Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solo travel'
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Yang, Chiao Ling (Elaine). "Risk-taking on Her Lonely Planet: Exploring the Risk Experiences of Asian Solo Female Travellers." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367808.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Wilson, Erica Christine, and n/a. "A 'Journey Of Her Own'?: The Impact Of Constraints On Women's Solo Travel." Griffith University. Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050209.110742.
Full textWilson, Erica Christine. "A 'Journey Of Her Own'?: The Impact Of Constraints On Women's Solo Travel." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365683.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Tourism, Leisure, Hotel and Sport Management
Griffith Business School
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Schilar, Hannelene. "OUT THERE - A Phenomenological Approach to Solo-Hiking in Northern Scandinavia." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-105729.
Full textSantos, Adriana Gomes dos. "Solo travel e o jornalismo feminino : proposta de uma secção de viagens para as viajantes independentes." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23093.
Full textO presente trabalho propõe-se analisar a problemática das mulheres que viajam sozinhas, aliado ao jornalismo turístico e às revistas femininas. O fenómeno das viajantes independentes tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos. Esta problemática tem sido estudada um pouco por todo o mundo e em Portugal parece começar a dar os primeiros passos. Já o jornalismo turístico e as revistas femininas são pouco estudadas por serem soft news, ou seja, por não terem um conteúdo considerado tão relevante. No entanto, ambas têm um papel importante na sociedade: de divulgação e informação. Neste projeto pretende-se conhecer um pouco melhor o fenómeno e o perfil das solo travellers portuguesas, assim como perceber de que forma o jornalismo turístico e feminino pode colaborar para tornar as viagens destas mulheres mais simples. No final, é sugerido um modelo de secção turística para o segmento feminino português da imprensa. Esta secção pretende não só que se responda às necessidades das viajantes independentes, como também que possa influenciar as mulheres que gostariam de viajar sozinha.
This work aims to analyse the topic of sole female travellers, in connection with tourism journalism and women's magazines. The phenomenon of solo travel has been increasing in recent years. It has been studied throughout the world and in Portugal it seems to be starting to take the first steps. Tourism journalism and women's magazines have not been much studied because they are soft news, meaning that their content is not considered so relevant. However, both play an important role in society regarding dissemination and information. This project intends to gain a better understanding about the phenomenon and the profile of Portuguese solo travellers, as well as to identify in what way tourism journalism and women’s magazines can turn these trips more popular. Ultimately, it is suggested a model of a tourism section for the Portuguese female segment of the press. This section aims responding to the needs of solo travellers, but also influence women who would like to travel alone.
Ávila, Adame Anallely. "Solo travel: Motivaciones y experiencias de mujeres mexicanas residentes en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/109560.
Full textEste estudio exploratorio tuvo por objetivo describir las motivaciones, experiencias y limitaciones turísticas de las mujeres mexicanas residentes en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México que realizaron uno o varios viajes en solitario. Se apoyó en la teoría de empuje y arrastre y la teoría de las restricciones de la recreación y los viajes. A través de entrevistas en profundidad, el estudio reveló que, entre otras razones, las mujeres viajan principalmente por motivos de socialización y autoconocimiento, permitiéndoles cierto nivel de autoestima. Las mujeres suelen experimentar restricciones antes y durante los viajes y muchas de sus experiencias están condicionadas a las relaciones tradicionales de género.
Torres, Rodríguez Fatima Kerendy. "Turismo académico en solitario: Beneficios y barreras en estudiantes del Centro Universitario UAEM Texcoco." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/110660.
Full textEl estudio de las experiencias de turismo académico es de suma importancia, ya que permite conocer el comportamiento, las vivencias y las expectativas de quienes realizan este tipo de turismo. Por lo tanto, el estudio tuvo por objetivo analizar los beneficios y las barreras de estudiantes del CU UAEM Texcoco al realizar turismo académico dentro de la modalidad de viajes en solitario, reportados desde quienes han participado en estos viajes. De acuerdo con las entrevistas realizadas, la investigación reveló que las y los participantes tuvieron beneficios tanto personales como académicos, sin embargo, los beneficios personales percibidos fueron mayormente reportados en comparación con los académicos. En cuanto al análisis de las barreras, se adoptó la teoría de las restricciones en la recreación y los viajes, por lo tanto, las barreras identificadas fueron agrupadas en barreras intrapersonales, interpersonales y estructurales, siendo estas últimas las que todos los participantes dijeron haber experimentado.
Pitombo, Cira Souza. "Estudos de relações entre variáveis socioeconômicas, de uso do solo, participação em atividades e padrões de viagens encadeadas urbanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-29062007-104354/.
Full textOne of the most important topics in transportation demand is the relationship between individual needs to carry out geographically distributed activities, urban configuration, individual and household characteristics, transportation system and travel behavior. For that reason, the main aim of this work is to analyze the individual trip-chaining behavior in terms of three variables groups: (1) activity participation; (2) socioeconomic characteristics; and (3) land use. There are also two secondary objectives derived from the main objective: (a) to propose one set of land use variables; and (b) to verify the statistical significance of the created land use group variables. This work was based on the origin-destination survey carried out in the São Paulo metropolitan area in 1997, from which six final samples were extracted, analyzed and characterized by economic sector (for workers) and level of education (for students). Applying multivariate analysis techniques, confirmatory and exploratory, it was possible to represent the dependent variable (Cluster Analysis), as well as to find relationships between the concerned variables (Decision Tree) and, finally, to measure the statistical significance of the independent variables (Multiple Regression). From the results, it was possible to analyze the influence of the three variables groups on trip-chaining: (1) socioeconomic variables (household income, transit voucher use, probable number of driver licenses per household, age, car-ownership) affect the travel mode sequence used for the trips; (2) activity participation (study, work) has an effect on the trip purpose sequence; and (3) land use variables (accumulated proportion of jobs or schools by distance buffers starting from the residence zone centroid) influence the sequence of chosen destinations. It is expected that the present work could be a contribution to the scientific community for the representation of the activities level and their geographic distribution in the urban configuration (land use variables), and the influence of such variables on individuals displacements.
Silva, Lucy Jesus. "#Itravelsolo: proposta de uma aplicação móvel para mulheres que viajam sozinhas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23052.
Full textAlguns tipos de viagens, incluindo o solo travel, são encarados como uma “heterotopia”, entendido como um espaço onde as mulheres podem resistir, em vez de se submeter, a um sistema patriarcal. Viajar sozinha trata-se de um momento de empoderamento para a mulher, a qual antes da viagem lida com a reação dos outros e durante a viagem transcende os constrangimentos, encarando a mesma como um momento de procura e reflexão pessoal. Entende-se também que estas mulheres preferem viajar sozinhas de forma a não lidarem com as preferências de um outro. Sabe-se que o solo travel é geralmente confundido com o turismo independente, sendo que o solo traveller tem características muito próprias: viaja a maior parte do tempo sozinho e é responsável pelas suas escolhas, tais como itinerários e atividades, e pode utilizar, em algum momento da sua viagem, um prestador de serviços. Tendo em conta que o segmento é maioritariamente composto por mulheres e que o turismo não é um processo neutro em termos de género, este trabalho centra-se na temática da mulher enquanto viajante, tentando traçar o seu perfil. É ainda abordado o tema das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação e o conceito do m-tourism, apresentando as funcionalidades de uma aplicação móvel direcionada a este segmento. Na investigação empírica optou-se por uma metodologia mista, aliando a qualitativa e a quantitativa, onde numa primeira fase se aplicou uma entrevista semiestruturada a 10 mulheres de diferentes idades e nacionalidades, tendo em conta os temas que emergiram da revisão de literatura efetuada sobre a temática. Da mesma forma, e de modo a generalizar os dados recolhidos na primeira parte da investigação, foi realizado um inquérito por questionário a mulheres que viajam sozinhas, tendo sido obtidas 517 respostas válidas. Conseguiu-se, através da investigação empírica, construir a personalidade da solo traveller, recorrendo às tipologias criadas por Cohen (1972), Plog (2001), Smith (1989) e Burns (1999), caracterizando-se a mesma como uma turista que procura imergir na cultura, é independente, procura a novidade e prefere visitar locais poucos visitados, tendo como principal motivação para um destino o impacto cultural e ainda o relacionamento com os residentes locais. Apesar de a investigação existente se encontrar bastante focada nos medos e nos constrangimentos, a maioria respondeu não sentir medo e dificuldades. Já as dificuldades estão fortemente associadas aos medos, em que as mulheres que sentem mais medo sentem mais dificuldades. Verificou-se também que esta associação é mais elevada nas mulheres mais novas e também nas solteiras.
Certain types of travel, including solo travel, are seen as "heterotopia," understood as a space where women can resist, rather than submit to a patriarchal system. Traveling alone is a moment of empowerment for the woman, as before the trip she has to cope with the reaction of others and during the trip she has to overcome the difficulties, making the trip as a moment of personal search and reflection. These women also prefer to travel alone in order to not cope with one another's preferences. It is known that solo travel is generally confused with independent tourism, but the solo traveller has particular characteristics: he/she travels most of the time alone and is responsible for his/her choices, such as itineraries and activities, and can use, in some time of the trip, a service provider. Taking into account that the segment is mainly composed by women and that tourism is not a gender-neutral process, this work focus on the issue of women as travellers. It is also addressed the topic of Information and Communication Technologies and related concepts, such as m-tourism, in order to allow presenting the functionalities of a mobile application directed to this market segment. In the empirical research, we opted for a mixed methodology, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. In a first phase we conducted a semistructured interview to 10 women of different ages and nationalities, on the topics addressed in the literature review. In the same way, and in order to generalize the data collected in the first part of the research, we used a online questionnaire survey, collecting 517 answers from female travellers. Through the empirical research, it was possible to draw the solo traveller personality, using the typologies created by Cohen (1972), Plog (2001), Smith (1989) and Burns (1999). Female solo travellers seek to immerse in the culture, are independent, seek novelty and prefer to visit places with few tourists, having as main motivation for a destination the cultural impact and also their relationship with local residents. Although the existing research has been very focused on fears and constraints, most responded not experiencing fear or difficulties. However, the difficulties are strongly associated with fears, in which the women who feel more fear feel more difficulties. It was also found that this association is higher among the youngster and single women.
Alves, Priscilla. "Correlação entre acidentes de trânsito, uso e ocupação do solo, polos geradores de viagens e população na cidade de Uberlândia-MG." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4313.
Full textFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
Grande parte dos problemas vivenciados pela maioria das cidades de porte médio no Brasil, contexto na qual se insere a cidade de Uberlândia-MG, são resultados de uma política de expansão urbana desordenada e com precárias medidas de planejamento e ordenamento territorial. Na maioria dos municípios não se faz uma análise articulada de estudos e ações entre o uso e ocupação do solo com as de mobilidade. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo do trabalho foi o de analisar e compreender as correlações existentes entre a ocorrência dos acidentes de trânsito com o uso e ocupação do solo, contingente populacional e PGVs, tendo como foco de estudo o município de Uberlândia-MG. Nesse contexto o presente trabalho torna-se interessante na medida em que são poucas as pesquisas que procuram relacionar essas temáticas, pois na maioria das vezes as análises são feitas de forma fragmentada não procurando aprofundar e conhecê-las de forma articulada. Sendo assim, para cumprir os objetivos propostos foram utilizadas ferramentas estatísticas - cálculo de correlação de Pearson- com auxílio do software Excel e também Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) utilizando o software TransCAD. Foi possível compreender por meio das análises realizadas entre uso do solo e acidentes de trânsito que os tipos de uso comércio/serviços, templos apresentam as correlações significativas. Nas análises estatísticas realizadas entre os acidentes e os PGVs verificou-se que os empreendimentos escolares públicos, as unidades de saúde, institucionais e o porte do empreendimento se mostram correlacionados. As atividades envolvendo educação superior e de comércio/serviços se mostraram pouco correlacionados em termos estatísticos. As observações realizadas com auxílio de mapas temáticos permitiram concluir que apenas os PGV do tipo educação superior não guardam uma correlação considerável. Por fim foram encontradas correlações significativas entre a população residente nos bairros com a acidentalidade viária registrada nos mesmos. Concluiu-se ainda, que é preciso que se aprofunde os estudos e pesquisas nessa área e que se adote um planejamento efetivo, dinâmico e articulado entre uso do solo e mobilidade.
Soares, Evelyn Cristine Moreira. "Centralidades e transformações na avenida Rio Verde em Aparecida de Goiânia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6388.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
This thesis presents the results of research conducted on the formation of the centrality of the city of Aparecida de Goiânia, especially one located in a territorially peripheral region in conurbation with the city of Goiania, the capital, but that is consolidated as one of the sub-centers of city of Aparecida de Goiania. To this end, they were rescued development, occupation and territorial expansion of the two cities and the metropolises process involving them. For centralities used a method based experts. Added to the method applied, the survey of characteristics related to the sub-center of Rio Verde Avenue, the land use, accessibility and trip generation. The analysis considered the influence suffered by the implementation of large projects, the Polos Travel Generators - PGV, which always directly affect the formation of these centralities and hence determine the mobility of citizens and accessibility to the region.
Esta dissertação apresenta o resultado da pesquisa realizada sobre a formação das centralidades do Município de Aparecida de Goiânia, sobretudo aquela localizada em uma região territorialmente periférica, em conurbação com o Município de Goiânia, a Capital, mas que se consolida como um dos principais subcentros do Município de Aparecida de Goiânia. Para tal, foram resgatados o desenvolvimento, a ocupação e a expansão territorial dos dois municípios, bem como o processo de metropolização que os envolve. Para a identificação das centralidades utilizou-se um método baseado em Especialistas. Somouse ao método aplicado, o levantamento das características relacionadas ao subcentro da Avenida Rio Verde, quanto ao uso do solo, à acessibilidade e à geração de viagens. A análise considerou a influência sofrida pela implantação de grandes empreendimentos, os Polos Geradores de Viagens - PGV, que sempre impactam diretamente a formação destas centralidades e, consequentemente, determinam a mobilidade dos cidadãos e a acessibilidade à região.
Ponthieu, Marie. "Spéciation des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols et les solutions des sols : du modèle au terrain." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30059.
Full textNowadays, environmental problems related to soil pollution with heavy metals are numerous, therefore, it is important to understand metals behavior in soils and to appreciate their transfer. The fate of the metals in the environment is closely related to their interactions with the major reactive soil compartments (organic matter, iron and manganese oxides, clays). The objective of this work is to develop an approach based on the combination of several model to study metal ion speciation in the soil and the soil solution. Models used to describe the interactions of metals with the main reactive phases in the soil are CD-MUSIC (amorphous and crystallized iron oxides), NICA-Donnarf (organic matter and manganese oxides), cationic ion exchange model (clays). First, this work implies the definition of generic parameters to describe the interactions of the studied metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) with iron and manganese oxides, a part of this information is missing in the literature. Then, after the validation of the approach by comparison with analytical results, this multi-surface model is applied to two contaminated soils located in the North of France (atmospheric deposits) and in Brittany (intensive pig manure applications)
Habbib, Hazzar. "Impacts des systèmes de cultures sur l'efficience d'utilisation de l'azote chez le blé et le maïs : Influence du travail du sol, des couverts végétaux d'interculture et de l'historique de fertilisation azotée." Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0007/document.
Full textOf all the essential nutrients, nitrogen (N) is the most important for crop growth and yield potential. The mineral N availability is a major limiting factor of quantitative and qualitative production of crops in general and cereals in particular. Maintaining the current high production levels requires managing crops to provide an optimum nitrogen nutrition. Therefore, the agricultural management practices must be at forefront of measures to sustain crop productivity and N efficiency in the intensive production systems at national level. In the last three decades, improving N use efficiency in crops (NUE) has been one of the most important challenge in modern agriculture. Therefore, various scientific, technological and agronomic approaches have been developed in parallel to improve our knowledge on the genetic and physiological basis of NUE for further breeding and agronomic applications. In particular, it has been emphasized that agricultural management practices on both short- and long-term perspectives must be at forefront of measures to develop sustainable crop productivity with regards to NUE improvement. The main objective of this work is to examine the new cropping systems, economically and environmentally efficient, based on conservation agriculture techniques. In other words, to investigate the influence of modification in agricultural practices (tillage system, cover crops) on the parameters affecting plant productivity and nitrogen nutrition of two cereals (wheat and maize). In this context, three field experiments were conducted to understand agricultural phenomena taking place during changes in farming practices, in order to examine the most sustainable agricultural system for maintaining crop productivity while rationalization of N fertilizer usage. A two-year experiment was conducted in the field to measure the combined impact of tilling and N fertilization on various agronomic traits related to NUE and to grain yield in maize cultivated in the presence of a cover crop. Four years after conversion to no-till, a significant increase in N use efficiency N harvest index, N remobilization and N remobilization efficiency was observed both under no and high N fertilization conditions. The second field study was conducted during two consecutive years to evaluate the combined effect of tilling, cover crops and N fertilization on various agronomic traits related to nitrogen use efficiency and to N nutrition in wheat. Five years after conversion to no-till, a significant increase in N use efficiency, N utilization efficiency, N agronomic efficiency, N partial factor productivity, N apparent recovery fraction and N remobilization was observed under three levels of N fertilization. Moreover, we observed that grain yield and grain N content were similar under tillage and no-till conditions. The N nutrition index was higher under no-till conditions at the three rates of N fertilization. Moreover, N use efficiency related traits and N nutrition were increased in the presence of cover crops both under no-till and conventional tilling conditions. Thus, agronomic practices based on continuous no-till in the presence of cover crops appear to be a promising strategy to increase N use efficiency and N nutrition in wheat while reducing both the use and the loss of N-based fertilizers.In the third study, wheat plants were grown under tillage and no- till conditions, with and without cover crops under no and high nitrogen fertilization conditions, to evaluate the combined effect of tilling and N fertilization on photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and photosynthetic water use efficiency through its impact on leaf physiological traits, such as photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf area ratio and specific leaf area. Six years after conversion to no-till, in the presence and in the absence of cover crops, a significant increase in water use efficiency and soil water content was observed both under [...]
Varrault, Gilles. "Étude cinétique de l'extraction des métaux traces des sols : application à l'évaluation de l'efficacité de techniques de réhabilitation in situ." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077156.
Full textJacobs, Arnaud. "Phytoextraction du cadmium et du zinc de sols urbains :optimisation de la culture de Noccaea caerulescens." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/277908.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lévèque, Thibaut. "Biomonitoring environnemental et sanitaire des sols pollués par les éléments traces métalliques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0093/document.
Full textIn a context where environmental health concerns are globally increasing. Improve understanding of the mechanisms and bioavailability (eco) toxicity of persistent metals pollutants is a priority, especially because of their observed omnipresence in ecosystems in relation to their compartmentation and speciation. The earthworm is used to assess soil quality; moreover this soil organism through its bioturbation activities affects biogeochemical cycles. Ecotoxicity tests under controlled circumstances on earthworms have been conducted with different soils and worms’ species. Then an impact study on earthworms’ communities was conducted on a polluted site showing a concentration gradient. The influence of earthworms’ bioturbation on phytoavailability of pollutants was studied through experiments in mesocosms and Rhizotest. Finally, in vitro measures of pollutants bioavailability were performed on polluted soils and plants in different contexts: brownfields, gardens, sports field. The objective is to study the link between bioavailability for humans, soil characteristics, context of pollution and toxicity. Two complementary approaches have been developed: scientific research related to the mechanisms and development of tools, practical procedures which could be used by managers and risk assessors. Ecotoxicity of metals and metalloid (denoted ETM) on earthworms is not simply governed by their total concentrations, but strongly depends on the physico-chemical characteristics of soils. Furthermore, analysis of earthworm communities from a contaminated site can evaluate the quality of soil since seen an impact on the abundance, diversity and rate of juvenile worms. In addition, earthworms’ bioturbation significantly increases the bioavailability of ETM for vegetable plants such as lettuce. Finally, the human bioaccessibility of ETM is governed by many factors, in particular the context of pollution. The bioaccessible fraction of ETM is directly responsible for their cytotoxicity on intestinal cells. These results were complemented by mechanistic studies (IR, EXAFS, XANES, μ-XRF)
Taboada, Miguel Angel. "Soil structural behaviour in flooded and agricultural soils of the Argentine pampas." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7546/1/taboada.pdf.
Full textAbdul, Rida Abdul Motalibe Mohammad. "Biosurveillance de la contamination du sol : apport de l'étude des lombriciens à l'évaluation des risques liés aus éléments traces." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20124.
Full textJoubert, Antoine. "Etude de l’effet de facteurs environnementaux sur les processus biogéochimiques de mobilisation du Pb, Zn, Cd, As et Hg dans les sols : Modélisation empirique de la mobilité et phytodisponibilité des ETM." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10019/document.
Full textPollution induced by trace elements in soils is a major environmental problem because, compared to atmospheric and water pollution, the soil environment is much less resilient. Few studies have been conducted on the effect of environmental factors on trace elements mobility. The different empirical models expressing trace elements solubility and distribution coefficient in soils don’t take into account the effect of these factors. The thesis study the effect of global-change-sensitive factors on Cd, Pb, Zn, As and Hg mobility in soils, using a 24-1 fractional factorial design. Eleven soil samples representative of the 3 industrial and agricultural studied sites of the Meuse and Ebro basins have been studied in the framework of the European AQUATERRA project. As behaviour is not significatively linked to intrinsic nature of soil samples but to the temperature increase and to an anaerobic condition. These factors stimulate microbial activities involved in As solubilisation processes such as microbial dissolutive reduction of Fe oxyhydroxydes and As(V) reduction. The strong influence of microbial activity allow to model As mobility as a function of environmental factors for the whole 11 soil samples. On the contrary, Cd, Pb and above all Zn behaviour, are correlated very significatively to the nature of soil samples like soil pH. Finally, Cd, Pb, Zn and As phytoavailability have been assessed thanks to a compartment system and modelled empirically which aims to better estimate of soil-plant transfer processes
Latrille, Christelle. "Localisation des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols. Application au fonds géochimique naturel." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10057.
Full textYum, Ji-Eun. "The Solo Piano Collections "Reaching Out" and "Travels Through Sound" by Emma Lou Diemer: Pedagogical Guidelines for Contemporary Techniques for Intermediate-Level Students." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609133/.
Full textZahaby, Mohamed El. "Contribution à la définition d'une norme des sites pollués : élaboration d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation de la contamination d'un sol par éléments tracés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL045N.
Full textLebourg, Annie. "Etude de l'extraction des métaux en traces de sols pollués en vue de la détermination de leur biodisponibilité." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-244.pdf.
Full textPelfrène, Aurélie Grimaud Daniel. "Spéciation des métaux traces (Cd., Cu, Pb, Zn) dans les eaux d'un Planosol non pollué (Massif Central, France)." Tours : SCD de l'université de Tours, 2008. http://theses.abes.fr/2008TOUR4008.
Full textLucisine, Pierre. "Fonctionnement des sols contaminés." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0195/document.
Full textBrownfield soils are multi-polluted areas, which cover an increasing surface and thus present serious socio-economical challenges. A better understanding of the ecological functioning of these sites is mandatory for their restoration. In addition to the high pollution found at these sites, brownfields are characterized by a specific soil structure and occasionally also by particular nutrient contents. Despite these constraints, several brownfield are well colonized by plants, fauna and microorganisms. The capacity of these new communities to uphold main ecosystem function remains to be evaluated based on the measurement of one or several ecosystem functions. Leaf litter decomposition is critically important in driving carbon and nutrient biogeochemical cycles. This function depends on decomposition actors (fauna and microorganisms) but also on leaf litter quality. By that, leaf litter decomposition integrates effects of soil pollution on plant, animal and microorganism communities. Thus, leaf litter decomposition is a relevant indicator to evaluate pollution effects on the functioning of soil ecosystems. The main objective of this thesis was to study brownfields soil function by focusing on the impairment of soil pollution on the leaf litter decomposition. The main hypothesis was that soil pollution could negatively affect leaf litter decomposition by two different ways. (1) By direct effects, resulting from adverse effects of soil pollution on decomposition actors, and (2) by indirect effects, assuming that soil pollution will induce modifications of the plant’s physiology, resulting in changes in leaf litter quality and subsequent effects on the decomposition. Our results revealed the absence of direct negative effects for eight highly polluted sites, despite a disturbance of decomposer actors, specifically the increase in abundance of detritivores and a modified microbial colonization of the leaf litter at the polluted sites. These results are in favor of a sufficient functional redundancy of decomposer actors in the local communities, which allowed the maintenance of the decomposition process. We also showed a positive indirect effect of soil pollution on the decomposition. This effect resulted from the improvement of litter quality produced at the polluted sites. This induced, at least for some sites, an increase of the decomposition rate, possibly due to a higher activity of decomposer actors. Furthermore, we also observed pollutants accumulation in these litter, especially Cd and Zn. These pollutants could potentially impair decomposition actors. Whatever, presence of these pollutants in litter did not impair litter consumption by some detritivores. Numerous perspectives can be developed from this study. Among them it seems specifically important to evaluate: 1) which are the (physiological) mechanisms behind the increase in leaf litter quality at polluted sites? 2) How can different communities assure the same decomposition rates at polluted sites? and 3) Are there negative effects observed on the performance and physiology of detritivores when consuming leaf litter from polluted sites ?
Qasim, Bashar Hussein. "Détermination, spéciation et biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols contaminés et technosols." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2069/document.
Full textThis thesis dealt with the determination and study of the ecodynamics of trace metals in technosols highly contaminated in metals and metalloids in the context of natural revegetalisation or phytoremediation. Two sequential extraction schemes were used jointly with selective extractions in parallel with the determination of the total metals concentration in soils, the total dissolved metals concentration in the soil pore water, the metals labile pool (DGT) and germination tests with dwarf beans to investigate the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of (Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) for technosols of two post-mining (La Petite Faye) and industrial (Mortagne du Nord) sites. Additionally, young plants of P. euramericana Dorskamp were cultivated in rhizobox on Mortagne du Nord technosols to investigate the rhizospheric effect on the mobility of metals. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen addition under nitrate and ammonium on the behavior of these metals has been investigated for P. euramericana Dorskamp for the same soils. Despite the high total metals and metalloids concentration in the La Petite Faye soils, the mobility of these potentially toxic elements is limited because of their association with the residual fraction. The phytoavailability is also limited and correlated with the labile pool of technosols. The culture of P. euramericana Dorskamp generated a rhizospheric effect characterized by an increase of the pH and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil pore water and a decrease in the total dissolved concentration of metals (Zn, Pb et Cd) in the soil pore water. The addition of nitrogen under nitrate or ammonium respectively increased and decreased the soil pore water pH and in the case of ammonium the DOC also increased and stabilized metals in the rhizosphere in comparison to control soils
Blanchard, Claire Moszkowicz Pierre. "Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques dans les sols pollués." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2001. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=blanchard.
Full textMassoura, Stamatia. "Spéciation et phytodisponibilité du nickel dans les sols." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL009N.
Full textThis thesis relates to the study of parameters which influence the dynamic of nickel and its radionuclide 63 Ni in soils. At the Saille time, the study of the chemical and biological characteriza- tion of these elements availability in the soils is done. The available pool of Ni and 63 Ni (chemical estimation) was measured by chemical and isotopic methods and soil incubations; by evaluating the interest and limits of each roethod. The factors which influence the mobility of metal in soils were thus determined. With through this study, we showed that the bio- and phyto-availability of Ni depend on the soil mineralogy, on the soil weathering, on the type of metal associations with the mineraIs, and on the quantitative presence of these mineraIs. The transfer of Ni and 63 N i from the soil to the plant depends on the metal availability in the soil and on the roots behaviour to the soil offe1, in relation to the strategies of hyperaccumulation, accumulation or exclusion of N z. Plants are able to modify the metal availability in soils by influencing the sorption processes of Ni from the solid phase to the soil solution. They are also able to change the speciation of Ni in solu- tion however the majority form of Ni in the soil solution was N i2+. Hyperaccumulators regulate Ni and 63 N i concentration in soil solution and their migration to the ground water. If the physico-chemical properties of soils, the pollutant availability and the choice of the hyperaccumulators are taken into account, the se plants are able to decrease and control durably the ecotoxicological effects of trace elements and radionuclides contamination in soils
Mahdavi, Chahrokh. "Analyse probabiliste du comportement des sols et des ouvrages. Evaluation des risques dans les études géotechniques de traces de remblais sur sols mous." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523281.
Full textBravo-Bouyssy, Ketty. "Le sentiment de réussite professionnelle dans l'expérience du travail en solo : mesure, déterminants et conséquences." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20097.
Full textYOUSFI, ISABELLE. "Etude physico-chimique de la reactivite des elements-traces de sols pollues dans differentes conditions." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077262.
Full textPédrot, Mathieu. "Colloïdes et compositions élémentaires des solutions de sols." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00533848.
Full textParat, Corinne. "Effets à long terme de l'apport répété de déchets organiques sur l'évolution de la matière organique et des éléments traces métalliques dans un sol sableux acide (Couhins, 33)." Dijon, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01556412.
Full textIqbal, Muhammad. "Impact de l'occupation des sols agricoles contaminés sur la disponibilité des éléments trace : Mise en évidence du role des matières organiques dans le cas de cultures annuelles et cultures pérennes à vocation énergétique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00811413.
Full textHernandez, Laura. "Dynamique des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols de différents écosystèmes forestiers français : origine, distribution physique et chimique et facteurs de contrôle." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30067.
Full textZhong, Xueqian. "Modélisation des bilans et des flux de métaux en traces dans les sols sous agriculture urbaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0051.
Full textConsumption of vegetables grown in a soil contaminated by trace metals and direct soil inhalation pose a risk to human health. In order to maintain the sustainability of urban gardens, predicting the evolution of metals in soils should allow to identify risks related to metal contamination of soil, and thus to apply practices to better preserve the functions rendered by garden soils and target a more efficient rehabilitation of contaminated soils. We used a mass balance model to simulate the evolution of soil metals under the different gardening practices over time. The mass balance was improved to make it more applicable to vegetable gardens by considering the regular and intensive use of organic waste amendments. Leaching and plant uptake are the main flows of metals loss in soils. We incorporate the RothC and VSD+ models to simulate the changes in soil carbon and pH over time, respectively. Specific values of plant uptake factor for over 60 vegetable species have been collected from literature to simulate metal loss via plant uptake. Metal input flows are associated to chemical fertilizers, organic waste amendment, pesticides and atmospheric deposition. Soil tillage depth and crop rotation have also been considered in the model. We predicted the evolution of soil metal (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) concentrations in 104 French vegetable gardens over the next 100 years. If current gardening practices are maintained, an increase in soil Cd (35% on average), Cu (183%), and Zn (27%) contents should occur after a century. Soil Pb concentration should not vary consistently. The model has also been used to simulate the historical and future trends of soil metal concentrations in the King’s Vegetable Garden (Potager du Roi) in Versailles, which has more than 300 years of gardening practices since its creation in 1683. Simulated soil pH and OM by the integrated RothC and VSD+ modules are very close to measured values, with variation less than 10%. Soil Zn contents have been well simulated comparing to measured values, with a variation range of 3% to 25% in different scenarios. Less accurate results were found in the historical trend simulations of Cd, Cu and Pb content in soils. In the future trend simulations, the soil metal contents will increase by 39% for Cd, 20% for Cu, 5% for Pb, and 32% for Zn for the next century, while the current gardening practices will be maintained in King’s Vegetable Garden. Green waste compost contributes over 70% of the total input and output metal flows. Moreover, there would be a chronic over-exposure to Cd and Pb for people who would only consume vegetables grown in the King's Vegetable Garden in the future. According to the results of the simulations, current gardening practices can lead to accumulation of metals in French vegetable garden soils. A standard for gardening practices should be developed to prevent/mitigate soil metal contamination in order to ensure food safety
Piron, Denis. "Distribution de la drilosphère lombricienne et caractérisation bio-physique des faciès de bioturbation sous gradient de désintensification du travail mécanique des sols." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00456024.
Full textCaboche, Julien. "Validation d'un test de mesure de bioaccessibilité : application à quatre éléments traces métalliques dans les sols : as, Cd, Pb et Sb." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL049N/document.
Full textThe management of contaminated soil is based on the assessment of exposure of pollutants. The review shows that the direct routes of exposure, including soil ingestion for children, generate the highest risk levels. Currently, based on the total pollutant concentration in soil, risk assessment tends to be overestimate because only a fraction of the substance may penetrate into the body. The aim of the study is to demonstrate that in vitro UBM test (Unified Method Barge) is relevant to estimate the bioavailable fraction of metals in the soil by estimating the bioaccessible fraction. For this, it is necessary to show that the solubilization of contaminants in the gastrointestinal tract is a limiting step in oral bioavailability process and that bioaccessibility is correlated to bioavailability. For 15 soils selected on three different sites, the study shows that bioavailability is highly variable for lead (8% to 82%), cadmium (12% to 91%) and arsenic (3 % to 78%). For antimony, the relative bioavailability and bioaccessibility values are very low independently of the different soil characteristics (values <20%). Thus, these conditions do not allow to validate in vitro test for antimony. The results of correlations, for the three other contaminants, show that bioaccessibility is the limiting step in the bioavailability process and that UBM test is relevant to estimate the bioaccessibility. Our study also highlights the impact of the soil matrix on the variation of bioaccessibility values. Thus, it was shown that the distribution of contaminants in the different bearing phases of soil is a major and robust parameter to explain the variations of bioaccessibility for all soils studied. The results of the study highlight that the in vitro UBM test is a promising alternative to in vivo investigations to measure the exposure levels of metals after soil ingestion
Кулеба, В. В. "Віртуальні локальні мережі VLAN в малих локальних та побутових мережах SOHO." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/82235.
Full textVian, Jean-François. "Comparaison de différentes techniques de travail du sol en agriculture biologique : effet de la structure et de la localisation des résidus sur les microorganismes du sol et leurs activités de minéralisation du carbone et de l'azote." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005158.
Full textSalvia, Marie-Virginie. "Développement d’outils analytiques et méthodologiques pour l’analyse et le suivi de composés vétérinaires et stéroïdes hormonaux à l’état de traces dans l’eau et le sol." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10036/document.
Full textSeveral chemical products are dispersed in the environment and the consequences can be sometimes harmful for humans and the ecosystems. Among these substances appear the antibiotics and the hormonal steroids. Nowadays, only few data are available on the presence and the fate of these substances in the environment in particular for solid matrices, mainly due to a lack of methodologies. Consequently, methods to analyze traces of « emergent » contaminants in water and soil were carried out. Therefore, multi-residues and inter-families procedures based on LC-MS/MS analysis were established. Concerning the aqueous samples, 23 analytes are extracted with the SPE technique (OASIS HLB). MLQs are between 0.09 and 34 ng/L. For the solid matrix, the extraction procedure of 31 compounds is inspired from the method called QuEChERS and followed by a purification step. This methodology was validated and MLQs between 0.013 and 3 ng/g were obtained. Two antibiotics families, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, were studied separately as they have specific physical/chemical properties and are therefore difficult to extract from soil with an inter-families method. Then, the method developed for the soil matrix allowed a statistic study which showed the impact of the soil parameters on the recoveries and matrix effects. Finally, the methodologies were applied to a soil column study which allowed obtaining data on the transfer, accumulation and degradation of the substances in soil
Aguiar, Marcelo Figueiredo Massulo. "Redução no tamanho da amostra de pesquisas de entrevistas domiciliares para planejamento de transportes: uma verificação preliminar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18137/tde-28032014-193530/.
Full textThe main aim of this work is to verify, the possibility of reducing the sample size in home-interview surveys, without being detrimental to the quality and representation. The sub aim of this work is to analyze the influence of spatial characteristics and land use of an urban area. For both aims, the main analyses tool used was Data Miner called the Decision and Classification Tree which is in the software S-Plus 6.1. The Data Miner finds relations between trip chaining patterns and individual socioeconomic characteristics, spatial characteristics and land use patterns. The trip chaining patterns were coded in terms of chronological sequence of trip purpose, travel mode, travel time and the period of day in which travel occurs. The analyses were based on home-interview surveys carried out in the Belém Metropolitan Area in 2000, by Japan International Cooperation Agency and Pará State Government. In order to achieve the sub aim of this work, the method consisted of analyzing, using the Decision and Classification Tree, the influence of the categorical variable \"Macrozona\", which represents spatial characteristics and urban land use patterns, in trip chaining patterns carried by the individuals. Concerning the main aim, the method consisted of choosing sub-samples randomly containing 25% of the final sample of individuals and verifying (using Decision and Classification Tree and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test) whether the models obtained from the reduced samples can describe the frequency of the occurrence of the individuals trip chaining patterns in the final sample well. The first conclusion is that spatial characteristics and land use of the urban area have influenced the trip chaining patterns, and therefore they were also included as independent variables in the models obtained from the sub-samples. The main conclusion was the non-rejection of the hypothesis that it is possible to reduce the sample size in home-interview surveys used for trip-chaining research. Nevertheless, several other verifications are necessary before accepting this conclusion.
Coutelot, Fanny. "Étude de la lixiviation des Éléments Traces en zone non saturée : application à la réhabilitation des sites contaminés." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30021/document.
Full textThis work contributes to the knowledge of the mechanisms and factors controlling the transfer of trace elements, particularly in the soil- groundwater pathway. Extensive soil contamination with potentially toxic traces elements from various industries has in many industrialized countries received significant attention over the last two decades. Mass fluxes of trace elements in soils to groundwater are important input parameter for predicting the fate of pollution of aquifers and thus to assess the potential for contamination of drinking water resources. The objective of this study was to propose a method for measuring the fluxes in laboratory to simulate the natural conditions. For this, we have developed an unsaturated soil column. This column was then tested in various leaching conditions (compared to standardized leaching methods and tested under conditions of immobilization of trace elements). At first, the laboratory column reduces the error in the estimation of flux. And allows to highlight sorption, desorption and complexation of trace elements on the substrates. In a second step we evaluate the effect of mineral amendments on the mobility of trace elements in two contaminated soils (extraction), the study their location on the newly formed minerals (microscopy coupled with X-ray fluorescence spectrometers) and finally the leaching of these. The addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) and Steel Shot (GA) have significantly reduced the concentrations of Cd, Zn and As (in the case of the contribution of GA). In contrast, the addition of HA and GA in soils significantly increases the release of As (in the case of HA) and Pb following the addition of GA and HA). Mineral phases carrying these trace elements have been well characterized and the mechanisms responsible for the retention or release have been identified
Caurel, Chloé. "Etude expérimentale de la mobilité d'éléments traces (Cr, Cu, Pb, As) à l'échelle d'un système poral bimodal : importance et localisation de l'activité microbienne." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE2004.
Full textMany questions remain about the role of microbial activity in the mobility of trace elements in soils. These questions concern both the location of this activity within the porosity and the way it is affected by the saturation or unsaturation conditions of the porosity, or the way in which it affects differently trace elements. Direct and non-destructive methods for macro-microscopic observation are still not widely applied, as is the monitoring of the activity of microbial communities at different scales in the soil. Non-invasive techniques such as X-ray micro-tomography are increasingly used for soil characterization, but biofilm viewing requires more complex image processing. Understanding the development of biofilms and their in situ activity remains limited, but new experimental and observation capacities are emerging thanks to the development of micro fluidic devices such as "lab on chip" or geological lab on chips « GLoCs ». The objective of the present PhD is to better understand the conditions of establishment of microbial "hotspot" habitats in heterogeneous porous media, saturated or not, and their effects on their micro-environment as well as on the mobility of trace elements in contaminated soils. Two experimental devices were used on the basis of a configuration of complementary scales: small centimetric-sized columns and "lab-on-a-chip" sub-centimeter dimensions, the two devices having a simplified bimodal porous structure, properties mimicking the structure of a heterogeneous natural soil. Water transfer experiments in biotic and abiotic conditions were carried out to observe the impact of biofilms on the bio-geochemistry of small-scale environments under saturated and unsaturated water conditions, similar to the conditions of a real soil. The set of geochemical parameters monitored on the experimental system defines four geochemical environments, consistent with natural water percolation conditions. The monitoring of the redox potential, not often monitored on this type of experimental system, has made it possible to highlight the importance of biological activity on their geochemical microenvironments. Unlike natural soils containing more organic matter than technosols of industrial sites, the evolution of the redox potential is governed by the biological activity with respect to Fe and Mn and not by the oxidation of the organic matter and the availability in oxygen. The hydric parameter governs the installation of biofilms and seems to lead indirectly to a differentiation or selection of the populations present in the microbial consortium. The biological activity was higher under saturated conditions, and the processes appear to be more active in transition zones in terms of pore size, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray micro-tomography, via observations on lab-on-chip and via carbon concentrations in different particle size fractions. Under the two distinct hydric conditions, biofilms control the geochemical system and the redox potential leading to the immobilization of Cu, Pb and As, but also to the release of Cr in its most toxic form. The simplification of the system by percolation on sands made it possible to reproduce conditions close to technosols of industrial sites,which are generally poor in organic matter
Tolu, Julie. "Spéciation et mobilité du sélénium présent dans les sols à l’état de traces : contribution aux prévisions à long terme." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3002/document.
Full textA radioactive isotope of selenium was shown to be among the most critical radionuclide forsafety assessment of high level and long lived nuclear waste repository in case of hypotheticalsoil contamination. A methodology was thus developed to determine Se species (speciation)present in soils at trace level (μg kg-1; radiological context) in assessing their leaching andretention phases (distribution). Combined to a 77Se(IV) tracer, kinetically limited processes were shown to be involved in Se retention and chemical transformations in soils, suggesting that native Se behavior is particularly relevant for its long term mobility assessment and modeling. The investigation of native Se speciation and distribution in 29 soils has finally highlighted that soil organic matter impact the nature of Se species susceptible to be leached (organic and colloidal compounds) and the Se mobility (Se stabilization in solid phase via organo-mineral associations)
Zampella, Mariavittoria. "Distribution et disponibilité biologique des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols et les sédiments de la vallée du torrent Solofrana, Italie Méridionale." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2253.
Full textThe aim of this research was to study trace elements contamination of soils and sediments from the Solofrana river valley. The area was characterised by intensive agriculture and industrial activity. Numerous tanning plans caused in the past river water and sediment contamination. The results showed that the Solofrana valley soils flooded or irrigated with polluted water were contaminated by Cr and Cu. Chromium derived by deposition of Cr contaminated sediments on the soil surface and was bound mainly to organo-mineral complexes. Copper derived by agricultural practices and was mainly bound to organic matter. The soil and sediment <2. 0µm fraction was composed by quartz, feldspathes, carbonates, kaolinite, halloysite, illite, smectites, vermiculites, chlorites, amorphous Fe oxides; the <0. 1µm fraction was mainly made of proto-halloysite. A progressive incorporation of sediments in the soil matrix, the translocation of fine particles to depth and the translocation of trace elements bounds to the fine particles in the first centimetres of the soil profile were observed. Chromium and Cu concentrations were very high in the <2. 0 and <0. 1µm fractions. Results suggest a possible transfer of metal-rich colloids along soil pore network associated with soil water movement
Pagotto, Christelle. "Etude sur l'émission et le transfert dans les eaux et les sols des éléments traces métalliques et des hydrocarbures en domaine routier." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2321.
Full textGraouer, Bacart Mareen. "Devenir et transfert de polluants émergents issus du secteur de la santé dans les compartiments sol et eau de l’environnement - Influence de la présence d’éléments traces métalliques." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS008.
Full textThe overall objective of this project is to provide a better knowledge of pharmaceuticals fate in the environment, more particularly at water/soil interfaces, in order to follow the consequences of their use and disposal. The long-term issues concern the protection of the environment and public health. This work focuses on the characterization of retention properties of five pharmaceuticals in calcareous soils of the Champagne-Ardenne region in order to evaluate their potential transfer to water compartments. Various parameters having an influence on their retention were identified. The retention of enrofloxacin is highly affected by pH and ionic strength, diclofenac retention by CaCO3 and organic matter contents of soils which have antagonistic effect on its adsorption, the retention of sulfamethoxazole and carbamazepine is low on a calcareous soil, and iopamidol adsorption is negligible. Moreover, the influence of metal cations, ubiquitous pollutants in soils, on pharmaceuticals retention was also studied. Co-adsorption experiments indicated that the presence of copper and zinc modifies significantly enrofloxacin retention, leading to an increase of adsorbed amounts on the soil via the formation of a ternary surface complex, thus highlighting the importance to take into account the interaction between metals and pharmaceuticals for a better understanding of their behavior in soils. However, no noticeable impact of the presence of copper on other pharmaceuticals retention has been noticed
Soubrand-Colin, Marilyne. "Localisation, distribution et mobilité des ETM dans des sols développés sur roches basaltiques en climat tempéré." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/dc748927-4074-49be-a246-c087bcc555a1/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0046.pdf.
Full textSix soils from the French Massif Central, submitted to different microclimatic environments, have been studied in order to determine the distribution and speciation of metallic trace elements (MTE) in the solid fraction of soils developed on weathered basalts and basanites. The tertiary basaltic rocks, and their subsequent developed soils, present high Cr (248-455 mg/kg) and Ni (126-237 mg/kg) contents. These soils are all andic soils, rich in organo - complexes but presenting no allophane. Three different approaches were combined to study the fate and the mobility of the MTE during supergene alteration. The mineralogical study of the unweathered rocks pointed out that MTE are present in the chromiferous spinels, the titanomagnetites and in the ferromagnesian silicates (forsterite and augite). The hydrolysis of the ferromagnesian silicates as well as the spinels resistance to alteration are the two main parameters respectively controlling the released of the MTE and their retention in clays associated to the authigenic iron oxides. Isovolumic balance and enrichment factor are the two quantitative methods carried out to evidence the pedological and lithological roles of these parameters involved in the MTE distribution in the three soils developed on basalts. This study confirmed the mineralogical control on the Cr and Ni distribution whereas the Cu and Zn distribution is related to organic matter and organo - minerals complexes. Despite the alteration strength of the mineralogical carriers, Cr and Ni tend to be partially released from the leaching of andosols in colder and higher rainfall conditions on the contrary to the andic cambisols environments where Cr and Ni are preserved. The organic components role is evidenced by the immobilisation of Cu and Zn whereas the major elements (Na, Mg, Ca, Si) are highly released. The selective extractions confirmed the main association of Cu with the soil organic components. This study highlight the low potential mobility of the MTE in mountainous temperate climate on the contrary to previous works carried out in warmer climate environments
Blanchard, Claire. "Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques dans les sols pollués." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0021/these.pdf.
Full textThe specific objective of this study is to characterize metal mobility from contaminated soils through laboratory tests. The literature work consisted in a complete review of leaching/extraction tests in collaboration with French association for normalization. Lab work consisted in carrying out previously chosen leaching tests (sequential extractions, single extractions, column test and Compact Granular Leach Test) over an artificially contaminated soil (fresh and aged) and an industrial soil containing As, Cr, Pb , Zn. Results) comparison allowed to set up a method assessing metal potential mobilization from contaminated coifs