Academic literature on the topic 'Sols forestiers – Analyse'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sols forestiers – Analyse"
Belingard, Christelle, Lucien Tessier, and Jean-Louis Édouard. "Reboisement et dynamique naturelle dans les forêts sub-alpines (Haut-Verdon, Alpes du Sud, France)." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 52, no. 2 (October 2, 2002): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004767ar.
Full textKleinschroth, Fritz, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Valéry Gond, Plinio Sist, and John R. Healey. "LOGGING ROADS IN TROPICAL FORESTS: SYNTHESIS OF LITERATURE WRITTEN IN FRENCH AND ENGLISH HIGHLIGHTS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REDUCTION THROUGH IMPROVED ENGINEERING." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 328, no. 328 (July 20, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2016.328.a31299.
Full textDEFO, C., V. DANG MVONGO, A. NARE RAYIM WENDÉ, P. F. NGUEMA NGUEMA, B. EFON, A. L. KAMEGNE KAMTOH, and J. O. DOMDJANG. "Dynamiques de l’occupation des sols et leurs effets sur l’eau de surface du bassin versant de la Kienké, Sud Cameroun (Afrique centrale)." 7-8, no. 7-8 (August 22, 2022): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202207049.
Full textELAIEB, Mohamed Tahar, Abdelhamid KHALDI, and Kévin CANDELIER. "IMPACTS OF LOCATION AND FORESTRY CONDITIONS ON SOME PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF NORTHERN TUNISIAN PINUS PINEA L. WOOD." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 324, no. 324 (March 17, 2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2015.324.a31267.
Full textDubiez, Emilien, Timothée Yamba Yamba, Baby Mvolo, and Vincent Freycon. "Perception locale des sols et de leur évolution dans des terroirs en cours de savanisation des populations Batandu en République démocratique du Congo." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 319, no. 319 (January 1, 2014): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2014.319.a20549.
Full textHaddouche, Idriss, Idriss Haddouche, and Mohammed Gacemi. "Analyse spatiale de la régénération forestière post-incendie de la forêt de Fergoug à Mascara, Algérie." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 307, no. 307 (March 1, 2011): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2011.307.a20478.
Full textKatembera Ciza, Salomon, Jean-Fiston Mikwa, Augustin Cirhuza Malekezi, Valéry Gond, and Faustin Boyemba Bosela. "IDENTIFICATION DES MOTEURS DE DÉFORESTATION DANS LA RÉGION D’ISANGI, RÉPUBLIQUE DÉMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 324, no. 324 (March 17, 2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2015.324.a31264.
Full textOUATTARA, Brama, Lassina SANOU, Jonas KOALA, and Mipro HIEN. "Perceptions locales de la dégradation des ressources naturelles du corridor forestier de la Boucle du Mouhoun au Burkina Faso." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 352 (May 1, 2022): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2022.352.a36935.
Full textBélanger, N., W. H. Hendershot, M. Bouchard, and S. Jolicoeur. "Identification des compartiments responsables de la qualité des eaux de surface d'un petit bassin versant du centre du Nouveau-Brunswick (Canada): application et analyse du modèle hydrochimique EMMA." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 117–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705300ar.
Full textAraújo, Alan Nunes, and Wanessa Pinheiro Prates. "MODELAGEM MATEMÁTICO-ESPACIAL NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE FRAGILIDADES AMBIENTAIS DA MICROBACIA DO RIO JARUCU, MUNICÍPIO DE BRASIL NOVO – PA." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 4, no. 12 (March 22, 2018): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.v4n12p207-226.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Sols forestiers – Analyse"
Barataud, Fabienne. "Analyse physique des transferts hydriques dans un sol forestier à plusieurs échelles spatiales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL026N.
Full textKokutse, Nomessi Kuma. "Modélisation du renforcement des sols et analyse numérique de l'impact de la structure des peuplements forestiers sur la stabilité des pentes. Applications à l'éco-ingénierie." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13587.
Full textDemenois, Julien. "Quelle influence des symbioses mycorhiziennes et des traits racinaires sur l'érosion des sols tropicaux ? Application à la restauration écologique des écosystèmes forestiers dégradés de Nouvelle-Calédonie sur Ferralsols développés sur substrats ultramafiques." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AGPT0011.
Full textTropical forest ecosystems cover nearly half of the world's forest area. These ecosystems provide basic services for the well-being of our societies (e.g. regulation of material flows, soil preservation) are particularly affected (loss and degradation of forests) by global changes. New Caledonia, and its ultramafic substrates, is no exception to this trend. Mining and fires are responsible for forest regression, fragmentation, degradation and soil erosion. The archipelago is ranked among the hotspots of global biodiversity and the ecological restoration of these ecosystems is a major challenge. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the ecological restoration of the forests of New Caledonia in order to limit the erosion of soils on ultramafic substrates and is part of the disciplinary field of the ecology of restoration. The scientific objective is to study the influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis and root traits on the erosion of Ferralsols developed on ultramafic substrates through a multi-scale approach. In the first part, we highlight the floristic and structural characteristics of plant communities on ultramafic substrates. These suggest an increased expression of the root traits of dominant species in monodominant forests. The central place of fire and cyclones in the dynamics of plant succession is also emphasized, as well as mycorrhizal symbioses in maintaining the monodominance of Nothofagus aequilateralis. In the second part, our work suggests the existence of a biotic threshold between degraded ligno-herbaceous maquis and ligno-herbaceous maquis. Repeated fires would be the main cause of crossing this threshold. The increase in plant biomass would be the key factor contributing to the stability of the aggregates between these two stages. Thus, fire protection combined with the promotion of plant successions through the use of potentially facilitating species such as Costularia arundinacea could be an efficient strategy for limiting erosion of Ferralsols. In addition, the influence of plant (e.g. floristic composition) and fungal communities (e.g. biomass) on the stability of aggregates is clearly highlighted. The third part aims to evaluate the ability of plant species, combined with mycorrhizal fungi, to increase the stability of aggregates, but also to identify root traits and mycorrhizal associations contributing to this increase. In this section, we demonstrate that the combination of high values for “Root Mass Density - Root Length Density – percentage of fine roots” is effective in increasing aggregate stability. Moreover, the efficacy of this combination of root traits is enhanced by mycorrhizal symbiosis. Thus, of the three plant species evaluated, Costularia arundinacea would be the most effective tool species for increasing the stability of aggregates. This work allowed us to highlight the influence of root traits and mycorrhizal symbiosis on the stability of soil aggregates on Ferralsols on ultramafic substrates, at the scale of plant communities or at the level of plant species. To our knowledge, these results are the first to be acquired on this type of soil. These results make it possible to formulate proposals for the ecological restoration of forest ecosystems in New Caledonia in order to limit soil erosion on ultramafic substrates, but also to sketch new avenues of research
Hatton, Pierre-Joseph. "Séquestration du carbone et de l’azote des feuilles de hêtre dans les associations organo-minérales du sol : Approches macroscopiques, nanométriques & moléculaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0050.
Full textOrgano-mineral associations play a key role in the long-term sequestration of organic matter in forest soils. However, knowledge about the contribution of the different types of organo-mineral associations and the microbial processes involved in soil organic matter stabilisation is scant. To solve it, stable isotope techniques have been combined with the sequential density fractionation of organo-mineral associations. Isolated fractions were investigated in field and in lab, at different temporal (from 8 hours to 12 years) and spatial scales (macro-, submicron- and molecular scales).Four types of organo-mineral associations were distinguished: plant debris with little mineral attached, plant aggregates, microbial aggregates and mineral grains. Isotopically labeled beech leaf litters were tracked at a decadal time-scale to reveal transfers in between organo-mineral associations. Both litter-derived carbon and nitrogen entered the soil as plant fragments to progressively pass through plant and microbial aggregates. Aggregates appeared particularly meaningful for the stabilisation of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen at a decadal time-scale. Little of the litter-derived carbon and nitrogen was found quickly stabilized to mineral grains. Microbial activities appeared as a major controlling factor for the evolvement of organo-mineral associations, responsive for the transfers of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen. Indeed, plant debris colonized by microorganisms are progressively trapped into plant aggregates. As decomposition proceeds, plant aggregates disrupt into denser microbial aggregates. These aggregates are loaded with lesser organic matter, but enriched in stable microbial materials.Stabilisation by soil microorganisms has been studied at the macro-, submicronand molecular- scales, using mostly NanoSIMS and LC-IRMS. Microbial stabilization operated (i) directly through immobilization in microbial cells and, (ii) indirectly through large production of extracellular microbial products. By calibrating the NanoSIMS for accurate C/N ratios, extracellular microbial products have been shown to be stabilized onto organo-mineral associations without apparent control of the mineral-attached organic matter chemistry. The incorporation of 13C tracers into amino sugars, biomarkers of bacterial and fungal biomasses, revealed that living microorganisms grow where the resource is, but accumulate in microbial aggregates. Microbial biomasses moved from plant debris to microbial aggregates, likely along with the transfers of decaying litter residues as described above.This work points aggregates as meaningful organo-mineral associations for the sequestration of litter-derived carbon and nitrogen at the decadal time-scale. It also revealed the role of microorganisms in the transfers and stabilization of litterderived carbon and nitrogen within organo-mineral associations
Kaushal, Parvinder. "Analyse écophysiologique des effets de stress liés aux transplantations des arbres forestiers." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10299.
Full textFedele, Giacomo. "Stratégies de gestion des terres dans les réponses aux aléas climatiques en Indonésie." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0021.
Full textEcosystems play an important role in strategies for facing climate change because they address both its causes and effects through the delivery of ecosystem services. Ecosystems act as safety nets for rural livelihoods and as buffers against damages by supplying provisioning services (e.g., food and timber) and regulating services (e.g., water regulation and erosion control). In addition, carbon sequestration by ecosystems contributes to mitigate climate change. Land management affects ecosystem services in diverse ways and, because of trade-offs, can enhance the supply of one ecosystem service of interest at the expense of others. For example, the conversion of forests to agriculture to increase food production may degrade water regulation. Although trade-offs are recognized, knowledge on how changes in land management affect ecosystem services and their beneficiaries is still limited. This research aims to increase our understanding of how land management changes impact the resilience of local communities to climate hazards and the provision of ecosystem services at regional and global level. We combined multi-disciplinary and participatory methods to analyze changes in the management of forests and trees in the responses of local communities to climate hazards. Across four rural communities affected by floods and droughts in tropical forest landscapes in Indonesia, we inventoried forests, surveyed households, discussed with focus groups, and analysed satellite images. To analyse how ecosystem services are affected by changes in land management, we developed a conceptual framework to account for the multiple human contributions in the delivery of ecosystem services. The findings showed how communities used ecosystems in their responses to climatic impacts and how changes in land management affected the supply of ecosystem services. In the study sites with least forests, communities had the highest needs for forest ecosystem services to help them adapt to drought. Between 5 and 45% of the households reported at least one coping strategy based on products from forests and trees, for example harvesting timber or collecting leaves, rubber, and wild vegetables. Several anticipatory strategies at the community level aimed to protect or restore forests to reduce the impacts of droughts and floods on soil and water. Communities were not passive beneficiaries of ecosystem services but actively contributed to their delivery in multiple ways. They managed land, mobilized human and human-made assets (e.g. skills, fertilizers), allocated benefits, and appreciated their contribution to well-being. Such actions determined who benefited from ecosystems and how. The human contributions in the delivery of ecosystem services depended on community rules (e.g. logging restrictions or taxes), assets (e.g. access to transportation or irrigation systems), values (e.g. perception of environmental degradation), and spatial factors (e.g., location of houses and crops in disaster prone areas). The land management strategies of local communities in response to climate hazards also affected the delivery of ecosystem services at regional and global scales, through changes in biodiversity, water regulation, and carbon sequestration. An improved understanding of human inputs and trade-offs in the delivery of ecosystem services can inform the design of sound ecosystem-based solutions for strengthening the resilience of local people to climate hazards while providing other global benefits for sustainable development
Jammali, Safa. "Analyse des signaux radars polarimétriques en bandes C et L pour le suivi de l'humidité du sol de sites forestiers." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9526.
Full textAbstract : Over forest canopies, soil moisture monitoring allows to prevent many disasters such as paludification, fires and floods. As this parameter is very dynamic in space and time, its large-scale estimation is a great challenge, hence the use of radar remote sensing. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor is commonly used due to its wide spatial coverage and its high spatial resolution. Unlike bare soils and agricultural areas, only few investigations focused on the monitoring of soil moisture over forested areas due to the complexity of the scattering processes in this kind of medium. Indeed, the high attenuation of soil contribution by the vegetation and the high vegetation volume contribution significantly reduce the sensitivity of the radar signal to soil moisture. Studies conducted at C-band have shown that the radar signal mainly comes from the upper layer and it quickly saturates with the vegetation density. However, very few studies have explored the potential of polarimetric parameters derived from a fully polarimetric sensor such as RADARSAT-2, to monitor soil moisture over forest canopies. With its large penetration’s depth, vegetation cover effect is less important at L-band, allowing thus to better inform on soil moisture. The main objective of this project is to monitor soil moisture from fully polarime tric L and C bands radar data acquired over forested sites. The data used were collected during the field campaign of Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation EXperiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12) which took place from June 6 to July 17, 2012 in Manitoba (Canada). Four deciduous forested sites were sampled. The main species is the trembling aspen. The data used included measurements of soil moisture, soil surface roughness, characteristics of the forested sites (trees, undergrowth, litter, etc.) and fully polarimetric airborne and satellite radar data respectively acquired at L-band (UAVSAR) with 30 ̊ and at 40 ̊ incidence angles and at C-band (RADARSAT -2) between 20 ̊ and 30 ̊. Several polarimetric parameters were derived from UAVSAR and RADARSAT-2 data: the correlation c oefficients (ρHHVV, φHHVV, etc); the pedestal height; entropy (H), anisotropy (A) and alpha angle extracted from Cloude-Pottier decomposition; surface (Ps) and double bounce (Pd) scattering powers extracted from Freeman-Durden decomposition, etc. Relationships between radar backscattering data (multifrequency and multipolarisation (linear/circular) backscattering coefficients and polarimetric parameters) and soil moisture were developed and analyzed. The results showed that 1) at L-band, several optimal parameters allow soil moisture monitoring over forested sites with a significant correlation coefficient (p-value < 0.05): linear and circular σ[superscript 0] (the correlation coefficient, r, varies between 0.60 and 0.96), Ps (r varies between 0.59 and 0.84), Pd (r varies between 0.60 and 0.82), ρHHHV_30 ̊, ρVVHV_30 ̊, φHHHV_30 ̊ and φHHVV_30 ̊ (r varies between 0.56 and 0.81). However, at C-band, there are only few optimal parameters φHHHV, φVVHV and φHHVV (r is around 0.90) . 2) at L-band, polarimetric parameters did not show any added values for soil moisture monitoring over forested sites compared to multipolarised σ[superscript 0]. Nevertheless, at C-band some polarimetric parameters show better significant relationships with the soil moisture than the conventional multipolarised backscattering amplitudes.
Plassin, Sophie. "Élever des bovins dans des paysages éco-efficients. Comprendre et modéliser le processus d’intensification dans les fermes d’élevage d’Amazonie orientale brésilienne." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0028.
Full textAfter 50 years of agricultural expansion in Eastern Brazilian Amazon, environmental policy to reduce deforestation and a set of socio-economic drivers are putting constraints on extensive cattle ranching systems. In response, land use intensification has been gaining momentum as a way to improve livestock production in limited land areas and conserve forest. The process of land-use intensification is poorly understood in this region, particularly in its spatial dimension and in its contribution towards building eco-efficient landscapes, i.e. landscapes where practices and their spatial distribution optimize the use of natural resources. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to document and model the interactions between cattle ranchers’ decisions, landscapes and natural resources in a diversity of cattle farms.Firstly, we conducted a field research in two livestock-oriented regions of Pará state, Paragominas and Redenção. Drawing on interviews, landscape and farm trajectories analysis, we characterized six patterns of intensification, studied what perceptions cattle ranchers have on certain types of natural resources and described the effects of land-use management on such resources. Secondly, we developed an Agent-Based Model to simulate over 20 years the effects of intensive farming strategies on landscape and their natural resources, and assess the feasibility of adopting such management in various agrarian situations. We used the model to compare two scenarios of intensification: one semi-intensive solely based on improved pasture managenement and one intensive based on crop-livestock integration and irrigation.The results show that the process of intensification has led to a spatial rearrangement of land uses. Cattle ranchers prefer to intensify fields with the best biophysical conditions for forage production, as well as those closest to and most accessible from the farmstead. The intensification strategies aim at enhancing the use of multiple natural resources (topography, soil fertility, soil drainage, access to surface and groundwater for irrigation) and optimizing land-use configuration at farm scale. By contrast, during the colonization period, land-use organization was much less correlated to the spatial distribution of natural resources (except for soil fertility from forest ash and surface water), the main goal of farmers being land appropriation. Nevertheless, choice of farming practices and their spatial location differ among farms and according to the degree of heterogeneity of biophysical conditions. Moreover, simulation results show that the process of intensification can reduce the area necessary for animal production. Thus, cattle ranchers can increase herd size while sparing land for forest regeneration. However, low labor availability limits the spatial extent of land-use intensification at farm scale. In terms of landscape dynamics, cattle ranchers locate land-uses according to geomorphological units differently, which leads to various spatio-temporal dynamics of natural resources.Reconciling cattle ranching production and forest conservation in eco-efficient landscape remains an important challenge for Brazilian Amazon. The findings illustrate the importance of assessing the landscape areas most suitable for agricultural intensification and for conservation drawing on knowledge about cattle ranchers projects and the effects of their practices and spatial location on natural resources. Several opportunities and challenges are identified to tackle such challenge. New research perspectives related to decisions understanding, modeling and extension of the scale of analysis are proposed in order to take into account the influence of external factors on decisions and include more ecological and social interactions
Gégout, Jean-Claude. "Etude des relations entre les ressources minérales du sol et la végétation forestière dans les Vosges." Nancy 1, 1995. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1995_0162_GEGOUT.pdf.
Full textDuquesnay, Anne. "Changements de la composition foliaire et de la productivité des hêtraies dans le quart nord-est de la France entre 1970 et 1995." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10286.
Full textBooks on the topic "Sols forestiers – Analyse"
Wilford, David J. Forest management on fans: Hydrogeomorphic hazards and general prescriptions. [Victoria]: British Columbia, Ministry of Forests, Forest Science Program, 2005.
Find full textForest Management on Fans: Hydrogeomorphic Hazards and General Prescriptions. Not Avail, 2003.
Find full textReports on the topic "Sols forestiers – Analyse"
À la croisée des chemins: Tendances dominantes dans la reconnaissance des droits fonciers communautaires entre 2002 et 2017. Rights and Resources Initiative, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/qpej4692.
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