Academic literature on the topic 'Solid wastes biodegradation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Solid wastes biodegradation"
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Akunna, J. C., Y. A. Abdullahi, and N. A. Stewart. "Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid wastes containing variable proportions of waste types." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 8 (2007): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.725.
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In many parts of the world there are significant seasonal variations in the production of the main organic wastes, food and green wastes. These waste types display significant differences in their biodegradation rates. This study investigated the options for ensuring process stability during the start up and operation of thermophilic high-solids anaerobic digestion of feedstock composed of varying proportions of food and green wastes. The results show that high seed sludge to feedstock ratio (or low waste loading rate) is necessary for ensuring process pH stability without chemical addition. It was also found that the proportion of green wastes in the feedstock can be used to regulate process pH, particularly when operating at high waste loading rates (or low seed sludge to feedstock ratios). The need for chemical pH correction during start-up and digestion operation decreased with increase in green wastes content of the feedstock. Food wastes were found to be more readily biodegradable leading to higher solids reduction while green wastes brought about pH stability and higher digestate solid content. Combining both waste types in various proportions brought about feedstock with varying buffering capacity and digestion performance. Thus, careful selection of feedstock composition can minimise the need for chemical pH regulation as well as reducing the cost for digestate dewatering for final disposal.
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Bhandari, Netra Lal, Sulakshana Bhattarai, Ganesh Bhandari, Sumita Subedi, and Kedar Nath Dhakal. "A Review on Current Practices of Plastics Waste Management and Future Prospects." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 26, no. 1 (2021): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v26i1.37837.
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Inefficient solid waste management of plastics and polymeric materials is one of the global challenges leading to environmental deterioration. This challenge has brought alarming concern to minimize volume of such wastes released into the environment. The concern proposes a solution to the existing problems to some extent by reuse, recycling, and efficient conversion of waste materials into alternative application. Chemical and thermo-mechanical conversion of plastic wastes into energy and their biodegradation were taken into account. Consequently, some newly employed recycling and conversion techniques of plastic wastes, and possible future alternatives with recommendations are reviewed in this article
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Wang, J. Y., O. Stabnikova, S. T. L. Tay, V. Ivanov, and J. H. Tay. "Biotechnology of intensive aerobic conversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 10 (2004): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0631.
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Biotechnology for intensive aerobic bioconversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer was developed. The wastes were treated in a closed reactor under controlled aeration, stirring, pH, and temperature at 60¡C, after addition of starter bacterial culture Bacillus thermoamylovorans. The biodegradation of sewage sludge was studied by decrease of volatile solids (VS), content of organic carbon and autofluorescence of coenzyme F420. The degradation of anaerobic biomass was faster than biodegradation of total organic matter. The best fertilizer was obtained when sewage sludge was thermally pre-treated, mixed with food waste, chalk, and artificial bulking agent. The content of volatile solid and the content of organic carbon decreased at 24.8% and 13.5% of total solids, respectively, during ten days of bioconversion. The fertilizer was a powder with moisture content of 5%. It was stable, and not toxic for the germination of plant seeds. Addition of 1.0 to 1.5% of this fertilizer to the subsoil increased the growth of different plants tested by 113 to 164%. The biotechnology can be applied in larger scale for the recycling of sewage sludge and food wastes in Singapore.
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Bourzama, Ghania, Nadjet Iratni, Nadjet Ennaghra, et al. "In Vitro Removal of Electronic and Electrical Wastes by Fungi Isolated from Soil at Annaba Area in Northeast of Algeria." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 19, no. 4 (2021): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/19/2020294.
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Electronic and electrical wastes (EEW) have increased exponentially in recent years due to technological progress. The uncontrolled incineration of these wastes causes pollution of air, soil, and water that has dangerous effects on health of human beings and other living organisms. This work isolated fungi that are capable of degrading some of these electronic wastes. In this study, fungi isolated from soil polluted by EEW were grown on potatoes dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The estimation of the biodegradation was achieved by inoculation of both rechargeable batteries and printed circuit boards on a minimum solid and liquid medium with selected fungal strains. During the process of biodegradation on solid medium, microscopic observation was done, and on liquid medium the production of keratinolytic enzymes was evaluated using a colorimetric method after incubation with keratine powder. After 30 days, the obtained results showed that Geotrichum candidum is capable of degrading battery and circuit boards with rates of 23% and 71%, respectively, while Rhizopus stolonifer reduced battery weight by 7% and printed circuit boards by 60%. Microscopic observations showed no morphological modification in Geotrichum candidum, while there was sporocyst formation in Rhizopus stolonifer. The detection of enzymatic production indicated that there is a relation between the biodegradation process of electronic wastes and keratinolytic enzymes in Geotrichum candidum.
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MASLENNIKOV, Sergey S., Olga V. SELITSKAYA, and Dmitry V. SNEGIREV. "SCREENING ASSESSMENT OF LIGNINOLYTIC AND CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF BASIDIUM FUNGI STRAINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRAINS WITH HIGH POTENTIAL FOR WASTE FERMENTATION CATALYST “BIOVEL-FERMER”." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 31 (2019): 738–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n31.2019.749_periodico31_pgs_738_754.pdf.
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Waste from agricultural animals (LHCSH, liquid and solid wastes from agricultural animals) causes severe environmental pollution; which is why many countries have national and regional programs to reduce the negative pressure of these wastes on the environmental state of the environment. The actual task of microbiology is the search for alternative methods of waste disposal, among which the most promising is composting. Unlike other ways of utilizing the LFA (liquid and solid wastes) of the SZHZH (agricultural animals) this method allows obtaining valuable biofertilizers and soil soils that are cheaper than traditional fertilizers. It has now been established that, for composting under production conditions, when only a limited number of microorganisms are possible, the conversion of the initial substrate is most effective when various heterotrophic organisms, in particular fungi with high cellulolytic and lignolytic potential, are used as bioactivators. Since the lignolytic and cellulose potentials are the main characteristics of basidiomycetes determining their biodegradation ability, the selection of effective "white rot" fungus strains will be carried out based on preliminary screening of their ligno- and cellulolytic activity.
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Chinenyenwa, Anijiofor Sandra, Nik Daud Nik Norsyhariati, Idrus Syazwani, and Che Man Hasfalina. "Analyzing the Reuse Potentials of Landfilled Solid Wastes for Farm Water Treatment and Reuse." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 3 (2021): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.417.
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The increasing solid waste management problems in developing countries necessitated landfill mining to determine the reuse potentials of landfilled solid waste materials. In this study, characterization of landfilled solid waste obtained from a closed landfill site in Malaysia was conducted to ascertain its reuse potentials for biodegradation in wastewater treatment. The results revealed adequate neutral pH, Moisture Content of 34 %, Organic Content of 10.4 % and Bacterial Population in terms of Total Coliform of 8.3 × 105 CFU/100 mL, which are ideal conditions for biodegradation while porosity n of 51%, allow free flow of water during treatment. The SEM showed irregular shapes and pore spaces and a BET surface area of 3.376 m 2 g-1 which enables adsorption of pollutants on its surface, air diffusion and re-aeration. Furthermore, the waste material was used as media for biodegradation in a lab-scale bioreactor at a hydraulic loading of 4 L m-3 d-1 and inflow rate of 0.1 L min-1. The results showed maximum removal rates of 95, 97, 86, 70, 70, and 98% for COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, NH3-N, and TP respectively. Utilization of this technology as bioreactor landfills will solve landfill congestion and also provide cheap wastewater treatment option.
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Yunus, Anika, David J. Smallman, Anne Stringfellow, Richard Beaven, and William Powrie. "Characterisation of the recalcitrant organic compounds in leachates formed during the anaerobic biodegradation of waste." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 2 (2011): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.636.
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This study investigates the use of UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy to assess the early development of recalcitrant organic compounds in leachates formed during the anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste. Biochemical methane potential tests were carried out on fresh waste (FW) and composted waste (CW) over a period of 150 days and leachates produced from the degradation of two wastes were analysed for humic-like (H-L) and fulvic-like (F-L) structures by UV spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation–emission-matrix analyses. During anaerobic biodegradation, the synthesis and utilization of H-L and F-L structures in the leachates over time was indicative of the generation of the recalcitrant organic compounds. The results obtained from UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy suggested that CW leachates resulted in a higher concentration and more condensed form of recalcitrant H-L and F-L molecules than FW leachates. These findings demonstrate how fluorescence and UV absorption spectroscopy can be used as an indicator for monitoring the evolution of recalcitrant organic compounds (H-L and F-L substances) in leachates formed at different stages of waste biodegradation.
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Damodharan, V., and J. Padmapriya. "Kinetics of MSW Biodegradation with Different Inocula In Laboratory In-Vessel Reactor." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 1 (2022): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.65.
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The in-vessel composting is considered as an environmentally sound method for the treatment and disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) as it produces good quality compost with lesser environmental impacts. In this study, the process was accelerated and the composting time was reduced using various industrial organic wastes as inoculums in a vertical in-vessel reactor with stirrer arrangement. This study examined the process kinetics which aims to show the interdependency between biological, chemical & physical factors. It is also the extension of the previous work which dealt with composting of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. The rate of degradation of volatile solids, TOC and C/N ratio are presented in First-order kinetic model and reaction rate constants are determined. The different inoculums used are yeast sludge, spent wash, distillery effluent and sugar sludge. Yeast sludge has the highest R2 values such as 0.979, 0.978 and 0.986 for VS, TOC and C/N ratio respectively. The R2 value of C/N ratio for the sugar sludge is 0.983. From the kinetic study, it can be concluded that the yeast sludge can be a better option when compared with other sludge to accelerate the process of composting.
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Omoikhoje, S. O., R. A. Animashaun, and M. I. Edokpayi. "Enhancement of the nutritive values of some agro-industrial waste products by solid state fermentation." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 41, no. 2 (2021): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v41i2.782.
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This study was conducted to determine the effect of biodegradation on the nutrient contents of rice bran (RB), cassava residual pulp (CRP), saw dust (SD) and palm oil fibre (POF) by Penicilium sp. RB, CRP, SD and POF were subjected to solid state fermentation by Penicilium sp. for 7 days and the process was terminated by oven drying at 700C for 24hours. The fermented samples were thoroughly mixed, dried and stored in sterile bottles for analyses. Results of proximate composition before and after biodegradation revealed that percentage improvement in crude protein, ether extract, ash, and gross energy were significantly (P<0.05) higher in CRP compared to RB, SD and POF. Similarly, percentage reduction in crude fibre after biodegradation was highest (P><0.05) in CRP compared to other agro industrial wastes products. It was evident that solid state fermentation using Penicillium sp enhanced the crude protein value and reduced the crude fibre contents of rice bran, cassava residual pulp, saw dust and palm oil fibre thereby increasing nutrient availability and their utilization as feed alternative ingredients for farm animal nutrition. ><0.05) higher in CRP compared to RB, SD and POF. Similarly, percentage reduction in crude fibre after biodegradation was highest (P<0.05) in CRP compared to other agro industrial wastes products. It was evident that solid state fermentation using Penicillium sp enhanced the crude protein value and reduced the crude fibre contents of rice bran, cassava residual pulp, saw dust and palm oil fibre thereby increasing nutrient availability and their utilization as feed alternative ingredients for farm animal nutrition.><0.05) n CRP compared to other agro industrial wastes products. It was evident that solid state fermentation using Penicillium sp enhanced the crude protein value and reduced the crude fibre contents of rice bran, cassava residual pulp, saw dust and palm oil fibre thereby increasing nutrient availability and their utilization as feed alternative ingredients for farm animal nutrition.
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Erana, Feyisa Girma, Mekuria Gebru Denbel, Tesfaye Alemu Tenkegna, and Mekibib Dawit. "Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Wastes into Organic Fertilizer Using Trichoderma Harzianum." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 45, no. 2 (2019): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2019.257.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Solid wastes biodegradation"
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Yagoub, Sally. "Biodegradation of leather solid waste." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2006. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2675/.
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Waste management in the leather industry worldwide is an issue of major importance for both solid and liquid wastes. It has been recognised that there are major environmental impacts from the poorly managed disposal of such wastes and these have a clear health impact upon human society. Within Europe, under EU driven legislation, the costs of wastes management are increasing rapidly and there is a clear need to research improved methods to cost effectively deal with leather industry wastes. Biodegradation (anaerobic), as a management option, of solid wastes from the leather industry is an area that is attracting increased interest in recent years as being a technique that has wide public acceptability as well as process efficiency. However, tanning agents that prolong the lifetime of leather goods have a negative impact on biodegradation and this needs to be addressed before efficient treatment can occur. To drive the agenda this research has the aims of • Highlighting the effects of tanning agent on anaerobic digestion. • Understanding the mechanism(s) by which different leather tannages can biodegraded. • Developing a process to reverse the action of tannage. Leather solid wastes were anaerobically digested using Serum Bottle Assays (SBA). The effect of a range of vegetable, mineral and aldehyde tanning agents of leather on the rate of anaerobic digestion was assessed. Common tanning agents used included; myrica, valonea, glutaraldehyde and chrome. To further identify key factors for cost effective anaerobic digestion, tanned hide powders and tanned leathers were also pre-treated using autoclaving, liming, enzymes etc, in an attempt to determine whether tannage may be reversed. Major techniques used in the research include: anaerobic digestion, Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP), Total Solids contents (TS), Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Hydrolysable tannins are less resistant to anaerobic digestion than condensed tannins. However, enzymatic pre-treatment reduces the resistance and this offers a new effective pre-treatment route. Thermal pre-treatment also decreased resistance to anaerobic digression especially for chrome, glutaraldehyde, myrica and tannic acid tanned leathers. Chemical pre-treatment also generally lowered the resistance to anaerobic digestion. Selective pre-treatment offers a means of improving the cost effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of leather and therefore enabling a new waste management method to be adopted by the industry. A relationship emerges, in some cases, between chemical structure of tanning agent and inhibition of anaerobic digestion. This offers the possibility of producing new, designed organic tanning agents with, suitable properties, to be adopted by the industiy, The research agenda within the leather industry is still ongoing and recommendations for future research are addressed
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ARAÚJO, Elaine Patrícia. "Monitoramento de células experimentais de resíduos sólidos urbanos quanto a aspectos físico-químicos e microbiológicos." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1050.
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Previous issue date: 2015-01-30<br>CNPq<br>O estudo com células experimentais de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) permite avaliar a degradação dos diferentes tipos de resíduos sólidos por meio da ação dos microrganismos bactérias e fungos totais em um curto período de tempo, ao contrário do que ocorre em aterros sanitários tradicionais. Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi realizar o monitoramento de células experimentais de RSU quanto a aspectos físico-químicos e microbiológicos, preenchidas com resíduos da cidade de Campina Grande-PB, com o intuito de avaliar a eficiência dos processos degradativos. Para isso, realizou-se a construção, preenchimento e monitoramento de 2 (duas) células experimentais localizadas na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG). Essas células foram preenchidas com RSU da Cidade de Campina Grande, coletados em locais e quantidades previamente selecionadas. As células foram instrumentadas com medidores de temperatura e recalque ao longo da profundidade, piezômetro e dreno de gás, além de 12 pontos de coleta de resíduos. Os períodos de monitoramento foram de: outubro de 2009 a outubro de 2011 na célula experimental I e de setembro de 2011 a setembro de 2013 na célula experimental II, onde amostras de resíduos sólidos foram retiradas de cada camada (superior, intermediária e inferior) para realização das análises físicoquímicas e microbiológicas. Foram realizadas análises de granulometria do solo para compor as camadas de base e cobertura, composição gravimétrica, volumétrica, pH, sólidos voláteis, teor de umidade, cloretos, alcalinidade, ácidos voláteis, precipitação e evaporação, contagem de bactérias aeróbias e fungos totais de acordo com normas e metodologias adaptadas com o propósito de observar o processo de degradação nas diferentes células experimentais. De acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se que as composições gravimétricas e volumétricas realizadas, nos diferentes períodos de tempo, foram típicas de cidades em desenvolvimento, com elevados teores de matéria orgânica e que o desenvolvimento dos parâmetros pH, alcalinidade, teor de umidade, concentrações de ácidos voláteis, sólidos voláteis e cloretos favoreceu o crescimento dos microrganismos bactérias aeróbias e fungos totais, em ambas as células estudas propiciando comportamento semelhante dos microrganismos, ao longo do tempo de monitoramento. Observou-se que os teores de pH nas duas células experimentais monitoradas foram favoráveis no crescimento desse grupo de bactérias e que os resíduos sólidos urbanos encontram-se em estágio avançado de degradação. A redução dos sólidos voláteis em todos os níveis de profundidade das células experimentais indicou a degradação da matéria orgânica. Pode-se concluir que as fases de degradação nas células experimentais I e II ocorreram de maneira mais rápida quando comparadas a aterros sanitários em decorrência da área/superfície ser maior que o volume dos resíduos, o que facilitou a interação do meio ambiente com atividade enzimática dos diferentes grupos de bactérias e fungos totais presentes nas diferentes camadas das células experimentais.<br>The study with experimental cells of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) allows evaluating the degradation of the different types of solid waste through the action of the microorganisms bacteria and total fungi in a short period of time, unlike what occurs in traditional landfills. Thus the objective of this research was to carry out the monitoring of experimental cells of MSW as the physical chemical and microbiological aspects, filled with waste from the city of Campina Grande-PB, in order to evaluate the efficiency of degradative processes. For this, realized the construction, the fill and monitoring of two (2) experimental cells located at the Federal University of Campina Grande. These cells were filled with RSU of the City of Campina Grande, collected in places and amo unts previously selected. Cells were instrumented with temperature gauges and repression along the deep, piezometer and gas drain, beyond 12 points of waste collection. The monitoring periods were: October 2009 to October 2011 in the experimental cell I and from September 2011 to September 2013 in the experimental cell II, where solid waste samples were taken from each layer (upper, middle and lower) for realization of the physicochemical analysis and
microbiological. Were realized soil granulometry analyzes to compose the layers of the base and cover, gravimetric composition, volumetric, pH, volatile solids, moisture content, chlorides, alkalinity, volatile acids, precipitation and evaporation, the count of aerobic bacteria and total fungi of agreement with standards and adapted methodologies in order to observe the degradation process in the different experimental cells. According to the results obtained it was found that the gravimetric and volumetric compositions realized, in the differents time periods, were typical of cities in developing, with high contents of organic matter and that the development of the parameters pH, alkalinity, moisture content, concentrations of volatile acids, volatile solids and chlorides favored the growth of the microorganisms aerobic bacteria and total fungi, in both studied cells providing similar behavior of microorganisms, during the monitoring time. It was observed that the pH levels in the two experimental cells monitored were favorable in the growth of this group of bacteria and that municipal solid waste are at an advanced stage of degradation. The reduction of volatile solids in all depth levels of the experimental cells indicated the degradation of organic matter. It can be concluded that the degradation stages in the experimental cells I and II occurred more rapidly when compared to landfills due to the area/surface be greater than the volume of waste, facilitating the interaction of the environment with enzymatic activity of different groups of bacteria and total fungi present in the different layers of the experimental cells.
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Kelly, Ryan J. "Solid Waste Biodegradation Enhancements and the Evaluation of Analytical Methods Used to Predict Waste Stability." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32484.
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Conventional landfills are built to dispose of the increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated each year. A relatively new type of landfill, called a bioreactor landfill, is designed to optimize the biodegradation of the contained waste to stabilized products. Landfills with stabilized waste pose little threat to the environment from ozone depleting gases and groundwater contamination. Limited research has been done to determine the importance of biodegradation enhancement techniques and the analytical methods that are used to characterize waste stability. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of several biodegradation enhancements and to evaluate the analytical methods which predict landfill stability.
In the first part of this study leachate recirculation, and moisture and temperature management were found to significantly affect the biodegradation of MSW. Leachate recirculation, increased moisture, and higher temperatures increased the first order degradation rates of cellulose and volatile solids. Of the three enhancements, temperature was shown to have the biggest impact on the biodegradation of waste, but sufficient moisture is critical for degradation. Plastic material was also shown to significantly impact the measurements for volatile solids and lignin, which is important if these measurements are used to establish waste stability.
In the second part of the study the analytical methods used to characterize waste were evaluated to determine if relationships existed between the methods and which methods were the best predictors of waste stability. Volatile solids and cellulose were found to be the best parameters to monitor waste in landfills. These parameters correlate well with each other, age of the waste, and other parameters. Volatile solids and cellulose are also relatively easy to determine, quick, and show little variation.<br>Master of Science
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Kim, Jongmin. "Effect of plastics on the lignin results for MSW and the fate of lignin in laboratory solid waste reactors." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35579.
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<p> Cellulose to lignin ratio is one of the widely used indicators of degree of landfill stabilization. This ratio shows the amount of carbohydrate or cellulose consumed by anaerobes compared to relatively inert lignin. However, the method of lignin measurement contains an intrinsic error. Plastics are contained in the landfill samples and these are characterized as lignaceous materials due to their acid-insolubility. Lignin is typically measured as the organic residue that is acid insoluble but is combustible upon ignition. Additionally lignin may degrade under anaerobic, high temperature conditions associated with wet conditions in sediments and bioreactor landfills.
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In this study, it has been found that the typical measure of lignin, a gravimetric measure, also includes plastics, leading to erroneous measures of both lignin and the cellulose/lignin (C/L) ratio. Typically, 100% of the plastic will be measured as lignin. Since plastic amounts to approximately 10% of landfill contents, lignin measurements will be 10% greater than actual amounts. Laboratory reactors were set up with known amounts of paper and plastic. The degradation of the cellulose and lignin in paper was measured and compared to plastics, which was collected by hand and weighed. Ratios of cellulose to plastics and lignin to plastics were obtained. It was found, based on the cellulose to plastic ratio and lignin to plastic ration that lignin degrades under anaerobic conditions although at a much slower rate than cellulose. These findings indicate that the cellulose to lignin ratio cannot be used as the sole indicator of stabilization in the landfills. The inclusion of the biochemical methane potential test data along with C/L is thought to provide a better indication of landfill stabilization. </p><br>Master of Science
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Валерійович, Кравченко Олександр. "Біотехнологічні засади підвищення енергоресурсоефективності та екологічної безпеки процесів на об’єктах комунальної інфраструктури". Thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/26294.
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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня доктора технічних наук за спеціальністю 03.00.20 – біотехнологія. – Національний технічний університет України «Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського» Міністерства освіти і науки України, Київ, 2019. Представлені науково обґрунтовані рішення з біотехнологічної інтенсифікації процесів, що використовуються у комунальній інфраструктурі населених пунктів. Розроблено біотехнологію видалення сполук заліза та мангану з підземних вод на швидких фільтрах з цеолітовим завантаженням при внесенні культур мікроорганізмів родів Leptothrix і Sphaerotillus. Реалізація біотехнології дозволяє досягти ефективності очищення води за залізом та манганом: з природними культурами - 94-99 % та 71-87 %; з селектованими - 98-99 % та 94-97 % відповідно. Розроблено технологію інтенсифікації процесу деамонізації у біофільтрах шляхом внесення у фільтруюче завантаження попередньо розрахованої кількості культур нітри- та денітрифікаторів, що дозволяє скоротити підготовчий режим роботи фільтра з 18 до 2 діб. Розроблено технологію одержання близьких за своїм складом до природних мікроценозів препаратів, використання яких збільшує ефективність біодеструкції на 26,4±0,2 у порівнянні з традиційними.<br>Dissertation for obtaining the scientific degree of the doctor of technical sciences in the specialty 03.00.20 - biotechnology. - National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2019.
The dissertation is devoted to scientific substantiation of new energy and resource efficient and ecological biotechnologies for intensification of processes of preparation of drinking water and utilization of solid household waste in municipal infrastructure objects, containing removing iron, manganese and nitrogen compounds from water as well as intensification for biodestruction of organic compounds in solid wastes.
In the study of the work of rapid filters on the water intake of the village of Khoroshiv, results were obtained that showed the iron / oxygen ratio to be at level of 0.12 - 0.25, which is according to existing ideas not enough to provide deep treatment, that was obtained practically. This lead us to idea of biotechnological process to take place. To confirm the above assumption, experiments were carried out on filtration of water with an iron concentration of 13,3 ± 0,8 mg / dm3 at a different filtration rate and in the presence of bacteria in the filter material. The results of additional experiments showed that usage of oxygen (which allowed biological growth) lead to deeper treatment than in case of hypochlorite usage. That is, the results obtained not only confirmed the role of microorganisms in the process of non-irritation / demaganization, but also showed the possibility of practical application of biotechnology methods to improve the efficiency of water purification from iron and manganese.
For the thorough examination of the biological agent from the filtering material of the various filters, 10 cultures of iron and manganese oxidizing microorganisms were isolated. The evaluation of the morphology of the cultures obtained, according to the scheme, allowed them to be classified as Siderocapsa, Leptothrix, Sphaerotillus, Galionella, Metallogenium, Hyphomicrobium. The data of following experiments showed a predominant role in the processes of water disinfection of microorganisms of Leptothrix, Sphaerotillus, Metallogenium and Siderocapsa. Increasing the activity of a biological agent can be achieved by creating selective cultures of Leptotrix and Sphaerotilus, that can contribute to a deeper removal of manganese from water (up to 98% for Mn).
To implement the proposed schemes a number of technological tasks were solved, including: to develop effective methods of transfer of inoculum to the loading of filters, to select the most suitable filtering loading for the specified purposes, to determine the optimum parameters and regimes of filtering and washing of the filtering layer. Based on the results of the research carried out for the implementation of biotechnology for disinfection and demagnetization on rapid filters, two technological schemes were developed using natural or selected microorganisms cultures.
The study of the possibility of intensifying the deamonization of underground water technology was carried out by conducting a complex of pilot studies on the water of the artesian well in the city of Khmelnytsky. The experimental plant included filter with an aerator, loaded with a special filter material, on which the microorganisms are effectively fixed and retained. The results of the experiments allowed to reveal important dependencies. Since the concentration of dissolved oxygen at the filter inlet has an opposite effect on the flow of processes, it was appropriate to investigate their regularities at different values of this indicator. The results of experiments showed that when the oxygen supply was reduced from 8 to 5.5 mg / dm3, the concentration of ammonium in the filtered water was in the range of 0.11-0.12 mg / dm3, nitrites - 0.27-0.28 mg / dm3, and nitrates gradually decreased from 11.0 to 2.4 mg / dm3, that is, at high concentrations of oxygen due to nitrification, a significant amount of nitrates was produced, and as the oxygen content decreased due to denitrification, the decomposition of nitrates and their concentration declined.
The mathematical model was prepared to describe this process and the resulting program was realized in Swift 4.0. The results of the comparison of the experimental data obtained with the forecast by model showed that the prediction error of the model does not exceed 6.0%, that is, it is much smaller than the allowable value for engineering calculations. Based on the results of the research and the developed model, a technology for intensifying the biofiltration process for ammonia removal was developed to decrease time of filters preparation. The use of technology has allowed to shorten the start time of the filter for use from 18 to 2 days.
The interconnection between the morphological composition of the solid waste and the biocenoses formed therein was investigated by sorting several samples that arrive at the polygons mm. Kiev and Khmelnitsky. The correlation with coefficient R=0,65-0,68 was stablished and mathematical model to describe the process was obtained. An assessment of the adequacy of the developed model was carried out by comparing the predicted data obtained from the model with the experimental data for the map of the polygon in Chernivtsi with an approximate time of stay of the SHW for 5 years. Comparison of the predicted composition of the biocenosis with the actual allocated showed that the difference between the predicted and actual data on the number of bacteria in the biocenose was 12.5%, and according to the morphological composition - did not exceed 15%, which confirmed the adequacy of the developed model.
An assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed technology was carried out by laboratory on samples of MSW in Kyiv using a traditional Bacillus-based preparate and mixed one, the composition of which was determined by simulation. According to the data obtained, the use of a mixture accelerated the biodestruction and rate of subsidence of the sample (by 26,4 ± 0,2%).<br>Диссертация на соискание ученой степени доктора технических наук по специальности 03.00.20 - биотехнология. - Национальный технический университет Украины «Киевский политехнический институт имени Игоря Сикорского» Министерства образования и науки Украины, Киев, 2019.
В диссертации представлены результаты научно обоснованных технологических решений биотехнологической интенсификации процессов, которые широко используются в коммунальной инфраструктуре населенных пунктов. Разработана биотехнология удаления соединений железа и марганца путем внесения микроорганизмов родов Leptothrix и Sphaerotillus. Реализация биотехнологии позволяет достичь эффективности очистки воды от желез и марганца: с природными культурами - 94-99% и 71-87%; с селектированными - 98-99% и 94-97% соответственно. Разработана технология интенсификации деамонизации в биофильтрах путем внесения в фильтрующую загрузку предварительно рассчитанного количества культур нитри- и денитрификатор, что позволяет сократить время пуска фильтра с 18 до 2 суток. Предложена технология получения близких по составу к естественным микроценозам препаратов, повышающих эффективность биодеструкции ТБО на 26,4 ± 0,2 по сравнению с традиционными.
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Mooder, Robert Brent. "Numerical simulation of moisture movement, anaerobic biodegradation, and dissolved organic carbon transport in municipal solid waste." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0007/MQ34394.pdf.
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Bricker, Garrett Demyan. "Analytical Methods of Testing Solid Waste and Leachate to Determine Landfill Stability and Landfill Biodegradation Enhancement." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35162.
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This was a study undertaken to investigate municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill stability parameters and landfill leachate properties to determine how solid waste and leachate characteristics can be used to describe stability. The primary objective was to determine if leachate properties could be used to determine stability of the overlying refuse. All landfills studied were engineered landfill bioreactors giving insight to how leachate recirculation affects stability.
This study investigated the correlation between cellulose, lignin, volatile solids, and biochemical methane production (BMP). These parameters can been used to characterize landfill stability. The BMP tests indicate that a saturated waste can produce methane. Cellulose is an indicator of landfill stability. Wastes high in cellulose content were found to have high BMP. Paper samples studied indicated gas production from high-cellulose paper was higher compared to low-cellulose samples. Lignin has been found to correlate fairly well with BMP. Increasing cellulose to lignin ratios correlate well with increasing BMP levels, further supporting the use of the BMP test to indicate solid waste stability.
In the BMP test for leachate, a mixture of the standard growth medium (less 80% distilled water) and 80% v/v leachate incubated for 15 days produced the most consistent BMP results. Leachate cellulose and BMP correlated well. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) also had some correlation to BMP tests. Leachate COD was found to decrease over time in landfill bioreactors. The use of leachate rather than MSW to determine stability would be more efficient.<br>Master of Science
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Gawande, Nitin. "MODELING MICROBIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE BIOREACTOR: DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATIONS OF A THREE-PHA." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3803.
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The numerical computer models that simulate municipal solid waste (MSW) bioreactor landfills have mainly two components--a biodegradation process module and a multi-phase flow module. The biodegradation model describes the chemical and microbiological processes of solid waste biodegradation. The models available to date include predefined solid waste biodegradation reactions and participating species. In a bioreactor landfill several processes, such as anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation, nitrogen and sulfate cycling, precipitation and dissolution of metals, and adsorption and gasification of various anthropogenic organic compounds, occur simultaneously. These processes may involve reactions of several species and the available biochemical models for solid waste biodegradation do not provide users with the flexibility to selectively simulate these processes. This research work includes the development of a generalized biochemical process model, BIOKEMOD-3P, which can accommodate a large number of species and process reactions. This model is able to simulate bioreactor landfill processes in a completely mixed condition; when coupled with a multi-phase model it will be able to simulate a full-scale bioreactor landfill. This generalized biochemical model can simulate laboratory and pilot-scale operations which are important to determine biochemical parameters important for simulation of full-scale operations. To illustrate application of BIOKEMOD-3P, two sets of laboratory MSW bioreactors were simulated in this research work. The first demonstrated simulation of data from anaerobic biodegradation of MSW in experimental bioreactors. In another application, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes in MSW bioreactors were simulated. The results from these simulations generated information about various modeling parameters that would help implement these processes in a full-scale bioreactor landfill operation.<br>Ph.D.<br>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Environmental Engineering PhD
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Boda, Borbala. "Evaluation of Stability Parameters for Landfills." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34399.
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There are more than three thousand landfills in the United States, in which approximately 55% (1998, U. S. EPA 1999) of the MSW generated in the US is buried. The majority of the landfills are conventional, but in the last two decades new types of landfills, called leachate recycle and bioreactor landfills, have been designed and tested as an enhanced environment for biochemical degradation of municipal solid waste. All the landfills are regulated under Subtitle D of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The shortage of time and money has limited the amount of research done on waste stability analysis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of lignocelluloses in biodegradation and the secondary settlement based on dry density and typical landfill evaluating parameters.
Both parts of the study samples were collected and analyzed from eleven landfills. In the first part of the study, bioreactor landfills were found more effective, faster in the degradation of VS and cellulose as compared to conventional landfills. The time required for stabilization is reduced to about 1/3 that of conventional landfills. The lignocelluloses degradation that occurs in these landfills is happening in two phases. In the initial, rapid degradation phase, the primary degradation substrate is cellulose. In the second phase, after cellulose degraded to 15-20% of the waste, degradation of the remaining cellulose along with lignin and the hemicelluloses takes place. The start of lignin and hemicellulose degradation results in an increase in the biochemical methane potential (BMP).
In the second part of the study, the addition of moisture to the landfills presented a contentious issue. Moisture is encouraged for MSW refuse degradation, but for settlement it reduces compressibility. In leachate recycle landfills, the dry density is higher than in conventional landfills; therefore there is more available room for further MSW load. The increase can reach up to 40 percent in total volume.<br>Master of Science
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MACOMBER, JEFF RAYMOND. "EFFECTS OF SOLIDS RETENTION TIME ON THE TREATMENT OF SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER USING A MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin981401531.
Full textBooks on the topic "Solid wastes biodegradation"
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Solid waste management: Policy and planning for a sustainable society. Apple Academic Press, 2015.
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Vismara, Renato, Francesca Malpei, and Massimo Centemero. Biogas da rifiuti solidi urbani: Tecnologia, applicazioni, utilizzo. Dario Flaccovio editore, 2008.
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Wealth from waste: Trends and technologies. The Energy and Resources Institute, 2011.
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C, Palmisano Anna, and Barlaz Morton A, eds. Microbiology of solid waste. CRC Press, 1996.
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Investigation of Biodegradation Processes in Solid Waste Landfills. Storming Media, 1997.
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Diaz, Luis F., Clarence G. Golueke, George M. Savage, and Linda L. Eggerth. Composting and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Diaz, Luis F., Clarence G. Golueke, George M. Savage, and Linda L. Eggerth. Composting and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
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Diaz, Luis F., Clarence G. Golueke, George M. Savage, and Linda L. Eggerth. Composting and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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F, Diaz Luis, ed. Composting and recycling municipal solid waste. Lewis Publishers, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Solid wastes biodegradation"
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Miller, Frederick C. "Biodegradation of Solid Wastes by Composting." In Biological Degradation of Wastes. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3664-8_1.
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Biddlestone, Anthony J., and Kenneth R. Gray. "A Review of Aerobic Biodegradation of Solid Wastes." In Biodeterioration 7. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1363-9_108.
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Shoaf, Trevor J., and Abigail S. Engelberth. "Recycling of Multiple Organic Solid Wastes into Chemicals via Biodegradation." In Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Sustainable Recycling of Organic Solid Waste. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6162-4_7.
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Ranjan, Ved Prakash, and Sudha Goel. "Biodegradation of Floral Waste Under Aerobic Conditions with Different Microbial Inocula and Aeration Methods." In Treatment and Disposal of Solid and Hazardous Wastes. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29643-8_1.
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Merz, Erich R. "Biodegradation, a Non-Problem if Radioactive Raw Wastes are Properly Conditioned into a Final Solid Disposal Form?" In Microbial Degradation Processes in Radioactive Waste Repository and in Nuclear Fuel Storage Areas. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5792-6_28.
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Barlaz, Morton A., Bryan F. Staley, and Francis L. de los Reyes. "Anaerobic Biodegradation of Solid Waste." In Environmental Microbiology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.ch12.
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Kumar, Rahul, and Subir Kundu. "Microbial Bioremediation and Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons, Heavy Metals, and Radioactive Wastes in Solids and Wastewaters." In Microbial Bioremediation & Biodegradation. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1812-6_4.
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Reddy, Chejarla Venkatesh, Shekhar D. Rao, and Ajay S. Kalamdhad. "Impact of Precipitation on Biodegradation of Fresh Municipal Solid Waste in Anaerobic Simulated Reactor." In Integrated Approaches Towards Solid Waste Management. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70463-6_29.
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Liu, Jun-Long, Han Ke, Tony L. T. Zhan, and Yun-Min Chen. "Simulation Tests of Biodegradation and Compression of Municipal Solid Waste." In Advances in Environmental Geotechnics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04460-1_48.
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Felix, Mihigo, Manikandan Arjunan, Kavya Siddeshwar, Rajakumar Sundaram, and Prashanthi Devi Marimuthu. "Biodegradation of Lead from Accumulated Municipal Solid Waste Using Bacterial Consortium for Effective Biomining." In Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64122-1_8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Solid wastes biodegradation"
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Kechaou, Nabil, and E. Ammar. "Biodrying process: a sustainable technology for treatment of municipal solid wastes organic fraction." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7842.
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The Municipal Solid Waste of Agareb (Sfax –Tunisia), characterized by high organic fraction and moisture contents is the most worrying pollution source that must be managed by innovative treatment and recycling technologies. Bio-drying, as a waste to energy conversion technology, aims at reducing moisture content of this organic matter. This concept, similar to composting, is accomplished by using the heat generated from the microbial degradation of the waste matrix, while forced aeration is used. The purpose of this work was to reduce the moisture content of the waste, by maximizing drying and minimizing organic matter biodegradation, in order to produce a solid recovered fuel with high calorific value.Keywords: Municipal solid wastes; organic matter; biodrying; composting; energy recovery.
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Constantinescu, Rodica Roxana, Gabriel Zainescu, Mariana Ferdes, and Iulia Caniola. "Pelt waste degradation using active microbial consortia." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.5.
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In tanneries, environmental problems have special implications in terms of optimizing the consumption of used chemicals, applied technologies, the degree of recovery of useful substances from leather waste. Biodegradation is the process by which organic substances are broken down by microorganisms. From an ecological point of view, biodegradability assessments of new materials and compounds in the industry are essential to understand and quantify their impact on the environment. The sustainable development of the leather industry has focused on major environmental issues, such as clean production methods and waste management. Tanneries generate huge quantities of solid wastes as pelt waste. If these bio-waste materials are not utilized properly, they are potential source of pollution. Microbiological degradation of pelt waste is amongst the permanent concerns of leather processing units. The process may have the purpose of decomposing waste to exploit by-products as biocompost or to obtain proteases through a biotechnological process. These enzymes can be used after purification in various processes that have animal protein as a substrate. They can also be used in raw state for enzymatic hydrolysis. The paper aims at development of an experimental model on the bioenzymatic degradation process of protein waste from tanneries.
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Cobo, N., A. López, and A. Lobo. "Biodegradation stability of organic solid waste characterized by physico-chemical parameters." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2008. WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm080171.
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Hendrianie, Nuniek, Sri Rachmania Juliastuti, Fanny Husna Ar-rosyidah, and Hilal Abdur Rochman. "Study utilization of extractable petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation waste as the main material for making solid fuels." In INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016 (ISFAChE 2016): Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982332.
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