Academic literature on the topic 'Soluble microbial products'
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Journal articles on the topic "Soluble microbial products"
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Chipasa, K. B., and K. Mędrzycka. "Adaptive response of microbial communities to soluble microbial products." Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 31, no. 8 (August 13, 2004): 384–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-004-0161-6.
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Fang, Herbert H. P., and Xiao-Shan Jia. "Soluble microbial products (SMP) of acetotrophic methanogenesis." Bioresource Technology 66, no. 3 (December 1998): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8524(98)00056-x.
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Shi, Weiwei, Huanlong Peng, Jie Wu, Meirou Wu, Da Li, Wenjia Xie, Jian Ye, Liang Xu, Yongmei Liang, and Wei Liu. "Adsorption of soluble microbial products by sediments." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 169 (March 2019): 874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.005.
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Noguera, Daniel R., Nobuo Araki, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "Soluble microbial products (SMP) in anaerobic chemostats." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44, no. 9 (November 5, 1994): 1040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440904.
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Boero, V. J., W. W. Eckenfelder, and A. R. Bowers. "Soluble Microbial Product Formation in Biological Systems." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 4-6 (February 1, 1991): 1067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0558.
Full textAbstract:
The formation of soluble microbial products was evaluated in batch reactors using radiolabeled 14C-phenol and 14C-glucose. Soluble microbial products, SMP, resulted from intermediates or end products of substrate degradation and endogenous cell decomposition. On an organic carbon basis, the SMP produced after A8 hours averaged 1A.7 (±3.7) percent of the initial phenol and 3.1 (±0.4) percent of the initial glucose. The SMP were categorized as substrate utilization products, having a biodegradable and non-biodegradable fraction, and biomass associated products, which were only non-biodegradable. A model was developed based on kinetic relationships between several macroscopic compartments, which consisted of the initial substrate, cell mass, and the three SMP categories. Based on the experimental data, zero and first order kinetics were sufficient to describe the disappearance of the initial substrates and the net SMP, i.e., total SMP produced less SMP biodegraded to yield CO2 and/or new biomass. Both phenol and glucose adhered to the same kinetic model, but the rate constants were considerably different.
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Kuo, Wen-Chien, Mark A. Sneve, and Gene F. Parkin. "Formation of soluble microbial products during anaerobic treatment." Water Environment Research 68, no. 3 (May 1996): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143096x127712.
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Namkung, Eun, and Bruce E. Rittmann. "Soluble microbial products (SMP) formation kinetics by biofilms." Water Research 20, no. 6 (June 1986): 795–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(86)90106-5.
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Ichihashi, Osamu, Hiroyasu Satoh, and Takashi Mino. "Effect of soluble microbial products on microbial metabolisms related to nutrient removal." Water Research 40, no. 8 (May 2006): 1627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.01.047.
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Wang, Xiao-Mao, and T. David Waite. "Retention of soluble microbial products in submerged membrane bioreactors." Desalination and Water Treatment 6, no. 1-3 (June 2009): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2009.658.
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Fenu, A., T. Wambecq, C. Thoeye, G. De Gueldre, and B. Van de Steene. "Modelling soluble microbial products (SMPs) in a dynamic environment." Desalination and Water Treatment 29, no. 1-3 (May 2011): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2011.2095.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Soluble microbial products"
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Aquino, SeÌrgio Francisco de. "Formation of soluble microbial products (SMP) in anaerobic reactors during stress conditions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405566.
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Murthy, Sudhir N. "Bioflocculation: Implications for Activated Sludge Properties and Wastewater Treatment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30647.
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Studies were conducted to determine the role of bioflocculation in the activated sludge unit processes. Laboratory and full-scale studies revealed that bioflocculation is important in determining settling, dewatering, effluent and digested sludge properties (activated sludge properties) and may be vital to the function of all processes related to the above properties. In these studies, it was shown that divalent cations such as calcium and magnesium improved activated sludge properties, whereas monovalent cations such as sodium, potassium and ammonium ions were detrimental to these properties. The divalent cations promoted bioflocculation through charge bridging mechanisms with negatively charged biopolymers (mainly protein and polysaccharide). It was found that oxidized iron plays a major role in bioflocculation and determination of activated sludge properties through surface interactions between iron and biopolymers. Oxidized iron was effective in removing colloidal biopolymers from solution in coagulation and conditioning studies. The research included experiments evaluating effects of potassium and ammonium ions on settling and dewatering properties; effects of magnesium on settling properties; effects of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium on effluent quality; effect of solids retention time on effluent quality; and evaluation of floc properties during aerobic and thermophilic digestion. A floc model is proposed in which calcium, magnesium and iron are important to bioflocculation and the functionality of aeration tanks, settling tanks, dewatering equipment and aerobic or anaerobic digesters. It is shown that activated sludge floc properties affect wastewater treatment efficiency.<br>Ph. D.
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Robles, Martínez Ángel. "Modelling, simulation and control of the filtration process in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating urban wastewater." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/34102.
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El reactor anaerobio de membranas sumergidas (SAnMBR) está considerado como tecnología
candidata para mejorar la sostenibilidad en el sector de la depuración de aguas residuales,
ampliando la aplicabilidad de la biotecnología anaerobia al tratamiento de aguas residuales de
baja carga (v.g. agua residual urbana) o a condiciones medioambientales extremas (v.g. bajas
temperaturas de operación). Esta tecnología alternativa de tratamiento de aguas residuales es
más sostenible que las tecnologías aerobias actuales ya que el agua residual se transforma en
una fuente renovable de energía y nutrientes, proporcionando además un recurso de agua
reutilizable. SAnMBR no sólo presenta las principales ventajas de los reactores de membranas
(i.e. efluente de alta calidad, y pocas necesidades de espacio), sino que también presenta las
principales ventajas de los procesos anaerobios. En este sentido, la tecnología SAnMBR
presenta una baja producción de fangos debido a la baja tasa de crecimiento de los
microorganismos implicados en la degradación de la materia orgánica, presenta una baja
demanda energética debido a la ausencia de aireación, y permite la generación de metano, el
cual representa una fuente de energía renovable que mejora el balance energético neto del
sistema. Cabe destacar el potencial de recuperación de nutrientes del agua residual bien cuando
el efluente es destinado a irrigación directamente, o bien cuando debe ser tratado previamente
mediante tecnologías de recuperación de nutrientes.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es evaluar la viabilidad de la tecnología SAnMBR
como núcleo en el tratamiento de aguas residuales urbanas a temperatura ambiente. Por lo tanto,
esta tesis se centra en las siguientes tareas: (1) implementación, calibración y puesta en marcha
del sistema de instrumentación, control y automatización requerido; (2) identificación de los
parámetros de operación clave que afectan al proceso de filtración; (3) modelación y simulación
del proceso de filtración; y (4) desarrollo de estrategias de control para la optimización del
proceso de filtración minimizando los costes de operación.
En este trabajo de investigación se propone un sistema de instrumentación, control y
automatización para SAnMBR, el cual fue esencial para alcanzar un comportamiento adecuado
y estable del sistema frente a posibles perturbaciones. El comportamiento de las membranas fue
comparable a sistemas MBR aerobios a escala industrial. Tras más de dos años de operación
ininterrumpida, no se detectaron problemas significativos asociados al ensuciamiento
irreversible de las membranas, incluso operando a elevadas concentraciones de sólidos en el
licor mezcla (valores de hasta 25 g·L-1
). En este trabajo se presenta un modelo de filtración
(basado en el modelo de resistencias en serie) que permitió simular de forma adecuada el proceso de filtración. Por otra parte, se propone un control supervisor basado en un sistema
experto que consiguió reducir el consumo energético asociado a la limpieza física de las
membranas, un bajo porcentaje de tiempo destinado a la limpieza física respecto al total de
operación, y, en general, un menor coste operacional del proceso de filtración.
Esta tesis doctoral está integrada en un proyecto nacional de investigación, subvencionado por
el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN), con título ¿Modelación de la aplicación de la
tecnología de membranas para la valorización energética de la materia orgánica del agua
residual y la minimización de los fangos producidos¿ (MICINN, proyecto CTM2008-06809-
C02-01/02). Para obtener resultados representativos que puedan ser extrapolados a plantas
reales, esta tesis doctoral se ha llevado a cabo utilizando un sistema SAnMBR que incorpora
módulos comerciales de membrana de fibra hueca. Además, esta planta es alimentada con el
efluente del pre-tratamiento de la EDAR del Barranco del Carraixet (Valencia, España).<br>Robles Martínez, Á. (2013). Modelling, simulation and control of the filtration process in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor treating urban wastewater [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/34102<br>Alfresco<br>Premiado
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Lee, Chou-Ken, and 李宙耕. "Characteristics of Soluble Microbial Products in Activated Sludge." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40894239441785583346.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>環境工程與管理系碩士班<br>93<br>Biological wastewater treatment processes employed various microorganisms with their metabolism to reduce and degrade the organic substances and nutrients in wastewater. Some persistent chemical compounds could be processed by cometabolism. It is quite difficult to remove the residual COD in the effluent which included soluble microbial products (SMPs). The productions and characteristics of the SMPs were functions of the microbial species, growth environment, rate of substrate utilization, temperature, pH and oxidation/reduction potential, etc. The substances of SMPs were essential not only for meeting the standard of effluent but also for reducing the organics concentration to improve recycle potential of wastewater.
In this study, seeding microorganisms were derived from the sludge of wastewater treatment in the Chaoyang University of Technology. This sludge was acclimated in a sequencing batch reactor which was operated at SRT of 10 days. Acclimated sludge was collected for aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic batch experiments with continued load and endogenous respiration to investigate the characteristics of SMPs production in activated sludge.
Experimental results demonstrated that the amount of utilization associated products (UAP) in aerobic situation were about 4.2 mg DOC/g SS which was lower than the amount in the anoxic or anaerobic situation. After 12 hours, the amount of UAP was increased to 29.2 mg DOC/g SS. As time goes by, the amount was decrease to 12 mg DOC/g SS. Apparently, the organism needed long time for SMPs degradation in aerobic environment. In anoxic environment, the production of SMPs was similar with anaerobic environment, but after 2 hours, the variation of SMPs in anoxic environment was slight. After 24 hours reaction, the amount was decrease to 15.3 mg DOC/g SS. In anaerobic condition, the amount of SMPs was uppermost during 4-6 hour reaction, then, it was decrease to 14.5 mg DOC/g SS. It showed that the production of SMPs was quick; moreover, the rate of biodegradation was also quick.
In the biomass associated products (BAP), the production of SMPs was represented as DOC. The production of SMPs in aerobic environment was increased initially and then reached to a stable value. The amount was increased from 1.4 mg DOC/g SS to 7.6 mg DOC/g SS. Comparing with anoxic and anaerobic environment, the behavior of SMPs production was different.
The molecular weight of major UAP in the initial stage was higher than 100 kDa. Then, the organic substances were decomposed; the compounds of molecular weight lower than 30 kDa was formed. The changes of molecular weight distribution of BAP under different environments showed that more quantity of compounds with lower molecular was present at the initial stage. Due to without feeding of substances for microorganism, some microorganisms were decomposed because of endogenous respiration decade, and some released compounds were consumed by the other microorganisms. The residual was mainly composed of high molecular weight compounds.
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Lin, Tung-Liang, and 林棟樑. "Characteristics of Soluble Microbial Products in Activated Sludge." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s5a9u8.
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碩士<br>朝陽科技大學<br>環境工程與管理系碩士班<br>94<br>Biological wastewater treatment processes employed various microorganisms to reduce and degrade organic substances in wastewater. However, it was difficult to remove the residual organics in the effluent, which usually included the soluble microbial products (SMPs). Therefore, the SMPs were essential not only for meeting the standard of effluent but also for improving potential of wastewater reuse.
In this study, the activated sludge was acclimated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), which operated at different SRT condition. The acclimated sludge was used for batch experiments to investigate the characteristics of SMPs production in activated sludge.
The results showed that in the conditions of anoxic and anaerobic, and the condition of loading, the production of SMPs would be increased because of the with SRT increasing after reacting for 6 hours in the continuous loading under anoxic and anaerobic conditions. In the condition of endogenous, the correlation between the SMPs production and showed less influence when the SRT changing was not evident. That showed that t The production of SMPs would be was limited obviously and below 8 mg C/g MLSS.
In the continuous loading batch experiments, the analysis of molecular weight distribution (MWD) of SMPs showed that , the molecular weight of the most SMPs was higher than 100 kDa at the initial stage; and then it was down to lower than 30 kDa. However, the molecular weight of the most SMPs was lower than 30 kDa in the condition of endogenous at the initial stage; finally, the higher molecular weight substances became the major parts of SMPs in the endogenous experiments.
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Kuo, Chin-Sheng, and 郭謹陞. "Effect of Soluble Microbial Products Hydrophobicity on Membrane Fouling." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52575062981375634328.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>環境工程學研究所<br>99<br>Biological treatment systems with different sludge retention time (SRT), fixed carrier biological system (FCBS) and activated sludge process (ASP) were studied. Membrane permeate flux fluctuation was constantly monitored. The effect of soluble microbial products (SMP) hydrophobicity on membrane fouling was investigated with the use of DAX-8 resin to isolate hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds in water samples, with total organic compound (TOC), carbohydrate and protein were taken as quantitative parameters for hydrophobicity analyze.
Two different membrane pore sizes (30 kDa and 100 kDa) were used in membrane operation. Fiber filter with pore size of 0.1 μm was applied as pretreatment in order to eliminate the impact of suspended solids in water samples on membrane fouling. Effluents from different biological treatment systems (FCBS and ASP) were run through membrane process and it was observed that FCBS effluents contained higher SMP concentrations and caused more significant membrane fouling than effluents from ASP system. The result also suggested that membrane fouling increase with SMP concentrations.
Greater permeate flux decline was observed in membrane process with larger pore size for both FCBS and ASP system. Hydrophobicity analysis indicated hydrophilic contents are the major components of SMP, and the result also indicated that membrane retained more hydrophilic contents than hydrophobic contents. In conclusion, it can be suggested membrane fouling was mainly affected by hydrophilic substances.
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Chen, Yi-min, and 陳依旻. "Characteristics and effects of soluble microbial products in membrane bioreactors." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97562478831002072721.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>環境工程研究所<br>100<br>The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and effects of soluble microbial products (SMP) produced from pre-treatment processes and membrane bioreactors for treating different types of wastewater, including TFT-LCD industry wastewater(TFT-LCD), domestic wastewater(DW), and wool processing industry wastewater(WPI). The samples were analysed with water quality and the composition of SMP for raw wastewater, the influent of MBR, the inside of MBR and the effluent of MBR. After that, the effluent of MBR was filtrated by UF membrane to observe the properties of SMP.
The result shows that TFT-LCD was a high concentration of ammonia-nitrogen wastewater. The removal efficiencies of organic compounds are more than 70% for pre-treatment process. The efficiency was increased to 80% and the MW distribution was changed from between >3kDa and 6kDa to <3kDa after the treatment of MBR. Due to the sufficiency of substrate in MBR, the component of SMP was formed with the major of UAP as well as there was a plenty of the carbohydrate and protein in the effluent of MBR. On the treatment of DW wastewater, which was easily biodegradable, the removal efficiency of organic compounds was 60-80% and MW distribution was changed from >3kDa to <3kDa after the treatment of MBR. Although the removal of organic compounds with double bond was only 5%, the concentration of SMP was low as well as the major component was humic substances analysed by EEM. The component of SMP may infer the major of BAP from the contrast with literature. On the treatment of WPI wastewater, which was a refractory organic wastewater, the removal efficiencies of SCOD and DOC are about 90% for pre-treatment process. These organic compounds were further degraded to acquire another 50% removal efficiency and a little removal of double-bond substance. Consequently, there are more residual humic acids, SMP, high SCOD and DOC concentration in the effluent of MBR. However, the major region of MW distribution was <208Da and the component of SMP was the type of BAP.
On the filtration of 30kDa UF membrane, there is no cake layer on membrane surface and permeate flux decline slowly at the filtration of MBR effluent for TFT-LCD. Nevertheless, the observance found protein-like material and carboxylic acid functional group on the surface of UF membrane. This revealed that most of hydrophobic protein of SMP was rejected by membrane, on the other hand, carbohydrate and humic acid material was permeate into the effluent of UF.
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"Formation of soluble microbial products (SMP) in anaerobic reactors during stress conditions." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações do IBICT, 2004. http://tede.ibict.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=223.
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Tsai, Bor Nein, and 蔡博年. "Characteristics, Coagulation and Filtration of Soluble Microbial Products and Extracellular Polymeric Substances." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48063959260932857614.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>化學工程學研究所<br>95<br>The dissolved organic matters (DOM) in the soluble microbial products (SMP), loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LBEPS), and tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TBEPS) extracted from a wastewater sludge were fractionated using size exclusion chromatography, and were characterized by ultraviolet absorbance at 230, 254, and 280 nm, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents, and the excitation-emission-matrix (EEM) spectra. The DOM of molecular weight (MW) > 20000 Da accounted for 33% for SMP, which incorporated proteins of high aromaticity, and 22% for both LBEPS and TBEPS, which were composed of organic acids-like substances and proteins respectively. Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulation could effectively remove this fraction of DOM. On the other hand, the DOM of MW< 1000 Da were mostly non-aromatic organic acids (and probably also polysaccharides) of low aromaticity for SMP and both EPS, and were hardly removed by PACl coagulation. Based on the EEM and UV absorbance data, proteins of high MW and humic substances were easily removed by PACl coagulation. The present study indicates that, although the chemical characteristics of DOM in SMP and LBEPS were alike, but not identical. The DOM in TBEPS differed significantly from SMP or LBEPS based either on DOC distributions or on EEM fingerprints.
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Chien, Chu-yu, and 簡筑伃. "Effects of operational factors on trentment efficiency and soluble microbial products in Membrane." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38501127128811826314.
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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>環境工程研究所<br>101<br>The objectives of this study were to investigate the treatment efficiency of synthetic wastewater by membrane bioreactor (MBR) and to elucidate the characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) at different operation parameters, including sludge retention time (SRT) 10, 20 and 40 days and influent COD concentration 300, 600 and 900 mg/L.
The results showed that the optimum treatment efficiency was occurred at operation parameter SRT 20 days. On the characteristic effect of SMP, the major component of SMP was carbohydrate and the most utilization substrate for biomass in the MBR was protein, however, the carbohydrate was easily to block the membrane filtration than the protein resulting to the concentration accumulated in the tank of MBR. Owing to the ratio of SCODSMP/SCOD and DOCSMP/DOC in the effluent grater than 90%, that is, the main contains of SCOD and DOC is SMP in the effluent. Furthermore, the concentration of SCODSMP and DOCSMP were increased from the MBR to the effluent showed that the small molecular of SMP, which belonged to UAP (Utilization-Associated Products), was easily to pass through the membrane. On the analysis of EEM, the intensity of EEM spectra of the effluent was smaller than in the tank revealed that larger molecular of SMP, which belonged to BAP (Biomass-Associated Products), was blocked by this membrane.
The treatment efficiency of UV254, SCODSMP, DOCSMP, SCODSMP/SCOD and DOCSMP/DOC was increased with the increase of SRT. This phenomenon revealed that the substrate utilization is increased with the growth of biomass resulting in improve the release of the double bond material and SMP. Because of the excessive biomass growth and the carbon source was insufficient, therefore, SMP was utilized as the food for biomass so that the concentration of SMP was dropt down at SRT 40 days. Nevertheless, the utilization of protein and the generation of carbohydrate were improved so that the ratio of protein to carbohydrate (P/C) was decrease. On the molecular weight distribution, the range of molecular weight distribution of UAP and BAP had a slight increase when the SRT increased. In addition, the concentration of SMP-like analyzed by EEM spectrum in MBR was increased with the increase of SRT due to the decay of the excessive biomass as well as the compositions of SMP was raised in the effluent.
The treatment efficiency was initially increased and then decreased corresponding to the variation of influent COD concentration 300, 600 and 900 mg/L. Simultaneously, the concentration of SCODSMP and DOCSMP also increased when the substrate was sufficient for the metabolism of biomass in MBR. On the molecular weight distribution, the major component of SMP was UAP, however, the concentration of BAP and UAP was similar at influent COD concentration 900 mg/L. Furthermore, the range of molecular weight distribution of BAP and UAP had broadened with the increase of the influent COD concentration. Finally, the concentration of SMP-like analyzed by EEM spectra in MBR was increased with the increase of influent COD concentration due to the substrate was sufficient for the metabolism of biomass in MBR.
Keyword: membrane bioreactor (MBR), soluble microbial products (SMP), sludge retention time (SRT), influent COD concentration
Book chapters on the topic "Soluble microbial products"
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Nagar, Amka, Mohini Singh, Kanu Priya, and Justyna Mozejko-Ciesielska. "Microbial Production of Fat-Soluble Vitamins." In Microbial Products for Health and Nutrition, 241–59. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4235-6_10.
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Barghavi, V., Lopita Swain, Siddhi Gurudeo, and Soumi Sadhu. "Microbial Production of Water-Soluble Vitamins." In Microbial Products for Health and Nutrition, 333–63. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4235-6_14.
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Ni, Bing-Jie. "Fractionating and Determination of the Soluble Microbial Products." In Formation, characterization and mathematical modeling of the aerobic granular sludge, 171–201. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31281-6_8.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Greenhouse produce quality and assessment." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 246–67. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0013.
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Abstract 'Quality' of greenhouse and hydroponic produce implies suitability for a particular purpose or the degree to which certain set standards are met. Aspects of produce quality may encompass sensory properties (appearance, texture, taste and aroma), nutritive values, chemical constituents, mechanical properties, functional properties and defects. Quality standards and testing methods have been developed for most commercial crops to help ensure consumers receive produce of a suitable standard. These quality standards can range from basic grading for removal of damaged produce and for size, shape, weight and overall appearance, to analytical testing for compositional factors such as acidity, volatiles, dry matter, starch and sugars, toxins, vitamins and minerals, and others. This chapter discusses the components of crop quality, quality improvement, cultural practices to improve greenhouse produce quality (nutrient solution electrical conductivity levels, salinity and deficit irrigation), environmental conditions (including light and temperature) affecting quality of greenhouse crops, role of genetics in the quality of greenhouse-grown produce, microbial quality and food safety. Different quality testing and grading methods are described such as colour analysis, total soluble solids (Brix) testing, sensory evaluation of compositional quality, volatiles testing (aroma), texture and firmness quality assessment.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Greenhouse produce quality and assessment." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 246–67. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0246.
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Abstract 'Quality' of greenhouse and hydroponic produce implies suitability for a particular purpose or the degree to which certain set standards are met. Aspects of produce quality may encompass sensory properties (appearance, texture, taste and aroma), nutritive values, chemical constituents, mechanical properties, functional properties and defects. Quality standards and testing methods have been developed for most commercial crops to help ensure consumers receive produce of a suitable standard. These quality standards can range from basic grading for removal of damaged produce and for size, shape, weight and overall appearance, to analytical testing for compositional factors such as acidity, volatiles, dry matter, starch and sugars, toxins, vitamins and minerals, and others. This chapter discusses the components of crop quality, quality improvement, cultural practices to improve greenhouse produce quality (nutrient solution electrical conductivity levels, salinity and deficit irrigation), environmental conditions (including light and temperature) affecting quality of greenhouse crops, role of genetics in the quality of greenhouse-grown produce, microbial quality and food safety. Different quality testing and grading methods are described such as colour analysis, total soluble solids (Brix) testing, sensory evaluation of compositional quality, volatiles testing (aroma), texture and firmness quality assessment.
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Celik, Ahmet. "Hexavalent Chromium." In Sources, Toxicity and Remediation Techniques of Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium and Selenium, 39–95. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053358916.2.
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Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely recognized as a significant environmental pollutant. Predominantly produced through industrial activities, Cr(VI) is extensively utilized in various sectors, including electroplating, tanning, textile dyeing, and chemical manufacturing. Unlike trivalent chromium (Cr(III)), which is less harmful and essential for human health, Cr(VI) is highly soluble, mobile, and capable of penetrating biological membranes, leading to severe toxic effects. Cr(VI) contamination originates from both natural sources, such as weathering of chromium-containing rocks, and anthropogenic activities, notably industrial discharges. Its presence in the environment adversely impacts soil microbial communities and poses substantial health risks to humans and animals, including lung cancer, skin ulcers, and reproductive issues. This chapter highlights the need for effective remediation strategies to address Cr(VI) pollution. It discusses the chemical properties, sources, and environmental and health impacts of hexavalent chromium, emphasizing the pressing necessity for advanced technologies to treat industrial wastewater and mitigate Cr(VI) contamination.
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Poddar, Ruma, Debajyoti Bose, Nisha Nambiar, and Sandeep Poddar. "Sustainable Use of Kitchen Waste in Advanced Microbial Enzyme Production." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 229–47. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-0044-2.ch013.
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Raw vegetable and fruit materials' processing waste as well as kitchen waste is a big environmental issue in recent scenario. Management of this food processing materials causes major environmental pollution. One of the best solutions is enzyme production through vegetable and fruit peels as medium by microbial fermentation. The main aim of this review is to find out the recent advances of enzyme production through fruits and vegetables peels by microbial fermentation. Fruit and vegetable waste is rich in hydrolyzable elements and fiber, especially soluble sugars. It has already been proved that different fruit and vegetable peels are good sources of different enzymes which are valuable products in different industries. Therefore, the use of food waste from the processing of fruits and vegetables to create new products with additional value is an exciting field of study.
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Lee, Kibaek, Seonki Lee, Jaewoo Lee, Xiaolei Zhang, and Sang Hyun Lee. "Roles of soluble microbial products and extracellular polymeric substances in membrane fouling." In Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 45–79. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819809-4.00003-6.
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Rajwar, Deepika, Mamta Bisht, and J. P. N. Rai. "Wastewater Treatment." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 162–74. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3126-5.ch010.
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In recent years, stringent discharge standards prior to the release of effluent into the water bodies have led to implementation of diverse advanced biological treatment processes in various industries. Biological treatment is a fundamental part of industrial wastewater treatment, contains soluble inorganic/organic pollutants. Being a cost-effective process, biological treatment has an economic advantage over chemical and physical processes. It employs a range of microorganisms which as a community form a microbial biofilm. Microbial biofilm provides a diverse range of micro-niches to microbial communities and protection from physical agitation to support metabolic potential and functional stability. Currently, biofilms are applied in wastewater treatment, degradation of toxic waste in water and soil and production of various commercial products. Intensive exploration has proved the importance of biofilm as a highly promising biotechnology, especially in wastewater treatment.
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Stuckey, D. C. "Anaerobic membrane bioreactors." In Anaerobic Treatment of Domestic Wastewater, 51–92. IWA Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789063479_0051.
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Abstract Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) are a recent development in wastewater treatment driven by concerns about energy use and sludge disposal. It separates hydraulic retention time from solid retention time enabling short retention times (as low as 3–6 h, but normally 12–24 h), and excellent performance (85–95% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, no effluent solids and high bacterial/virus removal). It produces low-sludge yields (0.04–0.12 g sludge/g CODrem), and methane in both the gas and dissolved in the effluent (lower temperatures yield higher soluble methane). It can be net energy positive depending on its configuration, for example, using ‘dynamic membranes’, mechanically shaken membrane or a two-stage granular activated carbon (GAC) bed reactor. However, membranes ranging from ultrafiltration (0.04 μm) to microfiltration (0.4 μm) foul quite quickly, with Soluble Microbial Products (SMPs)/Extra Cellular Polymers (ECPs-which include extracellular polysaccharides) and cells depositing and growing on the surface. At a certain cell density Quorum Sensing (QS) occurs and there is a rapid increase in trans-membrane pressure (‘TMP jump’). Fouling can be ameliorated by managed gas sparging, mechanical shaking, addition of flocculants/adsorbents, for example, powdered activated carbon, or quorum quenching. Nevertheless, some fouling is important as it enhances membrane performance. Due to the membrane rejecting cells and many low molecular weight solutes, AnMBRs tolerate shock loads and toxins well, and enable microbial adaptation to occur. However, to improve performance more research is needed to minimize overall energy use, explore enhanced performance with bioaugmentation, enhance rates of solid hydrolysis, optimize its performance in the overall flowsheet (global optimization), use life-cycle analysis to reduce its environmental impact, control sulphate reduction and improve post-treatment of effluents to enable water recycling.
Conference papers on the topic "Soluble microbial products"
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Horn, J., S. Martin, B. Masterson, and T. Lian. "Biochemical Contributions to Corrosion of Carbon Steel and Alloy 22 in a Continual Flow System." In CORROSION 1999, 1–17. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99162.
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Abstract Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) may decrease the functional lifetime of nuclear waste packaging materials in the potential geologic repository at Yucca Mountain (YM), Nevada. Biochemical contributions to corrosion of package materials are being determined in reactors containing crushed repository-site rock with the endogenous microbial community, and candidate waste package materials. These systems are being continually supplied with simulated ground water. Periodically, bulk chemistries are analyzed on the system outflow, and surfacial chemistries are assessed on withdrawn material coupons. Both Fe and Mn dissolved from C1020 coupons under conditions that included the presence of YM microorganisms. Insoluble corrosion products remained in a reduced state at the coupon surface, indicating at least a localized anoxic condition; soluble reduced Mn and Fe were also detected in solution, while precipitated and spalled products were oxidized. Alloy 22 surfaces showed a layer of chrome oxide, almost certainly in the Cr(III) oxidation state, on microcosm-exposed coupons, while no soluble chrome was detected in solution. The results of these studies will be compared to identical testing on systems containing sterilized rock to generate, and ultimately predict, microbial contributions to waste package corrosion chemistries.
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Williams, Terry M., and Christine Schultz. "A New Solid Isothiazolone Biocide for Industrial Water Treatment." In CORROSION 2011, 1–13. NACE International, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2011-11390.
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Abstract Non-oxidizing biocides are widely used in industrial water treatment system and are typically formulated as liquid products. Several solid biocide formulations of non-oxidizers are also formulated as solids, including DBNPA (dibromonitrilopropionamide) and bronopol (bromonitropropanediol). Recently, a novel solid formulation of chloromethyl-methylisothiazolone (CMIT/MIT) biocide has been developed for microbial control in small to medium sized cooling water systems. CMIT/MIT is well recognized for its excellent broad spectrum activity versus various types of bacteria, (including Legionella, biofilm-formers and sulfate-reducers), algae and fungi. This new isothiazolone solid tablet dissolves rapidly and has improved safety and handling features versus liquid formulations. The tablet is completely water soluble, leaves no residue, has good compatibility with standard materials of construction, and is wrapped in a protective water soluble outer film. This paper will describe the physical-chemical characteristics of the new solid isothiazolone biocide, provide results of lab studies, and review other non-oxidizing biocide solid formulations currently in use today.
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Hu Xi-quan. "Formation of soluble microbial products (SMP) in an anaerobic sludge system." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5987412.
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Holakoo, Ladan, George Nakhla, Ernest Yanful, and Amarjeet Bassi. "Effect of Soluble Microbial Products on Simultaneous Nitrification-Denitrification in MBRs." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)271.
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Yang, Qi-Yong, Wei-ping Zhang, and Xin-hua Zhang. "Performance of Soluble microbial products in hybrid membrane bioreactor with suspended carriers." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965968.
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Garcia, Alfonso, Trevor Place, Michael Holm, Jennifer Sargent, and Andrew Oliver. "Pipeline Sludge Sampling for Assessing Internal Corrosion Threat." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33113.
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Internal corrosion sometimes occurs under deposits of solid particles on the bottom of transmission pipelines. The solids trap water with soluble products and other nutrients which can support the development of microbial communities and may lead to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC). Corrosion processes associated with the metabolic activities of specific bacteria have been discussed elsewhere, but the simple presence of large microbial populations may increase the risk of internal corrosion owing to the ability of biofilms to extract and concentrate water at the pipe floor. As a method to monitor the internal corrosion threat in transmission pipelines and recommend mitigating activities for corrosion management, reliable microbial content and corrosion activity correlations are desired. Sludge samples have been obtained from cleaning pigs at the pipe trap and analyzed using Biological Activity Reaction Test (BART™) (or serial dilution test), Dean-Stark analysis, XRD and EDX. These tests provide information about certain bacterial populations, water / solid / hydrocarbon content, and crystalline/elemental composition of these solids, respectively. Despite best efforts, bacterial population/activity of pipeline sludge samples exhibit high variability and are difficult to correlate to actual internal corrosion in a pipeline. Considering that bacterial populations in pipeline sludge may be a meaningful representation of the internal corrosion threat to a transmission pipeline, a more rigorous approach on the sludge sampling procedure is necessary to improve the accuracy and reliability of the bacterial assays. It is also important to control such variables as storage temperature of the samples, exposure to air, and storage duration prior to enumeration — as these may affect the viability of the sample and enumeration results. This report presents historical pipeline sludge analysis data and suggests a method to evaluate data containing high variability. Practical recommendations to reduce data variability through handling and storage of sludge samples are also discussed.
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Shim, Youn Young, Clara Olivia, Xian-Guo Zou, Young Jun Kim, and Martin Reaney. "Stability of Novel Peptides (linusorbs) in Flaxseed Meal Fortified Gluten-free Bread." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/mfmf5716.
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Flaxseed meal is rich in water-soluble gums and, as such, can improve texture in gluten-free products. Flaxseed bioactive-antioxidant peptides, linusorbs (LOs, a.k.a. cyclolinopeptides), are a class of molecules that may contribute health-promoting effects. The effects of dough preparation, baking, and storage on flaxseed-derived LOs stability in doughs and baked products are unknown. Gluten-free (GF) bread dough and bread were prepared with flaxseed meal and the LO content was determined in the flaxseed meal, bread flour containing the flaxseed meal, bread dough, and bread. The LO content during storage (0, 1, 2, and 4 weeks) at different temperatures (−18 °C, 4 °C, and 22−23 °C) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The content of oxidized LOs like [1–9-NαC],[1(Rs,Ss)-MetO]-linusorb B2 (LO14) were substantially constant in flaxseed meal and flour produced from flaxseed meal under all conditions for up to four weeks. However, during GF-bread production LOs decreased. Due to microbial contamination dough could not be stored at either 4 or 21°C, and bread could only be stored for one week at 21°C. Up to four weeks of storage was possible for bread and dough at −18 °C and bread at 4 °C without the loss of LOs. The LOs change during processing and storage. The concentration of reduced LOs in flour and meal were much higher than measured in dough and bread. There was not a corresponding increase in oxidized LOs. The LOs in flaxseed meal-fortified bread were stable for products stored at low temperatures to preserve LOs. This study is the first of the impact of baking conditions on LOs content and quality.
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Bobeck, Elizabeth. "Bioactive lipids and related nutrients in companion animal and poultry diets for reducing inflammation and improving immunity." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/vqxl3869.
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Beyond meeting nutritional requirements for growth and maintenance, select dietary ingredients can have additional effects, intended or not, on animal physiology and immune function. Diets can be enriched to benefit the animal, and a dual benefit can be achieved in the case of enriching animal products for the downstream human consumer. Many immune-altering nutrients are fat-soluble, including Vitamin E and D. Importantly, dietary lipids themselves can impact immune function; therefore, a focused and intentional selection of specific dietary fats, specifically omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), is one method to alter inflammatory cascades in animals consuming the diet. Examples of other related ingredients to which the immune system is responsive include zinc and probiotics. While work in human, livestock, and companion animal models is working to identify therapeutic inclusion rates for these nutrients and ingredients, it should be noted that physiological alterations are seen in both over and under-inclusion and are nutrient-specific. For example, inclusion above currently recommended levels may optimize immune function and reduce inflammation in the case of vitamin D or omega-3 PUFA, while for zinc, additional pharmacological supplementation above requirements may inhibit immune function. Importantly, when a diet is formulated to reduce overall systemic inflammation, it must be considered that important “background†functions of the immune system, including monitoring for and clearing pathogenic microbial populations, may be down-regulated due to a general reduction in immune reactivity. Continued work to understand how diet and nutrition impact immunity, and how to balance inflammation through nutrition, is an area of active research and will inform downstream users how to best use data to impact consumers of that feed in desirable ways.
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Barber, Steven T., Josh M. Dranoff, and Thomas A. Trabold. "Initial Assessment of Microbial Fuel Cells for the Treatment of Tofu Processing Waste." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49558.
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Due to ever increasing industrial organic material wastewater regulations, there is growing interest in the food production industry for technologies to mitigate soluble waste discharges. Currently, food manufacturers in NYS with wastewaters that have high concentrations of soluble organic material, indicated by its chemical oxygen demand (COD), are charged substantial premiums by publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) to dispose of their high COD wastewaters. As a result, these producers are keen on pursuing more economical and sustainable alternatives. One novel option is a microbial fuel cell (MFC), a recently developed type of bioreactor that greatly reduces soluble COD by harnessing the electrochemical potential found in the chemical bonds of these organic materials through redox reactions under anaerobic conditions facilitated by exoelectrogenic microorganisms. MFC technology treating homogeneous substrates such as acetate at the laboratory scale has advanced to the point where COD removal efficiencies of over 90% are commonly achieved; however, efficiencies at treating less uniform, high COD level industrial scale food manufacturing wastewaters have only been investigated in a handful of studies. Since most real world wastewaters are non-uniform, MFC performance characterization of treating these actual discharges is crucial in determining their efficacy and cost effectiveness in large scale applications. To help fill this gap, this paper gives a relative efficacy comparison of five identical 3 L bench scale single chamber and three dual chamber MFC configurations (SCMFCs and DCMFCs, respectively) to a simulated POTW aeration process treating high COD whey effluent from a tofu manufacturing plant. Standard parametric EPA water quality tests of COD reduction were performed to assess the extent of the MFCs and POTW simulant effectiveness. COD levels in the MFC’s were reduced between 72% and 92%, while the POTW aeration process reduced levels 98%. This corroborates previously published studies showing that POTW systems are effective in reducing COD, but also that MFCs could be a more sustainable option due to their unique ability to directly produce, rather than consume, electric current. While these findings are promising, more studies are required to accurately determine the relative proportion of bioelectrochemical and methanogenic processes in the actual lowering of the COD levels.
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Pathanibul, Panchalee, Pitchayanin Boonjun, and Sairung Sae-heng. "DEVELOPMENT OF KOMBUCHA FROM BLACK TEA AND DRIED ORANGE PEEL TEA." In THE 2023 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CREATIITY, MANAGEMENT, EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES. EDUCATION STUDIO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62788/mm785sh.
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Kombucha is a fermented tea beverage prepared by inoculating sweetened tea with symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). SCOBY is generally perceived as a cellulose-based thick biofilm floating in kombucha. Kombucha has been gaining increasing attention globally owing to its numerous health benefits. In this study, the first aim was to investigate the effect of SCOBY age on the quality of kombucha produced. Results showed that the color values of kombucha made from SCOBYs with 1, 3, 6 weeks of age were statistically different (p≤0.05). The 6-week-old SCOBY contributed to the overall darkest color (L*=41.07) as well as the lowest pH (3.13) and the highest acidity (0.39%) of kombucha. However, total soluble solids, ethanol content, antioxidant activity, and microbial counts were similar among kombucha produced from various ages of SCOBY (p>0.05). The second aim was to evaluate the possibility to develop a new flavor of kombucha by incorporating dried orange peel tea (0, 15, 30%) into the black tea base (15%). Kombucha including 30% orange peel tea displayed the darkest color (L*=35.44) compared with the one containing only black tea (L*=63.09). Orange peel tea addition significantly had an impact on the final kombucha regarding decreased ethanol content and microbial counts, and increased antioxidant capacity (p≤0.05). Kombucha with 15% orange peel tea received the highest acceptance by panelists in more sensory quality attributes (p≤0.05). Black tea in combination with dried orange peel tea was promising as the starting teas for developing a novel flavor of kombucha with enhanced health benefits.