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Journal articles on the topic 'Solid State Reaction Mechanism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2023

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1

BANDO, Yoshichika. "Crystal Orientation Relationships and Reaction Mechanism in Solid State Reaction." Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan 24, no. 4 (1995): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/gkk1952.24.235.

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2

Tang, Tao, Huo Gen Huang, and De Li Luo. "Solid-State Reaction Synthesis and Mechanism of Lithium Silicates." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2006.

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Lithium-based ceramics have been recognized as promising tritium breeding-materials for D-T fusion reactor blankets. Lithium silicates, Li4SiO4 and Li2SiO3, are recommended by many ITER research teams as the first selection for the solid tritium breeder. The solid-state reaction method is the most important way to synthesize lithium silicates. In present study, the processes of solid-sate reaction between amorphous silica and Li2CO3 powders was investigaed by TGA/DSC; the lithium silicate powders were synthesized at 700~900°C with different Li:Si molar ratio using solid-state reaction method. The optimized synthesis temperature and the solid-state reaction mechanism were derived on the base of experimental results.

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3

Utkin, Aleksei, Victor Lozanov, Anatoly Titov, and Natalya Baklanova. "Mechanism of solid-state reaction between iridium and tantalum." Materials Today: Proceedings 25 (2020): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.091.

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4

WEN, SHULIN. "MECHANISM OF SOLID STATE REACTION FROM 2212 TO 2223 IN BSCCO STUDIED BY HREM." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 08 (April 10, 1991): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991000721.

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Two mechanisms of solid state reaction from 2212 to 2223 in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O have been investigated and are elucidated in this paper. The first mechanism is related to nucleation of 2223 phase in a liquid matrix with the composition of Bi 2 SrCaCu 2 O +Ca 2 CuO 3+ CuO and subsequent growth. The second mechanism is related to intragrain reaction in which only two layers of atoms (a Ca layer and a CuO layer) are required to move into the 2212 structure forming the 2223 structure. To study the mechanisms of such a solid state reaction may be very important for the preparation of pure 2223 phase in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O .

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5

Yoo, Sehoon, Suliman A. Dregia, Sheikh A. Akbar, Helene Rick, and Kenneth H. Sandhage. "Kinetic mechanism of TiO2 nanocarving via reaction with hydrogen gas." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0225.

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Dense polycrystalline titania (TiO2, rutile) was converted into oriented arrays of single-crystal titania nanofibers by reaction with a noncombustible, hydrogen-bearing gas mixture at only 680–780 °C. Such nanofiber formation resulted from anisotropic etching (“nanocarving”) of the titania grains. The fibers possessed diameters of 20–50 nm and lengths of up to several microns, with the long fiber axes oriented parallel to the [001] crystallographic direction of rutile. Mass spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy indicated that oxygen, but not titanium, was removed from the specimen during the reaction with hydrogen. The removal of substantial oxygen and solid volume from the reacting surfaces, without an appreciable change in the Ti:O ratio at such surfaces, was consistent with the solid-state diffusion of titanium cations from the surface into the bulk of the specimen. The reaction-induced weight loss followed a parabolic rate law, which was also consistent with a solid-state diffusion-controlled process.

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6

Abedi, Ali. "Investigation on solid-state polymerisation reaction mechanism of Nylon-6." Journal of Chemical Research 2006, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823406777411034.

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7

Gao, Lu, Wancheng Zhou, Fa Luo, and Dongmei Zhu. "Solid-State Reaction Mechanism and Deliquescence Phenomenon of K0.5Na0.5Nb0.7Al0.3O3 Ceramic." Journal of Electronic Materials 46, no. 10 (June 16, 2017): 5563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5647-x.

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8

Hayakawa, Kiyoshi, Kaoru Kawase, and Hiromi Yamakita. "On the reaction mechanism of gamma-ray solid-state copolymerization." Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23, no. 11 (November 1985): 2739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170231102.

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9

Hesse, D., and P. Werner. "The Interface Structure during Solid State Reactions and Its Influence on Reaction Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism." Materials Science Forum 207-209 (February 1996): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.207-209.185.

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10

Choi, Thomas, Deniz Cizmeciyan, Saeed I. Khan, and Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay. "An Efficient Solid-to-Solid Reaction via a Steady-State Phase Separation Mechanism." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 51 (December 1995): 12893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00156a041.

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11

Lu, Chung-Hsin, and Lee Wei-Cheng. "Reaction mechanism and kinetics analysis of lithium nickel oxide during solid-state reaction." Journal of Materials Chemistry 10, no. 6 (2000): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a909130k.

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12

Veljkovic, I., D. Poleti, Lj Karanovic, M. Zdujic, and G. Brankovic. "Solid state synthesis of extra phase-pure Li4Ti5O12 spinel." Science of Sintering 43, no. 3 (2011): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1103343v.

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Extra phase-pure Li4Ti5O12 spinel with particle sizes less than 500 nm was synthesized by solid state reaction of mechanochemicaly activated mixture of nano anatase and Li2CO3 for a very short annealing time, 4 h at 800?C. Structural and microstructural properties, the mechanism of solid state reaction between anatase and Li2CO3 as well as thermal stability of prepared spinel were investigated using XRPD, SEM and TG/DSC analysis. The mechanism of reaction implies decomposition of Li2CO3 below 250?C, formation of monoclinic Li2TiO3 as intermediate product between 400 and 600?C and its transformation to Li4Ti5O12 between 600-800?C. The spinel structure is stable up to 1000?C when it is decomposed due to Li2O evaporation.

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13

Perrin, Kévin, David Chiche, Javier Perez-Pellitero, Olivier Politano, and Sébastien Chevalier. "Investigation of Solid State Diffusion Processes Involved in the Zinc Oxide Sulfidation Reaction." Diffusion Foundations 9 (October 2016): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/df.9.100.

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Sulfidation of undoped and aluminum doped zinc oxide materials has been performed by TGA under a H2S atmosphere in order to evaluate the impact of the doping element on sulfidation reaction kinetics and mechanism. The presence of aluminum seems to slow-down the reaction kinetics. This phenomenon might be explained by a modification of the solid state diffusion processes involved in ZnO sulfidation reaction and the related ZnS outward growth, assuming the presence of aluminum atoms inside ZnO and ZnS phases. In order to determine solid state diffusion mechanisms controlling the reaction kinetics, molecular dynamics simulations were performed using a Coulomb-Buckingham potential. Firstly, the diffusion of the different elements (Zn, O, S) was simulated for both the oxide and sulfide phases considering a vacancy mechanism. Secondly, simulations of the oxide phase doped by a trivalent cation were also performed. The results obtained in this preliminary work are presented and compared to the literature.

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14

Zhang, Xiaolong, and Zheng Zhong. "Thermo-Chemo-Elasticity Considering Solid State Reaction and the Displacement Potential Approach to Quasi-Static Chemo-Mechanical Problems." International Journal of Applied Mechanics 10, no. 10 (December 2018): 1850112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1758825118501120.

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Engineering materials and structures represent complex behaviors when reacting to superposed influences of mechanical forces, high temperature, diffusion and reaction of chemicals, which could cause large internal stresses and further induce cracks or failure. To determine the material reliability and integrity, the multi-field interactions and stresses/strains evolutions need to be identified at first. We proposed a theory of thermo-chemo-elasticity considering solid state reactions between the solid phase and absorbed chemicals in a stressed-solid. Both diffusion–reaction induced chemical strains and thermal dilations are taken into account as functions of species concentration, reaction extent and temperature. The fully coupled conservation laws, constitutive equations and chemical kinetics are formulated for the initial-boundary problem. For isotropic solids, we developed a displacement potential approach for steady-state 3D problems of thermo-chemo-elasticity. Solutions can be found from particular solutions of displacement potential and homogeneous solution of thermo-chemo Lamé equation. This approach is also available for transient chemo-mechanical problems in thermal equilibrium providing that quasi-static conditions are introduced. We exemplified the model with a reaction-dominated problem of a core–shell structure subjected to chemo-mechanical loading and the results demonstrate the capability of the model in dealing with comprehensive influences of solid state reaction and species diffusion on solids.

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15

Kitaura, Hirokazu, and Haoshen Zhou. "Reaction and degradation mechanism in all-solid-state lithium–air batteries." Chemical Communications 51, no. 99 (2015): 17560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc07884a.

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16

Banerjee, Sourim, Bairav Sabarish Vishnugopi, Kaustubh Girish Naik, and Partha P. Mukherjee. "Mechanism of Void Formation in Lithium Metal Solid-State Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024383mtgabs.

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Solid-state batteries (SSBs) with lithium metal anodes promise higher energy and power density over conventional lithium-ion batteries. But the development of SSBs faces fundamental challenges related to the electro-chemo-mechanics and stability of solid-solid interfaces. Among these, the formation and growth of voids at the lithium metal-solid electrolyte interface during stripping persists to be a major limitation. In this work, we analyze the nature of metal electro-dissolution and its critical implication on the evolution of solid-solid point contacts. The competing nature of lithium self-diffusion, reaction kinetics and ionic transport at the solid-solid interface, dependent on factors such as temperature and surface roughness are examined. Hotspots in the dissolution morphologies are identified and systematically connected to the electrochemical signature and onset of failure in SSBs.

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17

Martin, D. J., L. G. A. Potts, and V. A. Heslop. "Reaction Mechanisms in Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, no. 3 (May 2003): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758203765639870.

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18

Martin, D. J., L. G. A. Potts, and V. A. Heslop. "Reaction Mechanisms in Solid-State Anaerobic Digestion." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 81, no. 3 (May 2003): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/095758203765639889.

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19

Sedlacek, Arthur J., and Charles A. Wight. "Photochemical Chain Reactions in Amorphous Solids." Laser Chemistry 9, no. 1-3 (January 1, 1988): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/lc.9.155.

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In this article, we review recent work in the authors' laboratory on the subject of free radical chain reactions of chlorine with small hydrocarbons in amorphous solids. The solids are formed as thin films by spray deposition of the gaseous reagents onto a cryogenic window. Reactions are initiated by excimer laser photolysis at 308 nm, which dissociates a small fraction of the chlorine molecules to atoms. Product yields and branching ratios are determined by infrared absorption spectroscopy. Reactions of chlorine with cyclopropane or cyclobutane proceed by true chain reactions, as evidenced by high product quantum yields (number of product molecules formed per laser photon absorbed by the sample). Measurements of the dependence of the product yield on the relative concentrations of chlorine and hydrocarbon provide clues to the reaction mechanism in the solid state. The cyclobutane reaction appears to involve H atom transfer from cyclobutane to cyclobutyl radical as an intermediate step in the overall reaction. Reaction of chlorine with propane, n-butane, or isobutane does not appear to involve chain propagation and is dominated by radical recombination processes which result in low quantum yields. All of these results are discussed in terms of reactions which occur in a solid state environment where molecular motion is severely restricted.

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20

Yamazoe, Seiji, Takuya Kawawaki, Kengo Shibata, Kazuo Kato, and Takahiro Wada. "Synthetic Mechanism of Perovskite-Type KNbO3by Modified Solid-State Reaction Process." Chemistry of Materials 23, no. 20 (October 25, 2011): 4498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm2016966.

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21

Lu, Chung-Hsin, and Po-Chi Wu. "Reaction mechanism and kinetic analysis of the formation of Sr2SiO4 via solid-state reaction." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 466, no. 1-2 (October 2008): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.11.066.

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22

Suenaga, Seiichi, Miho Koyama, Shinji Arai, and Masako Nakahashi. "Solid-state reactions of the Ag–Cu–Ti thin film–Al2O3 substrate system." Journal of Materials Research 8, no. 8 (August 1993): 1805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1993.1805.

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A new interpretation of the reaction mechanism between active metal thin-film filler and ceramic substrate is proposed. The authors predict the possibility of prebonding reactions, prior to melting of the filler, at the interface of the system described above. To prove this, solid-state reactions of Ag–Cu–Ti thin films on sapphire substrates have been studied with Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Reaction process and products have been clarified at the temperature just below the melting point of the filler. It is evident that Cu3Ti3O (diamond structure of Fd3m) is formed by the reaction between Cu3Ti and O which results from the reduction of sapphire. It seems that Cu3Ti3O contributes to bonding between metals and sapphire as an intermediate phase.

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23

Pomerantsev, Alexey L., Alla V. Kutsenova, and Oxana Ye Rodionova. "Kinetic analysis of non-isothermal solid-state reactions: multi-stage modeling without assumptions in the reaction mechanism." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 5 (2017): 3606–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07529k.

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24

Chou, T. C. "Anomalous solid state reaction between SiC and Pt." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 3 (March 1990): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.0601.

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Periodic structures are generated by solid state reaction between platinum (Pt) and silicon carbide (SiC). At temperatures above 900°C, periodic structures consisting of alternating layers of platinum silicides and carbon are produced in the diffusion zone. The composition profile across the diffusion zone and the chemistry of the periodic structures are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning Auger microscopy (SAM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and laser Raman microprobe. The formation of the platinum silicides causes an interfacial melting between Pt and SiC. X-ray diffraction indicates that Pt3Si is formed at 900°C, while Pt2Si is formed at 1000 °C. Laser Raman spectroscopy indicates that carbon is in either an amorphous state or a highly ordered graphitic state, depending upon its location from the reaction interface. The mechanism of formation of the periodic structure is discussed in terms of the solubility of carbon in platinum silicide during the solidification process.

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25

Kaupp, Gerd. "Solid-state photochemistry: new approaches based on new mechanistic insights." International Journal of Photoenergy 3, no. 2 (2001): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x01000071.

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The application of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to solid-state photodimerizations revealed previously unexpected long-range molecular movements in the initial stages (phase rebuilding) and in the final stages (phase transformation and disintegration) of reaction. The consequences for the new understanding of solid-state photochemistry are discussed. The 4.2 Å criterion of organic topochemistry lacks a real basis and is not applicable to regular photolyses, even under tail irradiation conditions for instance ofα-cinnamic acid or inE/Z-isomerizations in the crystal bulk. The experimental observation of molecular movements in reacting crystals requires more elaborate use of X-ray structural data by invoking the molecular packing. If a crystal keeps its outer form upon photolysis this does not necessarily indicate a topotactic transformation, and submicroscopically resolved AFM investigations are in order. The applications of molecular movements or non-photoreactivities due to the prevention of movements by 3D-interlocked packing have numerous applications. Thus, amorphous solids or inclusion compounds may enable the movements in these cases. Hitherto puzzlingE/Z-photoisomerizations in the crystalline state can now be mechanistically understood. In some cases even rotational mechanisms can be modelled in combination with the movements. In others the space saving twist mechanism is the only choice. The benefits of the new solid-state mechanisms for crystal engineering, photochromism, mixed crystals, absolute asymmetric syntheses, and preparative photochemistry derive from its experimental basis. Numerous presumed puzzles from the postulate of minimal atomic and molecular movement vanish in a straightforward manner.

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26

Wang, Wei Dong, and Tetsuro Shimo. "Solid-State Photocycloaddition Reactions of Tri-2-Pyrones with Benzophenone." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.796.

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Solid-state photocycloaddition reactions between tri-2-pyrones (1a,1b) with benzophenone (2) gave the corresponding oxetane derivatives (3a:3a′=1:1 and 3b:3b′=1:1, 1:2 adducts) with high site- and regioselectivity across the C5-C6 , C5′-C6′ and C5′′-C6′′ double bonds in 1 via the triplet excited state of 2. The site- and regioselectivities were explained by MO calculations. The hydrogen-bonding interaction between 2 and 1a, 1b and the triplet reaction mechanism were also explained by the IR analyses and the quenching experiments, respectively.

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27

Lu, Xiang, and Wen Chen. "Solid-state reaction mechanism of columbite-to-pyrochlore conversion at different temperature." Metallurgical Research & Technology 119, no. 6 (2022): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2022090.

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Columbite-to-pyrochlore conversion is proposed to enhance the difference of physicochemical properties between niobium minerals and gangue minerals with the aim of improving the niobium minerals processing of Bayan Obo deposit. Columbite mixed NaF and CaCO3 could be converted into pyrochlore. Gibbs free energies of the conversions were calculated by two-parameter model. The reaction mechanism was clarified through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersion spectrometer. Oxygen benefited the conversion because FeO, by-product of the reaction is oxidized into Fe2O3, releasing a large amount of heat. Experimental results indicated that NaF reacted with CaCO3 before columbite conversion. Columbite-to-NaNbO3 conversion was dominant as sintering temperature was from 873 K to 973 K. Columbite-to-pyrochlore conversion dominated with the temperature increasing to 1073 K although the reaction occurred at 973 K. Therefore, Columbite-to-pyrochlore conversion preferred to occur when columbite mixtures were placed into the tubular furnace with a temperature of 1073 K directly.

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28

LI, Shen-Hui, Jing LI, An-Min ZHENG, and Feng DENG. "Solid-State NMR Characterization of the Structure and Catalytic Reaction Mechanism of Solid Acid Catalysts." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 33, no. 2 (2017): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb201611022.

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29

Prisacariu, Cristina, and Ion Agherghinei. "REACTIONS IN SOLID STATE WITHIN POLYURETHANES. KINETICS AND POSTCURE REACTION MECHANISM IN CASTING POLYURETHANE ELASTOMERS." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 37, no. 7 (June 22, 2000): 785–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ma-100101123.

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30

Tarantino, Serena, Paolo Ghigna, Elisabetta Achilli, Sonia Pin, Michele Zema, and Giorgio Spinolo. "Early stages of solid state reactions: insights from micro-XRD and XAS." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314084800.

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The mechanism of a solid state reaction in its early stages can be explored by investigating the time evolution of a model reactive system made of a thin layer of one reagent deposited onto a single crystal slab of the other reagent. Insights can be retrieved by comparing results at both local and long length scales obtained with films of different thicknesses and deposited onto different crystal orientations. In particular, reaction between ZnO and Al2O3has been chosen, as the spinel-forming reactions have been and still remain a model experimental system for investigating solid state reactions and because in the ZnO/Al2O3phase diagram, spinel is the only stable compound. The reaction initial steps have been investigated by using synchrotron X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Zn-K edge starting from zincite films deposited onto (110)-, (012)-, (001)-oriented corundum single crystals [1,2]. The reaction eventually yields ZnAl2O4spinel but via a complex mechanism involving side and intermediate non-equilibrium compounds that do not appear in the equilibrium phase diagram of the pseudo-binary system. Spinel, when occurs, is polycrystalline at the end but initially forms with a few preferred orientations. Intermediate phases form before and in parallel with the growth of the spinel. Their number, composition, structure and kinetic role strongly depend on substrate orientation and film thickness. A more detailed understanding of the reactivity can be inferred by comparing EXAFS results to those of grazing incidence diffraction experiments of the films deposited on the (001) face of Al2O3and heat-treated at 10000C for different lengths of time. Information on the structure of the intermediate phases is given and results are discussed by comparing different films thickness to clarify the role of interfacial free energy and crystallographic orientation.

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31

Zhao, Yangyang, Jiuyong Li, Ranfeng Qiu, and Hongxin Shi. "Growth Characterization of Intermetallic Compound at the Ti/Al Solid State Interface." Materials 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030472.

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Ti-Al diffusion couples, prepared by resistance spot welding, were annealed up to 112 hours at 823, 848, and 873 K in ambient atmosphere. The interfacial microstructure was observed and analyzed using SEM and TEM. The growth characterization of intermetallic compound formed at the Ti/Al solid state interface was investigated. Only TiAl3 phase was detected in the interfacial zone, and its growth was governed by reaction-controlled mechanism in the previous period and by diffusion-controlled mechanism in the latter period. The activation energies were 198019 and 122770 J/mol for reaction-controlled and diffusion-controlled mechanism, respectively.

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32

Ma, Liping, Ping Ning, Shaocong Zheng, Xuekui Niu, Wei Zhang, and Yalei Du. "Reaction Mechanism and Kinetic Analysis of the Decomposition of Phosphogypsum via a Solid-State Reaction." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49, no. 8 (April 21, 2010): 3597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie901950y.

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33

Pan, Zhaoke, Jinhua Wang, and Guizhai Zhang. "Sintering Mechanism of silicon from K2SiF6-Al." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 03045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016503045.

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In order to clarify the reaction process of Si phase, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), as the main measurement, was used to prepare Si samples and monitor the sintering reaction process. Combined with X-ray diffraction analysis, the formation process of Si phase was summarized. The reaction between K2SiF6 and Al powders occurred at 580°C, but not completed until 660°C. The whole formation process of Si includes two different stages: One is the solid–solid reaction stage, the other is the solid–liquid reaction stage.

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34

Feng, Jicai, Masaaki Naka, and J. C. Schuster. "Reaction Mechanism between SiC Ceramic and Ti Foil in Solid State Bonding." Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals 59, no. 9 (1995): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/jinstmet1952.59.9_978.

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35

Lau, H. W., O. K. Tan, and D. A. Trigg. "Charge injection and tunneling mechanism of solid state reaction silicon nanocrystal film." Applied Physics Letters 89, no. 11 (September 11, 2006): 113119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2345257.

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36

Geng, Hongxia, Kai Chen, Di Yi, Ao Mei, Mian Huang, Yuanhua Lin, and Cewen Nan. "Formation Mechanism of Garnet-Like Li7La3Zr2O12 Powder Prepared by Solid State Reaction." Rare Metal Materials and Engineering 45, no. 3 (March 2016): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1875-5372(16)30081-9.

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37

CAMMENGA, H., S. SARGE, and S. ELIGEHAUSEN. "A detailed study of the mechanism of an organic solid state reaction." Solid State Ionics 32-33 (February 1989): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(89)90275-0.

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38

Jiang, Juan, Danhua Fang, Chao Lu, Zhanming Dou, Gan Wang, Fan Zhang, and Tianjin Zhang. "Solid-state reaction mechanism and microwave dielectric properties of CaTiO3–LaAlO3 ceramics." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 638 (July 2015): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.03.073.

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39

Mian-Zeng Su, Ji Zhou, and Kui-Su Shao. "Reaction mechanism for the solid state synthesis of LaPO4:Ce,Tb phosphor." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 207-208 (June 1994): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)90250-x.

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40

Wang, Kangguo, Huanfu Zhou, Wendong Sun, Xiuli Chen, and Hong Ruan. "Solid-state reaction mechanism and microwave dielectric properties of 0.95MgTiO3–0.05CaTiO3 ceramics." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 29, no. 3 (October 25, 2017): 2001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8111-z.

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41

Chou, T. C., and T. G. Nieh. "Solid state reactions between Ni3Al and SiC." Journal of Materials Research 5, no. 9 (September 1990): 1985–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.1985.

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Solid state reactions between SiC and Ni3Al were studied at 1000°C for different times. Multi-reaction-layers were generated in the interdiffusion zone. Cross-sectional views of the reaction zones show the presence of three distinguishable layers. The Ni3Al terminal component is followed by NiAl, Ni5.4Al1Si2, Ni(5.4−x)Al1Si2 + C layers, and the SiC terminal component. The Ni5.4Al1Si2 layer shows carbon precipitation free, while modulated carbon bands were formed in the Ni(5.4−x)Al1Si2 + C layer. The NiAl layer shows dramatic contrast difference with respect to the Ni3Al and Ni5.4Al1Si2 layers, and is bounded by the Ni3Al/NiAl and Ni5.4Al1Si2/NiAl phase boundaries. The kinetics of the NiAl formation is limited by diffusion, and the growth rate constant is measured to be 2 ⊠ 10−10 cm2/s. The thickness of the reaction zone on the SiC side is always thinner than that on the Ni3Al side and no parabolic growth rate is obeyed, suggesting that the decomposition of the SiC may be a rate limiting step for the SiC/Ni3Al reactions. The carbon precipitates were found to exist in either a disordered or partially ordered (graphitic) state, depending upon their locations from the SiC interface. The formation of NiAl phase is discussed based on an Al-rejection model, as a result of a prior formation of Ni–Al–Si ternary phase. A thermodynamic driving force for the SiC/Ni3Al reactions is suggested.

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42

Khorasani, Sanaz, and Manuel Fernandes. "Cooperativity in the Reaction of 9-Methylanthracene With a 1,4-Dithiin Molecule." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331409086x.

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Solid-state chemistry involves the manipulation of molecules and materials through photochemical, thermal, or mechanical reaction methods. Single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) reactions are rare, but offer the opportunity to study reaction mechanisms and molecular motions in the solid state at the atomic level using single crystal X-ray diffraction. This allows the effect of the surrounding molecules, and hence the reaction cavity, on the reacting molecules to be examined which may ultimately lead to postcrystallization methods for creating new materials or reaction products that cannot easily be obtained via solution. SCSC reactions involving two different molecules are relatively uncommon. A convenient system that allows the study of such reactions is the [4+2] Diels-Alder reaction of 1,4-dithiintetracarboxylic type compounds with anthracene derivatives. In the work reported here, electron donor to acceptor interactions between 9-Methylanthracene and bis(N-cyclobutylimino)-1,4-dithiin lead to the formation of chiral charge transfer (CT) crystals [1]. These undergo a topochemical thermal SCSC [4 + 2] Diels-Alder reaction in the solid state. CT crystals were reacted at 400C, their structures determined by X-ray diffraction at various degrees of conversion, and examined using Hirshfeld surfaces and lattice energy calculations to find evidence of reaction cooperativity and feedback mechanisms. In this case, a maximum reaction conversion of around 96% was obtained indicating that the reaction is non-random within the charge transfer stacks, with close contacts between product molecules in the reacted crystal also providing some evidence for reaction cooperativity along the b axis perpendicular to the CT stacking axis.

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43

Cao, You Dong, Jin Hu, Hua Tang, Yu Tian Wang, and Wei Jun Zhang. "Fabrication and XRD Study of Lithium Silicate by Solid-State Reaction." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.213.

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At present, solid-state reaction, precipitation method and sol-gel method are applied to fabricate lithium silicate. Solid-state reaction has the advantage of short reaction time, simple process and less impurity phase in comparison with other method. So in this paper fabrication of lithium silicate by solid-state reaction was investigated systematically. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and XRD analysis were carried out systematically in this paper. The reaction process and mechanism at different temperatures and the effects of the reaction temperature, Li:Si molar ratio and heat preservation time on the lithium silicate phase were discussed. Experimental results showed that the mixture were sintered at 900°C for 2h, there would have relatively high content of lithium silicate phase. And reunion is not serious that is benefit of grinding. While the Li:Si molar ratio was 4:1, there would have relatively high content of lithium silicate phase. While the Li:Si molar ratio was 5:1, the lithium silicate phase was severely agglomerated.

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44

Chou, T. C., and A. Joshi. "Solid state interfacial reactions of Ti3Al with Si3N4 and SiC." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 5 (May 1992): 1253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1253.

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Solid state interfacial reactions of Ti3Al with Si3N4 and SiC have been studied via both bulk and thin film diffusion couples at temperatures of 1000 and 1200 °C. The nature of reactions of Ti3Al with Si3N4 and SiC was found to be similar. Only limited reactions were detected in samples reacted at 1000 °C. In the Ti3Al/Si3N4, layered reaction products consisting of mainly titanium silicide(s), titanium-silicon-aluminide, and titanium-silicon-nitride were formed; in the Ti3Al/SiC, the reaction product was primarily titanium-silicon-carbide. In both cases, silicon was enriched near the surface region, and aluminum was depleted from the reacted region. Reactions at 1200 °C resulted in a drastic change of the Si distribution profiles; the enrichment of Si in near surface regions was no longer observed, and the depletion of Al became more extensive. Titanium nitride and titanium-silicon-carbide were the major reaction products in the Ti3Al/Si3N4 and Ti3Al/SiC reactions, respectively. Mechanisms of driving the variation of Si, N, and C diffusion behavior (as a function of temperature) and the depletion of Al from the diffusion zone are suggested. It is proposed that reactions of Ti3Al with Si3N4 and SiC lead to in situ formation of a diffusion barrier, which limits the diffusion kinetics and further reaction. The thermodynamic driving force for the Ti3Al/Si3N4 reactions is discussed on the basis of Gibbs free energy.

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45

Ariyoshi, Kingo, Kazuki Yuzawa, and Yusuke Yamada. "Reaction Mechanism and Kinetic Analysis of the Solid-State Reaction to Synthesize Single-Phase Li2Co2O4 Spinel." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, no. 15 (March 22, 2020): 8170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c01115.

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46

Galwey, Andrew K. "Thermal reactions involving solids: a personal view of selected features of decompositions, thermal analysis and heterogeneous catalysis." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 142, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 1123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09461-w.

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Abstract Convinced that some recent trends in the literature concerned with reactions involving solids have been unproductive, even discouraging interest in the subject, this reviewer analyses the reasons and charts a way forward. In particular, two topics are discussed: thermal analysis and activation energy. Thermal analysis, automated collection and interpretation of kinetic data for solid(?)-state decompositions, resulted in huge numbers of publications between late 1970s and 2010. Measurements were frequently minimalistic (few, often no, confirmatory tests complemented rate data). Kinetic data interpretations were based on the Arrhenius activation model, inapplicable to these assumed, usually unconfirmed, solid-state(?) reactions. Energy distributions within crystalline reactants differ from those of ‘free-flying’ gaseous reactants, and thus, mechanistic proposals are entirely speculative. Such studies yielded little more than the reaction temperature: no meaningful insights into reaction chemistry, controls, mechanisms. Despite my several highly critical articles, these inconsequential studies continued. Overall, this now sidelined topic impacted adversely on solid-state chemistry, activation energy, E. Concurrently with the above studies, L'vov published a theoretical explanation for the magnitude of E: the Congruent Dissociative Volatilisation (CDV), thermochemical approach. This was also ignored by the ‘Thermoanalytical Community’, possibly because it assumes an initial volatilisation step: it appears that many solid-state scientists are prejudiced against mechanisms involving a phase change. The value of this novel theory (CDV) in identifying controls and mechanisms of solid-state reactions is discussed here. This review is positive: an interesting branch of main-stream chemistry remains open for exploration, expansion, explanation and exploitation!

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Hamrit, Fareh, Rabiaa Chtourou, Djedid Taloub, Imen Gharbi, and Abderrazek Oueslati. "Synthesis, morphological, electrical, and conduction mechanism studies of a sodium cerium diphosphate compound." RSC Advances 13, no. 22 (2023): 15356–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra02231e.

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48

Arai, Yoshifusa, Yoshiaki Ohgo, and Seiji Takeuchi. "Mechanism of Solid-State Racemization for Optically Active Alkyl Cobaloxime Complexes — Synthesis and Solid-State Reaction of Deuterium-Labeled Complexes." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 277, no. 1 (February 1996): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587259608046026.

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49

Jiang, Jin He. "Study of an Inorganic Ion Exchanger LiMn_1.25O₃." Advanced Materials Research 842 (November 2013): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.842.263.

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[LiMn1.25O3] was prepared by a solid state reaction crystallization method. And it was a spinel-type metal compound. The solid state reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The acid treated samples had an ion exchange capacity of 4.0mmol/g for Li+.

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50

Zhang, Xinghua, Xiaobo Jia, Hui Liu, Zunming Lu, Xiaokai Ma, Fanbin Meng, Jianling Zhao, and Chengchun Tang. "Spectral properties and luminescence mechanism of red emitting BCNO phosphors." RSC Advances 5, no. 51 (2015): 40864–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07054f.

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