosion in artificial saliva and in vivo by biological inocuity on sheep and rats for biocompatibility. The chemical composition of artificial saliva solutions used for general corrosion tests were: Fusayama solution; Carter solution; Ericsson solution; Hank solution; Ringer solution. The exposure length was 48, 720, 1440 and 2784 hours. On the sheep, six titanium implants of purity 99.89%, sintered with microporosities and nanoporosities at the surface were administered. Function of implant location, three cm incisions in the skin was made in the following regions: retroscapular for subcutaneous implants, in the tibial diaphysis for the subperiostal implant and in the Latimus Dorsi region for the intramuscular implant. Three different lots of Wistar breed rats were used; the sintered 3.5/1.5 cm titanium implants were placed subcutaneously and intermuscles. Parameters of descriptive statistics were used to assess inflammatory reaction.

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21

Lima-Rodriguez, Antonia, Antonio Gonzalez-Herrera, and Jose Garcia-Manrique. "Study of the Dynamic Behaviour of Circular Membranes with Low Tension." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 4716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214716.

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The dynamic behaviour of membranes has been widely studied by well-known authors for a long time. A clear distinction can be made between the behaviour of membranes without tension (plate case) and membranes subjected to large tension or pre-strain in their plane (membrane case). In classical theories, less attention has been paid to membranes subjected to a low level of tension, which solution is between both extreme cases. Recently, certain fields of research are demanding solutions for this intermediate behaviour. It is the case of membranes present in MEMS and sensor or the response of the tympanic membrane in mammals hearing system. In this paper, the behaviour of plates and circular membranes with boundary conditions clamped in the edges has been studied. The natural frequencies for both cases (plate and membrane) have been calculated using the solutions of the traditional theories and these have been compared with the numerical frequencies calculated by finite element analysis. The dynamic response of membrane with low tension, corresponding to a transition between these extreme behaviours, has also been calculated. A theoretical solution has been used complemented with a wide set of numerical finite elements calculations. The analytical and numerical solutions are very close, being the error made using both methods very low; nevertheless, there are no analytical solutions for the entire transition zone between the plate and membrane behaviour. Therefore, this range has been completed using finite element analysis. Broad ranges of geometric configurations have been studied. The transition behaviour of the membrane has been clearly identified. The main practical consequences of these results have been discussed, in particular focused on the response of the tympanic membrane.

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22

Bahadur, P., and N. V. Sastry. "Dilute solution behaviour of styrene-ethylene oxide block copolymers in aqueous solutions." European Polymer Journal 24, no. 3 (January 1988): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-3057(88)90224-8.

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23

Driessens, F. C. M., and R. M. H. Verbeeck. "Solubility Behaviour of Ionic Solid Solutions and Their Precipitation from Aqueous Solution." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 93, no. 2 (September 1, 2010): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19840930201.

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24

Alonso, C., and C. Andrade. "Corrosión de las armaduras de acero debida a la carbonatación acelerada de soluciones que simulan la composición de la fase acuosa del hormigón." Materiales de Construcción 37, no. 206 (June 30, 1987): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.1987.v37.i206.866.

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25

Hongliang, Zhu, and Cui Jingan. "Asymptotic behaviour of a nonautonomous cooperative system." ANZIAM Journal 42, no. 4 (April 2001): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181100012281.

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AbstractThis paper considers a nonautonomous cooperative system, in which all the parameters are time-dependent and asymptotically approach periodic functions. We prove that under some appropriate conditions any positive solutions of the system asymptotically approach the unique positive periodic solution of the corresponding periodic system.

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26

Melgaard, Daniel Taasti, Trine Stokbro Korsgaard, Martin Soendergaard Thoefner, Morten Roenn Petersen, and Hanne Gervi Pedersen. "Moody Mares—Is Ovariectomy a Solution?" Animals 10, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10071210.

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Unwanted behaviour in mares is a commonly presenting problem to the veterinarian. This behaviour may range from the mare being uncooperative or aggressive when handled on the ground, kicking, bucking or rearing when ridden or being aggressive towards other horses. This purpose of the study was to evaluate whether bilateral ovariectomy in mares with unwanted behaviour improved the mare’s behaviour and/or rideability from the owner’s perspective. The mares were grouped and compared statistically based on their histological classification as having either “normal” or neoplastic ovaries. This study is a retrospective case series report of twenty-eight ovariectomized mares. A semi-quantitative value (1–10) pre- and post-ovariectomy for A) behaviour on ground/in stable and B) rideability was given, based on the owner’s observations. The horses were grouped based on their histopathologic diagnosis as “Normal ovaries” or “Neoplasia”. Following ovariectomy, rideability improved, with a score of ≥5 in 80% (8/10) of mares with normal ovaries and in 57% (8/14) of mares with ovarian neoplasm. A behavioural improvement of ≥5 was observed in 40% (4/10) of mares with normal ovaries, and in 43% (6/14) of mares with ovarian neoplasm. A significant difference was observed between the semi-quantitative value pre- and post-ovariectomy in both groups. No difference was observed in change in behaviour and rideability score between the group with normal ovaries and neoplastic ovaries. Mares with unwanted behaviour not obviously related to the oestrus cycle and to painful conditions may benefit from ovariectomy to alter their behaviour and rideability.

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27

Jingxue, Yin, and Wang Yifu. "Asymptotic behaviour of solutions for porous medium equation with periodic absorption." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 26, no. 1 (2001): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171201003581.

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This paper is concerned with porous medium equation with periodic absorption. We are interested in the discussion of asymptotic behaviour of solutions of the first boundary value problem for the equation. In contrast to the equation without sources, we show that the solutions may not decay but may be attracted into any small neighborhood of the set of all nontrivial periodic solutions, as time tends to infinity. As a direct consequence, the null periodic solution is unstable. We have presented an accurate condition on the sources for solutions to have such a property. Whereas in other cases of the sources, the solutions might decay with power speed, which implies that the null periodic solution is stable.

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28

Berns, Hans, U. Eul, E. Heitz, and R. L. Juse. "Corrosion Behaviour of Solution Nitrided Stainless Steels." Materials Science Forum 318-320 (October 1999): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.318-320.517.

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29

Jung, Daniel Y., and Max Schmidt. "Solid solution behaviour of lower mantle minerals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 66, a1 (August 29, 2010): s43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767310099022.

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30

Göktürk, Sinem, R. Yeşim Talman, Neşe Erdinç, and Melda Tunçay. "Solution Behaviour of Rivanol in Micellar Environments." Spectroscopy Letters 39, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387010600803599.

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31

Boudina, A., C. Emmelin, A. Baaliouamer, M. F. Grenier-Loustalot, and J. M. Chovelon. "Photochemical behaviour of carbendazim in aqueous solution." Chemosphere 50, no. 5 (February 2003): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00620-3.

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32

Wilhelmsen, W., and T. Hurlen. "Passive behaviour of titanium in alkaline solution." Electrochimica Acta 32, no. 1 (January 1987): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(87)87013-5.

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33

Singh, Rajindar. "Polyamide polymer solution behaviour under chlorination conditions." Journal of Membrane Science 88, no. 2-3 (March 16, 1994): 285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(94)87015-2.

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34

Whitby, M., and M. L. McLaws. "Hand hygiene: the behaviour is the solution." Journal of Hospital Infection 67, no. 3 (November 2007): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2007.08.001.

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35

Boule, P., C. Richard, K. David-Oudjehani, and G. Grabner. "Photochemical behaviour of halophenols in aqueous solution." Journal of Chemical Sciences 109, no. 6 (December 1997): 509–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02869210.

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36

Radford, Andrew N., and Tim W. Fawcett. "Negotiating a stable solution for vigilance behaviour." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1743 (July 11, 2012): 3633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1210.

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37

Gómez, J., J. I. Gardiazábal, R. Schrebler, H. Gómez, and R. Córdova. "Electrochemical behaviour of rhenium in aqueous solution." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 260, no. 1 (February 1989): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(89)87103-7.

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38

Pinkas, Jiří, and John G. Verkade. "Dimethylamino gallatrane: Solution and gas phase behaviour." Polyhedron 15, no. 9 (May 1996): 1567–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-5387(95)00496-3.

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39

Mitra, Sandeep K., Vikesh Kumar, and P. Sanyal. "Conductometric behaviour of salts in sugar solution." Sugar Tech 12, no. 2 (June 2010): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-010-0023-7.

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40

Palit, D. K., H. Pal, T. Mukherjee, and J. P. Mittal. "Anisotropic rotational behaviour of quinizarin in solution." Chemical Physics 126, no. 2-3 (November 1988): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(88)85052-3.

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41

Gabriel, Camelia, and Edward Grant. "Dielectric behaviour of frozen DNA in solution." Bioelectromagnetics 20, S4 (1999): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(1999)20:4+<40::aid-bem6>3.0.co;2-k.

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42

Gu, Yu, and Christopher Henderson. "Long-time behaviour for a nonlocal model from directed polymers." Nonlinearity 36, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 902–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/aca9b3.

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Abstract We consider the long time behaviour of solutions to a nonlocal reaction diffusion equation that arises in the study of directed polymers in a random environment. The model is characterized by convolution with a kernel R and an L 2 inner product. In one spatial dimension, we extend a previous result of the authors (arXiv:2002.02799), where only the case R = δ was considered; in particular, we show that solutions spread according to a 2 / 3 power law consistent with the KPZ scaling conjectured for directed polymers. In the special case when R = δ , we find the exact profile of the solution in the rescaled coordinates. We also consider the behaviour in higher dimensions. When the dimension is three or larger, we show that the long-time behaviour is the same as the heat equation in the sense that the solution converges to a standard Gaussian. In contrast, when the dimension is two, we construct a non-Gaussian self-similar solution.

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43

Tang, Qingnong, Peter A. Munro, and Owen J. McCarthy. "Rheology of whey protein concentrate solutions as a function of concentration, temperature, pH and salt concentration." Journal of Dairy Research 60, no. 3 (August 1993): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029900027692.

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SummaryRheological properties of whey protein concentrate (WPG) solutions were studied in steady shear, using a Bohlin VOR Rheometer, as a function of concentration, temperature, shear rate, shearing time, pH, salt type, salt concentration and solution age. At 22 °C and pH 7, the WPC solutions exhibited Newtonian behaviour up to a concentration of 10% total solids, pseudoplastic behaviour between 10 and 30% and time-dependent shear thinning at 35% and above. The apparent viscosity of solutions at 22 °C and pH 7 was linearly related to concentration up to 8%. The effect of temperature on apparent viscosity in the range 5–60 °C was closely described by the Arrhenius equation. The viscosities of WPC solutions were independent of solution age in the pH range 4–8 at all concentrations up to and including 20%, the precise pH range narrowing as concentration increased. At pH values above or below this range apparent viscosity became dependent on both pH and solution age, the age effect becoming more marked at higher WPC concentrations. Apparent viscosity at pH 7 increased markedly with both CaCl2 concentration and solution age at concentrations above 0·6 M-CaCl2, the age effect in this case increasing with CaCl2 concentration. In contrast, NaCl concentrations of up to 0·8 M-NaCl had little effect on apparent viscosity. The rheological behaviour of WPC solutions changed from time-independent to time-dependent shear thinning at high concentration, at extreme pH values, at high CaCl2 concentration (after ageing) and on heating to above ∼ 60 °C. This change is considered to be caused by the formation of structure in solutions; a 40% solution (at 22 °C and pH 6·75) exhibited classic thixotropic behaviour in a step–shear rate experiment.

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Jia, Su Qiu, Wen Ke Gao, and Zhan Kui Zhao. "Corrosion Behaviour of Mg-7.3Al Alloy in Buffered Chloride Solutions." Materials Science Forum 686 (June 2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.686.11.

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The Corrosion behaviour of Mg-7.3Al alloy in buffered chloride solutions was investigated in the paper. The corrosion resistances of Mg-7.3Al alloy were evaluated in different borate capacity and pH by immersion test and polarization curves. The influences of immersion time, pH and buffer borate capacity were analyzed. The results revealed that the corrosion rate of Mg-7.3Al alloy depends on the pH of corrosive solution and has no relationship with buffer capacity. In the pH 6.5 and 2g / L buffer solution, the morphologies of Mg-7.3Al alloy consist of porous pits and protuberant second phases. There are seriously corroded area and macro-uncorroded area or protuberant second phases on the sample surface. The corossion potentials of the mg alloy is kept the same value in the pH 9 solution, regardless of borate capacity is 1g/Lor 2g/L, which are higher than that in the neutural chloride solution or acid solution (pH=6.5). Borate may play an inhibition role for mg alloy by the quick corrosion test of polarisation curves.

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45

Ladas, G., and Y. G. Sficas. "Oscilations of higher-order neutral equations." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 27, no. 4 (April 1986): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000005105.

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AbstractSufficient conditions are given for the occurrence of various types of asymptotic behaviour in the solution of a class of n th order neutral delay differential equations. The conditions are in the form of certain inequalities amongst the constants involved in the definition of the differential equations, and specify either oscillatory behavior, or asymptotic divergence, or solutions which converge to zero.

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46

KARATAŞ, Mukaddes. "Investigation on the Flow Behaviour of Agar Solution and Rheological Modelling." Cumhuriyet Science Journal 44, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.1068886.

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In this study, the effect of shear rate, agar concentration (15-35 kg/m3) and temperature (30-60°C) on the apparent viscosity of the agar solution was investigated. Apparent viscosities at different shear rates were determined using a rotational viscometer. The findings show that the apparent viscosity decreasing with a rise of shear rate increased with increasing concentration. An increase in the tempearture, on the other hand, led to a decrease in the apparent viscosity. To illustrate both temperature and concentration changes together, the Bingham, power law, and Casson models were utilized in choosing the most suitable model. When the models were compared using statistical tests, the most compatible model was found to be the power-law model. The consistency coefficient and flow behaviour index calculated using the power law model showed that agar solutions exhibited shear-thinning flow behavior (pseudoplastic). This study suggests that power law, within the ranges of the temperature and concentration studied could be used to estimate the viscosity of the agar solutions in the applications requiring the knowledge of flow behavior.

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47

Nishiwaki, Takumi, Shaojun Zhou, Masaharu Yamasaki, Yuko Ogawa, and Kenji Kawai. "Effect of co-existing ions on lead leaching behaviour from hardened cement paste." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819501007.

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Recently, in the concrete field, the use of industrial wastes for concrete materials is expected for environmental reasons. However, these wastes may contain hazardous heavy metals. It is well known that cement paste has an ability to fix heavy metal ions, whereas it was also found that absorbed heavy metal ions can easily leach from cement paste in the presence of a CaCl2 solution. The present study aims to investigate the lead leaching behaviours from hardened cement pastes in various chloride solutions by tank leaching tests. The water-to-cement ratios of the cement paste specimens were 0.40 and 0.55. Lead was added to the cement pastes at 1 mass% of cement. Each chloride solution for the tank leaching test had three kinds of concentrations (5%, 10%, and 20%). After the tank leaching tests, the chemical changes of the specimens were analysed to discuss the effect of co-existing ions in the solutions. The results indicate that the cumulative lead leaching amount is related to the types of chloride solution as well as the concentrations of the solutions. The lead leaching amount in the CaCl2 solution was much higher than that in other solutions.

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48

Ssali, Sarah, Glenn Wagner, Christopher Tumwine, Annette Nannungi, and Harold Green. "HIV Clients as Agents for Prevention: A Social Network Solution." AIDS Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/815823.

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HIV prevention efforts to date have not explored the potential for persons living with HIV to act as change agents for prevention behaviour in their social networks. Using egocentric social network analysis, this study examined the prevalence and social network correlates of prevention advocacy behaviours (discussing HIV in general; encouraging abstinence or condom use, HIV testing, and seeking HIV care) enacted by 39 HIV clients in Uganda. Participants engaged in each prevention advocacy behaviour with roughly 50–70% of the members in their network. The strongest determinant of engaging in prevention advocacy with more of one’s network members was having a greater proportion of network members who knew one’s HIV seropositive status, as this was associated with three of the four advocacy behaviours. These findings highlight the potential for PLHA to be key change agents for HIV prevention within their networks and the importance of HIV disclosure in facilitating prevention advocacy.

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Faridi, Waqas Ali, Muhammad Imran Asjad, and Sayed M. Eldin. "Exact Fractional Solution by Nucci’s Reduction Approach and New Analytical Propagating Optical Soliton Structures in Fiber-Optics." Fractal and Fractional 6, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract6110654.

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This study examines the Chen–Lee–Liu dynamical equation, which represents the propagation of optical pulses in optical fibers and plasma. A new extended direct algebraic technique and Nucci’s scheme are used to find new solitary wave profiles. The method covers thirty-seven solitonic wave profiles, including approximately all soliton families, in an efficient and generic manner. New solitonic wave patterns are obtained, including a plane solution, mixed hyperbolic solution, periodic and mixed periodic solutions, mixed trigonometric solution, trigonometric solution, shock solution, mixed shock singular solution, mixed singular solution, complex solitary shock solution, singular solution and shock wave solutions. The exact fractional solution is obtained using Nucci’s reduction approach. The impact of the fractional order parameter on the solution is considered using both mathematical expressions and graphical visualization. The fractional order parameter is responsible for controlling the singularity of the solution which is graphically displayed. A sensitivity analysis was used to predict the sensitivity of equations with respect to initial conditions. To demonstrate the pulse propagation characteristics, while taking suitable values for the parameters involved, 2-D, 3-D, and contour graphics of the outcomes achieved are presented. The influence of the fractional order ζ is shown graphically. A periodic-singular wave with lower amplitude and dark-singular behaviour is inferred from the graphical behaviour of the trigonometric function solution H1 and the rational function solution H34 from the obtained solutions, respectively.

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Natali, Agnese, Francesco Morelli, and Walter Salvatore. "Experimental behaviour of optimized hybrid coupled shear walls." ce/papers 6, no. 3-4 (September 2023): 2321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2666.

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AbstractThis paper shows the experimental structural behaviour of an optimized solution for hybrid coupled shear walls, which are seismic‐resistant systems composed of a reinforced concrete wall, with two side steel columns connected by beams ‐ the dissipative element. The optimized solution is proposed to upgrade the global behaviour of the system, with the aim of reducing the bending moment at the base of the reinforced concrete wall. Indeed, previous experimental tests demonstrated that the wall may suffer from early cracking at the base, despite the possibility of controlling the base bending moment thanks to properly balancing stiffness and resistance of the different components of the system. The optimized solution is numerically developed and designed with the philosophy of redistributing bending at the base of the wall by removing the lateral portions of the concrete and replacing them with a couple of steel hinged profiles, to control the deformations and absorb the torque. The central concrete part of the wall is kept but reduced to the minimum, to transfer the shear, only, reaching closely hinged‐like conditions. Two different solutions are proposed for the central reduced part of the wall: in the first case, the cross section is gradually reduced to the base, while in the second one, the wall is connected through a steel pin to the base. Both solutions are tested under monotonic load for a preliminary assessment of the actual benefits at the base of the wall compared to the original proposal.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solution behaviour'

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