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Journal articles on the topic 'Solid Waste Leachate'
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1
Chin, Pui Mun, Aine Nazira Naim, Fatihah Suja, and Muhammad Fadly Ahmad Usul. "Impact of Effluent from the Leachate Treatment Plant of Taman Beringin Solid Waste Transfer Station on the Quality of Jinjang River." Processes 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121553.
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Rapid population growth has contributed to increased solid waste generated in Malaysia. Most landfills that have reached the design capacity are now facing closure. Taman Beringin Landfill was officially closed, so the Taman Beringin Solid Waste Transfer Station was built to manage the relocation, consolidation, and transportation of solid waste to Bukit Tagar Sanitary Landfill. Leachates are generated as a consequence of rainwater percolation through waste and biochemical processes in waste cells. Leachate treatment is needed, as leachates cause environmental pollution and harm human health. This study investigates the impact of treated leachate discharge from a Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP) on the Jinjang River water quality. The performance of the LTP in Taman Beringin Solid Waste Transfer Station was also assessed. Leachate samples were taken at the LTP’s anoxic tank, aeration tank, secondary clarifier tank, and final discharge point, whereas river water samples were taken upstream and downstream of Jinjang River. The untreated leachate returned the following readings: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (697.50 ± 127.94 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (2419.75 ± 1155.22 mg/L), total suspended solid (TSS) (2710.00 ± 334.79 mg/L), and ammonia (317.08 ± 35.45 mg/L). The LTP’s overall performance was satisfactory, as the final treated leachates were able to meet the standard requirements of the Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulation 2009. However, the LTP’s activated sludge system performance was not satisfactory, and the parameters did not meet the standard limits. The result shows a low functioning biological treatment method that could not efficiently treat the leachate. However, a subsequent step of combining the biological and chemical process (coagulation, flocculation, activated sludge system, and activated carbon adsorption) helped the treated leachate to meet the standard B requirement stipulated by the Department of Environment (DOE), i.e., to flow safely into the river. This study categorized Jinjang River as polluted, with the discharge of the LTP’s treated leachates, possibly contributing to the river pollution. However, other factors, such as the upstream sewage treatment plant and the ex-landfill downstream, may have also affected the river water quality. The LTP’s activated sludge system performance at the transfer station still requires improvement to reduce the cost of the chemical treatment.
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Karnchanawong, Somjai, Takashi Ikeguchi, Seni Karnchanawong, and Suporn Koottatep. "Characteristics of leachate produced from simulation of landfill in a tropical country." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 9 (May 1, 1995): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0351.
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Four different heights of lysimeter were prepared to investigate the leachate characteristics produced from waste beds. The solid wastes from Chiang Mai municipal area were filled into the lysimeters with an inplace density of about 0.85 ton/m3. The experiment had been started for 853 days from May, 1990 to October, 1992. The leachates were collected every week to every month depending on the age of the waste and analysed for pH, conductivity, total solids, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total volatile solids, alkalinity, acidity, total volatile acid, Cl−, SO=4, BOD, COD, TOC, TKN and NH3−N. The results showed that conductivity, volatile acid, total solids, total volatile solids, COD, BOD and TOC were very high in the first rainy season or in the first dry season, after that, they decrease abruptly, and then gradually decrease until the end of the experiment. Acidity, alkalinity, suspended solids, TKN and NH3−N were high in the first rainy season and gradually decreased until the end of the experiment. High percentage reduction of acidity, volatile acid, COD, BOD and TOC concentrations in the leachate produced from lysimeters after one year of waste filling showed that the acidogenic phase of the biodegradation process had terminated and that the major portion of carbonaceous organic matter in the waste bed had been utilised within the first year of the experiment. For the deeper waste layer, nitrogenous compounds in the leachate produced after two years of waste filling were still high due to the low activity of nitrification in the waste bed. It was found that the shallower waste layer produced lower concentrations of pollutants in the leachate. Higher amounts of leachate volume and extracted substances per dry weight of wastes were produced from the shallower waste layer.
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Costa, Alyne Moraes, Carlos Augusto Machado da Costa e Silva, Sarah Dario Alves Daflon, Bianca Ramalho Quintaes, João Alberto Ferreira, and Juacyara Carbonelli Campos. "Evaluation of toxic potential of leachate originating from experimental landfill cells containing household waste and healthcare waste." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 10 (April 26, 2019): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19843159.
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Two experimental cells with household solid waste and healthcare solid waste were monitored in order to evaluate the pollution potential, and its toxicity effects corresponding to the chemical substances present in the leachates generated, correlating the physico–chemical composition with the ecotoxicity results (organisms Aliivibrio fischeri and Danio rerio). From the statistical evaluation of the physico–chemical analysis results, leachate generated in the household solid waste cell presented greater or equal values than to the healthcare solid waste cell, except for the turbidity parameter. The ecotoxicity results showed the same behaviour as that obtained with the physico–chemical analysis. A significant positive correlation was verified between chemical oxygen demand, alkalinity and ammonia nitrogen parameters with the leachate toxicity. This study concluded that healthcare solid waste presented less or equal polluting potential compared with household solid waste, and the co-disposal can be considered a viable alternative in sanitary landfills.
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Calic, Natasa, and Mirjana Ristic. "Vinca landfill leachate characteristics prediction by the leaching method." Chemical Industry 60, no. 7-8 (2006): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0608171c.
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Under the newly implemented waste management policy in European Union countries, sanitary landfilling constitutes the fourth and the least preferred of the alternative management options for the disposal of solid urban wastes. Landfills generate emissions over long periods, often longer than a lifetime. The longest lasting emission is leachate: leachate production and management is now recognized as one of the greatest problems associated with the environmentally sound operation of sanitary landfills. These liquid wastes can cause considerable pollution problems by contacting the surrounding soil, ground or surface waters and, are therefore considered major pollution hazards unless precautionary measures are implemented. Landfill leachate characterization is a critical factor in establishing a corresponding effective management strategy or treatment process. This paper summarizes leachate quality indicators, and investigates the temporal variation of leachate quality from municipal solid waste. The toxicity of leachates from the municipal solid waste landfill "Vinca" in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, was characterized using toxicity characteristics leaching procedures (TCLP). The "Vinca" landfill was established in 1978 as one of several municipal landfills. Since the 1990-ies the "Vinca" landfill has been the only operating landfill servicing the Belgrade Metropolitan area, the biggest city in Serbia, with 1,576,124 inhabitants in the larger-city area, and 1,273,651 inhabitants in the inner-city area. The total average amount of solid wastes deposited in the landfill is estimated to be 1100 tons/day. The landfill site is not lined and the tributary flows through the centre of the site-in some places directly under the mass of refuse. No consideration has been given to the protection of ground waters, surface runoff or drainage. Local authorities plan to expand the landfill by 0.4 km2 to a total of 1.3 km Chemical analysis was performed on the samples and the temporal variation of several parameters was monitored including pH, COD, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, ammonia nitrogen, hardness, and heavy metals. The COD and pH were related to the biological activity within the landfill and the results indicated differences between the samples due to waste age. The concentrations of heavy metals, sulfates, nitrates, chlorides and ammonia nitrogen in the leachate were low, indicating their initially low amount in landfilled waste or their flushing with moisture contributing to a reduction in their concentrations.
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Mochamad, Arief Budihardjo, Hadiwidodo Mochtar, Huboyo Haryono Setiyo, and Aulia Felita Rahma. "Characterization of Leachate from the Integrated Solid Waste Treatment Plant at Diponegoro University, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 07017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187307017.
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Leachate is generated during the decomposition process of solid waste and as a result of rainwater percolation through piles of garbage. Leachate composition is influenced by several factors such as the characteristic and density of solid waste, the amount of rainfall and the specific conditions of the disposal site. Once leachate reaches the surrounding soil and groundwater, high concentrations of organic substances will form and remain in the soil and groundwater for a long time. The well-known Indonesian Diponegoro University has built an integrated solid waste treatment plant (ISWTP) to manage the waste generated on site, which is mostly dominated by leaf litter, food waste, paper, and plastic. Organic solid waste goes through a decomposition process and produces leachate. In order to treat the leachate, it is necessary to identify its parameters. Thus, this study examines the effect of solid waste composition and density on leachate quality based on the conditions of the ISWTP. The results showed that the composition of solid waste altered the leachate quality while the density affected the decomposition rate and quantity of leachate.
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Reitzel, Steve, Grahame Faquhar, and Edward McBean. "Temporal characterization of municipal solid waste leachate." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 4 (August 1, 1992): 668–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-076.
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Estimates of leachate strength and its variance over time are examined to provide a management tool for forecasting the need for leachate treatment and groundwater monitoring during the active phase of landfilling. Using historical lysimeter studies, regression curves are developed characterizing leachate strength for a series of contaminants, namely, chloride, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphates, ammonia, iron, cadmium, and lead. For each of these contaminants, the time-scale for the regression curves is normalized with regard to moisture addition and refuse mass, and is presented as cumulative litres of leachate per kilogram of municipal solid wastes. Key words: leachate, leachate quality, landfill, statistical analyses, solid wastes.
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Lee, Dong-Jin, Su-Young Lee, Ji-Su Bae, Jung-Gu Kang, Ki-Heon Kim, Sung-Su Rhee, Jong-Hwan Park, Ju-Sik Cho, Jin Chung, and Dong-Cheol Seo. "Effect of Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration on Anaerobic Degradation Rate from Field Anaerobic Digestion Facilities Treating Food Waste Leachate in South Korea." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/640717.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of volatile fatty acid concentration on anaerobic degradation rate of food waste leachate in the anaerobic digestion facilities. The anaerobic digestion facilities treating food waste leachate (FWL), codigestion with food leachate and animal manure (A-MIX), and codigestion with food waste leachate and sewage sludge (S-MIX) were selected for this study. In accordance with the regulation under Wastes Control Act in South Korea, the guideline of volatile solid removal rate for anaerobic digestion facility is set as 65% for anaerobic degradation efficiency. Highest volatile solids removal rates were achieved from FWL (63.5%) than A-MIX (56.4%) and S-MIX (41.2%). Four out of eight FWLs met the guidelines. The concentration of volatile fatty acids, therefore, was analyzed to determine the relationship with volatile solid removal rate. The results showed that, in order to meet the Korean guideline of 65% volatile solid removal rate, volatile fatty acid concentrations should remain below 4,000 mg/L on the field anaerobic digestion facilities treating FWL. Volatile fatty acid concentrations should be used along with others as an operational parameter to control and manage the anaerobic digestion process.
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Pohland, F. G., and P. Rachdawong. "Use of post-consumer carpet products during landfill management of solid wastes." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 7-8 (October 1, 1996): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0651.
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This report focuses on the potential for using waste carpets as part of cover and liner systems at municipal solid waste landfills. Five different carpet materials were tested for their characteristics before and after incorporation with solid wastes in simulated landfill bioreactors. Selected analyses are presented on heavy metals and volatile organic compounds from TCLP extracts, and on leachate and gas samples during operation with and without leachate recycle. Biological clogging tests indicated no alteration in carpet integrity o2r significant reduction in permeability. Solid waste stabilization, indicated by gas and leachate parameters, proceeded without adverse impact from the codisposed carpets. Volatile organic compounds and heavy metals were present in trace amounts and below regulatory limits. These results supported post-consumer use of carpets as filter and separation layers for municipal solid waste landfill cover and liner systems.
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Barbieri, Maurizio, Tiziano Boschetti, Giuseppe Sappa, and Francesca Andrei. "Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality assessment in a municipal solid waste landfill (central Italy)." AIMS Geosciences 8, no. 3 (2022): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2022026.
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<abstract> <p>Municipal solid waste landfills leachate can cause serious environmental issues for groundwater quality. Therefore, the application of environmental tracing methods to identify groundwater contamination by municipal solid waste landfills leachate is significant. Hydrogeochemical evaluations to trace municipal solid waste landfills leachate are usually carried out. The study was carried out at a landfill in central Italy (Umbria). Samples of leachate and groundwater have been analyzed to evaluate the impact of leachates on groundwater through the comparison of their hydrogeochemical nature. Parameters like pH, Temperature (T), Electrical Conductivity (EC), redox potential (Eh) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were also measured in situ using digital instruments. Hydrogeochemical data (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, Cl<sup>−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), ionic ratios and geochemical correlations were used to confirm the processes that govern the chemistry of the spring water and to identify leachate contamination phenomena. In fact, the main geochemical diagrams (Langelier-Ludwig, Piper, Schoeller) confirm the leachate contamination in a groundwater sample. In particular, the Piper diagram shows that a sample is in Na<sup>+</sup> – Cl<sup>-</sup> – HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> mixing zone, indicating a possible influence of the leachate on groundwater chemistry. As a matter of fact, some correlations between major elements, such as Cl<sup>-</sup> versus Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> versus HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, confirm that the leachate in this study area is highly enriched in Cl<sup>-</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> due to wastes dissolution and degradation processes. Further, the assessment of K<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup> ratio also confirms the presence of a sample heavily impacted from leachate contamination. These results indicate that also one basic hydrogeochemical study can be useful for fingerprinting the leachate pollution for groundwater samples.</p> </abstract>
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Cardoso, Jonathan, Helder Gomes, and Paulo Brito. "Viability of the Use of Leachates from a Mechanical Biological Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Plant as Fertilizers." Recycling 4, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4010008.
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The main environmental issue associated with compost production is the production of a liquid leachate. Leachate from municipal wastes contains carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements that can be used as nutrients by plants. The advantages of the use of organic wastes such as compost leachate as fertilizers are evident. Their use would reduce the consumption of commercial fertilizers, which need, with their production, high cost and energy. This work aims to determine the physical and chemical properties of a specific leachate with a variable composition, collected from the composting line of a mechanical and biological treatment facility. The goal is to assess if the leachates can be used as a potential source for fertilizers, and thus develop and design a sequence of processes which could effectively convert the leachates to commercial fertilizers according to the requirements of the proposal of regulation of the European Parliament of 2016 for fertilizers. Preliminary results show that the leachate samples qualitatively meet the requirements established for the composition of commercial fertilizers, especially organo-mineral fertilizers. Furthermore, there is no production cost of leachate as a raw material. The results show that the leachate is characterized by manageable concentrations of heavy metals which can be removed by adsorption processes, and it presents suitable amounts of organic carbon after a water removal procedure. However, the establishment of the conditions for suitable conversion processes are still under investigation considering the high composition variability due to factors like storage and environmental conditions.
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Baynosa, Marjorie, Gladys Anne Bondoc, Leandro Angelo Miguel Sanchez, and Analiza Rollon. "Methane Generation via Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.317.
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The performance of a small-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion system which processes municipal solid wastes, i.e. vegetable and fruit wastes, was evaluated at mesophilic conditions. An anaerobic digester which required 5 L of fresh cow manure, 5 L of solid waste feed, 5 L each of leachate from the solid waste, and 1 L of anaerobic seeding had been constructed. The volume of the feed solids after digestion has significantly reduced after the operation. The total accumulated methane for a solids retention time (SRT) of 20 days contained useful heat energy amounting to 330.27 KJ.
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Siddiqi, Sajjad Ahmad, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Ahmad Sana, Mahad Said Baawain, and Mahbuboor Rahman Choudhury. "Characterization and pollution potential of leachate from urban landfills during dry and wet periods in arid regions." Water Supply 22, no. 3 (November 17, 2021): 3462–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.392.
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Abstract Leachate originating from municipal solid waste landfills poses a serious contamination threat to public health. The study performed a bio-physicochemical characterization of leachate from two landfills in Oman, i.e., Multaqa landfill leachate (MLL) and Barka landfill leachate (BLL) before and after rainfall. Samples were characterized for 92 parameters. Additionally, the leachate pollution index (LPI) was estimated to assess the expected contamination levels and potential environmental health risks. The study found a high value of the leachate parameters without any rainfall incidents. Pearson correlations (±ve) are seen at more than 90% in all cases, which is a strong association (r>0.75) for the measured parameters in both MLL and BLL. Rainfall significantly reduced the concentrations of organic contaminants and solids in leachate due to dilution. The study revealed about 18%–29% and 14%–28% reductions in the LPI sub-index for organic and inorganic contaminants, respectively, after rainfall. The overall LPI values were higher compared with similar findings from the literature. Such deviations could be attributed to the unsegregated nature of solid waste, resulting in the formation of contaminants or from the disposal of a high volume of solid waste in a smaller area. Therefore, the study recommends efficient management strategies for landfills to reduce potential leachate groundwater contamination.
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Teirumnieks, Edmunds, Līga Bērziņa-Cimdiņa, Juris Mālers, Gatis Pelčers, and Ērika Teirumnieka. "INVESTIGATIONS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASLE LANDFILLS LEACHALE TREATMENT." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 23, 2007): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2007vol1.1741.
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Municipal solid waste landfills are one of the most dangerous environment “point" polluters. The main polluter in landfills is leachate, which arise mainly of waste moisture and precipitations. Leachate is very contaminated wastewater and all landfills operators have problems in leachate treatment sector, because composition of leachate contaminants and concentrations very changed in time. It is very problematic task for selection of leachate treatment method or methods. Normally, in leachate treatment practice combination of different treatment methods are used. In this paper composition of leachate in two biggest Latvia landfills are described. Leachate treatment investigations were achieved with coagulation and sorbtion methods. In researches leachate with coagulants Al2(SOf3 and FeCl3 and peat as sorbent are treated. Researches showed that peat is very effective sorbent for heavy metals removing from leachate.
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Hoai, Son Tran, Huong Nguyen Lan, Nga Tran Thi Viet, Giang Nguyen Hoang, and Ken Kawamoto. "Characterizing Seasonal Variation in Landfill Leachate Using Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) at Nam Son Solid Waste Landfill in Hanoi, Vietnam." Environments 8, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8030017.
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The improper treatment of landfill leachates is one of the major problems associated with waste landfilling and causes serious environmental pollution at waste landfill sites and their surroundings. To develop a suitable landfill leachate treatment system and to minimize the risk of environmental pollution, it is important to characterize seasonal and temporal variations of landfill leachates. This study investigated the leachate quality of the Nam Son waste landfill in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2017–2019 and characterized the potential risks of landfill leachate using a leachate pollution index (LPI). The results of this study showed that the seasonal and temporal variation of the overall LPI during the monitoring period was small and in the range of 20–25 (values 2.5 times higher than the maximum permissible limits of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater). The LPI sub-indices attributed to organic and inorganic pollutants were major components of the LPI. Especially, the annually averaged values of LPI of inorganic pollutants were 7.7 times higher than the maximum permissible limits, suggesting that the treatment of inorganic pollutants, such as ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+–N) and total nitrogen (TN), is highly required at Nam Son landfill to prevent environmental pollution surrounding the landfill site.
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Wowkonowicz, Paweł, Marta Kijeńska, and Eugeniusz Koda. "Potential environmental risk assessment of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate emissions from a municipal solid waste landfill leachate." PeerJ 9 (October 1, 2021): e12163. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12163.
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Background In certain countries, including Poland, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste, together with di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) contained within (up to 60%), is mostly directed to municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. From there, over time, it is released from the polymer matrix and can migrate with landfill leachate into the environment. The amount of DEHP placed on the Polish market since the start of industrial production and the prevalent landfilling disposal of PVC waste in Poland, indicate that DEHP pollution can increase risk factors in the future. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of DEHP in leachates from a chosen MSW landfill directed to a local sewage treatment plant (STP) and estimate the associated potential risks to the environment. Results DEHP concentrations in leachates ranged from < LOQ to 394.4 µg/L, depending on the sampling year and season. DEHP is a pervasive environmental contaminant present in all investigated landfill leachate samples. The results from The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) modelling related to DEHP in leachate directed to STP indicated potentially unacceptable risk to freshwater organisms; and birds and mammals feeding on earthworms (where a sewage sludge applications in agriculture take place). The results indicated low risk for other environmental components including local fresh-water sediment, local soil and microorganisms of STP, and freshwater fish-eating birds and mammals. Conclusions Future DEHP emissions may occur after the technical lifetime of the landfill and/or decay its bottom sealing. To avoid contamination, the monitoring of landfills after closure should include DEHP concentrations and last longer than the recommended (inter alia in Poland) 30 years, or until emissions from PVC to leachate are eliminated. More research on leachate of DEHP and its potential risks should be conducted, utilising detailed modelling which can including other landfills and different routes of DEHP emissions in leachates.
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Vaverková, Magdalena Daria, Jakub Elbl, Eugeniusz Koda, Dana Adamcová, Ayla Bilgin, Vojtěch Lukas, Anna Podlasek, et al. "Chemical Composition and Hazardous Effects of Leachate from the Active Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Surrounded by Farmlands." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 4531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114531.
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Landfill leachates are potentially harmful to the environment and to human health. The objective of this study was to characterize leachates in order to analyze whether a relationship exists between the stored waste and the composition of leachates, and to detect possible leakages of pollutants into the environment. To achieve these objectives, field data, Global Positioning System data and physico-chemical data were used. Biological tests are becoming increasingly popular in determining leachate toxicity; therefore, two toxicity tests were performed with the seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and duckweed (Lemna minor L.). Leachates were sampled from the leachate pond. Groundwater quality was monitored by using drill holes. The research and analysis carried out are important to determine their potential impact on agricultural areas located near the landfill. Demonstrably increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of heavy metals were detected only in the leachate pond which closes the landfill body, where it links up with the landfill insulation layer. Water sampled from drill holes reaching into groundwater was not contaminated. The results showed that the leachates did not leak outside the landfill. Nevertheless, they were found to be phytotoxic. Both toxicity tests showed that the increasing amount of leachates resulted in the increasing growth inhibition of the tested plants. The proper handling of leachates should have been ensured.
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Nikolova-Kuscu, R., W. Powrie, and D. J. Smallman. "Mechanisms of clogging in granular drainage systems permeated with low organic strength leachate." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 6 (June 2013): 632–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0146.
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Leachate drains in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are susceptible to biological and (or) chemical clogging. This paper describes clogging of drainage aggregates permeated with leachates representative of those from landfills containing wastes with a low organic content — such as low-level radioactive waste repositories — which may occur as a result of microbiological activity causing formation of bacterial biofilms (microbiological clogging) and precipitation of low-solubility inorganic salts (chemical clogging). The balance between these depends on the leachate composition. Biological deposits appeared to reach a pseudo steady state, proportional to the nutrient loading, for the range of conditions investigated and as such can be considered to be self-limiting and the clog material reasonably permeable. Harder inorganic deposits of calcium carbonate occurred if the Ca2+ concentration in the leachate exceeded the local solubility limit under the prevailing conditions, i.e., partial pressures of CO2 between 3.7 and 6 kPa and pH of 6.7–6.8. CaCO3 clog was observed to bind the granular aggregates together and be effectively impermeable, and was, unlike a pure microbial clog, observed not to be self-limiting. Hard CaCO3 clog could be reduced by not co-disposing wastes that are high in calcium with wastes having a high organic content, and generally keeping the Ca2+ concentration in the leachate low.
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Petry, Camila Tamires, Daiane Trindade Costa, and Annette Droste. "Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from municipal landfill leachate with floating Typha domingensis (Typhaceae)." Acta Biológica Colombiana 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v25n1.74749.
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A promising method for the treatment of effluents is the use of floating macrophytes. Ammoniacal nitrogen is a typical compound present in urban landfill leachates and its removal is important due its toxicity to several organisms. Therefore, the study evaluated Typha domingensis survival and nitrification potential artificially floating in domestic solid waste leachate. Plants were exposed for 35 days to leachate (100, 75 and 50 %) and to rainwater with N:P:K (control). Dissolved oxygen (DO) of the treatments was periodically measured, and ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate were analyzed before and after exposure. At the end of the experiment, plant survival rate was calculated. After two weeks, DO increased twice in the control, three times in 50 % leachate, four times in 75 % leachate, and eight times in 100 % leachate. At the end of the experiment, ammoniacal nitrogen was no longer detected, there was a significant reduction of nitrite, and a significant increase of nitrate in the treatments containing leachate. Plant survival was higher in those individuals exposed to 100 % leachate and decreased at lower leachate concentrations: 98 %, 94 %, 92 %, and 86 %. The study demonstrated that the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of the leachate was not toxic to T. domingensis, and that it was efficient in the removal of this compound from the effluent, indicating that the species may be used artificially floating for the removal of this contaminant from domestic solid waste landfill leachate when in low concentrations.
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Chaudhary, Sharad. "Leachate Characterization Generated from Municipal Solid waste at Landfill Site Ghazipur, New Delhi." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47342.
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Abstract: The management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the key environmental issues facing Indian cities, mostly as a result of the country's growing industrialisation and urbanisation. According to numerous studies, open dumps and landfills are used to dispose of around 90% of solid waste in an improper manner. Pollutants can escape a poorly constructed landfill in a number of ways. Leachate can escape from a landfill or dumpsite and contaminate groundwater and surface water if the soil above or below it is porous. Therefore, In this paper an attempt is made to characterize the leachate produced by municipal solid waste dumping site of Ghazipur, New Delhi which is located at Latitude: 28° 37' 30.8784". Longitude: 77° 19' 40.764" near the Delhi-UP border. In this investigation, about 12 leachate parameters were identified. Three sample sites at the bottom of the landfill, spaced 7 metres apart, were used to characterise the leachate samples. All of the leachate samples had an acidic pH value ranging from 6.24 to 6.88, it is discovered. All of the sample’s conductivity and total dissolved solids ranged from 567 to 1945 S/cm and 513 to 1289 ppm respectively. Similar dissolved ions such chloride, calcium, sodium, nitrate, and potassium were found in the leachate sample. The majority of the ions were discovered to be above the standards-permitted level. The present study concludes that characterization of landfill leachate is important to identify the most critical pollutants present in the leachate and thereby to introduce suitable and applicable technologies such as in-situ impermeable barriers etc.
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Warith, Mostafa A., Walied Zekry, and Neeraj Gawri. "Effect of Leachate Recirculation on Municipal Solid Waste Biodegradation." Water Quality Research Journal 34, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1999.012.
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Abstract Biological processes are known to reduce the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, but current landfilling practices have not been altered to reflect this knowledge. The advantages of enhancing degradation of solid waste include reduced period of leachate treatment, increased methane production, expedited landfill site reclamation through stabilized waste mining, and accelerated subsidence permitting recovery of valuable landfill air space. The techniques that can be used to enhance biological degradation include leachate recirculation, addition of nutrients, shredding, sludge and buffer solutions addition, lift design, temperature, and moisture content management. Manipulation of these variables promotes a more conducive environment for microbial activity. This paper presents the results of a leachate recirculation experiment into three pilots scale solid waste cells. A computer-operated pumping system controlled the rate of recirculated leachate into the solid waste cells. The leachate was recirculated over a period of 65 weeks, and effluent samples were obtained on a weekly basis and analyzed for pH, BOD, COD, TOC and heavy metal concentrations. The experimental results indicated that addition of supplemental materials to the leachate during recirculation has a positive effect on the rate of biological degradation of solid waste. The addition of primary sludge and supplemental nutrients resulted on a rapid increase in BOD and COD concentrations in the effluent samples. This rapid increase in BOD and COD concentrations suggests that following a lag phase prior to the methano-jenesis phase, a rapid decrease in the organic load in the leachate will be ichieved within a reasonable time frame. In addition, the results of this investigation indicates that the primary sludge is an excellent source of microbial inoculum. The addition of supplemental nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) with buffer also increases the concentration of the BOD and COD in the effluent samples, proving that a balance of pH and an increase in the available nutrients increases biological activities in the solid waste cells compared to the control cell.
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Andrei, Francesca, Maurizio Barbieri, and Giuseppe Sappa. "Application of 2H and 18O Isotopes for Tracing Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Contamination of Groundwater: Two Italian Case Histories." Water 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081065.
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Groundwater contamination due to municipal solid waste landfills leachate is a serious environmental threat. During recent years, the use of stable isotopes as environmental tracers to identify groundwater contamination phenomena has found application to environmental engineering. Deuterium (2H) and oxygen (18O) isotopes have successfully used to identify groundwater contamination phenomena if submitted to interactions with municipal solid waste landfills leachate, with a significant organic amount. The paper shows two case studies, in central and southern Italy, where potential contamination phenomenon of groundwater under municipal solid waste landfills occurred. In both cases, isotope compositions referred to 2H and 18O highlight a δ2H enrichment for some groundwater samples taken in wells, located near leachate storage wells. The δ2H enrichment is probably caused by methanogenesis phenomena, during which the bacteria use preferentially the hydrogen “lighter” isotope (1H), and the remaining enriched the “heavier” isotope (2H). The study of the isotope composition variation, combined with the spatial trend of some analytes (Fe, Mn, Ni) concentrations, allowed to identify interaction phenomena between the municipal solid waste landfills leachate and groundwater in both case histories. Therefore, these results confirm the effectiveness of 2H isotopes application as environmental tracer of groundwater contamination phenomena due to mixing with municipal solid waste landfills leachate.
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Deng, Li Fang, Hao Ran Yuan, Hong Yu Huang, and Yong Chen. "Municipal Solid Waste Leachate Treatment Using Microbial Fuel Cell." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2361.
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Leachate is a high concentration organic wastewater, and microbial fuel cell (MFC) is capable of decomposing and treating organic pollutants directly. Single-chamber MFC using landfill leachate as anolyte was built to get rid of BOD and ammonia-nitrogen organic pollutant in leachate. The use of MFC led to the treatment of the biodegradable organic pollutant of municipal solid waste leachate and the production of electricity. The biofilm was detected on the MFC anode carbon felt, the voltage and power output were achieved 292.7± 5 mV and 2375.1mW.m-2. The suitable running time was about 10 days, when the BOD and ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiencies were achieved about 93.0% and 84.1 %, respectively.
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Nawaz, Tabish, Ashiqur Rahman, Shanglei Pan, Kyleigh Dixon, Burgandy Petri, and Thinesh Selvaratnam. "A Review of Landfill Leachate Treatment by Microalgae: Current Status and Future Directions." Processes 8, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8040384.
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Solid waste generation has been projected to increase worldwide. Presently, the most applied methodology to dispose of solid waste is landfilling. However, these landfill sites, over time release a significant quantity of leachate, which can pose serious environmental issues, including contamination of water resources. There exist many physicochemical and biological landfill leachate treatment schemes with varying degrees of success. With an increasing focus on sustainability, there has been a demand for developing eco-friendly, green treatment schemes for landfill leachates with viable resource recovery and minimum environmental footprints. Microalgae-based techniques can be a potential candidate for such a treatment scenario. In this article, research on microalgae-based landfill leachate treatments reported in the last 15 years have been summarized and critically reviewed. The scale-up aspect of microalgae technology has been discussed, and the related critical factors have been elucidated. The article also analyzes the resource recovery potential for microalgal techniques with respect to leachate treatment and explores possible methodologies to minimize the environmental footprints of the microalgae-based treatment process. The future research potential in the area has been identified and discussed.
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Hussein, Omar Amer, and Jathwa Abd-Alkareem Ibrahim. "Impact of Leachate Recirculation on the Stabilization of Municipal Solid Waste in Anaerobic Bioreactors of Different Compositions." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 3 (June 2, 2023): 10646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5839.
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The aim of the current study is to determine the impacts of leachate recirculation on the degradation of three compositions of municipal solid waste in anaerobic bioreactors. The study was completed by using six columns with equal volume (0.042m3) containing different densities and compositions of solid waste, in order to follow waste degradation over a limited time. Three compositions of waste were studied: simulated fresh waste of standard composition, simulated fresh waste of fermentable composition, and actual aged waste. Measurements of the significant parameters including pH, leachate conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and waste settlement, were carried out. The quantity of oxidized organic matter was increased by the leachate recirculation, and the degradation period was reduced by using leachate recirculation. After 300, 150, and 480 days, waste stabilization seemed to be reached for fresh, aged, and fermentable waste, whereas the organic content decreased to 650, 480, and 4000mg COD/L, respectively.
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Butcher, E. J., J. Borwick, N. Collier, and S. J. Williams. "Long term leachate evolution during flow-through leaching of a vault backfill (NRVB)." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 8 (December 2012): 3023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.8.18.
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AbstractSome of the illustrative concepts for the disposal of intermediate-level waste in a geological disposal facility in the UK employ a cementitious backfill around the waste packages. The concept for higher strength rocks would use a highly alkaline backfill composed of Portland cement (now known as CEM I), hydrated lime and limestone flour, referred to as Nirex reference vault backfill (NRVB).This paper reports a study of the extensive leaching of cured NRVB in a range of generic leachant compositions (deionized water, 0.1 M and 1 M NaCl solutions) under flow-through conditions using a flexible wall permeameter. The experiments were designed to run for up to two years and to pass at least 1000 volumes of leachant (defined as the cumulative leachate volume produced/NRVB solid specimen volume) through the NRVB samples. Results for the pH evolution profiles of the leachates and the microstructural analysis of the unleached and leached samples are presented.
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Liu, Yang, Zhong Ping Qiu, and Gui Chen Wang. "Acceleration of the Degradation of Leachate with Introduced Microbes in Bioreactor Sanitary Landfill." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 1304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1304.
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Urbanization, economic growth, and the continuing improvement in living standards have all contributed to the increase of municipal solid waste. More effective technology is needed to improve the conditional landfill of municipal solid waste. Multifunctional microbe community introduced in bioreactor landfill accelerates the degradation of leachate of MSW( Municipal Solid Waste). The results show that introduced microbes shorten the acid formation phase effectively, 208 days earlier than contrast group; introduced microbes accelerated the degradation of leachate. Concentration ofCODof leachate decreases significantly and remains 3000mg/Lafter 505thday, 187 days earlier than contrast group. Concentration of ammonia nitrogen of leachate decomposes more rapidly (63 days earlier) and finally reaches 0.025g/Lat 700thday that meets the national pollution - control requirements of MSW (GB 16889-2008).
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Bourechech, Z., F. Abdelmalek, MR Ghezzar, and A. Addou. "Treatment of leachate from municipal solid waste of Mostaganem district in Algeria: Decision support for advising a process treatment." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 1 (November 17, 2017): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17739970.
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The aim of this work is to propose a plan for the choice of a suitable process for the treatment of a young leachate from municipal solid waste. Classical processes were applied: Fenton process, the coupling coagulation-Fenton process and the adsorption on powdered activated carbon (PAC). The study involves synthesised leachates from three types of wastes collected from sanitary landfill (SL): leachate of putrescible fraction (Lp), paper-cardboard (Lpc), sawdust (Ls) and the one of landfill (Lsl). The optimal operating conditions have been determined for the three processes: Fenton: [H2O2] = 6.8 g L-1 and [Fe2+] = 2.8 g L-1, coagulation: [Fe3+] = 0.3 g L-1 and adsorption: [PAC] = 60 g L-1. The three processes gave reduction rates of chemical oxygen demand ranging from 50% to 85% for Lp, 87% to 97% for Lpc and 61% to 87% for Ls. Whereas for Lsl, it was of 45%, 56% and 80% for the Fenton, coagulation-Fenton and adsorption processes, respectively. A modelling study was conducted to calculate the chemical oxygen demand of leachate produced during 25 years for different thicknesses of waste. This predicted value is used to advise for the process treatment to apply and to assess the environmental impacts in the long term.
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Brkanac, Sandra Radić, Valerija Vujčić, Petra Cvjetko, Vid Baković, and Višnja Oreščanin. "Removal of landfill leachate toxicity and genotoxicity by two treatment methods." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2431.
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Summary Leachates from active and closed municipal solid waste landfills can be a major source of contamination to groundwater and surface waters. In the present study the toxic and genotoxic potential of leachate from an old sanitary landfill prior to and following chemical and electrochemical treatments were assessed using Lemna, Allium, and comet tests. Photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (indicator of lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated as additional indicators of toxicity in duckweed. Following duckweed exposure to 25 % dilution of landfill leachate, growth rate and photosynthetic pigments content significantly decreased while lipid peroxidation increased despite stimulation of antioxidative defence mechanisms. Diluted leachate induced DNA strand breaks in duckweed cells as evidenced by the comet assay. Regarding the Allium test, untreated leachate caused inhibition of Allium cepa cell division and induction of mitotic and chromosomal aberrations. Although both water treatments completely reduced genotoxicity of leachate, the electrochemical method was found to be more efficient in removing toxic substances present in landfill leachate and thus more suitable for treating such leachates prior to their discharge into the environment. As landfill leachates pose a risk to human health and environment in general due to their (geno)toxicity, the present study demonstrates that the ecotoxicity/genotoxicity assays should be used in leachate risk assessment together with physicochemical analysis.
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Kumar, M. Vijaya. "A Review on Municipal Solid Waste Disposal by Sanitary Landfilling Method." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 10 (October 28, 2021): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20211066.
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Over the years, the generation of municipal waste in India has increased significantly. Solid waste management has become an important issue due to poor waste management practices affect public health and urban services. Municipal waste generation increases with increasing population, urbanization and industrialization. Municipal solid wastes disposal is a stinging and widespread problem in many developed and developing countries, in both urban and rural areas. Municipal waste management solutions must be economically sustainable, technically feasible, social, legally acceptable and environmentally friendly. Sanitary landfilling is popular in most countries because of the due to its relatively low cost and low technical requirements This paper mainly review on need to dispose of municipal waste, sanitary land filling method of disposal of MSW, Evaluation of the impact of landfills on the environment such leachate, land fill gases (LFG), land fill fires (LFF), strategies for effective management of sanitary landfills and sustainable measures (reduce, reuse and recycle) to minimize the amount of waste that ends up in landfills. Keywords: Municipal solid waste, Sanitary landfill, leachate, land fill gases (LFG) and land fill fires (LFF).
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Radenkova-Yaneva, Magdelinka, Emilia Kostakeva, and Dimiter Toshev. "Contaminant migration from sanitary landfill leachate through soil monoliths." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 7 (October 1, 1995): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0236.
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It is well known that the leachates from solid domestic waste sanitary landfills are heavily polluted with organic and inorganic substances. As they are of a potential danger for the environment, their uncontrolled seepage is avoided in the modern sanitary landfills by means of suitable insulation. This is mostly made of natural materials with a low filtration coefficient. The present paper considers the results of the filtration characteristics, studying natural clayey soil model liners. The leachate contaminants distribution from the sanitary landfill in Sofia (Suhodol) is traced out in different liner depths. The mechanism of pollutant attenuation in the liners is considered. It is found that a part of the leachate components (Fe, Mn, SO42−, PO43−) stays in clayey liners. Besides, as a result of pore colmatation the permeability of the liners is decreased. It is shown that soil monoliths with a proper thickness might serve as a sufficiently safe barrier against leachate filtration in adjacent aquifers. On the base of the results obtained the thickness of the clay liners in the solid domestic waste sanitary landfills could be optimized.
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Yesil, H., A. E. Tugtas, A. Bayrakdar, and B. Calli. "Anaerobic fermentation of organic solid wastes: volatile fatty acid production and separation." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 10 (March 12, 2014): 2132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.132.
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Anaerobic fermentation of organic municipal solid waste was investigated using a leach-bed reactor (LBR) to assess the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production efficiency. The leachate recycle rate in the LBR affected the VFA composition of the leachate. A six-fold increase in the recycle rate resulted in an increase of the acetic acid fraction of leachate from 24.7 to 43.0%. The separation of VFAs via leachate replacement resulted in higher total VFA production. VFA separation from synthetic VFA mix and leachate of a fermented organic waste was assessed via a counter-current flow polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane contactor. Acetic and propionic acid permeation fluxes of 13.12 and 14.21 g/m2.h were obtained at low feed pH values when a synthetic VFA mix was used as a feed solution. The highest selectivity was obtained for caproic acid compared to that of other VFAs when synthetic VFA mix or leachate was used as a feed solution. High pH values and the presence of suspended solids in the leachate adversely affected the permeation rate.
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Hettiaratchi, J. P. A., S. E. Hrudey, D. W. Smith, and D. C. C. Sego. "Shrinkage behavior of clay liner material exposed to simulated municipal solid waste landfill leachate." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 500–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-069.
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The use of hydraulic conductivity (k) of soil material as the sole basis for sanitary landfill liner design is reviewed. On one hand, k measurements obtained in the laboratory often vary by several orders of magnitude. On the other, laboratory-measured k values fail to address field behavior, where crack formation before and (or) during landfill operation may control the bulk permeability.A synaerisis shrinkage test (SST) to study the soil shrinkage caused by municipal solid waste (MSW) leachates is introduced. Leachates cause soil shrinkage by reducing interparticle repulsive stresses thereby increasing effective stress. The effective stress concept and double layer theory adequately describe the synaerisis shrinkage phenomenon. A strong correlation was obtained between percent strain, the soil–liquid parameter determined from SST results, and a volume change parameter (free swell difference, FSD) from sedimentation test results. The results provide a basis for a broader approach to landfill liner design. The SST, which supplies information on both volume shrinkage and permeability changes caused by leachate, provides a useful laboratory procedure for evaluating liner materials. Key words: clay liners, shrinkage, leachate, synaerisis, hydraulic conductivity.
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Otieno, F. A. O. "Stabilization of Solid Waste Through Leachate Recycling." Waste Management & Research 12, no. 1 (January 1994): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x9401200109.
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OTIENO, F. "Stabilization of solid waste through leachate recycling." Waste Management & Research 12, no. 1 (February 1994): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0734-242x(94)90023-x.
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Manning, D. A. C. "Calcite precipitation in landfills: an essential product of waste stabilization." Mineralogical Magazine 65, no. 5 (October 2001): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/002646101317018424.
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AbstractRoutine monitoring of landfill leachates has been extended to include characterization of suspended solids recovered by filtration. Calcite is consistently identified as a suspended solid, with less frequent reports of quartz and clays (kaolinite, illite, chlorite). Morphologically, calcite occurs as discrete grains, coatings on quartz sand and as microconcretions. Preliminary stable isotope data for seven samples generally show positive δ13C values (relative to PDB) up to +3.5‰ and δ18O values between −5 and −8‰, consistent with an origin through precipitation from leachate. Geochemical modelling of leachate compositions for the same samples indicates that the leachates are saturated with respect to calcite, and that the degree of supersaturation decreases for older samples. Mass balance considerations show that the proportions of methane and carbon dioxide observed for landfill gas do not reflect the amount of bicarbonate that is potentially available from the anaerobic decomposition of putrescible waste. Overall, putrescible waste has the potential to form a maximum of 1.9 g of calcite for every gram of waste, although values less than this are likely to be achieved in practice. From these differing lines of evidence, there can be no doubt that calcite precipitation should be expected to take place within landfill systems as an essential part of the waste degradation and stabilization process, and should be considered in modelling both gas evolution and carbon emissions.
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Yunus, Anika, David J. Smallman, Anne Stringfellow, Richard Beaven, and William Powrie. "Leachate dissolved organic matter characterization using spectroscopic methods." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2011.032.
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This study investigated the use of ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor the changes in biodegradability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in landfill leachates. Experiments to investigate aerobic biodegradation of leachate DOM were carried out using untreated and treated leachate samples collected from two UK municipal solid waste landfills, L1 and L2. Leachate samples collected at different stages of the aerobic treatment processes were characterized by conventional methods (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon content (DOC)) and also by UV spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix. The laboratory-scale aerobic treatment system achieved reductions in COD and DOC in all of the leachates. Results obtained from UV spectrophotometry indicated that the aromatic character of the leachate decreased during aerobic biodegradation. Additionally, the fluorescence intensity of the leachates decreased to various extents, suggesting degradation of humic, fulvic or protein-like structures during biodegradation. Initial results showed strong relations between fluorescent DOC and fluorescent COD and suggest that the strength of these correlations could be a useful tool in distinguishing sources and biodegradability of DOC cheaply and quickly, although further research using different types of leachates is required.
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Lakshmikanthan, P., and GL Sivakumar Babu. "Performance evaluation of the bioreactor landfill in treatment and stabilisation of mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 3 (December 15, 2016): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16681461.
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The potential of bioreactor landfills to treat mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste is analysed in this study. Developing countries like India and China have begun to investigate bioreactor landfills for municipal solid waste management. This article describes the impacts of leachate recirculation on waste stabilisation, landfill gas generation, leachate characteristics and long-term waste settlement. A small-scale and large-scale anaerobic cell were filled with mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste collected from a landfill site at the outskirts of Bangalore, India. Leachate collected from the same landfill site was recirculated at the rate of 2–5 times a month on a regular basis for 370 days. The total quantity of gas generated was around 416 L in the large-scale reactor and 21 L in the small-scale reactor, respectively. Differential settlements ranging from 20%–26% were observed at two different locations in the large reactor, whereas 30% of settlement was observed in the small reactor. The biological oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio indicated that the waste in the large reactor was stabilised at the end of 1 year. The performance of the bioreactor with respect to the reactor size, temperature, landfill gas and leachate quality was analysed and it was found that the bioreactor landfill is efficient in the treatment and stabilising of mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste.
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Calli, B., S. Durmaz, and B. Mertoglu. "Identification of prevalent microbial communities in a municipal solid waste landfill." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 8 (April 1, 2006): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.244.
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To identify the microbial communities in Istanbul, Odayeri Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, leachate samples were collected from different sections at different stabilization phases. In identification of microbial communities in leachate samples, molecular techniques such as FISH, DGGE and cloning based on 16S rRNA and mcrA genes were used. As the chemical and microbiological compositions of the samples were compared, obvious correlations were found between the stability of the landfill section and abundance of active methanogens. On the other hand, there were considerable differences between acidogenic and mature leachate samples in DGGE profiles of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Moreover, in acidogenic leachate samples having BOD5/COD ratio of about 0.5 acetate utilizing Methanosarcina and Methanosaeta species were intensively detected in FISH. Although only very few H2-utilizing methanogens were identified with FISH analysis, most of the clones isolated from mature leachate samples clustered within H2-utilizing Methanobacteriales and Methanomicrobiales according to phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and mcrA clones, respectively.
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Hussieny, Maged A., Mohamed S. Morsy, Mostafa Ahmed, Sherien Elagroudy, and Mohamed H. Abdelrazik. "Municipal Solid Waste and Leachate Characterization in the Cairo Metropolitan Area." Resources 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11110102.
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The composition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in the Cairo metropolitan area is investigated. The outputs of MSW sorting analysis at various locations in Cairo with different waste management schemes are presented. Organics (58–75%) and plastic waste (19–28%) are the main components of MSW in Cairo with a higher percentage of organics in landfills compared to dumpsites. The leachate quality is analyzed, and the analysis results indicate that the concentration of macro inorganic pollutants (NH4+, Na+, Ca2+, and Cl−) and heavy metals (e.g., Cd2+ and Zn2+) are exceeding the majority of values reported in the literature in various cities all over the world. There was no evidence of an effect of the recycling process on chloride concentration in leachate, while the concentration of iron was reduced. The variation of leachate quality with time for two samples collected from the same municipal solid waste landfill is presented. The first leachate sample is a two-year-old, and the second sample is a sixteen-year-old. There was a significant increase in the concentration of chloride, sodium, chromium, calcium, and magnesium. The implications of the leachate quality in Cairo on the longevity of barrier systems in an MSW landfill are discussed.
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Barbhai, Shantanu, and Puneet Sharma. "Repercussion of Open Dumping Ground in the Vicinity at Mantarwadi, Pune." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1110, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012044.
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Abstract Urbanization is taking place at a very fast pace in India. The migration of people from villages to cities is putting a tremendous pressure on the infrastructure in all the major cities. Due to the lack of expertise, the Municipal Authorities continued to dispose of the MSW by dumping it in open areas. The fires and other constant problems at dumping ground along with ground water contamination due to leachate causes a lot of opposition from Nongovernment Organizations (NGOs). Municipal solid waste (MSW) is diverse in nature and includes biodegradable materials as well as paper, plastic, rags, metal, glass, and pieces of metal. Aside from these additional components, MSW also includes scrap materials, waste papers, dead animals, abandoned chemicals, paints, toxic hospital waste, and agricultural leftovers. The biological waste produced by clinics, hospitals, nursing homes, pathological laboratories, blood banks, and veterinary centres has until to this point also been dumped at the dumpsite with MSW. Solid waste is a waste type that includes predominantly household waste which sometimes includes the addition of commercial waste collected in a given area. Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) is responsible for collection, storage, segregation, transportation and disposal of all solid waste generated in the city. In the present research work describes an attempt to assess the different parameters on the leachate collected from the Mantarwadi dumping site, Pune. Leachate from landfills has the potential to contaminate both surface and ground water if left unchecked. Within a single location, the leachate’s composition varies substantially. The age of the landfill, the types of trash, the degree of decomposition that has occurred, and the physical alteration of the garbage are some of the variables that determine composition. Once groundwater is contaminated, it is uneconomical to retrieve the same. The waste from Pune City is disposed of by the Pune Municipal Corporation at Mantarwadi (Urali devachi depot), which is located 20 km away from Pune City. At Mantarwadi, over 1200–1300 metric tonnes of solid trash from the Pune municipal area are disposed off each day.
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Rodrigo-Ilarri, Javier, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero, and Eduardo Cassiraga. "BIOLEACH: A New Decision Support Model for the Real-Time Management of Municipal Solid Waste Bioreactor Landfills." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051675.
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This paper introduces BIOLEACH, a new decision support model for the real-time management of municipal solid waste bioreactor landfills that allows estimating the leachate and biogas production. Leachate production is estimated using an adaptation of the water balance equation which considers every hydrological component and the water consumed by anaerobic organic matter degradation to create biogas and the leachate recirculation flows pumped from the landfill pond under a bioreactor management scheme. Landfill gas production is estimated considering the leachate formation process as a coupled effect through the production or consumption of water. BIOLEACH uses waste production and climate data at monthly scale and computes leachate production accounting for the actual conditions inside the waste mass. Biogas production is computed simultaneously, considering the available water to adjust the chemical organic matter biodegradation. BIOLEACH is a valuable bioreactor managing tool as it allows calculating the recirculation volume of leachate that ensures optimal moisture conditions inside the waste mass and therefore maximizing biogas production. As an illustrative example of a BIOLEACH application, the model has been applied to a real landfill located in Murcia Region (Spain) showing the economic and environmental benefits derived from leachate superficial recirculation.
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Gong, Wei Jin, and Yue Liu. "Design of Leachate Treatment Project in Fan County Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.299.
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The leachate treatment project in Fan county Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Site was constructed according to the Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste (GB 16889- 2008). It adopted Striping－UASB－A/O－MBR－RO process. Since being put into operation on June 15, 2009, the leachate treatment project has operated for more than two years, and the effluent quality was excellent.
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Zloch, Jan, Magdalena Daria Vaverková, Dana Adamcová, Maja Radziemska, Tomáš Vyhnánek, Václav Trojan, Biljana Đorđević, and Martin Brtnický. "Seasonal Changes and Toxic Potency of Landfill Leachate for White Mustard (Sinapis alba L.)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 1 (2018): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010235.
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Landfills are the most broadly used methods for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW). Leachate can be contaminated with pollutants that may pose a threat to the landfill surrounding namely soil, groundwater and surface waters.. Examination of leachate composition is determinative in long-term impact of landfills on the environment and human health. Moreover, it is essential to assess such prior knowledge for prevention of negative outcomes. The evaluation of the seasonal changes of landfill leachate and rainwater composition is presented in this paper. Research samples of leachate and rainwater were collected from February till June of 2017 (still ongoing) and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, series of trace elements, Subsequently the test of leachate toxicity for higher plants (Sinapis alba L.) was carried out. Up to now, the results do not indicate significant seasonal difference in landfill leachate composition, however the toxicity tests provided on Sinapis alba L. demonstrate that landfill leachates can present a significant source of contamination. This research can serve practical tools for evaluating quality and risk assessment for landfill leachate.
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Cheng, Hao, Ming La, and Jian Hua Xiong. "Research on Leachate Treatment Process Selection of Guangxi Municipal Solid Waste Plant." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 1013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.1013.
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Based on the research of municipal solid waste leachate treatment technology in China, aiming at several typical leachate treatment technologies in the Guangxi area, this paper has made analyses and studies. It has made comprehensive investigation of materials, and has obtained the final leachate treatment technology scheme applicable in the Guangxi area.
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Venkatesh Reddy, Chejarla, D. Shekhar Rao, and Ajay S. Kalamdhad. "Statistical modelling and assessment of landfill leachate emission from fresh municipal solid waste: A laboratory-scale anaerobic landfill simulation reactor study." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 10 (September 10, 2020): 1161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20954280.
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Quantification, measurement of quality, post-treatment, and leachate control has been a significant problem due to the dumping of waste in an unscientific manner across the globe, and especially in developing countries like India. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the degradation of fresh mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) in an anaerobic landfill reactor operated with rainfall addition in laboratory conditions. Experiments were carried out in a landfill reactor of 1 m length × 1 m width × 1.1 m height. The reactor was simulated with 50 years weighted average actual rainfall rate of India. It contained the waste composition of 73% wet waste (food and kitchen) and 27% dry waste (paper, plastic, wood, textiles, and others). The leachate parameters were continually monitored for 39 weeks. In the fresh MSW landfill reactor it was evident that concentrations of leachate parameters were high initially, and there was a significant decrease in BOD5 (7041–39310 mg L−1), COD (15692–71630 mg L−1) and TS (9077–33200 mg L−1) in leachate. Therefore, rainfall had a direct influence on leachate quality. The developed first-order decay models were used for BOD5, COD, and total solids with adjusted R2 of 0.83, 0.92, and 0.96, respectively. Therefore, this model can be applied for leachate strength estimation at any given time from the period of deposition of waste under similar rainfall and waste compositions, and is largely applicable in India and tropical areas. This study is expected to be a good simulation for cities with the waste composition of high wet waste (>70%) as the estimations of important design parameters such as BOD5, COD, VFA, and NH4+-N were studied in this research. As the importance of moisture (precipitation) has been established in this study, some moisture additions can be designed in areas with low rainfall, such as arid zones.
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Krzystek, Liliana, Radosław Slezak, Anna Zieleniewska-Jastrzebska, and Stanisław Ledakowicz. "Kinetic approach and balancing of aerobic stabilization of solid wastes in lysimeters." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-008-0003-9.
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Kinetic approach and balancing of aerobic stabilization of solid wastes in lysimeters Forced aeration of old landfills by an in situ method causes enhanced reduction of leachate indices organic load, a decrease of greenhouse gases emitted to the atmosphere and waste stabilization. The aim of the research was an experimental simulation of aerobic stabilization on landfills carried out under different conditions of leachate recirculation in lysimeters. The results were used in balancing and the kinetic analysis of the organic substance degradation.
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Chynoweth, D. P., J. M. Owens, A. A. Teixeira, P. Pullammanappallil, and S. S. Luniya. "Anaerobic digestion of space mission wastes." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 8 (April 1, 2006): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.248.
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The technical feasibility of applying leachbed high-solids anaerobic digestion for reduction and stabilization of the organic fraction of solid wastes generated during space missions was investigated. This process has the advantages of not requiring oxygen or high temperature and pressure while producing methane, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and compost as valuable products. Anaerobic biochemical methane potential assays run on several waste feedstocks expected during space missions resulted in ultimate methane yields ranging from 0.23 to 0.30 L g-1 VS added. Modifications for operation of a leachbed anaerobic digestion process in space environments were incorporated into a new design, which included; (1) flooded operation to force leachate through densified feedstock beds; and (2) separation of biogas from leachate in a gas collection reservoir. This mode of operation resulted in stable performance with 85% conversion of a typical space solid waste blend, and a methane yield of 0.3 Lg per g VS added after a retention time of 15 days. These results were reproduced in a full-scale prototype system. A detailed analysis of this process was conducted to design the system sized for a space mission with a six-person crew. Anaerobic digestion compared favorably with other technologies for solid waste stabilization.
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Šourková, Markéta, Dana Adamcová, Jan Zloch, Zdzisław Skutnik, and Magdalena Daria Vaverková. "Evaluation of the Phytotoxicity of Leachate from a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill: The Case Study of Bukov Landfill." Environments 7, no. 12 (December 13, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7120111.
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Municipal solid waste landfilling, landfilling process and landfill reclamation result in leachate, which may be dangerous to the environment. Municipal solid waste leachate phytotoxicity tests were performed using the toxicity test and a subchronic toxicity pot experiment by direct application of leachate to reference soil in 5, 25, and 50% concentration for a period of 28 days. White mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds were exposed to different leachate dilution. Leachate were collected monthly in 2018 in the period from April to September. Furthermore, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen were measured. The inhibition results on Sinapis alba L. seeds in the tested leachate samples ranged from −18.02 to 39.03%. Lower concentration of leachate showed a stimulating effect (only for Sample 1 and Sample 2 at 5% concentration). It was found out that leachate taken at the landfill is phytotoxic. The results of measurements are based on rainfall which affects the quantity and quality of the leachate. The values of germinated seeds/growing plants from the subchronic toxicity pot experiment ranged from 80 to 104%; therefore, the leachate is considered phytotoxic. However, it was confirmed that leachate may be used for landfill irrigation.
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Gao, Ming, Menglu Wang, Chuanfu Wu, Xiaona Wang, Yufei Yang, Shu Liu, Takayuki Shimaoka, and Qunhui Wang. "Dechlorination of fly ash by hydrolysate of municipal solid waste leachate." RSC Advances 10, no. 44 (2020): 26397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra03113e.
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Arief Budihardjo, Mochamad, Purwono, and Annisa Selfi Nugraheni. "Analysis of Groundwater Quality Surrounding Municipal Solid Waste Landfill: Banyuurip Landfill, Magelang, Indonesia." MATEC Web of Conferences 159 (2018): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815901031.
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Banyuurip landfill generates leachate containing suspended and dissolved matter, including some heavy metals, a result of waste degradation and decomposition of organic materials. Leachate can infiltrate the soil then contaminate groundwater. Once the leachate infiltration reaches the soil and groundwater, it will contaminate the surrounding environment. In this study, the contamination of leachate into ground water was investigated by measuring the concentration of Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe) and Free Ammonia (NH3-N) in leachate and dug wells surrounding the landfill. The concentration of Mn, Fe and NH3-N in leachate was found to be 5.42 mg/L, 6.16 mg/L, and 1652 mg/L, respectively. The concentration in the surrounding dug wells located within 500 m from the landfill varied from 0.00 – 0.86 mg/L for free ammonia, 0.00 – 0.31 mg/L for total Fe, and 0.00 – 0.26 mg/L for total Mn. The concentration of Mn, Fe and NH3-N decrease with increasing distance between the landfill and wells.