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1
Mackay, Duncan James. "Behaviour of rutile in aqueous aminoalcohol solution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11084.
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Swanson, Linda. "Fluorescence studies of polymer behaviour in solution." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/943.
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Hewett, Kylie. "The viscosity behaviour of polymethacrylates in solution." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333562.
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Fitzgerald, Paul A. "Solution behaviour of polyethylene oxide, nonionic gemini surfactants." Connect to full text, 2002. http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/adt/public_html/adt-NU/public/adt-NU20031219.162500/index.html.
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Brown, Paul. "Solution behaviour of zinc (II) bis(0,0'-dialkyldithiophosphates)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276185.
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FitzGerald, Paul Anthony. "Solution Behaviour of Polyethylene Oxide, Nonionic Gemini Surfactants." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/504.
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In recent years there has been increasing interest in novel forms of surfactants. Of particular interest are gemini surfactants, which consist of two conventional surfactants joined by a spacer at the head groups, as they exhibit lower critical micelle concentrations than can be achieved by conventional surfactants. In this work, the self-assembly behaviour of several nonionic gemini surfactants with polyethylene oxide head groups (GemnEm, where n (= 20) is the number of carbons per tail and m (= 10, 15, 20 and 30) is the number of ethylene oxides per head group) were investigated. The Critical Micelle Concentrations (CMCs) were measured using a fluorescence probe technique. The CMCs are all ~2 x 10?7 M, with almost no variation with m. The CMCs are several orders of magnitude lower than conventional C12Em nonionic surfactants. The mixing behaviour of the gemini surfactants with conventional surfactants was also studied. They obeyed ideal mixing behaviour with both ionic and nonionic surfactants. Micelle morphologies were studied using Small Angle Neutron Scattering. The gemini surfactants with the larger head groups (i.e. Gem20E20 and Gem20E30) formed spherical micelles. Gem20E15 showed strong scattering at low Q, characteristic of elongated micelles. As the temperature was increased towards the cloud point, the scattering approached the Q-1 dependence predicted for infinite, straight rods. The existence of anisotropic micelles was supported by the viscosity of Gem20E15, which increases by several orders of magnitude on heating towards its cloud point. Phase behaviour was determined using Diffusive Interfacial Transport coupled to near-infrared spectroscopy. Much of the behaviour of these systems is similar to conventional nonionic surfactants. For example, Gem20E10 forms a dilute liquid isotropic phase (W) coexisting with a concentrated lamellar phase (La) at around room temperature and forms a sponge phase at higher temperatures. This is similar to the behaviour of C12E3 and C12E4. The other surfactants studied are all quite soluble in water and form liquid isotropic and hexagonal phases from room temperature. At higher concentrations Gem20E15 formed a cubic and then a lamellar phase while Gem20E20 formed a cubic phase and then an intermediate phase. This is also comparable to the phase behaviour of conventional nonionic surfactants except the intermediate phase, which is often only observed for surfactant systems with long alkyl tails.
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FitzGerald, Paul Anthony. "Solution Behaviour of Polyethylene Oxide, Nonionic Gemini Surfactants." University of Sydney. Chemistry, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/504.
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In recent years there has been increasing interest in novel forms of surfactants. Of particular interest are gemini surfactants, which consist of two conventional surfactants joined by a spacer at the head groups, as they exhibit lower critical micelle concentrations than can be achieved by conventional surfactants. In this work, the self-assembly behaviour of several nonionic gemini surfactants with polyethylene oxide head groups (GemnEm, where n (= 20) is the number of carbons per tail and m (= 10, 15, 20 and 30) is the number of ethylene oxides per head group) were investigated. The Critical Micelle Concentrations (CMCs) were measured using a fluorescence probe technique. The CMCs are all ~2 x 10?7 M, with almost no variation with m. The CMCs are several orders of magnitude lower than conventional C12Em nonionic surfactants. The mixing behaviour of the gemini surfactants with conventional surfactants was also studied. They obeyed ideal mixing behaviour with both ionic and nonionic surfactants. Micelle morphologies were studied using Small Angle Neutron Scattering. The gemini surfactants with the larger head groups (i.e. Gem20E20 and Gem20E30) formed spherical micelles. Gem20E15 showed strong scattering at low Q, characteristic of elongated micelles. As the temperature was increased towards the cloud point, the scattering approached the Q-1 dependence predicted for infinite, straight rods. The existence of anisotropic micelles was supported by the viscosity of Gem20E15, which increases by several orders of magnitude on heating towards its cloud point. Phase behaviour was determined using Diffusive Interfacial Transport coupled to near-infrared spectroscopy. Much of the behaviour of these systems is similar to conventional nonionic surfactants. For example, Gem20E10 forms a dilute liquid isotropic phase (W) coexisting with a concentrated lamellar phase (La) at around room temperature and forms a sponge phase at higher temperatures. This is similar to the behaviour of C12E3 and C12E4. The other surfactants studied are all quite soluble in water and form liquid isotropic and hexagonal phases from room temperature. At higher concentrations Gem20E15 formed a cubic and then a lamellar phase while Gem20E20 formed a cubic phase and then an intermediate phase. This is also comparable to the phase behaviour of conventional nonionic surfactants except the intermediate phase, which is often only observed for surfactant systems with long alkyl tails.
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Said-mohamed, Cynthia. "Thermosensitive gold nanoparticles : solution optical properties and interfacial behaviour." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684389.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de contrôler les propriétés optiques des nanoparticules d'or greffées de polymère en modulant les propriétés structurales de la couche protectrice de polymères. Des nanoparticules greffées de polymères thermosensibles avec une large gamme de masse molaire et différents degrés d'hydrophobicité sont synthétisées par la méthode de " grafting-to ". La DNPA est utilisée pour caractériser les propriétés structurales de la couche protectrice de polymère. Les spectres d'absorption sont modélisés en utilisant la théorie de Mie. Nous démontrons que la sensibilité de la SPR à la propriété diélectrique du solvant diminue progressivement avec la fraction volumique de la couche de polymère jusqu'à devenir quasi-nulle; dans ce dernier cas de figure, la SPR est dite " gelée " par la couche de polymère. Un déplacement significatif de la bande de SPR vers le rouge est induit (un changement de couleur se produit) dû à une transition de collapse de la couche de polymère avec la température. La gamme de température pour induire ce déplacement dépend du degré d'hydrophobicité du polymère et de la salinité. Une partie important de cette thèse est également consacrée aux propriétés des nanoparticules d'or greffées de polymères à l'interface air-eau. La technique de Langmuir est utilisée pour former des films minces dont la distance entre particule est contrôlée par la compression, la longueur des chaînes du polymère greffé et la température. Les propriétés structurales des films minces sont étudiées en déterminant la conformation de la couche de polymère greffée et l'organisation du cœur de l'or par la réflectivité de neutron et de X, respectivement. Les mesures de réflectivité nous permettent également d'évaluer et d'améliorer la stabilité des films minces pour un meilleur control de la distance entre particule, aspect important pour l'optimisation de la SPR. Enfin, les propriétés optiques des nanoparticules d'or à l'interface sont mesurées par des mesures de transmission.
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Simpkin, Neil John. "Solution behaviour and phase-phase diffusion of microbial lipases." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387207.
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Wates, Julia M. "Solution behaviour of cationic surfactants relevant to industrial applications." Thesis, University of Salford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258424.
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Said-Mohamed, Cynthia. "Thermosensitive gold nanoparticles : solution optical properties and interfacial behaviour." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112235/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de contrôler les propriétés optiques des nanoparticules d’or greffées de polymère en modulant les propriétés structurales de la couche protectrice de polymères. Des nanoparticules greffées de polymères thermosensibles avec une large gamme de masse molaire et différents degrés d’hydrophobicité sont synthétisées par la méthode de « grafting-to ». La DNPA est utilisée pour caractériser les propriétés structurales de la couche protectrice de polymère. Les spectres d’absorption sont modélisés en utilisant la théorie de Mie. Nous démontrons que la sensibilité de la SPR à la propriété diélectrique du solvant diminue progressivement avec la fraction volumique de la couche de polymère jusqu’à devenir quasi-nulle; dans ce dernier cas de figure, la SPR est dite « gelée » par la couche de polymère. Un déplacement significatif de la bande de SPR vers le rouge est induit (un changement de couleur se produit) dû à une transition de collapse de la couche de polymère avec la température. La gamme de température pour induire ce déplacement dépend du degré d’hydrophobicité du polymère et de la salinité. Une partie important de cette thèse est également consacrée aux propriétés des nanoparticules d’or greffées de polymères à l’interface air-eau. La technique de Langmuir est utilisée pour former des films minces dont la distance entre particule est contrôlée par la compression, la longueur des chaînes du polymère greffé et la température. Les propriétés structurales des films minces sont étudiées en déterminant la conformation de la couche de polymère greffée et l’organisation du cœur de l’or par la réflectivité de neutron et de X, respectivement. Les mesures de réflectivité nous permettent également d’évaluer et d’améliorer la stabilité des films minces pour un meilleur control de la distance entre particule, aspect important pour l’optimisation de la SPR. Enfin, les propriétés optiques des nanoparticules d’or à l’interface sont mesurées par des mesures de transmissionIn this thesis, the objective is to control the polymer-grafted gold nanoparticles optical properties (SPR) by tuning the protecting polymer shell structural properties. Gold nanoparticles grafted with thermosensitive polymers with a large range of molecular masses and different degrees of hydrophobicity are synthesized by “grafting-to” technique. SANS is employed to characterize the protecting polymer shell structural properties. The absorption spectra are modeled using the Mie Dipolar theory. It is shown that the gold nanoparticle sensitivity to external solvent is progressively reduced with increasing polymer volume fraction of the nanocomposite until the SPR is frozen by the polymer shell. In this case, the SPR mode becomes insensitive to the dielectric properties of the solvent. SPR is also red-shifted (a color change occurs) by thermally inducing the collapse of the polymer shell. The temperature and the extent of the red-shift are controlled by the graft polymer hydrophobicity and salinity. An important part of this thesis is also dedicated to the polymer-protected gold nanoparticles behaviour at the air-water interface. The Langmuir balance technique is used to build interfacial layers whose interparticle distance is modulated by compression, polymer graft chain length and temperature. The interfacial layer structural properties are determined by studying both the polymer graft layer conformation and the gold core organization with neutron and X-ray reflectivities. These reflectivitity measurements also enable us to evaluate and ameliorate the surface layers stability for a better control of the interparticle distance that is important for optimizing the SPR of the surface layer
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Westberg, Stig-Björn. "Sintering behaviour of α and β solid solution sialons." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16900.
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Some ceramics have the ability to form solid solutions. One such group are the sialons, which contain silicon, aluminium, oxygen and nitrogen in specific proportions. Through a stabilizing process with yttrium, not only beta-sialons but also alfa-sialons can be produced. The basic difference between these two is in the two different crystal structures of the silicon nitride. This type of ceramic is usually produced by the sintering of powder mixtures at temperatures up to 1850ºC, during which complicated chemical reactions take place through a liquid phase. During sintering, the material is densified to a pore free body, characterized by high hardness, chemical inertness, high oxidation resistance and high strength at elevated temperature. Alfa- and beta-sialons with four different compositions were studied by means of high temperature sintering dilatometry. This allowed in situ studies of the densification process to be made during sintering. The compositions used werebeta-10 = Si5.23Al0.77O0.68N7.23, beta-60 = Si2Al4O4N4, alfa-33 = Y0.33Si10.51Al1.49O0.5 N15.51 and alfa-45 = Y0.45Si9.98Al2.02O0.68N15.32 .Reaction routes were determined by interrupted sintering with specimens cooled from different temperatures as well as the influence of the heating rate on the material phase composition and densification. In addition, the extent to which it is possible to control the densification by the heating rate profile was also established. Experiments were carried out in which specimens sintered with constant rate of heating were compared with specimens from sintering cycles established from a predetermined profile for the densification rate. The transient liquid which occures during the earliest stage of densification exists for only a short period of time during which only minor densification takes place. Instead, a sialon with specific composition apparently independent of the powder composition was precipitated from the liquid. This process largly absorbes the transient liquid. The composition of this first formed sialon is Si2.5Al3.5O3.5N4.5 for beta-sialon, and between Y0.40Si10.20Al1.80O0.6ON15.4 0 and Y0.50Si9.75Al2.25O0.75N15.25 for alfa-sialon. After this, the process continues by solution of the first formed sialon and alfa-Si3N4 from the powder, together with precipitation of a sialon with lower amount of additives. During this part of the reaction the main densification takes place. The densification behaviour of the high alloyed beta-60 composition differs from that of the others. Instead of densifying when the first liquid was formed, the greenbody started to expand. This is explained by the entrapment of gasses, evolved due to chemical reactions. The chemical composition of the phases formed contribute to the formation of a large amount of liquid during the early stages of sintering. The expansion continues until the material is completely transformed to beta-ss, whereafter it densifies rapidly. The densification is made possible by the completion of the transformation to beta-ss which reduces the amount of liquid phase and lets the evolved gas pass through the porous structure. The reactions taking place during sintering results in different phases being dissolved and precipitated which causes the composition of the liquid phase to change during densification. These different processes results in characteristic changes of the densification rate during sintering. Application of rate controlled sintering showed that it was possible to obtain a predetermined densification rate profile. However, depending on the composition, the densification rate profile which increases the bending strength of the beta-10 composition failed to do so for the beta-60 composition. Fractography revealed large pores to be the strength limiting defect. The results show that more than just the densification rate determine the optimum sintering programme. Depending on the composition, which leads to different reactions and structure during sintering, different sialons must be sintered with different sintering programmes to achieve optimum properties.Godkänd; 1992; 20070429 (ysko)
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Gupta, Deepika. "Influence of solution properties on electrospinning behaviour of biocompatible polymers." Thesis, IIT Delhi, 2016. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/7218.
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Lucas, David M. "Luminescence studies of polymer behaviour in the solution and solid states." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334750.
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Beyrouthy, Camille. "Models, solution methods and threshold behaviour for the teaching space allocation problem." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10576/.
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Universities have to manage their teaching space, and plan future needs. Their efforts are frequently hampered by, capital and maintenance costs, on one hand, pedagogical and teaching services on the other. The efficiency of space usage, can be measured by the utilisation: the percentage of available seat-hours actually used. The observed utilisation, in many institutions, is unacceptably low, and this provides our main underlying motivation: To address and assess some of the major factors that affect teaching space usage in the hope of improving it in practise. Also, when performing space management, managers operate within a limited number and capacity of lecture theatres, tutorial rooms, etc. Hence, some teaching activities require splitting into different groups. For example, lectures being too large to fit in any one room and seminars/tutorials being taught in small groups for good teaching practise. This thesis forms the cornerstone of ongoing research to illuminate issues stemming from poorly utilised space and studies the nature of constraints that underlies those low levels of utilisation. We give quantitative evidence that constraints related to timetabling are major players in pushing down utilisation levels and also, devise "Dynamic Splitting" algorithms to illustrate the effects of splitting on utilisation levels. We showed the existence of threshold between phases where splitting and allocation is "always possible" to ones where "it's never possible", hence, introducing a practical application of Phase Transition to space planning and management. We have also worked on the long-term planning aspect of teaching space and proposed methods to improve the future expected utilisation.
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Sirotkin, Rostislav Olegovich. "The effect of morphology on the yield behaviour of solution crystallised polyethylenes." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391910.
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Flood, Joseph. "Solution and liquid crystalline properties of sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate/water mixtures." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/solution-and-liquid-crystalline-properties-of-sodium-lauroyl-methyl-isethionatewater-mixtures(d9f043f2-3ca6-4a13-b3f0-d5d5eae83bfc).html.
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The project contributes to the general theme of complex chemical systems and strengthens ties with Innospec, a multi-national chemical company. Sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate (SLMI. Trade name “Iselux”) is a newly developed surfactant with attractive product properties for personal care applications. Little is known about the fundamental surface and solution properties of SLMI, and it is not currently possible to use information on available surfactants to predict phase behaviour. We characterise the solution and liquid crystalline phase behaviour of the SLMI/water system using a combination of optical microscopy, X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. SLMI is synthesised using a batch process that leads to variable component concentrations. Preliminary studies conducted by Innospec indicate that the presence of particular process components has a significant influence on SLMI formulation rheological properties. We investigate the effects of synthesis-derived components on the rheological properties of the SLMI/sodium {(3-(dodecanoylamino)propyl)(dimethyl)ammonio)}acetate/water system using rheology and light scattering (static and dynamic) techniques. SLMI is often formulated into personal care products on mixing aqueous formulation components. Micelle growth occurs via a mechanistic process that is not understood and the equilibrium viscosity is attained at a time after mixing that ranges from seconds to weeks. Developing an improved understanding of the micelle growth mechanism is of both academic and industrial value. We utilise static light scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to probe a range of samples in the viscoelastic region of the SLMI/(carboxymethyl)hexadecyldimethyl ammonium hydroxide/water system. Experimental findings improve our current understanding of micelle growth process and provide a platform for future research on non-equilibrium mixing kinetics. In the final section we investigate salt-induced cloud point and precipitation phenomena in the SLMI/salt/water system. The cloud point is commonly observed in surfactant and protein systems by increasing the solution temperature above a critical value, resulting in phase separation of solute-rich and solute-depleted layers. Cloud point induced phase separation may also be prompted by addition of salt. The mechanistic process driving electrolyte-induced cloud point phenomena is not understood. We use a combination of turbidimetry measurements and lightscattering (static and dynamic) techniques to measure cloud point curves andcharacterise micellar behaviour prior to clouding.
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Oliveira, Luis C. R. "Designing and evaluating a behaviour change intervention that introduces modification of time perceptions as a solution to promote sustainable behaviours." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14482.
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This research presents the design and evaluation of an intervention that introduces modification of time perceptions as one of the solutions to promote sustainable behaviours. It is demonstrated in this thesis that unnecessary energy use is often caused by temporal tensions, defined as the relation between actions to be performed and available time. This research proposes that it is possible to deliberately reduce temporal tensions, and this can motivate people to behave more sustainably. Persuasive technology and human-computer interaction provided the tools needed to manipulate time perceptions and therefore bring about changes in the specific behaviours that result in unnecessary energy usage. Previous studies indicate that behaviours play an important role in energy consumption. From the different domains of energy use that could be examined, cooking was chosen to be the platform where the studies on behaviour change and energy use would take place. How behaviours influence energy use motivated the design of empirical studies to understand behaviours related to domestic energy use and identify what are the determinants of these behaviours. Each determinant was related to a strategy to be included on a behaviour change intervention. A wider survey was developed to understand students acceptance of a set of proposed energy saving techniques, and resulted in a vast volume of information about user preferences and intentions to perform the suggested energy saving behaviours for cooking. It emerged that participants rushed into the cooking tasks without much deliberation, consequently not following preparation procedures and thus using more energy. Information gathered during the first studies also showed that participants behaviours were partially motivated by the need to speed up the cooking process in order to reduce boredom when they were waiting for the food to cook, consequently resulting in extra energy usage. The knowledge gathered from the preceding steps and a literature review informed the design of strategies to modify the non-sustainable behaviours and promote energy saving. A user-centred design process involving an idea generation session and scenario analysis was used to provide a set of strategies to be embedded in an intervention, containing the specific methods to tackle the correspondent determinants of behaviours. The specific needs of the cooking activity indicated that an electronic intervention was an adequate platform to be implemented and tested. Two high resolution working prototypes of the electronic interventions were developed as mobile phone applications. The final study comprised the evaluation of the proposed interventions in improving aspects of the cooking activity, the acceptance of the interventions and effectiveness in promoting energy saving.
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Kemppainen, J. (Jukka). "Behaviour of the boundary potentials and boundary integral solution of the time fractional diffusion equation." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514261329.
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Abstract
The dissertation considers the time fractional diffusion equation (TFDE) with the Dirichlet boundary condition in the sub-diffusion case, i.e. the order of the time derivative is α ∈ (0,1). In the thesis we have studied the solvability of TFDE by the method of layer potentials. We have shown that both the single layer potential and the double layer potential approaches lead to integral equations which are uniquely solvable.
The dissertation consists of four articles and a summary section. The first article presents the solution for the time fractional diffusion equation in terms of the single layer potential. In the second and third article we have studied the boundary behaviour of the layer potentials for TFDE. The fourth paper considers the spline collocation method to solve the boundary integral equation related to TFDE.
In the summary part we have proved that TFDE has a unique solution and the solution is
given by the double layer potential when the lateral boundary of a bounded domain admits
C1 regularity. Also, we have proved that the
solution depends continuously on the datum in the sense that a nontangential maximal
function of the solution is norm bounded from above by the datum in
L2(ΣT).
If the datum belongs to the space
H1,α/2(ΣT),
we have proved that the nontangential function of the gradient of the solution is
norm bounded from above by the datum in
H1,α/2(ΣT).
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Adam, Catherine. "Molecular balances for measuring non-covalent interactions in solution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16466.
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Non-covalent interactions in solution are subject to modulation by surrounding solvent molecules. This thesis presents two experimental molecular balances that have been used to quantify solvent effects on non-covalent interactions, including electrostatic and dispersion interactions. The first chapter introduces literature where non-covalent interactions have been studied in a range of solvents, particularly those where the effects of aqueous or fluorous solvents have been investigated. These solvents are of particular interest as they both invoke solvophobic effects on organic molecules, but have differing chemical and physical properties. The second chapter describes the adaptation of the Wilcox molecular torsion balance to study interactions between organic and fluorinated carbon chains in a range of solvents. Solvent cohesion was found to be the principle force driving both the alkyl and fluorous chains together in aqueous solvents, where no contribution to the interaction energy arising from dispersion forces could be detected. In fluorous and polar organic solvents evidence was found for weak favourable dispersion interactions between the alkyl chains. In contrast dispersion forces between the chains were found to be disrupted by competitive van der Waals interactions with surrounding solvent molecules in apolar organic solvents. Association of the fluorous chains was found to be solely driven by solvent cohesion. The final chapter describes the design and synthesis of a novel synthetic molecular-balance framework and describes its application to simultaneously measure solvent and substituent effects on the position of conformational equilibria. Despite the simplicity of the model system, surprisingly complicated behaviour emerged from the interplay of conformational, intramolecular and solvent effects. Nonetheless, a large data set of experimental equilibrium constants was analysed using a simple solvent model, which was able to account for both the intuitive and more unusual patterns observed. A means of dissecting electrostatic and solvent effects to reveal pseudo gas-phase behaviour has resulted from the analysis of experimental data obtained in many solvents.
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Lam, Minh Thu. "Self-assembly of amphiphilic diblock co-oligomers in aqueous solution." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16535.
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Amphiphilic diblock co-oligomers are short block copolymers that maintain some of the desirable features of conventional surfactants such as water solubility and short equilibration times. The aqueous solubility of amphiphilic diblock co-oligomers is significantly better than long block copolymers, while their surface activities are similar to conventional surfactants. Amphiphilic diblock co-oligomers composed of a common acrylic acid hydrophilic block (AA) (5 to 10 units of acrylic acid) and a hydrophobic block (n-butyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate or ethyl acrylate) were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. Self-assembly of BA5AA5, tBAxAA5 (x = 5, 7 or 10) and EAyAA5 (y = 5, 10 or 20) co-oligomers into micelles and liquid crystals, i.e. hexagonal phase (H1), cubic (I1) and lamellar phase (L), was studied using polarizing optical microscopy, small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), fluorescence with pyrene as a probe and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The self-assembled structures of these co-oligomers were also studied in monovalent and divalent salt solutions using SANS. The morphology of co-oligomer aggregations depend on the added salt concentration and the valency of counter ions, i.e. mono- or divalent. Moreover, these co-oligomer micelles can synergistically mix with sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles, based on the results from pyrene fluorescence and SANS. The self-assembly of these co-oligomers has allow us to design a smart material responsive to stimuli and changes in solution such as the degree of ionization of acrylic acid block, the length and structure of the hydrophobic block, the addition of salt or surfactant. By controlling these parameters, the self-assembly of the co-oligomers can be varied and even be switched from insoluble to soluble in water. These properties have promised for potential applications of these co-oligomers in industry, e.g. surfactants, detergents and drug delivery agents.
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Das, Samir. "Investigation of solution behaviour and inclusion complexation of some noteworthy compounds with the manifestation of assorted interactions prevalent in aqueous and non-aqueous systems." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4788.
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Hallworth, Georgina Louise. "Exploring the influence of structural variation on the solution and solid-state behaviour of cyanine dyes." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72960/.
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Cyanine dyes are well known and extensively studied molecules. The preparations and investigations of a wide range of dyes have been previously reported. Here several novel and known compounds have been synthesised to investigate the effect molecular structure has on their bulk-solution and solid-state behaviour. The preparations of sulfur-containing tri- and monomethine dyes were more reliable, hence the majority of these studies concerned sulfur analogues. Successful crystallisation of these products resulted in many novel crystal structures being obtained and compared. The monomethine dyes provided a simple, systematic study which could be analysed revealing relationships between the structures. The trimethine x-ray structural studies were less systematic but more varied. Despite many more structures being required, it appears that the prediction of packing structures may be possible from the molecular structure. In aqueous solution cyanine dyes are known to form supramolecular-type aggregates with and without the presence of inorganic salts. The aggregation process of several trimethine dyes was found to be accelerated by the anion of inorganic salts with di- and trivalent anions being more efficient than monovalent anions. Simple oxygen containing dyes were found not to aggregate even in the presence of salts, this suggests that the heteroatom has a crucial role in the aggregation process. The aggregation process was affected by molecular structure but these effects were not noticeable when concerned with the fluorescence yield. Electronic Lab Notebooks (ELN) have become successful in commercial companies but less so in academia. An ELN package designed primarily for use in a university research environment has been newly developed. This project involved trailing this product to test the system and provide feedback about the use. Several issues were recognized to affect the way the package functioned, but areas where improvements could be made were identified.
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Sarkar, Abhijit. "Solution behaviour of some food additions and drugs in different aqueous media : a physico-chemical study." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2016. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2597.
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Won, Jooyoung [Verfasser], and Gerald [Akademischer Betreuer] Brezesinski. "Dynamic and equilibrium adsorption behaviour of ß-lactoglobulin at the solution/tetradecane interface: Effect of solution concentration, pH and ionic strength / Jooyoung Won ; Betreuer: Gerald Brezesinski." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1218792973/34.
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Tran, Nam Hung. "Hydro-mechanical behavior of deep tunnels in anisotropic poroelastic medium." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2037/document.
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Les tunnels profonds sont souvent construits dans les roches sédimentaires et métamorphiques stratifiées qui présentent habituellement des propriétés anisotropes en raison de leur structure et des propriétés des constituants. Le présent travail vise à étudier les tunnels profonds dans un massif rocheux anisotrope élastique en portant une attention particulière sur les effets des couplages hydromécaniques par des approches analytiques et numériques. Une solution analytique pour un tunnel creusé dans un massif rocheux anisotrope saturé est développée en tenant compte du couplage hydro-mécanique dans le régime permanent. Cette solution analytique est utilisée pour réaliser une série d’études paramétriques afin d'évaluer les effets des différents paramètres du matériau anisotrope sur le comportement du tunnel. Dans un deuxième temps la solution analytique est élargie pour décrire le comportement du tunnel pendant la phase transitoire hydraulique. Afin de compléter ces études analytiques qui prennent en compte seulement un couplage unilatéral (dans le sens que seul le comportement hydraulique influence le comportement mécanique et pas l’inverse) de l’analyse numérique avec un couplage complet, ont été réalisés. Une application de la solution analytique sur la méthode de convergence-confinement est aussi bien abordée qui peut prendre en compte l'influence du front de taille du tunnel sur le travail du soutènement ainsi que sur le massif. La solution obtenue peut servir comme un outil de dimensionnement rapide des tunnels en milieux poreux en le combinant avec des approches de dimensionnement comme celle de convergence confinementDeep tunnels are often built in the sedimentary and metamorphic foliated rocks which exhibits usually the anisotropic properties due to the presence of the discontinuity. The analysis of rock and liner stresses due to tunnel construction with the assumption of homogeneous and isotropic rock would be incorrect. The present thesis aims to deal with the deep tunnel in anisotropic rock with a particular emphasis on the effects of hydraulic phenomenon on the mechanical responses or reciprocal effects of hydraulic and mechanical phenomena by combining analytical and numerical approach. On that point of view, a closed-formed solution for tunnel excavated in saturated anisotropic ground is developed taking into account the hydromechanical coupling in steady-state. Based on the analytical solution obtained, parametric studies are conducted to evaluate the effects of different parameters of the anisotropic material on the tunnel behavior. The thesis considers also to extend the analytical solution with a time-dependent behavior which takes into account the impact of the pore pressure distribution on mechanical response over time, i.e., one way coupling modeling. In addition, some numerical analysis based on fully-coupled modeling, i.e., two ways coupling, are conducted which are considered as the complete solution for the analytical solution. An application of the closed-form solution on convergence-confinement method is as well referred which can take into account the influence of the tunnel face on the work of the support as well as the massif. The obtained solution could be used as a quick tool to calibrate tunnels in porous media by combining with design approaches such as convergence-confinement method
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Alharbi, Ahmed. "Applied analytical techniques to study solution behaviour of TIPS-pentacene and 1,6-bis(pyren-1-ylthio)hexane." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/applied-analytical-techniques-to-study-solution-behaviour-of-tipspentacene-and-16bispyren1ylthiohexane(aeab6a0f-d63f-404b-8087-a332fa358ca1).html.
Full textAbstract:
Aggregation and cluster formation in solution is often found for molecules with extensive planar structures. This can affect properties ranging from photochemical stability, device structure and electronic properties in organic electronic materials to pipeline clogging and flow rheology in petrochemical extraction and production. Some analytical techniques can be sensitive to aggregation and photostability issues. In this thesis, a range of methods are applied to two scenarios: aggregation and stability of solutions and blends of bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) and in pyrene-based models for asphaltene systems. A common organic electronic material, pentacene has a very short half-life in solution with respect to photo-degradation. This behaviour can be attenuated markedly by derivatisation at the 6- and 13- positions, producing 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene, making this a more appropriate molecule for realistic devices. TIPS-pentacene does still decay photochemically in solution and the process has been shown to be concentration-dependent with greater stability at higher concentrations: it has been suggested that this may be due to the formation of aggregates. In this thesis, new measurements of the kinetics of TIPS-pentacene photo-degradation were obtained by 1H NMR spectroscopy and compared with more conventional UV-visible spectroscopic methods and fluorescence measurements. Diffusion-ordered (DOSY) NMR spectroscopy measurements were also made on TIPS-pentacene solutions and polymer blends, although this did not provide any convincing evidence for aggregation. However, the application of isothermal titration calorimetry did show effects which may be due to some aggregate dissociation at higher concentration. From this it is concluded that the timescale of the TIPS-pentacene self-aggregation or polymer interaction is likely to be much shorter than that of the NMR experiment. The NMR methods applied to TIPS-pentacene were also used to study the solvent- and concentration-dependent behaviour of 1,6-bis(pyren-1-ylthio)hexane (BPH), a potential model for asphaltenes that is simpler to study. 1H NMR measurements proved difficult because of the effects of solvent mixtures on the NMR methods. Generally, the DOSY NMR results obtained do not provide firm evidence for aggregation. Since these molecules are very likely to aggregate, this further suggests that aggregation and disaggregation may occur faster than the NMR time scale. In both cases, the results presented here show that all of these methods are to some extent sensitive to aggregation effects, but that care is needed in specific applications to choose methods which are (i) sufficiently sensitive at appropriate concentrations; (ii) not perturbed by concentration dependent phenomena; and (iii) not limited by timescales of the measurement.
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Aghamirian, M. Massoud. "Reactivity of sulfide minerals and its effect on gold dissolution and its electrochemical behaviour in cyanide solution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22438.pdf.
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Parry, Alison. "The Synthesis and Characterisation of Peg-Peptide Romp Polymers and their Self Assembly Behaviour in Aqueous Solution." Thesis, University of Kent, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499663.
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Giacobazzi, Greta. "Crystallization behaviour of poly(lactide) in immiscible blend with poly(ε-caprolactone), comparison with solution and melt-mixed blends." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14465/.
Full textAbstract:
Poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(carbonate) based copolymers, both block and random, were synthetized and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The copolymers have been tested as compatibilizers in 80/20 (w/w%) PLA/PCL blends prepared both by melt and solution mixing. The concentration of PCL-PC based copolymer added to the blends was 2 wt%. Compression moulded sheets and solvent cast films were evaluated by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography), TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), PLOM (Polarized Light Optical Microscopy), DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry). The addition of the copolymers does not cause an increased miscibility in PLA-PCL phases since a reduction of PCL particles size is not detected in SEM micrographs. At the same time, upon copolymers addition PLA’s Tg value does not decrease in both melt and solution mixed blends. Copolymers addition causes a reduction of molecular weight in melt mixed blends. In particular, the random copolymer (PCL-ran-PC) causes the highest reduction molecular weight in melt mixed blend, since it is characterized by the lower thermal stability as shown in TGA analysis. As result, PLA phase within melt mixed blends containing PCL-PC based copolymers shows a higher tendency to crystallize during both isothermal and non-isothermal DSC experiments. The increased crystallization of PLA phase is attributed to an increase in spherulitic growth kinetics determined by PLOM analysis. Upon molecular weight reduction in melt mixed blends containing copolymers, PLA chains have a higher mobility resulting in an improved motion towards the growing crystal front.
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Adam, Fatmawati Binti. "An examination into the influence and change of solution structure on the polymorphic behaviour of 2, 6-dihydroxybenzoic acid." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582520.
Full textAbstract:
Polymorphism is a major problem in the manufacturing of many active pharmaceutical ingredient solid crystals. 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid solute behaves differently depending on the type of the solvent used i.e., it might act as a H -bond donor or acceptor and result in three different solid forms. This PhD work is mainly to investigate and develop the effect of solvent structure on the 2, 6-dihydroxybenzoic acid polymorph through molecular modelling and experimental study approaches. About 23 types of wet and anhydrous solvents were carried out using the gravimetric method to study the solubility and the effect on the solid form of 2, 6-dihydroxybenzoic acid. The solid forms were characterized using an optical microscope, XRD, DSC and TGA. The existence of water in the solvent used gave a big impact on the formation of the monohydra~e polymorph. In addition, the MSZW studies were run in acetonitrile and ortho-xylene using the turbidity approach to investigate the effect on the nucleation of FII and FI respectively. Besides, the molecular dynamic work has been used to investigate the solution, molten liquid and solid phases. An interesting result from the experiment work concluded that solvents which include the benzene ring structure such 0-, m-, p-xylene and toluene tend to crystallise the unstable FI solid form. The result has led to the hypothesis that solvent structure chemistry plays a significant role in the nucleation of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid polymorphs. It is observed that ortho-xylene solution has provided a wider metastable zone width and higher nucleation order for the FI form compared to acetonitrile solution at different saturation concentration because of its different chemical nature. Meanwhile the novel molecular dynamics simulation approach has successfully recognized the effect of solvent structure towards the solubility and pre-nucleation of FI and FII solid form in toluene and chloroform solvent respectively. The Molecular Dynamic simulations employed the computer program DL _POLY and the result assessed using the radial distribution functions and diffusion coefficient from the simulation trajectory files. The result has found that the stronger intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions presence in the chloroform solution system has lead to the FII solid form. Besides, the selection of force field is considered as a crucial task to model the crystallization which depends on the simulated properties to be extracted such as RDF and diffusion.
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Henderson, Jill Isobel. "A reflective account of my professional learning as an NQT using a solution-focused method to encourage behaviour management." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2546.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates how the use of Solution Oriented Schools processes can have an impact on behaviour management and relationships between teachers and pupils in secondary schools. This qualitative research focuses upon the sensitive issue of poor classroom behaviour and the pressure on teachers to manage it, at a time when unacceptable behaviour is deemed to increasing both in and out of school. Solution Oriented Therapy takes a holistic view of behaviour, so this research seeks to get a range of perspectives, beginning with listening to how pupils regard this approach. Their experiences, explored through Focus Group interviews and structured tasks, are set alongside the views of SOS trained teachers in telephone interviews, face to face interviews with teachers in the school where the research took place and the experiences of the author, an SOS‐ trained practitioner and recently qualified teacher, gathered through a research journal. Key findings from this research are the impact that the processes of SOS can have on the development and enrichment of teacher – pupil relationships. From this, effective contracts can be made between teachers and pupils that lead to more effective behaviour management strategies and, over time, the motivation of students to behave well and the empowerment of students to manage their own behaviour are increased. The implications of this work, that teachers themselves can improve behaviour by recognising that their personality directly affects their style of classroom management, which in turn effects how much power/control pupils are given over their own learning and self‐management. Thus a teacher who views herself as a facilitator will be flexible and relational, using different techniques to help pupils control their own behaviour; she will endeavour to enable pupils to work collaboratively and actively seek the pupil voice, and then include ideas from the pupils in the strategies for behaviour and learning.
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Statham, Elaine. "Community perception of low level anti-social behaviour by young people, and imagining a solution : an exploratory case study." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2012. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/317226/.
Full textAbstract:
Critics of anti-social behaviour policy (ASB) introduced by New Labour Government since 1997 argue that it is overly punitive, and criminalises what is often sub-criminal or nuisance behaviour. Further criticism is that policy implementation through formal channels has led to the public increasingly relying on formal agencies in the governance of ASB, and becoming less willing to play an active role. The catalyst for my research was two Community Safety Teams aim to reverse this trend. I have developed an innovative approach in the form of a booklet (Let s Talk) based on the under-researched Imagined Intergroup Contact model associated with the Intergroup Contact Theory which underpins Intergenerational Practice. My thesis centres on the piloting of the booklet in two regions in England, and the proposition that Intergenerational approaches can be a useful way of understanding and addressing tensions associated with perceived anti-social behaviour by young people . Drawing broadly on a social constructionist paradigm (Burr, 1995), and using an inductive case study approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected via various research tools. The sample included local residents, representatives of community organisations and the Community Safety Teams (CST). Data were coded and analysed using NVivo and SPSS. Theoretical data analysis was underpinned by the Integrated Threat Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory. Compared with other theories associated with Intergenerational Practice, the Integrated Threat Theory gave a more comprehensive explanation for intergenerational tensions. SCT gave new insights into the concept of agency in relation to the governance of ASB. My research identified anti-social behaviour that the CSTs felt did not warrant formal intervention, and the booklet received enthusiastic support from all parties consulted as an alternative, community-based approach. Reasons for a few individuals not wanting to adopt the booklet approach were identified; these included personal factors and social dynamics. My findings provided important knowledge for the future development and use of the booklet. This thesis makes a significant contribution to knowledge. Firstly, it extends the theoretical explanation of intergenerational tensions, and adds insights into the concept of governance and the theoretical underpinnings of Intergenerational Practice. Secondly, it advances implications for practice in relation to fully exploring social dynamics other than intergenerational issues, taking account of potential multigenerational factors, and being aware that preparatory activities to strengthen selfefficacy may be required.
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Turetta, Maxime. "Development of an innovative U-shaped steel-concrete composite beam solution : experimental and numerical studies on the mechanical behaviour." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0203.
Full textAbstract:
Une solution innovante de poutre mixte acier-béton a été développée en tenant compte des problématiques de résistance au feu et de montage sur chantier. La poutre est composée d'une partie métallique en U connectée à une partie en béton armé. En phase de construction, la poutre métallique supporte la dalle et constitue un coffrage pour la retombée en béton armé. La poutre en U résiste aux charges de construction sans système d’étaiement temporaire. Lors du coulage du béton, la poutre en acier est remplie en même temps que la dalle, ce qui permet un gain de temps considérable sur chantier. En phase d'exploitation, la poutre est mixte acier-béton. La connexion entre les deux matériaux est réalisée par des goujons à tête soudée en partie inférieure de la poutre en U. En situation d'incendie, la poutre mixte répond aux durées de stabilité au feu conventionnelles grâce aux armatures longitudinales à l'intérieur de la retombée avec des enrobages suffisants. Un état de l'art sur les solutions existantes répondant aux critères de la thèse est réalisé afin de proposer une solution innovante et optimisée. En phase de construction, sans présence de maintien, la poutre métallique en U est sujette à l’instabilité globale de déversement. Afin de caractériser la stabilité de la poutre, un test à échelle réelle est effectué au Laboratoire de l'Université du Luxembourg. Les résultats de l’essai sont comparés à des simulations numériques et à des études analytiques. Une étude paramétrique portant sur 200 configurations géométriques de la poutre en U est réalisée afin de valider l'utilisation de la courbe « b » pour le dimensionnement au déversement selon l’Eurocode 3. En phase d'exploitation, une fois le béton durci, la poutre présente un comportement mixte acier-béton assuré par la connexion. Pour des raisons de fabrication, la connexion est située dans une zone où le béton est soumis à des efforts de traction induits par la flexion de la poutre. Le béton dans cette zone est potentiellement fissuré, l’efficacité de la connexion et par conséquent le comportement mixte acier-béton sont étudiés. Un autre test, à échelle réelle, est effectué dans le Laboratoire de l'Université du Luxembourg. La ruine de la poutre mixte, par effort tranchant, se produit à très grands déplacements. Cependant, l’échantillon présente un réel comportement mixte avec une ductilité élevée, la connexion est donc très efficace. Les résultats de l’essai sont comparés à des simulations numériques afin de valider le modèle par éléments finis développé. A partir des résultats numériques et des résultats d’essais, une méthode de conception pour déterminer la résistance à la flexion de cette poutre, basée sur l’Eurocode 4, est proposée en tenant compte de la plastification partielle des parois de la section en U. Une méthode de conception analytique globale est proposée pour la solution développée basée sur les Eurocodes, avec des considérations supplémentaires et des conseils de mise en œuvreAn innovative solution of steel-concrete composite beam was developed taking into consideration the fire situation and the construction stage. The beam is composed of a U-shaped steel part connected to a reinforced concrete part. In the construction phase, the beam is supporting the slab and constitutes a formwork for the reinforced concrete part. The U-shaped beam withstands the construction loads without any temporary propping system. When casting concrete, the steel beam is filled at the same time as the slab, this allows considerable time-saving on site. In exploitation stage, the beam behaves as a steel-concrete composite beam. The connection between the two materials is made by welded headed studs on the lower part of the U-shaped beam. In fire situations, the composite beam satisfies conventional fire stability durations due to the longitudinal reinforcements inside the concrete downstand part with sufficient covers. A literature review focuses on modern solutions that fulfils the criteria of the thesis is performed in order to develop an innovative solution optimised. In construction stage, the U-shaped steel beam without restraints is prone to lateral torsional buckling instability. In order to characterise the stability of the beam, a full-scale test is carried out at the Laboratory of the University of Luxembourg. The test clearly showed the lateral torsional buckling of the steel beam. The test results are compared to numerical simulations and analytical studies. A parametrical study, covering 200 geometrical configurations of the U-shaped beam, is carried out to validate the use of the curve "b" for the design of the steel beam for lateral torsional buckling according to Eurocodes 3. In the exploitation phase, once the concrete hardens, the beam has a steel-concrete composite behaviour provided by the shear connection between the two materials. For manufacturing reasons, the connection is located in a zone where the concrete is subjected to tension forces induced by the bending of the beam. The concrete in this zone is potentially cracked, thus the efficiency of the connection and therefore the mechanical steel-concrete composite behaviour is investigated. Another test is therefore carried out in the Laboratory of the University of Luxembourg, this time the specimen tested is made of concrete and steel. The failure mode is a shear mechanism of the composite beam at very large displacements. However, the beam specimen exhibited a real steel-concrete composite behaviour with high ductility, the connection is therefore very efficient. The test results are compared to numerical simulations in order to validate the finite element model developed. From numerical results and test results, an analytical method, based on EN 1994-1-1, is proposed to find the bending resistant of this composite beam by taking into account the partial yield of the side plates of the U-shaped steel section. A global analytical design method is proposed for the developed solution based on the Eurocodes with additional considerations and constructional guidelines
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Statham, Elaine. "Community perception of low level anti-social behaviour by young people, and imagining a solution: an exploratory case study." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2012. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/317226/1/Elaine%20Statham%20-%20Thesis%20-%20Final.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Critics of anti-social behaviour policy (ASB) introduced by New Labour Government
since 1997 argue that it is overly punitive, and criminalises what is often sub-criminal or
nuisance behaviour. Further criticism is that policy implementation through formal
channels has led to the public increasingly relying on formal agencies in the
governance of ASB, and becoming less willing to play an active role. The catalyst for
my research was two Community Safety Teams aim to reverse this trend.
I have developed an innovative approach in the form of a booklet (Let s Talk) based on
the under-researched Imagined Intergroup Contact model associated with the
Intergroup Contact Theory which underpins Intergenerational Practice. My thesis
centres on the piloting of the booklet in two regions in England, and the proposition that
Intergenerational approaches can be a useful way of understanding and addressing
tensions associated with perceived anti-social behaviour by young people .
Drawing broadly on a social constructionist paradigm (Burr, 1995), and using an
inductive case study approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected via
various research tools. The sample included local residents, representatives of
community organisations and the Community Safety Teams (CST). Data were coded
and analysed using NVivo and SPSS. Theoretical data analysis was underpinned by
the Integrated Threat Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory. Compared with other
theories associated with Intergenerational Practice, the Integrated Threat Theory gave
a more comprehensive explanation for intergenerational tensions. SCT gave new
insights into the concept of agency in relation to the governance of ASB.
My research identified anti-social behaviour that the CSTs felt did not warrant formal
intervention, and the booklet received enthusiastic support from all parties consulted as
an alternative, community-based approach. Reasons for a few individuals not wanting
to adopt the booklet approach were identified; these included personal factors and
social dynamics. My findings provided important knowledge for the future development
and use of the booklet.
This thesis makes a significant contribution to knowledge. Firstly, it extends the
theoretical explanation of intergenerational tensions, and adds insights into the concept
of governance and the theoretical underpinnings of Intergenerational Practice.
Secondly, it advances implications for practice in relation to fully exploring social
dynamics other than intergenerational issues, taking account of potential multigenerational
factors, and being aware that preparatory activities to strengthen selfefficacy
may be required.
36
Lubbe, Janel C. "A responsive design strategy : tested in the Centurion licensing department to serve as a national roll-out solution." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45274.
Full textAbstract:
Interior design is more than just the design of spaces.
It is the study of human activity, interaction, movement
and spatial governance. These result in the user being
both emotionally and physically involved in the interior.
Therefore interior design also allows for cooperation
between building and user. However when this matter
of cooperation is overlooked the negative effect falls
on the service that the building provides leading to a
negative user perception.
User perception is currently not seen as a physical
parameter within an interior condition; however it has a
big role to play in terms of how public service buildings
function. The interior spaces within the current South
African public service domain are prone to this lack of
cooperation between building and user. As is evident
in service delivery, there is no sharing of information
between building and user leading to confusion,
frustration and an overall negative perception of the
work that is being done there.
Many different forms of analysis can be used to
determine where these problems lie within the interior.
Using elements from other fields of design can add
layers of information enriching the design decisions
made through the interior design solution.
By overstepping the boundary between Service Design
and interior design, the designer delves into a unique
understanding of the processes and associated
problems within the service delivery, and through this
understanding a more informed spatial solution can be
developed.
Information visualization and interior design work hand
in hand as an instrument in presenting both problems
and solutions in a way that the layman can understand.
In an industry where information is lacking, finding new
streams of portraying it could change user perception
in a positive way.
The investigation of this problem will unfold in the
Tshwane Licencing Departments. Four sites within this
study will be investigated namely, Centurion, Waltloo,
Akasia and Rayton traffic departments. These sites will
be analysed to decipher the core problems that they
share. The Centurion Licencing Department will be
the site used to develop and test the proposed interior
intervention. This site is an example of an interior with a
lack of cooperation due to its misuse of interior space,
lack of wayfinding, circulation and non-existent identity.
Through efficiency, pleasant experience and providing
the user with all the information needed to complete
the process should allow for a cooperative interior
and therefore a change in perception. Interior Design
becomes the instrument to realise pleasant-efficiency
for service delivery. Even though Interior Design has
no control over the administrational aspects of service
delivery, it can shape the platform on which it is
delivered having a positive influence on both user and
service provider.Dissertation (MInt(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
MInt(Prof)
Unrestricted
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Anderson, Philip Michael. "Conformational behaviour of amphiphilic molecules in aqueous solution and at a water/air interface : computational studies at the molecular level." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3164/.
Full textAbstract:
Previous experimental studies have indicated that the amphiphilic graft co-polymer polynorbornene-g-poly(ethylene oxide) (PNB-g-PEO) undergoes interesting conformational behaviour when placed at a water/air interface. This polymer adopts different conformations depending upon surface concentration, as elucidated through neutron reflectometry measurements. The work in this thesis details the preparation for, and execution of atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of this system at a range of surface concentrations. Three commonly used water models were assessed for computational expense and accuracy in the reproduction of key experimental properties, particularly density. It was found that the TIP4P water model was the most appropriate, and was therefore used to generate a water/vapour interface configuration. The OPLS-AA force field was then examined in detail on the basis of ab initio structural optimisation calculations on 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), a model molecule for poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO). Torsion parameters for the 0-C-C-O and C-O-C-C dihedral potentials were fitted to these ab initio data in an attempt to obtain a force field capable of reproducing the conformational behaviour of DME in the bulk liquid as measured previously by experiment. Using this fitted force field, fully atomistic simulations of PNB-g'-PEO at the water/vapour interface were performed at a range of surface concentrations coinciding with the experimental study. Excellent agreement was found between simulated and experimental neutron reflectivity profiles for low surface concentrations. Agreement at higher concentrations was slightly poorer, but still much better than that obtained in a previous simulation study without explicit water. Four force fields were then compared in "simulations of a PEO chain in aqueous solution. Dihedral angle analysis was performed on these PEO chains and compared to the behaviour of the PEO side chains in PNB-g-PEO. Agreement with conformational populations was confirmed between the two studies, however the frequency of conformational transitions was found to differ significantly between the two sets of simulation.
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Bose, Himangshu Sekhar. "Metachromatic behaviour of some thiazine dyes in solution in presence of inorganic and organic electrolytes, surfactants, polyelectrolytes and clay minerals." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/731.
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Shiu, Wan-yee Ruby. "An evaluation on 2007 obstetric service policy in Hong Kong a solution to the service-seeking behaviour of Mainland pregnant women? /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38598358.
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XHEMBULLA, JETMIR. "Enhancing the museum experience with a sustainable solution based on contextual information obtained from an on-line analysis of users’ behaviour." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2643669.
Full textAbstract:
Human computer interaction has evolved in the last years in order to enhance users’ experiences and provide more intuitive and usable systems. A major leap through in this scenario is obtained by embedding, in the physical environment, sensors capable of detecting and processing users’ context (position, pose, gaze, ...). Feeded by the so collected information flows, user interface paradigms may shift from stereotyped gestures
on physical devices, to more direct and intuitive ones that reduce the semantic gap between the action and the corresponding system reaction or even anticipate the user’s needs, thus limiting the overall learning effort and increasing user satisfaction. In order to make this process effective, the context of the user (i.e. where s/he is, what is s/he doing, who s/he is, what are her/his preferences and also actual perception and needs) must be properly understood. While collecting data on some aspects can be easy, interpreting them all in a meaningful way in order to improve the overall user experience is much harder. This is more evident when we consider informal learning environments like museums, i.e. places that are designed to elicit visitor response towards the artifacts on display and the cultural themes proposed. In such a situation, in fact, the system should adapt to the attention paid by the user choosing the appropriate content for the user’s purposes, presenting an intuitive interface to navigate it. My research goal is focused on collecting, in a simple,unobtrusive, and sustainable way, contextual information about the visitors with the purpose of creating more engaging and personalized experiences.
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Zehentbauer, Florian. "Spectroscopic investigation of intermolecular interactions defining the non-ideal solution behaviour of potential alternative fuels for low temperature direct-liquid fuel cells." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225964.
Full textAbstract:
Direct liquid fuel cells represent an interesting alternative to conventional hydrogen fuel cell technology. A novel analytical method for the monitoring of direct liquid fuel cells is presented. Employing a combination of chronoamperometric, gravimetric and Raman spectroscopic measurements this method allows a straightforward determination of the Faradaic efficiency of a fuel cell. This method was applied in a proof of concept study analysing the operational behaviour of a direct methanol fuel cell. A very low Faradaic efficiency was found for the fuel cell under study. This was attributed to loss of methanol from the fuel mixture due to methanol crossover, stripping of methanol by carbon dioxide as well as evaporation. It is known from the literature that a fuel change from methanol towards higher alcohols and other hydrocarbons can help to mitigate the effects of these loss processes. However, the behaviour of such alternative fuels and their mixtures in an operating fuel cell and hence the performance of the fuel cell depends at least in part on the intermolecular interactions present in those fuel mixtures. Therefore, the intermolecular interactions in binary and ternary mixtures of potential candidates for alternative fuels were investigated in the main part of this thesis. Studies on the intermolecular interactions in binary mixtures of acetone with ethanol and 1-butanol showed a tendency for self association of both compounds albeit in different concentration ranges. It was further found that the alkyl chain length of the alcohols did not have a significant effect on the intermolecular interactions in the binary and ternary mixtures. Further, the behaviour of the ternary mixture was found to closely resemble the effects found in the individual binary mixtures. Finally, binary mixtures of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and different alcohols did not show self association. It was rather found that alcohol molecules inserted into chains of DMSO molecules eventually leading to the formation of alcohol-DMSO dimers.
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Larsson, Linnea, and Linnéa Nilsson. "Exploring Circular Design Opportunities : A case study of a digital health technology solution for incontinence care." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177142.
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Today, circular economy is becoming more and more important to think about when developing new solutions, and considering the growing and aging population it may be extra important when it comes to the design of solutions for health care. This thesis aims at exploring how a digital health technology solution for incontinence care can be designed to contribute to a circular economy. In order to achieve the aim, a case study is performed with the intention to answer four different research questions. To gather data and information, the study also uses methods such as interviews, surveys, and a literature study. The first conclusion that can be drawn is that there are eight different circular design strategy categories, each category with a unique focus area, that are assessed to be suitable to investigate for the given purpose. Three examples of focus areas of these categories are to reuse resources, to influence the user behaviour, and to prolong the use phase for a solution somehow. Furthermore, the users and the production company are seen as the most significant actors for the studied digital health technology solution, and together they have ten important requests including needs regarding provision of knowledge, easily understandable solutions, and peace of mind to mention some. Based on the conclusions regarding circular design strategies and important requests, three concepts are developed which in different ways are assessed to contribute to both circularity and to fulfilling actor requests. One of the concepts focuses on prolonging the use of some components by providing an adapted cleaning kit to keep the components at a high hygienic standard. Another concept focuses on encouraging correct usage of the whole solution through giving the users personal statistics and notifications related to monetary and environmental costs. The last concept aims at providing a simple way to return reusable components to the company in order to enable reuse by another user. Finally, conclusions regarding positive and negative aspects of the three developed concepts are presented, focusing on attributes such as circularity and value creation. The thesis presents different ways regarding how circular design strategies can be applied to a digital health technology solution, which can inspire and aid organisations in their way towards providing solutions that are adapted to fit a circular economy.
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Chahine, Samir. "Factors enhancing the interactions of lower rim calix[4]arene derivatives towards toxic metal cations in solution : versatile behaviour in the solid state." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2004. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843546/.
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The synthesis of calix[4]arene derivatives, 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl[25,27-bis(hydroxy)-26,28-bis(ethylthioethoxy)]-calix[4]arene, L3, and 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl[25,27-bis(ethylethanoate)oxy-26,28-bis(ethylthioethoxy)]-calix[4]arene, L4, are reported. These ligands are structurally (1H, 13C NMR and X-ray crystallography) and thermodynamically (solubility, calorimetry) characterised. In addition to L3 and L4, 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl[25,26,27,28-tetrakis(ethylethanoate)- calix[4]arene, L1 and 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl[25,26,27,28-tetrakis(methylketonemethoxy)-calix[4]arene, L2, are included in this study. Therefore, ligands L1, L2, L3 and L4 were investigated by 1H NMR technique to obtain information regarding their conformation in solution and the active sites of interaction with metal cations in different deuterated solvents at 298 K. Conductance measurements were performed to establish the composition of the metal-ion complexes with L1, L3 and L4 in acetonitrile, methanol, N,N-dimethylformamide and propylene carbonate at 298.15 K. Weak or non-existing interaction was observed in the latter solvent. However, complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry are formed in all cases. Potentiometric and calorimetric measurements were carried out to establish the thermodynamic parameters of complexation of these ligands in acetonitrile, methanol, and N,N-dimethylformamide at 298.15 K. L1 and L2 behaved in a parallel fashion in acetonitrile, with a peak selectivity for Ca2+ relative to other bivalent metal cations investigated. Complexation was absent in other media. On the other hand, L4 showed higher discrimination ability towards metal cations relative to L1 in acetonitrile, methanol and N,N-dunethylformamide. In moving to L3, the selectivity of the ligand was improved with respect to L1 and L4 to recognize only Ag+ and Hg2+. The ligand and the medium effects on the complexation process are quantitatively assessed. Solution and transfer thermodynamic parameters for the reactants and the product involved in the complexation of Ag+, Hg2+ with L3 and L4 in acetonitrile (as a reference solvent), methanol and N,N-dimethylformamide (as receiving solvents) are discussed. The complexation and solution data for the reactants and the product were used to calculate the standard enthalpies of coordination as a means of checking the reliability of the data. Extraction affinity of L3 for Ag+ was investigated in the water-dichloromethane saturated system. Crystals of several ligands and their metal-ion complexes were isolated and characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. Conclusions and suggestions for further work in this area are given.
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Sun, Yufeng. "Time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of callovo-oxfordian claystone by anatytical and multiscale numerical methods." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTP0009.
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Dans le contexte du stockage géologique profond des déchets radioactifs, le comportement hydromécanique différé de l’argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien (COx) est étudié afin d’assurer les conditions de sûreté requises pour un stockage à long terme de déchets radioactifs. La première partie de l'étude s'appuie sur une approche phénoménologique menée directement à l'échelle macroscopique du matériaux rocheux et des ouvrages souterrains. Dans un premier temps, un modèle quasi-analytique du comportement hydromécanique d'une cavité sphérique profonde creusée dans un massif rocheux dilatant poro-viscoplastique est présenté. Cette modélisation considère trois étapes d'un cycle de vie simplifié de l’ouvrage souterrain : excavation, convergence libre et comportement post-fermeture. Ensuite, le développement, l’extension et l’évolution de la zone rocheuse endommagée par l'excavation (EDZ, Excavation Damaged Zone) sont étudiés à l'aide d’un code aux éléments finis. Cette zone endommagée fait référence à une région caractérisée par des changements importants et pour la plupart irréversibles des propriétés géochimiques et hydromécaniques de la roche. Des analyses de sensibilité et de probabilité sont aussi effectuées pour étudier l’évolution de l'étendue au cours du temps de l’EDZ. Dans la deuxième partie de l'étude, une approche numérique multi-échelles est utilisée pour étudier les effets de fluage et d'endommagement sur le comportement mécanique. Tout d'abord, un modèle basé sur la micromécanique, dans le cadre de modélisation de type éléments finis au carré (EF²), est développé pour modéliser le comportement à long terme de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien. Pour simuler les effets visqueux de la matrice argileuse, deux mécanismes à l’échelle microscopique ont été introduits : la viscoplasticité des agrégats d'argile et la viscoélasticité de leurs contacts. Ensuite, le modèle de comportement de l’argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien développé à petite échelle est appliqué pour modéliser le comportement de fluage à grande échelle, c’est-à-dire à l'échelle du laboratoire et des galeries souterraines. À partir des résultats de simulations à l'échelle du laboratoire, un processus de fluage en trois étapes est reproduit. Il comprend les étapes de fluage primaire, secondaire et tertiaire. A l’échelle des galeries souterraines, l'effet à long terme de la viscosité est étudié sur l'évolution des convergences des galeries et de l'EDZ. Le drainage à long terme et l’évolution de la pression d’eau interstitielle autour d'une galerie sont aussi étudiés. Enfin, le modèle de fluage à double échelle qui a été développé et utilisé pour simuler le comportement de fluage d'une roche fissurée saturée en eau est étendu au cas partiellement saturé. L’objectif est d’étudier l'interaction hydrique entre la roche autour des galeries souterraines et l'air à l’intérieur de celles-ci qui se produit lorsqu’il y a une circulation d’air humide dans les galeries. Les prédictions du modèle reproduisent la cinétique de drainage et de désaturation des roches saines et endommagéesIn the context of radioactive waste repository, the time-dependent hydromechanical behaviour of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone is investigated to ensure the safety conditions required for long-term repository of radioactive wastes.The first two parts of the study are based on the phenomenological approach carried out directly at the macroscale. Firstly, a quasi-analytical model for the hydromechanical behaviour of a deep spherical cavity excavated in a dilatant poro-viscoplastic rock mass is presented, considering three stages of a simplified life cycle: excavation, free convergence and post-closure. Subsequently, the sensitive and probability analyses are carried out using the finite element code Cast3M toinvestigate the time-dependent extent of the Excavation Damaged Zone (EDZ) which refers to a region characterized by significant and mainly irreversible changes in geochemical and hydromechanical properties. In the following, a multiscale numerical approach is employed to investigate its creep and damage behaviour under mechanical condition. Firstly, a micromechanics-based model within the finite element square (FE2) framework is developed to model the short-term and long-term behaviours of saturated COx claystone. For the viscous behaviour, two microscale mechanisms have been introduced: the viscoplasticity of the clay aggregates and the viscoelasticity of their contacts. Then, the creep model of COx claystones developed at small scale is applied to model the large-scale creep behaviour at laboratory and gallery scales. From simulation results of laboratory scale, a clear three-stage creep process is reproduced, including the primary creep stage, second creep stage and tertiary creep stage. At the gallery scale, the long-term effect of viscosity on the gallery convergences, the evolution of EDZ, and the long-term drainage and pore pressure around a gallery are investigated. Finally, the above developed double-scale creep model used to simulate saturated cracked medium is extend to partial saturated case to study the interaction between rock and the atmosphere occurs through air circulation within underground galleries. The emphasis is to study the effect of the gallery air ventilation on hydromechanical behaviour of host rock. The model predictions reproduce the drainage and desaturation kinetics of undisturbed and damaged rock
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Pâquet, Sylvain. "A Notion of Equilibrium in Relational Form Games and Politics." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38555.
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This dissertation consists of a development of the notion of equilibrium in non-cooperative games (introduced by John Nash in his doctoral dissertation submitted in May 1950) from the point of view of games played by complex adaptive systems (such as States) who adapt to an asymmetric distribution of bargaining power. The main ingredient of this dissertation is the notion of the contextually normalized solution, that implies that players routinely repeat strategies that work, and that an asymmetric complex game will be in a stable state so long as the set of normal strategies consists of the stronger players’ most preferred and the weaker players’ least disliked strategies. There is no other generality in rational behaviour; all else is relative to the frame of reference.
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Anggrahita, Hayuning. "Le marketing social est-il la solution au problème de la consommation de l'eau à Jakarta (Indonésie)?" Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040081.
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La ressource en eau à Jakarta est abondante,du fait que la pluviométrie annuelle moyenne à Jakarta est de 2500 mm/an et que la ville est traversée par 13 cours d’eau d’importance. Cependant, elle ne peut pas répondre aux besoins de ses habitants en matière d’approvisionnement en eau. De plus, l’accès à l’eau propre est inégal en fonction des critères socio-spatiaux de la communauté jakartanaise. Par ailleurs, la société indonésienne, dans son ensemble et la société jakartanaise en particulier, ont tendance à penser que la ressource en eauest illimitée. Cela conduit à une utilisation excessive de la ressource en eau qui aggrave le problème d’approvisionnement en eau. En se basant sur les enjeux ci-dessus, cette étude cherche premièrement à mettre en évidence les causes du paradoxe de l’eau à Jakarta en tenant compte de la trajectoire historique de l’approvisionnement en eau à Jakarta. Deuxièmement, des enquêtes de terrain auprès de la communauté jakartanaise en fonction des catégories socio-spatiales différentes ont été effectuées pour connaître la compréhension de l’inégalité de l’approvisionnement en eau qu’ont les citadins qui vivent ce phénomène au jour le jour, et en quoi cela affecte leurs perceptions etleurscomportements sur l’eau. Enfin, comme Jakarta est peuplée de 9,7 millions de personnes, les économies d’eau réalisables paraissent importantes. Une approche empruntée au domaine du marketing, «le marketing social», me semble prometteuse pour convaincre les populations d’économiser l’eau. Une étude de cas du programme « Gerakan Molto Ultra Sekali Bilas/ Mouvement d’un seul rinçage», effectué par Unilever, sera analysée pour valoriser et justifier le potentiel du marketing socialThe water resources in Jakarta are abundant because the average rainfall in Jakarta is 2500 mm/year and this city is crossed by 13 important rivers. However, Jakarta cannot meet the needs of its inhabitants when it comes to an appropriate “drinkable” water supply. The access to the appropriate“drinkable” water is unequal according to various socio-spatial criteria pertaining to the Jakartan community. Moreover, the Indonesian society in general, and Jakartans in particular, tend to think that water resources are unlimited. It leads to an excessive use of water resources which deteriorates the water supply problem in Jakarta. Based on the issues above, this study tries in the first place to highlight the causes of the water paradox in Jakarta, taking into account an historical trajectory of the way the water supplying system evolved in Jakarta. Secondly, field surveys within the Jakartan community, according to the different socio-spatial categories, were conducted to see how the inhabitants understand the disparity of the water supply, as they face this phenomenon day to day. It can affect their perceptions and behaviors concerning water. Finally, since the Province of Jakarta is populated with 9.7 million people, water savings seem important. The approach borrowed from the marketing domain, “social marketing” appears to hold potential to convince and persuade the community to preserve water. A case study of Unilever’s program, “Gerakan Molto Ultra Sekali Bilas”, will be analyzed in order to justify the potential of social marketing
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Hopkinson, Jonathan M. "Glass transition, ice and the concentration of the maximally freeze concentrated solution the thermal behavior of sugar solutions /." Ann Arbor, MI : UMI, 1997. http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/readme/ethz-etext.html.
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Legrix, Anabelle. "Phase behaviour in polysulphide solutions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481816.
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Ogata, Yoichi. "Aggregation Behavior of Functional Polymers in Solution." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/198947.
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Hu, Yinghe. "Solution Behavior Of The Pom-Based Hybrid." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron159026996643792.
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