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Journal articles on the topic 'Solute clustering'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Söhnel, O., and J. Garside. "Solute clustering and nucleation." Journal of Crystal Growth 89, no. 2-3 (June 1988): 202–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(88)90403-4.

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2

Peng, Jian, Sumit Bahl, Amit Shyam, J. Allen Haynes, and Dongwon Shin. "Solute-vacancy clustering in aluminum." Acta Materialia 196 (September 2020): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.06.062.

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3

Larson, M. A., and J. Garside. "Solute clustering in supersaturated solutions." Chemical Engineering Science 41, no. 5 (1986): 1285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(86)87101-9.

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4

Larson, M. A., and John Garside. "Solute clustering and interfacial tension." Journal of Crystal Growth 76, no. 1 (July 1986): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(86)90013-8.

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5

Liu, Zhixiao, Mingyang Ma, Wenfeng Liang, and Huiqiu Deng. "A Mechanistic Study of Clustering and Diffusion of Molybdenum and Rhenium Atoms in Liquid Sodium." Metals 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091430.

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Liquid Na is widely used as the heat transfer medium in high-temperature heat pipes based on Mo-Re alloys. In this study, ab initio molecular dynamics are employed in order to understand the interactions between the Na solvent and Mo or Re solute in the liquid phase. Both the temperature and concentration effects on the clustering and diffusion behaviors of solute atoms are investigated. It is found that Mo2 and Re2 dimers can be stabilized in liquid Na, and the higher temperature leads to a stronger binding force. Pure Re and Mo-Re mixed solutes can form tetramers at the highest concentration. However, for the pure Mo solute, Mo4 is not observed. The diffusivities of a single solute atom and clusters are calculated. It is found that the Mo species diffuse faster than the Re species, and the diffusivity decreases as the cluster size increases.
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6

Fretwell, H. M., J. A. Duffy, M. A. Alam, and H. P. Leighly. "Solute Clustering in Al-Li Alloys." Materials Science Forum 175-178 (November 1994): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.175-178.359.

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7

Niemeyer, Emily D., Richard A. Dunbar, and Frank V. Bright. "On the Local Environment Surrounding Pyrene in Near- and Supercritical Water." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 10 (October 1997): 1547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971939091.

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We use steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy to probe local solvent–solute interactions between pyrene (the solute) and supercritical water (SCW). Toward this end, we have developed a new fiber-optic-based titanium high-pressure optical cell which can withstand the temperatures and pressure needed to generate supercritical water. Static fluorescence measurements indicate that there is an increase in the local water density surrounding the pyrene molecules (clustering) up to five times the bulk fluid density. This extent of clustering is most prevalent at about one-half the critical density. Consistent with previous work on more mild supercritical fluids (e.g., CO2, CF3H, C2H6), the extent of this solute–fluid clustering decreases as the system temperature and pressure are increased. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements show that the excited-state decay kinetics are exponentially activated and not themselves affected by this solute–fluid clustering process.
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8

Fan, Zengwei, Jianan Zhu, Xintong Lian, Tengshi Liu, Dexiang Xu, Xicheng Wei, and Han Dong. "Microstructure, Inclusions, and Elemental Distribution of a Compacted Graphite Iron Alloyed by Ce and La Rare Earth (RE) Elements." Metals 12, no. 5 (April 30, 2022): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12050779.

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This work investigates the microstructure and inclusions of a compacted graphite iron (CGI) alloyed by Ce and La rare earth (RE) elements. In our study, alloying elemental distribution and solute segregation were characterized by methods of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and a three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP) with high sensitivity and spatial resolution. RE sulfide, MgS, carbide, and composite inclusions formed during solidification and provided heterogeneous nucleation cores for the nucleation of the graphite. Significant solute clustering in the matrix, coupled with the segregation of solute to grain boundaries, was observed. C, Mn, Cr, and V were soluted in cementite and promoted the precipitation of cementite, while Si was found to be soluted in ferrite. Cu is usually distributed uniformly in ferrite, but some Cu-rich atom clusters were observed to segregate towards the interface between the ferrite and cementite, stabilizing the pearlite. In addition, P, as a segregation element, was enriched along the boundaries continuously. The RE elements participated in the formation of inclusions, consuming harmful elements such as As and P, and also promoted the heterogeneous nucleation of the graphite and segregated, in the form of solute atoms, at its interfaces.
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9

Dupasquier, A., Rafael Ferragut, M. M. Iglesias, C. E. Macchi, Mario Massazza, P. Mengucci, G. Riontino, and Alberto Somoza. "Early Solute Clustering in an AlZnMg Alloy." Materials Science Forum 445-446 (January 2004): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.445-446.16.

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10

Zhang, D., and R. C. Picu. "Solute clustering in Al–Mg binary alloys." Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (November 7, 2003): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/12/1/011.

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11

Wang, Shuo, Chengpeng Xue, Xinghai Yang, Guangyuan Tian, Hui Su, Yuxuan Zhang, and Junsheng Wang. "Solute clustering governed elastic properties in aluminum." Calphad 79 (December 2022): 102494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2022.102494.

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12

Moody, Michael P., Baptiste Gault, Leigh T. Stephenson, Ross K. W. Marceau, Rebecca C. Powles, Anna V. Ceguerra, Andrew J. Breen, and Simon P. Ringer. "Lattice Rectification in Atom Probe Tomography: Toward True Three-Dimensional Atomic Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 17, no. 2 (March 8, 2011): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927610094535.

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AbstractAtom probe tomography (APT) represents a significant step toward atomic resolution microscopy, analytically imaging individual atoms with highly accurate, though imperfect, chemical identity and three-dimensional (3D) positional information. Here, a technique to retrieve crystallographic information from raw APT data and restore the lattice-specific atomic configuration of the original specimen is presented. This lattice rectification technique has been applied to a pure metal, W, and then to the analysis of a multicomponent Al alloy. Significantly, the atoms are located to their true lattice sites not by an averaging, but by triangulation of each particular atom detected in the 3D atom-by-atom reconstruction. Lattice rectification of raw APT reconstruction provides unprecedented detail as to the fundamental solute hierarchy of the solid solution. Atomic clustering has been recognized as important in affecting alloy behavior, such as for the Al-1.1Cu-1.7Mg (at. %) investigated here, which exhibits a remarkable rapid hardening reaction during the early stages of aging, linked to clustering of solutes. The technique has enabled lattice-site and species-specific radial distribution functions, nearest-neighbor analyses, and short-range order parameters, and we demonstrate a characterization of solute-clustering with unmatched sensitivity and precision.
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13

Zheng, Z. Q., W. Q. Liu, Z. Q. Liao, S. P. Ringer, and G. Sha. "Solute clustering and solute nanostructures in an Al–3.5Cu–0.4Mg–0.2Ge alloy." Acta Materialia 61, no. 10 (June 2013): 3724–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2013.03.004.

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14

Uesugi, Tokuteru, and Kenji Higashi. "1020 First-Principles Studies on Solute-Solute Interaction Energies and Clustering in Aluminum." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2012.25 (2012): 426–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2012.25.426.

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15

Liddicoat, Peter V., Tomoyuki Honma, L. T. Stephenson, and Simon P. Ringer. "Evolution of Nanostructure during the Early Stages of Ageing in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloys." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.555.

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During age-hardening of certain Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, a 90% hardness increase can occur with 75 seconds. The clustering and precipitation of solute element species during this early rapid hardening (RH) period has been investigated through atom probe tomography, transmission electron microscopy, and Vickers hardness measurements. This study has focussed on the effect of copper by analysing three alloys; Al-2.0Zn-1.8Mg-0.7Cu, Al-2.0Zn-1.7Mg-0.2Cu and Al-1.9Zn-1.7Mg (at.%). The early RH reaction in these alloys accounts for up to 70% of the total hardening (peak hardness minus as-quenched hardness) and takes place during the first 60 seconds of ageing. We report preferred solute-solute interactions in the as-quenched materials. This quenched-in nanostructure acts as a template for subsequent solute clustering, the nature of which we have correlated with ageing.
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16

Fretwell, H. M., S. Usmar, A. Alam, and G. Dlubek. "Positron Studies of Solute Clustering in Al-Ag Alloys." Materials Science Forum 105-110 (January 1992): 1013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.105-110.1013.

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17

Abbott, Andrew P., Eric G. Hope, and Donna J. Palmer. "Probing Solute Clustering in Supercritical Solutions Using Solvatochromic Parameters." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111, no. 28 (July 2007): 8119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp066621h.

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18

Stephenson, Leigh T., Michael P. Moody, and Simon P. Ringer. "Theory of solute clustering in materials for atom probe." Philosophical Magazine 91, no. 17 (March 15, 2011): 2200–2215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2011.554909.

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19

Stephenson, Leigh T., Michael P. Moody, Peter V. Liddicoat, and Simon P. Ringer. "New Techniques for the Analysis of Fine-Scaled Clustering Phenomena within Atom Probe Tomography (APT) Data." Microscopy and Microanalysis 13, no. 6 (November 14, 2007): 448–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927607070900.

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Nanoscale atomic clusters in atom probe tomographic data are not universally defined but instead are characterized by the clustering algorithm used and the parameter values controlling the algorithmic process. A new core-linkage clustering algorithm is developed, combining fundamental elements of the conventional maximum separation method with density-based analyses. A key improvement to the algorithm is the independence of algorithmic parameters inherently unified in previous techniques, enabling a more accurate analysis to be applied across a wider range of material systems. Further, an objective procedure for the selection of parameters based on approximating the data with a model of complete spatial randomness is developed and applied. The use of higher nearest neighbor distributions is highlighted to give insight into the nature of the clustering phenomena present in a system and to generalize the clustering algorithms used to analyze it. Maximum separation, density-based scanning, and the core linkage algorithm, developed within this study, were separately applied to the investigation of fine solute clustering of solute atoms in an Al-1.9Zn-1.7Mg (at.%) at two distinct states of early phase decomposition and the results of these analyses were evaluated.
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20

Miyamoto, Goro, Hiroshi Numakura, Masanori Enoki, Tokuteru Uesugi, Hiroshi Ohtani, and Tadashi Furuhara. "Nano Clustering of Interstitial and Substitutional Solute Atoms in Steels." Materia Japan 59, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.59.128.

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21

Isheim, Dieter, David N. Seidman, John H. Perepezko, and Gregory B. Olson. "Nanometer-scale solute clustering in aluminum–nickel–ytterbium metallic glasses." Materials Science and Engineering: A 353, no. 1-2 (July 2003): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(02)00674-3.

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22

Konstantinović, M. J., A. Ulbricht, T. Brodziansky, N. Castin, and L. Malerba. "Vacancy-solute clustering in Fe–Cr alloys after neutron irradiation." Journal of Nuclear Materials 540 (November 2020): 152341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152341.

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23

Camus, P. P. "ATOM PROBE ANALYSIS OF SOLUTE CLUSTERING ABOVE A MISCIBILITY GAP." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 48, no. C6 (November 1987): C6–331—C6–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1987654.

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24

Hou, Shengli, Di Zhang, Qingwei Ding, Jishan Zhang, and Linzhong Zhuang. "Solute clustering and precipitation of Al-5.1Mg-0.15Cu-xZn alloy." Materials Science and Engineering: A 759 (June 2019): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.05.066.

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25

Mansur, L. K. "Defect reactions and clustering in irradiated solids." Canadian Journal of Physics 68, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 887–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p90-126.

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Irradiation of solid materials with energetic neutrons or charged particles can lead to profound changes in defect structure, microcomposition, and macroscopic properties. Such changes occur by atomic and microstructural mechanisms, some of which are familiar in "classical" physical metallurgy and materials science. However, other cases appear to be unique to irradiation. Irradiation has considerably broadened and indeed provided an entirely new dimension in materials science, since the energetic displacement of atoms potentially reaches to every property or process. The initial damaging events leading to the creation of point defects are generally complete in times of order 10−11 s. Subsequent changes in structure, composition, and properties take place in a span of much longer time scales corresponding to interstitial and vacancy diffusion, clustering, solute segregation, and precipitation. An extensive theoretical framework has been developed to understand the kinetics of these processes. Emphasis has been placed on both steady cumulative processes and on fluctuations, and on the appropriate application of stochastic and deterministic descriptions. Parallel and interactive experimental activities for both applied and basic programs over the past two decades have increased the level of phenomenological knowledge enormously. Much of the work has emphasized either high-dose phenomena such as irradiation-induced swelling, creep, embrittlement, phase instability, and solute segregation relevant to materials applications, or the properties, structures, and interactions of defects, which underlie more fundamental issues.
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26

Liu, Meng, Jakub Čížek, Cynthia S. T. Chang, and John Banhart. "A Positron Study of Early Clustering in Al-Mg-Si Alloys." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.33.

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Early stages of clustering in quenched Al-Mg-Si alloys during natural ageing were studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy utilizing its unique sensitivity to electron density differences in various atomic defects. Two different positron trapping sites could be identified, one related to a vacancy-type defect, the other to solute clusters. The first trap is deep, i.e. irreversibly traps positrons, the second shallow, from which positrons can escape, which creates the signature of a temperature-dependent positron lifetime. During the first 80 min of NA, the vacancy-related contribution decreases, while the solute clusters increasingly trap positrons, thus reflecting their continuous growth and power to trap positrons. Coincident Doppler broadening spectroscopy of the annihilation radiation shows that the annihilation sites are Si-rich after quenching but contain more Mg after 70 min.
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27

Elgammal, Ramez A., Shane Foister, and Thomas A. Zawodzinski. "Unusual Cation-Pi Solute Interactions with Deep Eutectic Solvents." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 46 (October 9, 2022): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02461727mtgabs.

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as an alternative to both common organic solvents and ionic liquids (ILs). DESs share physicochemical properties with ILs such as low vapor pressure, high thermal stability, high viscosity while offering advantages such as low toxicity, lower cost, and ease of preparation. Moreover, DESs are attractive candidates for electrochemical applications due to their large voltage windows and solubility properties. DESs as a solvent class share a general composition of a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), typically a polyol, amide, or acid, and a hydrogen box acceptor (HBA), usually a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt. At a specific molar composition of a HBD and HBD, the DES forms a eutectic mixture resulting in a large melting point depression due to extensive hydrogen bonding between the components. Despite being widely studied, the use and subsequent characterization of DESs as solvents for aromatic phenols and related aromatics has only recently received attention. In this study we have investigated the solubility of a broad class of aromatic solutes as a function of DES composition and solute concentration using 1H, 13C, pulsed field gradient (PFG), and nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) NMR. The degree to which homogenous mixtures versus heterogeneous and/or multi-phase systems are formed as a function of solute, temperature, and DES composition is examined. Two classes of DESs glyceline (glycerol + choline chloride) and ethaline (ethylene glycol + choline chloride) were investigated. As many as three distinct phases depending on the nature of the aromatic solute are observed by NMR. {1H-1H}-NOESY measurements show strong correlations between the choline chloride ammonium cation and the aryl protons with cation-pi interactions disrupting the hydrogen bonding network of the DES. We will discuss the implications for these systems as green solvents and comment on how clustering of solutes on the nanoscale may find use in catalysis and self-assembly.
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28

Liu, Zhenzhi, Yan Zhao, Xuyu Zhang, Xiao-Gang Lu, Chuanjun Wang, and Yu Zhang. "Microscopic Phase-Field Simulation of γ′ Precipitation in Ni-Based Binary Alloys Coupled with CALPHAD Method." Crystals 12, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12070971.

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In the present work, the first (1st) and second (2nd) nearest-neighbor interaction energies are calculated by coupling the microscopic phase-field kinetic model with the calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) method. The morphological evolution of the γ′ precipitate and the variation of its atomic ordering parameter for Ni–X (X = Al, Fe, Mn, Pt, or Si) alloys during aging are studied. The simulation results predict different occupation preferences for solute and solvent atoms in the γ′ phase, i.e., solute atoms are inclined to occupy the corner sites and solvent atoms tend to occupy the face sites. In order to understand the precipitation process of the γ′ phase systematically, the ordering and clustering behaviors of solute atoms are analyzed.
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29

Konstantinović, M. J., I. Uytdenhouwen, G. Bonny, N. Castin, L. Malerba, and P. Efsing. "Radiation induced solute clustering in high-Ni reactor pressure vessel steel." Acta Materialia 179 (October 2019): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.08.028.

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30

Guo, M. X., Y. D. Zhang, G. J. Li, S. B. Jin, G. Sha, J. S. Zhang, L. Z. Zhuang, and E. J. Lavernia. "Solute clustering in Al-Mg-Si-Cu-(Zn) alloys during aging." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 774 (February 2019): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.09.309.

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31

Shiau, Lie-Ding, and Yung-Fang Lu. "Modeling solute clustering in the diffusion layer around a growing crystal." Journal of Chemical Physics 130, no. 9 (March 7, 2009): 094105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3080719.

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32

Meslin, E., B. Radiguet, P. Pareige, C. Toffolon, and A. Barbu. "Irradiation-Induced Solute Clustering in a Low Nickel FeMnNi Ferritic Alloy." Experimental Mechanics 51, no. 9 (March 17, 2011): 1453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11340-011-9476-1.

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33

Liu, Meng, Jakub Čížek, Cynthia S. T. Chang, and John Banhart. "Early stages of solute clustering in an Al–Mg–Si alloy." Acta Materialia 91 (June 2015): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.02.019.

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34

Xie, Hongbo, Junyuan Bai, Hucheng Pan, Xueyong Pang, Yuping Ren, Shineng Sun, Liqing Wang, Hong Zhao, Boshu Liu, and Gaowu Qin. "Self-adapted clustering of solute atoms into a confined two-dimensional prismatic platelet with an ellipse-like quasi-unit cell." IUCrJ 5, no. 6 (October 26, 2018): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205225251801415x.

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This paper reports a new structured prismatic platelet, self-assembled by an ellipse-like quasi-unit cell, precipitated in Mg–In–Yb and Mg–In–Ca ternary alloys and aged isothermally at 200°C using aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with density functional theory computations. The ordered stacking of solute atoms along the [0001]α direction based on elliptically shaped self-adapted clustering leads to the generation of the quasi-unit cell. The bonding of these ellipse-like quasi-unit-cell rods by the Mg atomic columns along the 〈11{\overline 2}0〉α directions formed a two-dimensional planar structure, which has three variants with a {10{\overline 1}0}α habit plane and full coherence with the α-Mg matrix. This finding is important for understanding the clustering and stacking behaviors of solute atoms in condensed matter, and is expected to guide the future design of novel high-strength Mg alloys strengthened by such high-density prismatic platelets.
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35

Marceau, R. K. W., Rafael Ferragut, A. Dupasquier, M. M. Iglesias, and Simon P. Ringer. "Vacancy-Solute Interactions in Al-Cu-Mg." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.197.

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This is an initial report of a multi-technique study on the effect of Mg alloying on solute-vacancy interactions during the early stages of ageing of dilute 2xxx Al-Cu-Mg alloys so as to better understand the early rapid hardening (RH) that occurs in certain compositions of these alloys and the more general phenomena of secondary hardening (SH) at ambient temperatures. Therefore, RH at 150 °C and SH at room temperature from the as-quenched condition and after 60 sec ageing at 150 °C were studied in Al-1.1Cu and Al-1.1Cu-0.5Mg (at. %) variously by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), coincidence Doppler broadening (CDB) spectroscopy and atom probe tomography (APT) and monitored by Vickers hardness measurements. The present results indicate that Cu-Cu, Mg-Mg and Cu-Mg clusters are formed in the ternary alloy already in the asquenched state and that they persist during ageing at 150 °C. The fraction of the solutes Cu and Mg that were associated with vacancies after ageing was increased 10-fold and double, respectively and the strength of the Cu clustering is enhanced greatly after 60 sec at 150 °C.
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36

Hono, Kazuhiro, and Mitsuhiro Murayama. "Solute Clustering and Precipitation in Aluminum Alloys-Three Dimensional Atom Probe Study." Materia Japan 38, no. 7 (1999): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.38.563.

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37

Brovchenko, Ivan, Alfons Geiger, and Alla Oleinikova. "Clustering of water molecules in aqueous solutions: Effect of water–solute interaction." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6, no. 8 (2004): 1982–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b314474g.

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38

Burke, MG, JM Hyde, RM Boothby, and CA English. "Early Stages of Solute Clustering in Irradiated 1 Ni – 1.3 Mn Welds." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, S2 (July 2009): 1352–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609099589.

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39

Chen, Liang, Zhengcao Li, Li Liu, Naoto Sekimura, and Naoki Soneda. "Study of the effect of Ni on solute clustering in α-Fe." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 453 (August 2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2019.05.077.

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40

Rusli, I. T., G. L. Schrader, and M. A. Larson. "Raman spectroscopic study of NaNO3 solution system - solute clustering in supersaturated solutions." Journal of Crystal Growth 97, no. 2 (September 1989): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(89)90216-9.

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41

Hadorn, J. P., T. T. Sasaki, T. Nakata, T. Ohkubo, S. Kamado, and K. Hono. "Solute clustering and grain boundary segregation in extruded dilute Mg–Gd alloys." Scripta Materialia 93 (December 2014): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.08.022.

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42

Svärd, Michael, K. Renuka Devi, Dikshitkumar Khamar, Donal Mealey, Dominic Cheuk, Jacek Zeglinski, and Åke C. Rasmuson. "Solute clustering in undersaturated solutions – systematic dependence on time, temperature and concentration." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 22 (2018): 15550–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp01509k.

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43

Marceau, R. K. W., G. Sha, R. N. Lumley, and S. P. Ringer. "Evolution of solute clustering in Al–Cu–Mg alloys during secondary ageing." Acta Materialia 58, no. 5 (March 2010): 1795–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2009.11.021.

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44

Noseda Grau, V., A. Cuniberti, A. Tolley, V. Castro Riglos, and M. Stipcich. "Solute clustering behavior between 293K and 373K in a 6082 Aluminum alloy." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 684 (November 2016): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.05.197.

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45

Ferragut, Rafael, A. Dupasquier, M. M. Iglesias, C. E. Macchi, Alberto Somoza, and Ian J. Polmear. "Vacancy-Solute Aggregates in Al-Zn-Mg-(Cu, Ag)." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.309.

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Positron annihilation spectroscopy in two versions (lifetime and coincidence Doppler broadening) has been applied to investigate solute/vacancy interactions when minor amounts (<1wt.%) of Ag or Cu are added to the alloy Al-4Zn-3Mg (wt.%) during ageing at 150°C. The results show early clustering of vacancies with Zn (and with Cu, if present). Ag displays a strong interaction with vacancies in competition with Mg and forms clusters that may help further aggregation of the other alloying elements during artificial ageing. High Mg concentration is observed at the misfit interfaces of semi-coherent or incoherent precipitates.
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46

Bartosova, Maria, Rebecca Herzog, David Ridinger, Eszter Levai, Hanna Jenei, Conghui Zhang, Guadalupe T. González Mateo, et al. "Alanyl-Glutamine Restores Tight Junction Organization after Disruption by a Conventional Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid." Biomolecules 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2020): 1178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10081178.

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Understanding and targeting the molecular basis of peritoneal solute and protein transport is essential to improve peritoneal dialysis (PD) efficacy and patient outcome. Supplementation of PD fluids (PDF) with alanyl-glutamine (AlaGln) increased small solute transport and reduced peritoneal protein loss in a recent clinical trial. Transepithelial resistance and 10 kDa and 70 kDa dextran transport were measured in primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to conventional acidic, glucose degradation products (GDP) containing PDF (CPDF) and to low GDP containing PDF (LPDF) with and without AlaGln. Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-5 were quantified by Western blot and immunofluorescence and in mice exposed to saline and CPDF for 7 weeks by digital imaging analyses. Spatial clustering of ZO-1 molecules was assessed by single molecule localization microscopy. AlaGln increased transepithelial resistance, and in CPDF exposed HUVEC decreased dextran transport rates and preserved claudin-5 and ZO-1 abundance. Endothelial clustering of membrane bound ZO-1 was higher in CPDF supplemented with AlaGln. In mice, arteriolar endothelial claudin-5 was reduced in CPDF, but restored with AlaGln, while mesothelial claudin-5 abundance was unchanged. AlaGln supplementation seals the peritoneal endothelial barrier, and when supplemented to conventional PD fluid increases claudin-5 and ZO-1 abundance and clustering of ZO-1 in the endothelial cell membrane.
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47

Sun, Ya Ping. "Excitation wavelength dependence of pyrene fluorescence in supercritical carbon dioxide. Evidence for a supercritical solvent-assisted solute-solute clustering mechanism." Journal of the American Chemical Society 115, no. 8 (April 1993): 3340–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00061a047.

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48

Ivanov, R., A. Deschamps, and F. De Geuser. "A combined characterization of clusters in naturally aged Al–Cu–(Li, Mg) alloys using small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering and atom probe tomography." Journal of Applied Crystallography 50, no. 6 (November 14, 2017): 1725–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576717014443.

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A new methodology for the characterization of solute clusters leading to compositional fluctuations is presented and discussed. The methodology makes use of contrast variation arising from a combination of small-angle scattering using neutrons and X-rays, and adapts a model for solute correlation to extract the chemistry and length scale of clustered states after quench and after natural ageing. In three subsets of the Al–Cu system, Cu-rich clusters are reported for all cases. The presence of Mg strongly enhances Cu clustering in the naturally aged state and results in more than double the number of clusters in the complex Al–Cu–Li–Mg system. The results are compared with those obtained using atom probe tomography.
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49

Nikulsin, Nikita, E. R. Azhagiya Singam, Gloria Elliott, and Donald Jacobs. "Molecular clustering and percolation characteristics near the glass transition in aqueous trehalose and choline dihydrogen phosphate solutions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 32 (2018): 20899–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp03636e.

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Spatial and temporal characteristics of molecular structure in ternary solutions of trehalose and choline dihydrogen phosphate (CDHP) are studied using molecular dynamics simulations at 300 K for a range of solute concentrations with a 2 : 1 stoichiometric ratio of trehalose to CDHP.
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Akara, Mahawa-Essa Mabossani, Donald M. Reeves, and Rishi Parashar. "Impact of horizontal spatial clustering in two-dimensional fracture networks on solute transport." Journal of Hydrology 603 (December 2021): 127055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127055.

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