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Journal articles on the topic 'Solitaries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

MANFREDINI, MATTEO, and MARCO BRESCHI. "Living alone in nineteenth-century rural Italy: was there any way out?" Continuity and Change 32, no. 3 (November 13, 2017): 411–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416017000327.

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AbstractFew studies have dealt with the issue of people living alone in pretransitional rural populations. Alone by choice or circumstances, usually poor and sometimes stigmatised, solitaries often had a hard life. This article analyses the characteristics and life-histories of people living alone in two rural villages in nineteenth-century Italy with the aim of understanding whether and how solitaries managed to find a way out from solitude. The results show that solitaries got married, joined another household, and especially emigrated more than the rest of the population, which is a strong indication of their willingness to break out of solitariness. The individuation of the demographic profile associated with such specific behaviours, namely being male, young, and widowed, allowed us also to draw some hypotheses on the role of availability and quality of social connections on the chances to escape from a solitary condition, as well as on the characteristics of migratory flows of solitaries from the countryside to the cities.

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2

MATHEWS, E. G. "'On Solitaries'." Le Muséon 103, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/mus.103.1.2006105.

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3

Sjoholm, Barbara, Rosemary Dinnage, and Rachel Cohen. "Solitaries and Friends." Women's Review of Books 22, no. 1 (October 2004): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4024460.

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4

Pott, Christian, and Johanna H. A. Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert. "The type specimen of Nilssoniopteris solitaria (Phillips 1829) (Bennettitales)." Acta Palaeobotanica 57, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2017-0008.

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AbstractWe identified and located the type specimen ofScolopendrium solitarium, which is the basionym to what for decades was commonly referred to as “Nilssoniopteris vittata” and is now known asNilssoniopteris solitaria(Phillips) Cleal et P.M.Rees. As Cleal and Rees (2003) never located and studied the type specimen ofScolopendrium solitariumand simply trusted Harris (1969), who includedScolopendrium solitariumin the synonymy ofNilssoniopteris vittata, it remained to be shown that this specimen indeed has bennettitalean affinities. Here we provide results of a cuticular analysis of the material and confirm the bennettitalean nature ofScolopendrium solitarium, and consequently that its placement inNilssoniopteris solitariais valid.Nilssoniopteris solitariais, as a senior synonym ofNilssoniopteris tenuinervis, the type species ofNilssoniopteris. The name “Nilssoniopteris vittata” should no longer be used because it was based onTaeniopteris vittata, which is the conserved type ofTaeniopteris, a genus in which taeniopterid fossils are placed if epidermal anatomy is unknown. Specimens identified as this species but yielding a bennettitalean cuticle should be referred to asNilssoniopteris solitaria.

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5

Perl, J. M. "A Pelican in the Wilderness: Hermits, Solitaries, and Recluses." Common Knowledge 9, no. 3 (October 1, 2003): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-9-3-552.

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6

Dykstra, Scott. "Wordsworth's "Solitaries" and the Problem of Literary Reference." ELH 63, no. 4 (1996): 893–928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/elh.1996.0040.

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7

Bracke, Astrid. "Solitaries, Outcasts and Doubles: The Fictional Oeuvre of John Burnside." English Studies 95, no. 4 (May 19, 2014): 421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0013838x.2014.908036.

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8

Pinar, Zehra. "Simulations of surface corrugations of graphene sheets through the generalized graphene thermophoretic motion equation." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 09, no. 01 (March 2020): 2050005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684120500050.

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In the current decade, nanomaterials have attracted great attention due to the wide range of applications in various disciplines and nanotechnology. Graphene is the best nanoscale material and one of the thinnest elastic films and has various applications. The thermophoretic motion system describes the diffusion of solitaries into substrate-supported graphene sheets. Lie group transformation of the motion equation is used to reduce the equation into solvable equation which is solved through the Bernoulli approximation method and some properties of the solutions are discussed.

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9

Tsigkri-DeSmedt, N. D., N. V. Sarlis, and A. Provata. "Shooting solitaries due to small-world connectivity in leaky integrate-and-fire networks." Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 31, no. 8 (August 2021): 083129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0055163.

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10

Herman, David. "Gabriel Josipovici." European Judaism 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 32–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2019.520107.

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This article explores three central figures that recur in Gabriel Josipovici’s critical writing. All three are essentially solitary. First, there is the creative figure – the artist, the composer, the writer – alone in their study or studio. Second, there is a curiously impersonal figure, more elusive, harder to pin down. Not the writer or artist but an anonymous figure walking down the road, Wordsworth’s solitaries in The Prelude and Paul Klee’s Wander-Artist. And, finally, there are Jewish figures, especially from Kafka and the Hebrew Bible. What are these bare, elusive anonymous figures doing in Josipovici’s writing? Why do they come up so often, throughout his work, from the mid 1970s to the present? And are they lifeless or are they full of life, deeply human, rooted in history and literature?

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11

Преображенский, Александр Михайлович, and Максим Глебович Калинин. "Sacramental Prayer of Joseph Ḥazzāyā." Библия и христианская древность, no. 4(4) (December 16, 2019): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2658-4476-2019-4-4-123-140.

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Статья посвящена рукописной традиции евхаристической молитвы Иосифа Хаззайи. Она является одним из самых ярких текстов этого восточносирийского мистика, связанных с литургической тематикой. Вводятся в научный оборот два новых рукописных свидетельства евхаристической молитвы Иосифа Хаззайи. Впервые даётся описание чина «Литургии для отшельников», в составе которого евхаристическая молитва сохранилась в части рукописей. Наконец, впервые на русском языке публикуется перевод этой молитвы с классического сирийского языка. The present paper deals with the manuscript tradition of the sacramental prayer of Joseph Ḥazzāyā, an East Syriac mystical writer and theologian of the 8th c. This prayer is one of his most outstanding texts dealing with liturgical topics. Two previously unidentified manuscript attestations of the sacramental prayer are described here. For the first time the description of the «Order of the liturgy for solitaries» is provided. Besides this, for the first time for Russian-speaking readers, a translation from Syriac is made for this prayer.

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12

Преображенский, Александр Михайлович, and Максим Глебович Калинин. "Sacramental Prayer of Joseph Ḥazzāyā." Библия и христианская древность, no. 4(4) (December 16, 2019): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2658-4476-2019-4-4-123-140.

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Статья посвящена рукописной традиции евхаристической молитвы Иосифа Хаззайи. Она является одним из самых ярких текстов этого восточносирийского мистика, связанных с литургической тематикой. Вводятся в научный оборот два новых рукописных свидетельства евхаристической молитвы Иосифа Хаззайи. Впервые даётся описание чина «Литургии для отшельников», в составе которого евхаристическая молитва сохранилась в части рукописей. Наконец, впервые на русском языке публикуется перевод этой молитвы с классического сирийского языка. The present paper deals with the manuscript tradition of the sacramental prayer of Joseph Ḥazzāyā, an East Syriac mystical writer and theologian of the 8th c. This prayer is one of his most outstanding texts dealing with liturgical topics. Two previously unidentified manuscript attestations of the sacramental prayer are described here. For the first time the description of the «Order of the liturgy for solitaries» is provided. Besides this, for the first time for Russian-speaking readers, a translation from Syriac is made for this prayer.

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13

Ishwaran, Natarajan. "Ecology of the Asian Elephant in lowland dry zone habitats of the Mahaweli River Basin, Sri Lanka." Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, no. 2 (May 1993): 169–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007148.

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ABSTRACTThe ecology of the Sri Lankan elephant in the Wasgomuwa Strict Nature Reserve and its environs is reported for the first time. Seasonal changes in the availability of grazing sites influenced changes in the home range of elephants. Availability of such sites in the wet season was limited by agricultural activities. Paddylands, after the harvest of the rice crop in the late wet season, became important dry season grazing sites. In the Reserve and areas outside its southern boundary on the left bank of the Mahaweli River, (a) female herds were seen more often than solitaries (b) female herds were larger and had a higher than expected number of juveniles in the dry than in the wet season (c) about 45% of the individuals were juveniles and (d) 7.4% of adult and sub-adult females had calves. Conflict between elephants and farmers will be most intense along the southern and eastern boundaries of the Wasgomuwa National Park, established in 1984 by the addition of new areas predominantly to the northern part of the Wasgomuwa Strict Nature Reserve.

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14

Li, Xueyou, Cheng Huang, and Xuelong Jiang. "Spatiotemporal occurrence of Mishmi takin Budorcas taxicolor in Dulongjiang Region, southwestern China." Mammalia 84, no. 6 (November 26, 2020): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2019-0114.

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AbstractHere, we assessed the spatiotemporal distribution of the poorly studied Mishmi takin Budorcas taxicolor to gain a preliminary understanding of the spatiotemporal ecology of the species. We used presence data from line transects and camera-trap surveys combined with a presence-only species distribution model to identify the key factors relevant to takin distribution. Distance to residential site was the main contributing factor to the model predicting habitat suitability for takin. Mishmi takin appeared to prefer habitats far away from residential locations. Our predicted suitable habitats for takin were highly fragmented and were constrained in narrow ranges of remote mountain areas. A circular distribution curve fitted to camera events indicated that grouped takin were more active during the day and less active at night compared to solitary takin. Differences in activity patterns between takin in groups and solitaries might relate to sexual segregation and calve attendance. Our information on the distribution and habitat characteristics of the species will assist habitat management and our prediction map could guide future field surveys for locating a long-term monitoring program.

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15

Hernandez Torres, Ismael, and E. Mark Engleman. "Anatomía de la lámina foliar del género Trisetum (Gramineae: Pooideae) en México." Acta Botanica Mexicana, no. 31 (April 1, 1995): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21829/abm31.1995.736.

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Se describe la anatomía foliar en sección transversal y de la epidermis abaxial para 12 especies de Trisetum Pers. presentes en México. En nueve de ellas se observaron células del mesófilo alargadas con paredes onduladas. En la zona costal de la epidermis de todas las especies, excepto T. filifolium, las células cortas (de sílice y de corcho) frecuentemente se presentan en hileras, y en la zona intercostal éstas se observaron solamente en cuatro especies, ya sea en pares o solitarias. En la zona costal se encontraron cuerpos de sílice alargados, solitarios y de contorno ondulado.

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16

Bumazhnov, Dmitrij F. "Revolution of the Solitaries, Arsenius the Great, and Socrates. An Early Theological Justification of the Radical Monastic Detachment from Society." Philologia Classica 15, no. 1 (2020): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu20.2020.106.

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17

Huang, Bi-Lan, Qiu-Gui Wang, Liang-Zhu Yu, Qiong Tang, and Jie-Qiong Ding. "Effect of electroacupuncturing Zusanli point on stress-induced gastric mucosal injury and and its relationship with receptors in nucleus tractus solitaries." World Chinese Journal of Digestology 14, no. 24 (2006): 2444. http://dx.doi.org/10.11569/wcjd.v14.i24.2444.

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18

Gong, Yanling, Yang Liu, Fei Liu, Shasha Wang, Hong Jin, Feifei Guo, and Luo Xu. "Ghrelin fibers from lateral hypothalamus project to nucleus tractus solitaries and are involved in gastric motility regulation in cisplatin-treated rats." Brain Research 1659 (March 2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.004.

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19

Corsano, Paola, Gabriella Majorano, Giovanni Michelini, and Alessandro Musetti. "Solitudine e autodeterminazione in adolescenza." RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA, no. 4 (March 2013): 473–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rip2011-004003.

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Il presente studio indaga la relazione tra il grado di autodeterminazione al comportamento solitario, il sentimento di solitudine e l'attitudine nei confronti di tale esperienza. A 1143 adolescenti di eta compresa tra i 14 e i 20 anni (M=16.71; DS= 1.52) sono stati somministrati il Frequency of and Autonomy for Solitary and Interpersonal Behavior (FASIB; Beiswenger, 2008) e il Louvain Loneliness Scale for Children and Adolescents (LLCA; Marcoen, Goossens, e Caes, 1987). Un'indagine sulle proprieta psicometriche del FASIB ne ha mostrato l'applicabilita nel contesto italiano (Studio 1). L'analisi delle correlazioni di Pearson ha evidenziato una relazione positiva tra motivazione autonoma al comportamento solitario e l'affinita per la solitudine. Il sentimento di solitudine nei confronti dei pari e correlato con la motivazione esterna al comportamento solitario e con l'assenza di motivazione (Studio 2). I dati supportano la teoria dell'autodeterminazione, sottolineando il ruolo dell'autonomia nella messa in atto dei comportamenti solitari.

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20

Муравьёв, Алексей Владимирович. "Mār Aphrem’ Memra ‘On Solitaries’ and the Founders of the Messalian Movement in 4th Century Edessa. Part First: Context and Text (1-100)." Библия и христианская древность, no. 1(5) (February 15, 2020): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2658-4476-2020-1-5-97-114.

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Первая часть посвящена исследованию аскетических тем у Мар Афрема на основе сопоставления разных частей его корпуса. Сирийский аскетизм у него отражён в трёх основных формах: городские общины «обетников», странничество и разновидность последнего - «воскизм», связанный не только с отказом от стабильного местопребывания, но и с определённой диетой (питанием травой и листьями). Странничество (ˀksnayūṯā) в латинской и греческой традиции попало под подозрения, gyrovagi и «мессалиане» стали проклинаться и изгоняться. В сирийской традиции конкуренция между странничеством и киновией была более долгой. В IV в. этот вопрос для Мар Афрема ещё не имел остроты: он восхвалял Мар Юлиана Саббу и Мар Авраама Кидонского, которые практиковали радикальные формы отшельничества. В ряду аскетических сочинений Мар Афрема важное место занимает мемра (метризованная гомилия) «Об отшельниках». Она принадлежит к циклу сочинений и интересна прежде всего описанием форм местных особенностей аскетической жизни (īḥı̄ ḏayūṯā) в Верхней Месопотамии и Сирии. В ней описаны практики пустынного отшельничества и социальной самоизоляции, которые связываются с начальным этапом «мессалианского» движения (национального сирийского аскетизма). Статья сопровождается переводом стихов 1-100 мемры. The article (being the 1st part of the cycle) is dedicated to the ascetic themes in Mār Aphrem the of Nisibis (St. Ephrem the Syrian) treated in different parts of his corpus. Asceticism is reflecxted in mār Aphrem under three main forms: city asceticism, wandering asceticism (xeniteia) and the sub-form of the latter, boskoi-asceticism. The wandering tradition got strog criticism in the Latin and Greek tradition as gyrovagi and ‘messalians’. In the Syriac tradition, the competition between wanderinf and coenobion lasted much longer. Aphrem’s mêmrā (metrical homily) On the hermits and solitaries belongs to the ascetical cycle and is interesting, first of all, by its description of the local forms of asceticism (īḥıḏayūṯā) in Upper Mesopotamia and Syria. It describes the practices of desert hermitage and social self-isolation, which are associated with the initial stage of the ‘messalian’ movement which turns to be a form of the national Syrian asceticism. The translation of verses 1-100 of the memra accompanies the text.

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21

Муравьёв, Алексей Владимирович. "Mār Aphrem’ Memra ‘On Solitaries’ and the Founders of the Messalian Movement in 4th Century Edessa. Part First: Context and Text (1-100)." Библия и христианская древность, no. 1(5) (February 15, 2020): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2658-4476-2020-1-5-97-114.

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Первая часть посвящена исследованию аскетических тем у Мар Афрема на основе сопоставления разных частей его корпуса. Сирийский аскетизм у него отражён в трёх основных формах: городские общины «обетников», странничество и разновидность последнего - «воскизм», связанный не только с отказом от стабильного местопребывания, но и с определённой диетой (питанием травой и листьями). Странничество (ˀksnayūṯā) в латинской и греческой традиции попало под подозрения, gyrovagi и «мессалиане» стали проклинаться и изгоняться. В сирийской традиции конкуренция между странничеством и киновией была более долгой. В IV в. этот вопрос для Мар Афрема ещё не имел остроты: он восхвалял Мар Юлиана Саббу и Мар Авраама Кидонского, которые практиковали радикальные формы отшельничества. В ряду аскетических сочинений Мар Афрема важное место занимает мемра (метризованная гомилия) «Об отшельниках». Она принадлежит к циклу сочинений и интересна прежде всего описанием форм местных особенностей аскетической жизни (īḥı̄ ḏayūṯā) в Верхней Месопотамии и Сирии. В ней описаны практики пустынного отшельничества и социальной самоизоляции, которые связываются с начальным этапом «мессалианского» движения (национального сирийского аскетизма). Статья сопровождается переводом стихов 1-100 мемры. The article (being the 1st part of the cycle) is dedicated to the ascetic themes in Mār Aphrem the of Nisibis (St. Ephrem the Syrian) treated in different parts of his corpus. Asceticism is reflecxted in mār Aphrem under three main forms: city asceticism, wandering asceticism (xeniteia) and the sub-form of the latter, boskoi-asceticism. The wandering tradition got strog criticism in the Latin and Greek tradition as gyrovagi and ‘messalians’. In the Syriac tradition, the competition between wanderinf and coenobion lasted much longer. Aphrem’s mêmrā (metrical homily) On the hermits and solitaries belongs to the ascetical cycle and is interesting, first of all, by its description of the local forms of asceticism (īḥıḏayūṯā) in Upper Mesopotamia and Syria. It describes the practices of desert hermitage and social self-isolation, which are associated with the initial stage of the ‘messalian’ movement which turns to be a form of the national Syrian asceticism. The translation of verses 1-100 of the memra accompanies the text.

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22

Wiebe, Peter H., Dezhang Chu, Stein Kaartvedt, Anna Hundt, Webjorn Melle, Egil Ona, and Paola Batta-Lona. "The acoustic properties of Salpa thompsoni." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 3 (December 1, 2009): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp263.

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Abstract Wiebe, P. H., Chu, D., Kaartvedt, S., Hundt, A., Melle, W., Ona, E., and Batta-Lona, P. 2010. The acoustic properties of Salpa thompsoni. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 583–593. Aggregations of the salp Salpa thompsoni were encountered during the Antarctic krill and ecosystem-studies cruise on the RV “G.O. Sars” from 19 February to 27 March 2008. The salp's in situ target strength (TS), size, number of individuals in aggregate chains, and chain angle of orientation were determined. Shipboard measurements were made of Salpa thompsoni's material properties. Individual aggregates were mostly 45.5–60.6 mm in mean length; relatively rare solitaries were ∼100 mm. Chains ranged from 3 to at least 121 individuals, and in surface waters (<20 m), they showed no preferred angle of orientation. Sound-speed contrast (h) ranged from 1.0060 to 1.0201 and density contrast (g) estimates between 1.0000 and 1.0039. The in situ TS distributions peaked between −75 and −76 dB at 38 kHz, with a secondary peak at approximately −65 dB. TS ranged between −85 and −65 dB at 120 and 200 kHz and peaked around −74 dB. The measured in situ TS of salps reasonably matched the theoretical scattering-model predictions based on multi-individual chains. The backscattering from aggregate salps gives rise to TS values that can be similar to krill and other zooplankton with higher density and sound-speed contrasts.

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23

VILLARREAL-EB, OSCAR, FRANCISCO FRANCO-GUERRA,, JULIO CAMACHO-RONQUILLO, JORGE HERNÁNDEZ-HENÁNDEZ, GERMÁN MENDOZA-MARTÍNEZ,, and FERNANDO PLATA-PÉREZ. "Registro de águila solitaria (Harpyhaliaetus solitarius, TSCHUDI 1844) en la región Mixteca Poblana, México." Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA 5, no. 2 (July 12, 2013): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.24188/recia.v5.n2.2013.455.

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En México, HOWELL y WEBB (1995) y la CONANP (2000) señalan que la distribución geográfica del águila solitaria (Harpyhaliaetus solitarius, TSCHUDI 1844), abarca la Sierra Madre Occidental, el occidente del eje Neovolcánico Transversal y las montañas de Chiapas. Por su parte, MORALES y URBINA (1996) marcan su distribución a lo largo de las sierras madre Oriental, Occidental y del Sur, hacia el Istmo de Tehuantepec y las sierras de Chiapas. Esta ave rapaz durante el vuelo, se distingue de otras especies similares, por sus alas muy anchas y su cola corta con una franja blanca, ancha y transversal, el resto del plumaje es negro obscuro (PETERSON y CHALIF, 1989; HOWELL y WEBB, 1995; FERGUSON-LEES y CHRISTIE, 2001). Cuando el ave está posada se aprecia su gran tamaño y robustez, entre 63 y 79 cm. de longitud, con peso aproximado de 3 kg, en ocasiones se percibe una pequeña cresta en la nuca (PETERSON y CHALIF, 1989; MORALES y URBINA, 1996; CAMACHO y MENA, 2001; FERGUSON-LEES y CHRISTIE, 2001).

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24

Wang, Y. T., and D. Bieger. "Role of solitarial GABAergic mechanisms in control of swallowing." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 261, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): R639—R646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.3.r639.

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The role of solitarial gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic mechanisms in deglutition was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats. When applied to the dorsal extraventricular surface of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), muscimol reversibly inhibited 1) buccopharyngeal swallows evoked by either electrical or chemical stimulation of the NTS and 2) esophageal peristalsis evoked by muscarinic agonists. Bicuculline (5-1,000 pmol) applied to the NTS surface evoked rhythmic swallowing, which was reversibly blocked by DL-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (5-500 pmol). Methscopolamine (5-100 pmol) applied at the same site abolished the esophageal component of the response. Intrasolitarial application of bicuculline at s-glutamate-responsive loci in the intermediate and central subnuclei gave rise to buccopharyngeal and esophageal responses, respectively, and to a concomitant facilitation of glutamate-evoked responses. In subliminal doses ejected at esophageal loci, bicuculline induced deglutitive esophageal peristalsis during elicitation of buccopharyngeal swallowing by chemical (kainate or norepinephrine) or electrical stimulation of the NTS. We conclude that solitarial GABA neurons exert a tonic inhibition of the medullary deglutitive pattern generator and control buccopharyngeal-esophageal coupling.

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Dickison, William C., and Kristen D. Phend. "Wood Anatomy of the Styracaceae: Evolutionary and Ecological Considerations." IAWA Journal 6, no. 1 (1985): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000903.

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Woods of over 40 species representing nine genera of Styracaceae were studied. Features present in most taxa include growth rings, diffuse porosity, combinations of both solitaries and pore multiples, exclusively scalariform perforation plates, opposite to alternate intervessel pitting, imperforate tracheary elements with indistinctly bordered pits, both uniseriate and multiseriate heterocellular rays, and axial parenchyma distributed as a combination of diffuse, diffuse-in-aggregates, and scanty. Prismatic crystals occur in species of the genera Bruinsmia, Halesia, and Styrax, and silica is present in a few Neotropical species of Styrax. The characteristic solitary pore distribution and high scalariform perforation plate bar number of Huodendron are of potential evolutionary significance. The xylem of Lissocarpa differs from the Styracaceae in possessing more highly evolved vessel elements with both simple and scalariform perforations and prominently banded axial parenchyma. The occurrence of simple perforation plates in the wider, earlywood vessel elements, along with an increased pore frequency and decreased vessel element length, in Styrax platanifolius and S. texanus is documented. Both species inhabit seasonally dry habitats of the southwestern United States, thus supporting similar specialisations observed in other plants growing in xerophytic conditions. The apparent variation in perforation plate condition within different geographic varieties of S. officinalis is discussed. Significant correlations of wood anatomical characters and latitude of provenance are present among species of Styracaceae. Increasing latitude is strongly correlated with increased pore and multiseriate ray frequency, and decreased vessel element length and wall thickness. Increasing latitude is less strongly correlated with an occurrence of decreased pore diameter, increased bar number per perforation plate, increased fibre-tracheid and intervessel pit diameter, and increased frequency of uniseriate rays. Weak correlations are also evident between increasing latitude and shorter ray height and narrower, shorter, and thinner-walled fibre-tracheids.

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26

RIZZO, S., A. A. M. GIUNTA, and A. PENNACCHI. "Tumore Fibroso Solitario nasosinusale e rinofaringeo: un caso clinico e una revisione della letteratura." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 35, no. 6 (December 2015): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-163813.

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I tumori fibrosi solitari sono neoplasie rare, che si sviluppano principalmente a livello pleurico. Molto più raramente possono comunque coinvolgere sedi extrapleuriche tra cui la testa e il collo.Riportiamo un raro caso di tumore fibroso solitario extrapleurico nasosinusale e rinofaringeo. La neoplasia, di 67 x 28 x 55 mm, è stata prima embolizzata e poi asportato con successo per via endoscopica transnasale. L’esame istologico ha confermato la natura della lesione, che si è dimostrata positiva alla CD34 e alla Vimentina. Una TC post-operatoria e uno stretto programma di follow-up endoscopico hanno dimostrato l’assenza di persistenze e o recidive di malattia dopo 13 mesi.

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27

Fontana, Sebastián, Lucio Menutti, Fernando Borrego, Ruth Ferreyra de Prato, and Oscar S. Corominas. "Neurofibroma Solitario Intrabucal. Reporte de un caso de manifestación poco frecuente." Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba 77, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v77.n1.25244.

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Introducción: El Neurofibroma (NF) es un tumor benigno que se origina a partir de las células neuronales, pudiendo presentarse en forma solitaria o múltiple. Su manifestación dentro de la cavidad bucal es poco frecuente, con un rango etario amplio de aparición. Se presenta de forma nodular de base sésil, de crecimiento lento y tamaño variable. Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es presentar un caso clínico de un neurofibroma solitario, de manifestación poco frecuente, con asiento en la cavidad bucal. Metodología: Se analiza el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 86 años de edad, que concurre a la consulta con una asimetría facial del lado derecho sin sintomatología dolorosa. A la inspección se observa una lesión nodular de base sésil, móvil, de aproximadamente 5cm de largo por 3cm de ancho. Como tratamiento se decide realizar la extirpación quirúrgica completa de la masa tumoral. El estudio de anatomía patológica, revela que se trata de un Neurofibroma solitario. Conclusión: En el caso que se presenta en este trabajo, fue la correcta intervención quirúrgica y el estudio antomopatológico de la pieza operatoria, lo que posibilitó arribar a un diagnóstico definitivo de la lesión.

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28

Coteño Muñoz, Alejandro. "Terrorismo individual = Individual terrorism." EUNOMÍA. Revista en Cultura de la Legalidad, no. 15 (October 1, 2018): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2018.4356.

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Resumen: Los atentados perpetrados por actores solitarios en los últimos años han despertado el interés del legislador por la figura del terrorismo individual. No obstante, aunque este se regula en las últimas reformas penales, no se ha dispuesto una definición del mismo en términos positivos, sino que ésta únicamente se dispone en términos negativos con respecto al terrorismo colectivo. Así las cosas, en este trabajo se delinean los criterios para determinar cuándo un acto de terrorismo entra dentro del terrorismo individual y se aplican estas herramientas en tres casos paradigmáticos de lo generalmente conocido como “lobo solitario”. Por último, se aportan tres clasificaciones diferentes del terrorista individual a fin de apuntalar una base sólida que permita una aproximación a sus distintos niveles de peligrosidad criminal.Palabras clave: Terrorismo individual, organización terrorista, grupo terrorista, lobos solitarios, pertenencia.Abstract: The attacks perpetrated on recent years by lone actors have aroused the interest of the lawmaker for the concept of individual terrorism. However, although it has been regulated in the last criminal reforms, a definition of it has not been positivized, a definition of it has not been provided in positive terms, but only in negative terms regarding collective terrorism. In this context, this study outlines the criteria to determine when an act of terrorism falls into individual terrorism and these tools are applied to three paradigmatic cases of what is generally known as lone wolves. Finally, three different classifications of the individual terrorist are provided to underpin a solid basis for an approach to their different levels of criminal dangerousness.Keywords: Individual terrorism, terrorist organization, terrorist group, lone wolves, membership.

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29

Ennahar, Saïd, and Yimin Cai. "Biochemical and genetic evidence for the transfer of Enterococcus solitarius Collins et al. 1989 to the genus Tetragenococcus as Tetragenococcus solitarius comb. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 2 (March 1, 2005): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63205-0.

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Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that Enterococcus solitarius is not a member of the genus Enterococcus, but is related to species of the genus Tetragenococcus. On a phylogenetic tree, E. solitarius clustered with Tetragenococcus halophilus and Tetragenococcus muriaticus, with which it showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity level (about 94 %). Phenotypic studies indicated that E. solitarius was also unable to produce acid from lactose, providing further evidence of its affiliation to the genus Tetragenococcus. DNA hybridization studies indicated that E. solitarius was clearly a separate species, different from T. halophilus and T. muriaticus (reassociation levels of about 23 and 54 %, respectively). As suggested in previous studies, E. solitarius is closely related to but clearly distinct from T. halophilus. Based upon properties that taxonomically distinguish it from species of the genus Enterococcus, it is proposed that E. solitarius be transferred to the genus Tetragenococcus and reclassified as Tetragenococcus solitarius comb. nov. (type strain, 885/78T=ATCC 49428T=CCUG 29293T=CIP 103330T=DSM 5634T=JCM 8736T=LMG 12890T=NCTC 12193T).

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30

Carrillo Bohórquez, Elizabeth. "Iniciación, Caída y Redención: la evolución romántica del sujeto femenino en la obra poética de Rosario Castellanos." Anales de Literatura Hispanoamericana 47 (December 11, 2018): 473–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/alhi.62749.

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La exploración de la interioridad del ser ha sido una de las preocupaciones principales de los escritores románticos y de sus herederos, quienes, con tal objetivo, se apropian del mito bíblico para abordar la terra incognita de la espiritualidad humana y representar su evolución en la poesía. Rosario Castellanos, escritora mexicana de mediados del siglo XX, retoma este modelo de apropiación intertextual y, haciendo uso del correlato de la Caída de Adán y Eva, presenta el desarrollo del yo femenino de sus composiciones poéticas en tres momentos contiguos: el primero, de Iniciación, en el que la voz poética experimenta un etapa de plenitud primigenia, de analogía, a veces nublada por momentos de individuación, el segundo, de Caída, en el que la individuación pasada se intensifica hasta convertirse en autoconocimiento solipsista y solitario, y un tercer momento, de Redención, en el que el deseo de plenitud de la Iniciación y la solitaria autognosis de la Caída se funden en un estado de reconocimiento lúcido e irónico del yo.

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31

Stern, Steve J., Marta Donís, and Marta Donis. "Todavía más solitarios." Revista Mexicana de Sociología 51, no. 3 (July 1989): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3540759.

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32

Sennari, Eiichi, Toshihiro Nishiguchi, Takahiro Okishima, Masashi Koono, Yuji Matsuoka, Yuichi Sato, and Kunio Hayakawa. "Truncus solitarius pulmonalis." Pediatric Cardiology 11, no. 1 (March 1990): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02239549.

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33

Accorsi-Mendonça, Daniela, Leni G. H. Bonagamba, and Benedito H. Machado. "Astrocytic modulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission is reduced in NTS of rats submitted to short-term sustained hypoxia." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 1822–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00279.2018.

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Sustained hypoxia (SH) activates chemoreceptors to produce cardiovascular and respiratory responses to bring the arterial partial pressure of O2 back to the physiological range. We evaluated the effect of SH (fraction of inspired O2 = 0.10, 24 h) on glutamatergic synaptic transmission and the interaction neuron-astrocyte in neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Tractus solitarius (TS) fiber stimulation induced glutamatergic currents in neurons and astrocytes. SH increased α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/kainate (AMPA/kainate) [−183 ± 122 pA ( n = 10) vs. −353 ± 101 pA ( n = 10)] and N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) current amplitude [61 ± 10 pA ( n = 7) vs. 102 ± 37 pA ( n = 10)]. To investigate the effects of SH, we used fluoroacetate (FAC), an astrocytic inhibitor, which revealed an excitatory modulation on AMPA/kainate current and an inhibitory modulation of NMDA current in control rats. SH blunted the astrocytic modulation of AMPA [artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF): −353 ± 101 pA vs. aCSF + FAC: −369 ± 76 pA ( n = 10)] and NMDA currents [aCSF: 102 ± 37 pA vs. aCSF + FAC: 108 ± 32 pA ( n = 10)]. SH increased AMPA current density [control: −6 ± 3.5 pA/pF ( n = 6) vs. SH: −20 ± 12 pA/pF ( n = 7)], suggesting changes in density, conductance, or affinity of AMPA receptors. SH produced no effect on astrocytic resting membrane potential, input resistance, and AMPA/kainate current. We conclude that SH decreased the neuron-astrocyte interaction at the NTS level, facilitating the glutamatergic transmission, which may contribute to the enhancement of cardiovascular and respiratory responses to baro- and chemoreflexes activation in SH rats. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using an electrophysiological approach, we have shown that in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) from control rats, astrocytes modulate the AMPA and NMDA currents in NTS neurons, changing their excitability. Sustained hypoxia (SH) increased both glutamatergic currents in NTS neurons due to 1) a reduction in the astrocytic modulation and 2) an increase in the density of AMPA receptors. These new findings show the importance of neuron-astrocyte modulation in the excitatory synaptic transmission in NTS of control and SH rats.

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34

Robertson, H. A., and R. A. Leslie. "Noradrenergic alpha2 binding sites in vagal dorsal motor nucleus and nucleus tractus solitarius: autoradiographic localization." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 63, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 1190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y85-195.

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The distribution in the canine medulla oblongata of binding sites for p-[3H]aminoclonidine, a ligand specific for alpha2-adrenergic receptors, was studied with light microscopic autoradiographic methods. Specific labelling was determined using unlabelled phentolamine as a displacer. The greatest density of sites was localized in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, the area postrema, and in several regions of the nucleus tractus solitarius. Less dense binding of the radioligand was also seen in the inferior olivary nucleus. Dorsomedial regions of the nucleus tractus solitarius were the most densely labelled in this nucleus, and dorsolateral and ventral regions were much less densely labelled. The region of the nucleus tractus solitarius shown in this study to be heavily labelled with alpha2-adrenergic binding sites has been implicated in the autonomic control of blood pressure. The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, together with the nucleus tractus solitarius, may thus represent the site of the antihypertensive action of the drug clonidine, an alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist.

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35

Bouchentouf, Rachid. "Solitary choroidal tuberculoma: a case report." Revista Médica de Trujillo 15, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rmt.2020.v15i03.10.

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Medina Castillo, Diana Elizabeth, Jorge Manuel Carbajal Méndez, Débora José Salero Martínez, and Ángel Martínez Muñoz. "Cilindroma solitario." Medicina Cutánea Ibero-Latino-Americana 47, no. 3 (2019): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35366/91761.

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37

van Esso Arbolave, D. "Mastocitoma solitario." FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria 11, no. 3 (January 2004): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1134-2072(04)76090-9.

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38

García Iglesias, F., A. M. Sánchez García, and G. M. García Lara. "Mastocitoma solitario." Pediatría Atención Primaria 16, no. 61 (March 2014): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/s1139-76322014000100006.

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39

Ramos Soria, Fernando, Josep Soler Bel, and Silvia Ratera García. "Plasmocitoma solitario." Medicina Clínica 120, no. 14 (April 2003): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13045870.

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40

Suárez, Sandra Ortiz. "Mastocitoma solitario." FMC - Formación Médica Continuada en Atención Primaria 26, no. 5 (May 2019): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fmc.2017.09.011.

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41

Orantes, Ana, Ricardo Salvado, and Marisol Gramajo. "Angioqueratoma solitario." Revista médica (Colegio de Médicos y Cirujanos de Guatemala) 160, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 200–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.36109/rmg.v160i2.316.

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El angioqueratoma es una lesión benigna de piel poco frecuente, que puede presentarse en niños y adultos. Posee varios diagnósticos clínicos diferenciales. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 86 años de edad con lesión nodular en miembro inferior, de tiempo de evolución desconocido.

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42

Gurney, John Henry. "Notes on Buteo (Onychotes) solitarius." Ibis 33, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1891.tb08595.x.

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43

Martinez, Diana, Richard C. Rogers, Gerlinda E. Hermann, Eileen M. Hasser, and David D. Kline. "Astrocytic glutamate transporters reduce the neuronal and physiological influence of metabotropic glutamate receptors in nucleus tractus solitarii." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 318, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): R545—R564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00319.2019.

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Astrocytic excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are critical to restraining synaptic and neuronal activity in the nucleus tractus solitarii (nTS). Relief of nTS EAAT restraint generates two opposing effects, an increase in neuronal excitability that reduces blood pressure and breathing and an attenuation in afferent [tractus solitarius (TS)]-driven excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) amplitude. Although the former is due, in part, to activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors, there remains a substantial contribution from another unidentified glutamate receptor. In addition, the mechanism(s) by which EAAT inhibition reduced TS-EPSC amplitude is unknown. Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) differentially modulate nTS excitability. Activation of group I mGluRs on nTS neuron somas leads to depolarization, whereas group II/III mGluRs on sensory afferents decrease TS-EPSC amplitude. Thus we hypothesize that EAATs control postsynaptic excitability and TS-EPSC amplitude via restraint of mGluR activation. To test this hypothesis, we used in vivo recording, brain slice electrophysiology, and imaging of glutamate release and TS-afferent Ca2+. Results show that EAAT blockade in the nTS with (3 S)-3-[[3-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]amino]phenyl]methoxy]-l-aspartic acid (TFB-TBOA) induced group I mGluR-mediated depressor, bradycardic, and apneic responses that were accompanied by neuronal depolarization, elevated discharge, and increased spontaneous synaptic activity. Conversely, upon TS stimulation TFB-TBOA elevated extracellular glutamate to decrease presynaptic Ca2+ and TS-EPSC amplitude via activation of group II/III mGluRs. Together, these data suggest an important role of EAATs in restraining mGluR activation and overall cardiorespiratory function.

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Boychuk, Carie R., Peter Gyarmati, Hong Xu, and Bret N. Smith. "Glucose sensing by GABAergic neurons in the mouse nucleus tractus solitarii." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 2 (August 2015): 999–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00310.2015.

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Changes in blood glucose concentration alter autonomic function in a manner consistent with altered neural activity in brain regions controlling digestive processes, including neurons in the brain stem nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), which process viscerosensory information. With whole cell or on-cell patch-clamp recordings, responses to elevating glucose concentration from 2.5 to 15 mM were assessed in identified GABAergic NTS neurons in slices from transgenic mice that express EGFP in a subset of GABA neurons. Single-cell real-time RT-PCR was also performed to detect glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) in recorded neurons. In most identified GABA neurons (73%), elevating glucose concentration from 2.5 to 15 mM resulted in either increased (40%) or decreased (33%) neuronal excitability, reflected by altered membrane potential and/or action potential firing. Effects on membrane potential were maintained when action potentials or fast synaptic inputs were blocked, suggesting direct glucose sensing by GABA neurons. Glucose-inhibited GABA neurons were found predominantly in the lateral NTS, whereas glucose-excited cells were mainly in the medial NTS, suggesting regional segregation of responses. Responses were prevented in the presence of glucosamine, a glucokinase (GCK) inhibitor. Depolarizing responses were prevented when KATP channel activity was blocked with tolbutamide. Whereas effects on synaptic input to identified GABAergic neurons were variable in GABA neurons, elevating glucose increased glutamate release subsequent to stimulation of tractus solitarius in unlabeled, unidentified neurons. These results indicate that GABAergic NTS neurons act as GCK-dependent glucose sensors in the vagal complex, providing a means of modulating central autonomic signals when glucose is elevated.

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Chitravanshi, V. C., and H. N. Sapru. "Chemoreceptor-sensitive neurons in commissural subnucleus of nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): R851—R858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.4.r851.

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Experiments were carried out in pentobarbital-anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated male Wistar rats with a pneumothorax. Blood pressure, heart rate, and phrenic nerve activity were recorded. Extracellular neuronal recordings were made by glass micropipettes in a midline area in the commissural subnucleus of the nucleus tractus solitarius. At the end of the experiment, the recording sites were marked. Chemoreceptors were stimulated by tracheal administration of N2 or injection of CO2-saturated saline (50 microliters) near the carotid body. The baroreceptors were stimulated by an intravenous injection of phenylephrine (1-3 micrograms). Neurons that were excited by chemoreceptor stimulation but not baroreceptor stimulation were found in the commissural subnucleus of nucleus tractus solitarius and were designated as chemoreceptor-sensitive neurons. They exhibited a continuous discharge (9.9 +/- 1.3 spikes/s) that showed no apparent relation to either phrenic nerve bursts or arterial pulses. Such neurons were not found in the rostral portions of the nucleus tractus solitarius. These results confirm and extend our previous reports in which a discrete chemoreceptor projection site was identified in the commissural subnucleus of the rat.

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Gordon, Shira D., Joseph C. Jackson, Stephen M. Rogers, and James F. C. Windmill. "Listening to the environment: hearing differences from an epigenetic effect in solitarious and gregarious locusts." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1795 (November 22, 2014): 20141693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1693.

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Locusts display a striking form of phenotypic plasticity, developing into either a lone-living solitarious phase or a swarming gregarious phase depending on population density. The two phases differ extensively in appearance, behaviour and physiology. We found that solitarious and gregarious locusts have clear differences in their hearing, both in their tympanal and neuronal responses. We identified significant differences in the shape of the tympana that may be responsible for the variations in hearing between locust phases. We measured the nanometre mechanical responses of the ear's tympanal membrane to sound, finding that solitarious animals exhibit greater displacement. Finally, neural experiments signified that solitarious locusts have a relatively stronger response to high frequencies. The enhanced response to high-frequency sounds in the nocturnally flying solitarious locusts suggests greater investment in detecting the ultrasonic echolocation calls of bats, to which they are more vulnerable than diurnally active gregarious locusts. This study highlights the importance of epigenetic effects set forth during development and begins to identify how animals are equipped to match their immediate environmental needs.

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47

Ould Ely, Sidi, Peter G. N. Njagi, Magzoub Omer Bashir, Salah El-Tom El-Amin, and Ahmed Hassanali. "Diel Behavioral Activity Patterns in Adult Solitarious Desert Locust,Schistocerca gregaria(Forskål)." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/459315.

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The responses of adult solitarious desert locust to odors from a host plant were evaluated in a two-choice wind tunnel. Solitarious desert locusts collected from the field (Red Sea Coast) were more attracted to volatiles from pottedHeliotropium ovalifoliumin scotophase than in photophase. The attraction towards the host plant odors rather than to clean air, in both photophase and scotophase, concurs with previous observations on oviposition preferences near these plants. Diel behavioral activity patterns of adult solitarious desert locustsSchistocerca gregaria(Forskål) that were collected from the field in Port Sudan were investigated by monitoring, scanning, resting, taking off, and walking/running in a wind tunnel. Solitarious locusts that had been propagated in the laboratory for 20 generations were also observed for comparison. In both groups of locusts, insects were significantly more active after sunset and this activity attained peak level at 1-2 hours after dusk. Of the two groups, solitarious locusts collected from the field were significantly more active. In the scotophase, the former traversed distances that were about seven times those covered by laboratory-reared locusts. Overall, the results show that the repertoire of behavioral activities of solitarious locusts is maintained in laboratory-reared insects, albeit at a lower level. The implications of these observations in the behavioral ecology of the desert locust are discussed.

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Acosta, Lilian, and Wigberto Benítez. "SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOUR OF THE PLEURA. A CASE REPORT." CIRUGIA PARAGUAYA 42, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/sopaci.2018.abril.44-45.

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Garrido Márquez, I., C. Dávila Arias, and E. Moya Sánchez. "Mesenteric solitary fibrous tumor: keys to diagnosis." Revista Andaluza de Patología Digestiva 43, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37352/2020432.4.

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Resumen El tumor fibroso solitario es una rara neoplasia de origen mesenquimal que normalmente aparece en la pleura, pero no de forma exclusiva. Es importante conocer que podemos encontrarlo en localizaciones extrapleurales, como es el caso del mesentérico. El diagnóstico preoperatorio es difícil debido a las manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas, por lo que en muchas ocasiones se realiza mediante el análisis histológico tras las extirpación quirúrgica. Existen hallazgos radiológicos que pueden orientar hacia su diagnóstico y posible malignización, por lo que son de gran importancia para realizar un correcto abordaje y manejo preoperatorio.

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50

Ferreguetti, Átilla Colombo, Juliane Pereira-Ribeiro, Walfrido Moraes Tomas, Helena Godoy Bergallo, and Carlos Frederico Duarte Rocha. "Density, habitat use, and activity patterns of a vulnerable population of the Solitary Tinamou (Tinamus solitarius) in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragment." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 3 (March 2018): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0153.

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Abstract:

We present the first estimates of density of the Solitary Tinamou (Tinamus solitarius (Vieillot, 1819)) in the Reserva Natural Vale (RNV), one of the two largest remnants of the Atlantic Rainforest in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We also modeled the spatial distribution and habitat use of the species using occupancy and detectability modeling. We used a line-transect survey to estimate density and abundance and camera traps to estimate habitat use and activity pattern. We conducted the survey within a 13 month period (April 2013 to May 2014). Estimated density was 9 ± 2 individuals/km2 and estimated population size for the entire RNV was 2115 ± 470 individuals. Occupancy was best described by distance to forest edge, distance between trees, poaching intensity, and understory cover. Detectability was affected by distance between trees and poaching intensity. We conclude that in the RNV, the Near Threatened T. solitarius is a diurnal species preferring intact closed-canopy forest but tending to avoid areas near to forest edges or areas under comparatively high intensity of poaching. These results reinforce the importance of RNV as a resource source for T. solitarius reproduction at Brazilian Atlantic forest remnants.

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