Academic literature on the topic 'Solomon Islands'

The first account of the genus Copelatus Erichson, 1832 in the Solomon Islands is provided, reporting 10 species for the Archipelago. Six of these are new to science: C. baranensissp. nov., C. laevipennissp. nov., C. urceolussp. nov., and C. variistriatussp. nov. from Guadalcanal and C. bougainvillensissp. nov., and C. kietensissp. nov. from Bougainville. Copelatus tulagicus Guignot, 1942, described from Tulaghi Island of the Solomons, is recorded from Guadalcanal and Santa Isabel for the first time. The widely distributed Australasian C. portior Guignot, 1956 is reported from the Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal and Ontong Java Atoll) for the first time. Two species from Guadalcanal remain unidentified since they are so far known only from a limited number of females.

The limited petroleum search which has taken place in Pacific island arc areas has focused mainly on deep forearc or intra-arc basins, so far without success. Very few exploration wells have been drilled. The interpretation of the results of marine geophysical and geological surveys and research carried out in the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, southwestern Pacific, suggests that the thick volcaniclastic depocentres probably lack major petroleum potential. However, the margins of the basins are likely to be much more prospective. Marginal marine environments bordering the basins may generate immense quantities of organic material favourable to petroleum generation, and this material can be fed into deep basins adjacent to reefal reservoirs. In the Solomons and Vanuatu, where no exploration wells have been drilled, this marginal marine play greatly enhances prospectivity - and, by extrapolation, also that of other arc systems. In particular, source beds may be present. Promising target areas in the Solomons and Vanuatu include Iron Bottom Basin adjacent to Guadalcanal, the southwestern flank of the Solomon High from Choiseul through Santa Isabel - Florida Islands - northern Guadalcanal (especially the Manning Strait area), the area between the Shortland Islands and western Choiseul, Vanikolo Basin, the western margins of the North and South Aoba Basins, and possibly the Malekula and Mbokokimbo Basins.

This study examines factors influencing adoption and continuance of beef cattle production by Solomon Islanders, focussing on the Group Cattle Ranches, from an institutional perspective. Solomon Islanders have been participating in the beef cattle industry through various government initiatives, supported by external development assistance, since the late 1960s. Until 1984, the focus was on smallholder beef cattle production systems in a mini-European cattle ranch model. Concurrent with this type of smallholder development, other systems of beef production were evolving. In 1984, there was a move away from smallholder beef cattle development to livestock development initiatives. Within these, other beef production systems were targetted for funding. There were ambitious programs for the development of the cattle industry, initially destined to be an export industry, but then reduced to a plan for self-sufficiency in order to minimise imports. The smallholder beef cattle industry, the dominant beef cattle production system, was struggling and the industry went into a rapid decline. In this atmosphere of degeneration, there appeared to be Group Cattle Ranches operating which were reportedly not following this downward trend. The general hypothesis for the study is: That by the identification of the factors influencing adoption and continuance of the beef cattle ranch system in the Solomon Islands, future development strategies could be made more effective. The study examined in a contextual framework factors influencing adoption and continuance of beef production by Solomon Islanders, using personal interview involving structured questionnaires. Interviews were conducted within case studies of the two existing Group Cattle Ranches, Suisae and Tenaru, with the respective managers and with key institutional personnel providing supporting services to the Solomon Islands beef cattle industry. From the responses, factors influencing adoption and continuance were explored with regard to antecedent and intervening variables, from different perspectives, in order to understand the reasons for progress of the group cattle ranches amid the decline of other Solomon Islander beef production systems.

Historical conditions of colonialism, and more recently, the emergence of a post-colonial state and urbanization, have brought about rapid socio-cultural change in the Solomon Islands, characterized by heterogeneity and the influx of new cultural products. Throughout this process, notions of tradition have emerged, iterated largely through the multivocal category of kastom which is fundamentally construed in opposition to notions of Christianity and modernization. This thesis examines how these changes have affected stories, specifically a group of narratives called "kastom stories," told by students in the urban setting, and how these narratives have become a space for tradition to be stated and created. Notions of genre are explored to discover how such an amalgam of stories as that of the kastom stories regarded here could be considered as a group. I examine story structures to understand how elements from diverse sources could become integrated to the stories, and look at transformations which, in distanciating the stories from their original socio-cultural context of production, serve to recontextualize them in their present socio-cultural setting.

This thesis absorbs and reflects on Choiseul Island responses and caution towards the making of anthropological knowledge. Initial interests that can easily become familiar to anthropology as research topics such as village life, local cosmology and local alternatives to cosmologies of climate and ecology, make way here for another activity of working through Choiseul responses to anthropology. In taking seriously the precautions and the considerations of people in this Solomon Islands locality, anthropology is invited to put a stoppage to practices that it would consider ordinary and part of anthropological knowledge making. This impasse for the discipline is outlined and explored in various chapters, in which usual styles of ethnography and topic-making take formation in respect of a Choiseul world that does not fit easily into encapsulation by anthropology. Effects for the discipline of anthropology are given consideration, within a wider view of imagining how an alternative anthropology in the vernacular can also entail an obviation of anthropology itself in favour of new forms of cultural sensitivity.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Macquarie University, School of Behavioural Sciences, 1994.
Bibliography: leaves 357-378.
Introduction -- MANDEGUSU -- Totoso kame rane - time long ago -- Totoso rodomo - time of darkness -- EDDYSTONE ISLAND -- Tataviti bule - pacification -- Totoso taqalo - time of light/cleanliness -- SIMBO -- Tinoa - lives -- Koburu - child -- Tinana - mother -- Vinarialava - marriage -- Rereko iviva - significant woman -- Qoele, tomate - aged woman, ancestor.
This thesis considers the ethnographic history of Simbo, a small island in the western Solomon Islands. The particular focus is upon the significance of conversion to Christianity and subsequent Christian practice, in shaping social and cultural issues and practices in the 1990s. Women's lives, in particular those aspects concerned with kinship, are the lens through which historical changes are viewed. By juxtaposing the structures suggested by indigenous lifecycle categories and the differentiation inherent in individual biographical material, I try to reflect the regularities and continuities within Simbo society as well as the variability and unpredictability of sociality at any given moment. At the same time, the mutability of structure is reflected in the transformed significance of institutions and ostensibly similar practices. -- The period under scrutiny is that between c. 1900-1990, which covers social practices and events from immediately prior to pacification and the Methodist Mission's establishment in the New Georgia Group in 1902 up until the present. I argue that since pacification, the progressive development of indigenous Christianity has been the major determinant of Simbo responses to the world system. This is not to argue that pacification represented the first intrusion of Europe or the beginning of social transformations. Constructions of indigenous societies as having been static entities before contact with Europe are critiqued. Pacification, after more than a century of contact with Europe, had revolutionary implications because of its significance from local worldviews, as much as for its demonstration of British political "legitimacy". -- Christianity, then, cannot be divorced from the reality of political and economic subordination throughout the twentieth century. Nor, however, can it be simpHstically treated as merely the ideological face of expanding capitalism. Following J. Comaroff and J.L. Comaroff, I treat the non-material aspects of social life as being as significant as the material. From its earliest days, the Methodist Mission both facilitated and hampered the interests of government and traders. But it is not only mission personnel who are important here. Simbo people have consistently shaped and deployed their own Christian frameworks. If they never resisted it, they have certainly transformed what was imposed on them ninety years ago from ideology to lived hegemony.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xxiii, 378 leaves ill. (some col.), maps

This thesis has used the abandoned village site of Mwanihuki located on Makira in the Solomon Islands as a case study to explore the archaeological evidence associated with the initial occupation of the region and the emergence of later inter and intra-island trade and exchange systems. The main aims of the thesis were to establish the timing of initial occupation, understand patterns of settlement and subsistence, and explore evidence for the rise of the southeast trade and exchange system and Mwanihuki’s place in that network. Intensive fieldwork was conducted on Mwanihuki and surroundings, while also analysing and incorporating the legacy material into this research. Radiocarbon evidence revealed phasing that placed the study area into two broad cultural periods. The first was an ephemeral use of Mwanihuki from c. 3000 BP, which was contemporaneous with the Lapita cultural tradition, though aceramic. The second phase of the site demonstrated intensive occupation from c.800BP, which included construction of burial structures, anthropogenic refuse mounds, and a rich material culture. It is argued that these latter items are evidence of shell valuable production and together with the dense concentrations of chert imported from Ulawa indicate that by c500BP Mwanihuki was a significant node in the emergent inter-island trade system. This material culture, along with Mwanihuki’s prominent headland location and strong island inter-visibility all contributed to the transfer of material culture and social and economic complexity. The abandonment of the site c400BP and the retreat to the mountainous interior and defended settlements detailed in oral history appears to be a consequence of an initial contact with Spanish explorers in 1595 AD and the rise of inter and intra island hostilities.

Dans le cadre de la recherche de nouvelles molécules antipaludiques, une espèce d'Haliclona et quatre lots de l'éponge Aplysina ianthelliformis ont été étudiées pour fournir 22 composés, dont sept sont nouveaux 141-147. Un produit connu, l'haliclonacyclamine A 129, qui a montré ici une activité in vitro sur des souches de Plasmodium falciparum FCB1 résistantes à la chloroquine avec une CI50 de 98nM et un index de sélectivité (activité Antipalsmodiale/cytotoxicité) de 57 et 67 déterminé respectivement sur cellules MVF7 et Véro. Testée in vivo sur le modèle souris, l'haliclonacyclamine A 129 a montré 48% d'inhibition de la parasitémie le 4ème jour après 3 jours de traitement à 10mg/Kg/jour administré par voie intra-péritonéale à des souris Swiss femelles infectées par P. Vinckei petteri. Les échantillons d'A. Ianthelliformis ont fourni 21 produits, tous sauf deux (aureol 137 et aplysterol 138) appartenant à la série des bromotyrosines. Ces composés 35a, 36, 130-147 montrent une faible activité in vitro sur les souches résistantes ou sensibles à la chloroquine, P. Falciparum FCB1 et 3D7 respectivement, avec des CI50 allant de 0. 9 à 44µM. Tous les composés dérivés de la bromotyrosine manquent de sélectivité, sauf l'araplysillin I 139 qui présente un faible index de sélectivité de 5,5 et 6,5 respectivement sur cellules MCF7 et Vero, et une CI50 = 4,5µM sur P. Falciparum FCB1. Tous ces produits présentent une faible activité sur la Protéinefarnésyletransférase (PFTase) ; le composé le plus actif, l'aerophobin II 135, a une CI50 = 4. 9µM. L'inactivité de la molécule 144 suggère l'importance du motif isoxazolinique dans l’activité sur PFTase
In a search for new antiplasmodial compounds, one Haliclona and four Aplysina ianthelliformis sponges were chemically investigated to furnish 21 compounds, seven of which are novel ones 141-147. The Haliclona sponge gave the known product, haliclonacylamine A 129 which exhibits potent in vitro activity against the chloroquine-resistant strain, Plasmodium falciparum FCB-1 with an IC50 of 98 nM and a strong selectivity index of 57 and 67 (determined as antiplasmodial activity/ cytotoxicity). In the in vivo mice model, haliclonacyclamine A 129 gave 45% parasitaemia inhibition on the fourth day following three days of treatment at 10 mg/Kg/day administered intra-peritoneally to Swiss female mice infected with P. Vinckei petteri. The A. Ianthelliformis sponges furnished 20 compounds, all but two (aureol 137 and aplysterol 138) of which are bromotyrosine derivatives. All bromotyrosine-derived compounds; 35a, 36, 130-147 exhibit mild in vitro activities against the chloroquine-resistant and sensitive strains, P. Falciparum FCB-1 and 3D7 respectively, with IC50s ranging between 0. 9 – 50. 5 µM. All bromotyrosine compounds lack selectivity except for araplysillin I 139 which has a weak selectivity index of 5. 5 and 6. 5 (measured for MCF-7 and Vero cells respectively) and an IC50 value of 4. 5 µM against P. Falciparum, FCB-1. All bromotyrosine derivatives, except for the novel compound 144, also exhibit weak Protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase) inhibitory activity; the most active, aerophobin II 135, has an IC50 of 8. 0 µM. The inactivity of compound 144 suggests the importance of the isoxazoline motif in conferring PFTase activity in bromotyrosine compounds

Informal agroforestry is a traditional practice in Solomon Islands, mostly intercropping food crops with fruit trees. Agroforestry systems that intercrop food crops with rows of hardwood species for the purposes of timber production have not been practiced. In response to the common problem that growers of valuable hardwood species such as teak (Tectona grandis) are reluctant to thin their trees, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) established project FST/2007/020 to develop novel silvicultural systems to overcome this problem. Flueggea flexuosa (flueggea) is a local hardwood species that is widely utilized for housing and fencing applications. The project team established several agroforestry trials testing the hypothesis that teak and flueggea could be successfully grown together with the local tree being progressively harvested for local use, effectively thinning the plantation and allowing the teak to develop through to harvestable size. The trees could be intercropped with food crops allowing for multiple land use and income generating opportunities whilst the trees grow through to maturity. The model was based on the assumption that trees and crops, when properly managed, complement each other rather than compete in the capture and efficient use of available growth resources. This system is a hybrid of the informal agroforestry traditionally practiced in Solomon Islands and the silvicultural management techniques applied to production forestry. However, teak and flueggea have not been previously grown together under an agroforestry regime and little is known of the species interaction or of the effect of growing different food and cash crops in the interrow. Traditional practices for growing food crops in Solomon Islands begin with forest clearance and burning of debris, a slash and burn system. Mounds are made using man-made hoes or picks to give crops better growing spot away from competing weeds and surface water flow during rainy seasons. Most root crops and vegetables are planted in their own blocks and kept separate from other crops. Mixing of food crops is not a usual practice in most parts of the Solomon Islands. Other crops and trees are usually planted at the boundaries of each crop’s patch or along the boundary. Most food crops reach harvesting age after 3 months. When crops are harvested, the whole plant is uprooted, plant parts and debris are piled at a location and are burnt when dry. Where the area available for gardening area is large, the harvested plot is left to fallow but if the available area is small, crops are replanted straight after harvest, leaving no time for the soil to be replenished with nutrients through decomposition of plant materials. Amongst several silvicultural trials established in Solomon Islands, this study focuses on trials established at Ringgi and Poitete which are located at the southern and northern parts of Kolombangara Island in Western Province. These silvicultural trials were established for the purpose of examining the effect of stocking rate and species mix on teak and flueggea growth and on their potential influence over the hybrid agroforestry system. Two mixed species spacing trials and one hybrid agroforestry trial of teak and flueggea were established to test the hybrid model. The two main mixed species spacing trials have 5 treatments with 4 replicates each, treatments are a combination of stocking rate and species mix. The five different treatments include teak being grown as a monoculture (Treatment 1); and then in rows interspersed with 2 rows of flueggea at different stocking rates (Treatments 2, 3, and 4); and alternating rows of teak and flueggea at standard spacing (Treatment 5). The hybrid agroforestry trial was based on the standard 4 x 3 m spacing (Treatment 5) and further intercropped with food crops. Only Treatment 3 (4 x4m) and Treatment 4 (4 x 6m) have wider planting spaces. Standard stocking is 833 stems per hectare for Treatments 1, 2 and 5, and 625 and 416 stems per hectare for Treatments 3 and 4. This research examined the interactions occurring between teak and flueggea, and between teak, flueggea and food crops grown in the inter-row with respect to competition for nitrogen (N), light and water, resource access, changes in system interactions with the development of the canopy, nutrient loss and issues of sustainability related to harvesting of food crops, biogeochemical cycling of carbon (C) and N, root architecture and growth and yield. Total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and stable isotope δ13C and δ15N, and 15N-labelled tracer were analyzed using field sampled soil, foliage, branch, stem, root and litterfall from the stands to examine soil nutrient uptake, biomass content and cycling as a result of the intraspecific and interspecific interactions with relation to tree growth and productivity of the hybrid system over time and space. Root architecture, tree mean total height (THt) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were measured and assessed over the study period. We investigated the competition between teak and flueggea for N using a 15N-labelled tracer in a field trial in a 2 year old and a 4 year old mixed species stand. The study also reports the acquisition and allocation of TC and C isotope composition (δ13C) in different tree components of teak and flueggea. Seven pairs of trees, one of each species, were isolated using an impermeable membrane 60 cm deep and 15N-labelled tracer was applied to the soil surface. The first four plots were sampled for a period of 18 months and the age of the trees at final excavation was 4 years. The final three plots were sampled for 12 months and the age of the trees at final excavation was 2 years. Each tree was measured, felled and roots excavated, divided into the components: roots, stem, branch and foliage, and then weighed for biomass, samples of each component were oven dried at 60° C to constant weight, ground to a fine powder and analysed for TN, TC, 15N enrichment, and δ13C. There was no significant difference in component 15N enrichment between teak and flueggea at both ages, suggesting that there could be equal uptake of added 15N-labelled tracer by both species. The 15N -labelled tracer concentration was greater in the foliage followed by the root, stem and branch for teak and flueggea. However, stem had significantly greater biomass and therefore had greater 15N enrichment mass (kg) than other components of teak in the 2 years trial and with teak and flueggea at 4 years trial. Approximately 55 % of added 15N tracer was recovered in the 4 years trial and 43 % was recovered in the 2 years trial, suggesting that higher uptake is possible with well-established root structure with age. Although teak had significant growth, 15N tracer uptake and enrichment were not statistically different to those of flueggea which may mean that competition in growth resources was still at minimum stage and growth rates were species specific. TN was not significantly different between teak and flueggea components at age 2 and 4 years and may indicate equal access to available N belowground and with similar allocations. TC was not significantly different between components of teak and flueggea in either age and may indicate equal access to atmospheric C and similar allocations of photosynthates. Higher δ13C in teak components than those of flueggea indicated that teak has higher water use efficiency per kg of tree and does not discriminate against 13C as strongly as flueggea during photosynthesis. Similar 13C values in tree components within the species may be the result of subsequent partitioning of the photosynthates synthesized during photosynthesis. The litter production and C and N cycling in both teak monoculture and teak and flueggea mixed species plantings in the two trials were studied over 18 months period. Leaf litter samples were collected monthly from the five treatments. Monthly litterfall production ranged from 250.51 to 541.61 kg ha-1 depending on treatment and trial. Treatment 1 produced significantly higher total litter than Treatment 4 at Ringgi but this difference will have been due to stocking rates. When based on individual tree productivity, teak in Treatment 4 at both trials produced significantly higher litter per tree than the teak in Treatments 3, 2, 5 and 1 while there was no significant difference with flueggea productivity. Although teak and flueggea TC and TN, and δ13C and δ15N varied over the study period, their mean values were not statistically different except for teak in T4 having significantly lower values at Ringgi. Teak and flueggea C/N ratios were not statistically different at both trials except for flueggea in Treatment 2 at Ringgi which was significantly higher. The highest annual TC and TN returned to the soil from total litterfall were observed in Treatment 1 followed by Treatments 3, 5, 2 and 4 for Ringgi. The highest at Poitete was Treatment 5 followed by Treatments 1, 3, 2 and 4. When comparing each treatment and using individual tree productivity, Treatment 4 produced and returned the significantly highest litter and nutrient than Treatments 3, 2, 5 and 1. Overall, individual tree productivity demonstrated that mixed species stands have significant potential for cycling higher rates of C and N than monoculture teak stand, therefore establishment of mixed species stands especially using the stocking rates of Treatment 3 and Treatment 4 is recommended as a practical measure in forest rehabilitation and agroforestry systems to realize sustainable development of community forestry in the Solomon Islands. The spatial distribution of the root systems of teak and flueggea were examined by excavating pairs of trees of each species that had been grown in isolation plots for 2 (3 pairs) and 4 (4 pairs) years. Additional trees grown without a barrier were partly excavated to ensure that the effect of the barrier on root architecture was not significant. The root architecture of both species had similar patterns of development but showed a different topology and distribution. Teak had extensive horizontal and vertical roots and occupied a larger portion of the soil volume than flueggea. Both species had similar root biomass increment of 87 % between 2 and 4 years and roots made up 20-22 % of total tree biomass at both ages. Teak and flueggea roots occupied different depths within the soil volume, which would promote nutrient uptake efficiency and therefore minimize competition. The study evaluated the effects of stocking rate and species mix on early growth of teak in a mixed species system. Intercropping with flueggea promoted diameter, height and form of teak. Teak diameter and basal area growth significantly increased with wider planting spacing though height was not statistically different to teak in single-species stands. Intercropping with flueggea resulted in teak developing smaller branches which facilitated a self-pruning habit that promoted clear wood production. Differences in teak height between all treatments were not significant though it is interesting to note that sixty months after planting, teak in T1 at Ringgi and teak in T5 at Poitete had the greatest height as had Flueggea in T5 at Ringgi though again differences in height of flueggea was not significantly throughout the treatments. Diameter and basal area were greatest at the lower stocking than at the higher stocking for teak and flueggea. Teak of T4 had the significant diameter and basal area growth than other treatments at age 60 months. Teak form was best at the pure and mixed species stands due to self-pruning while larger crown and big branches occurred at lower stocking rates. While this can be corrected with timely silviculture, a 4 x 3 m spacing would seem to optimise the benefits of higher stocking and lower maintenance. Overall, mixed species and agroforestry systems promoted reduction and delay of competition for growth resources in the early phase of the systems compared to monocultures. Both single and mixed species systems promoted similar C and N cycling in the plantation establishment phase. Growth in basal area was significantly higher at the mixed species stands at the lowest stocking rate, which also enable longer period of intercropping of food crops. However, as the present investigation was confined to the first 5 years, which is considered as establishment phase for teak, more studies are needed as the systems mature to fully understand the systems development and interactions to maturity.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Natural Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text

This study is one of few to examine reproductive health problems affecting men in the Pacific region. Four hundred men in Honiara suburbs were interviewed about their reproductive and sexual problems and their general health. Disorders of sexual function were reported by many men in the Solomon islands, and were associated with common chronic diseases and poor mental health. However, levels of help-seeking, medical screening and treatment were low. The study recommends development of culturally sensitive reproductive health care for men in Pacific Island nations and territories.

"December 2002" Bibliography: leaves 230-241. Ch. 1. Introduction -- Ch. 2. Historical account -- Ch. 3. Morphometrics -- Ch. 4. Osteology of Solomon Islands ranids -- Ch. 4. Karyology of the Solomon Islands ranids -- Ch. 6. Phylogenetic analysis -- App. 1: Material examined -- App. 2: Discriminant function analysis -- App. 3: Character descriptions. "This study validates the Solomon Islands taxa (using morphometrics) and explores the biology of the Solomon Islands ranids, with detailed osteological descriptions, external morphology and karyology. Using characters from these data sets a cladistic analysis using parsimony reconstructed a phylogeny of thes frogs...Phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony found three equally parsimonious trees. Subsequent character reanalysis (successive weighting) produced one parsimonious tree. The phylogenies indicate multiple invasion events into the Solomon Islands by these ranid frogs and despite the high level of endemism, monophyly is not supported."

Papua New Guinea lies just north of Australia (Fig. 1). It is a developing island nation, with 462,839 km of land area, a population of 3.9 million people, and vast natural resources (Compton’s Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996). It is the largest island in the Oceania region of the world, which also includes Fiji, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Most of these islands share similar resources, and prudent development of the resources requires utilization of nondestructive evaluation (NDE). NDE provides the means for flaw detection and size assessment, as well as evaluation of material degradation such as corrosion and hydrogen attack. These are factors which affect the service life of components and systems. Being aware of the state of degradation of these components and systems will enable cost effective maintenance, and reduce costly and dangerous failures. Recognizing the need for NDE expertise, the Papua New Guinea University of Technology at Lae has initiated a Center for Nondestructive Evaluation. Once operational, the center should serve the entire Oceania region, and provide resources, trained students and expertise that will enable the growth of the NDE industry within that area. It is widely accepted that NDE adds value to a product or process, not just cost. The amount of value is directly related to the engineering education of the personnel making NDE decisions. The growth of the NDE industry in these South Pacific Islands will add to the economy, as well as aid in the further creation of a population of engineers who are well educated in NDE.

This case study introduces the concept of ecosystem valuation through a hypothetical drinking water scenario in the Solomon Islands. Solomon Islanders, along with all humans, benefit from the resources and processes supplied by natural ecosystems that are increasingly threatened due to human demands. On top of this, ecosystem services are undervalued in a market-based system. This case study gives readers a real-world perspective of the applicability, opportunities, and confounding factors that exist when valuing ecosystem services.

Tetepare, an island in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands, is the largest uninhabited tropical island in the Southern Hemisphere. Tetepare has a largely intact wilderness, with remarkable biodiversity of globally significant conservation importance. This case study explores the biodiversity of Tetepare and efforts to maintain Tetepare as “the last wild island.” In response to threats by the extractive logging industry, the landowners of the island – Solomon Islanders descended from Tetepare’s original inhabitants - formed what is today known as the Tetepare Descendants’ Association (TDA), an organization that manages and conserves the island and its resources. TDA members receive benefits through a community conservation agreement (CCA): in return for conserving the land and rejecting all commercial exploitative industries, members receive benefits including scholarships, sustainable livelihood development, and employment opportunities. Tetepare’s conservation serves as an example of landowners successfully leveraging their natural inheritance to sustainably meet the economic needs of their communities without sacrificing the natural heritage of future generations.