Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solid State Reaction Mechanism

Academic literature on the topic 'Solid State Reaction Mechanism'

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Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Solid State Reaction Mechanism"

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BANDO, Yoshichika. "Crystal Orientation Relationships and Reaction Mechanism in Solid State Reaction." Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan 24, no. 4 (1995): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2465/gkk1952.24.235.

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Tang, Tao, Huo Gen Huang, and De Li Luo. "Solid-State Reaction Synthesis and Mechanism of Lithium Silicates." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 2006–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.2006.

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Lithium-based ceramics have been recognized as promising tritium breeding-materials for D-T fusion reactor blankets. Lithium silicates, Li4SiO4 and Li2SiO3, are recommended by many ITER research teams as the first selection for the solid tritium breeder. The solid-state reaction method is the most important way to synthesize lithium silicates. In present study, the processes of solid-sate reaction between amorphous silica and Li2CO3 powders was investigaed by TGA/DSC; the lithium silicate powders were synthesized at 700~900°C with different Li:Si molar ratio using solid-state reaction method. The optimized synthesis temperature and the solid-state reaction mechanism were derived on the base of experimental results.
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Utkin, Aleksei, Victor Lozanov, Anatoly Titov, and Natalya Baklanova. "Mechanism of solid-state reaction between iridium and tantalum." Materials Today: Proceedings 25 (2020): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.091.

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WEN, SHULIN. "MECHANISM OF SOLID STATE REACTION FROM 2212 TO 2223 IN BSCCO STUDIED BY HREM." Modern Physics Letters B 05, no. 08 (April 10, 1991): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984991000721.

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Two mechanisms of solid state reaction from 2212 to 2223 in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O have been investigated and are elucidated in this paper. The first mechanism is related to nucleation of 2223 phase in a liquid matrix with the composition of Bi 2 SrCaCu 2 O +Ca 2 CuO 3+ CuO and subsequent growth. The second mechanism is related to intragrain reaction in which only two layers of atoms (a Ca layer and a CuO layer) are required to move into the 2212 structure forming the 2223 structure. To study the mechanisms of such a solid state reaction may be very important for the preparation of pure 2223 phase in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O .
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Yoo, Sehoon, Suliman A. Dregia, Sheikh A. Akbar, Helene Rick, and Kenneth H. Sandhage. "Kinetic mechanism of TiO2 nanocarving via reaction with hydrogen gas." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 1822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0225.

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Dense polycrystalline titania (TiO2, rutile) was converted into oriented arrays of single-crystal titania nanofibers by reaction with a noncombustible, hydrogen-bearing gas mixture at only 680–780 °C. Such nanofiber formation resulted from anisotropic etching (“nanocarving”) of the titania grains. The fibers possessed diameters of 20–50 nm and lengths of up to several microns, with the long fiber axes oriented parallel to the [001] crystallographic direction of rutile. Mass spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy indicated that oxygen, but not titanium, was removed from the specimen during the reaction with hydrogen. The removal of substantial oxygen and solid volume from the reacting surfaces, without an appreciable change in the Ti:O ratio at such surfaces, was consistent with the solid-state diffusion of titanium cations from the surface into the bulk of the specimen. The reaction-induced weight loss followed a parabolic rate law, which was also consistent with a solid-state diffusion-controlled process.
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Abedi, Ali. "Investigation on solid-state polymerisation reaction mechanism of Nylon-6." Journal of Chemical Research 2006, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823406777411034.

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Gao, Lu, Wancheng Zhou, Fa Luo, and Dongmei Zhu. "Solid-State Reaction Mechanism and Deliquescence Phenomenon of K0.5Na0.5Nb0.7Al0.3O3 Ceramic." Journal of Electronic Materials 46, no. 10 (June 16, 2017): 5563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5647-x.

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Hayakawa, Kiyoshi, Kaoru Kawase, and Hiromi Yamakita. "On the reaction mechanism of gamma-ray solid-state copolymerization." Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 23, no. 11 (November 1985): 2739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.170231102.

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Hesse, D., and P. Werner. "The Interface Structure during Solid State Reactions and Its Influence on Reaction Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism." Materials Science Forum 207-209 (February 1996): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.207-209.185.

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Choi, Thomas, Deniz Cizmeciyan, Saeed I. Khan, and Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay. "An Efficient Solid-to-Solid Reaction via a Steady-State Phase Separation Mechanism." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 51 (December 1995): 12893–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00156a041.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solid State Reaction Mechanism"

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Ina, Toshiaki. "Study on Cathodic Reaction Mechanism of All Solid State Electrochemical Devices." Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157658.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第16947号
人博第590号
新制||人||141(附属図書館)
23||人博||590(吉田南総合図書館)
29622
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 杉山 雅人, 教授 田部 勢津久, 准教授 藤原 直樹, 准教授 雨澤 浩史
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Fitzgerald, Emma T. "Studies of surface reaction mechanisms for chemical beam epitaxial growth." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317723.

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French, Catherine Louise. "Surface science investigations of reaction mechanisms in semiconductor growth and etching." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305988.

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Williams, Robert Earl Jr. "Simulation and Characterization of Cathode Reactions in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16309.

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In this study, we have developed a dense La0.85Sr0.15MnO3-δ (LSM) Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (GDC) composite electrode system for studying the surface modification of cathodes. The LSM and GDC grains in the composite were well defined and distinguished using energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The specific three-phase boundary (TPB) length per unit electrode surface area was systematically controlled by adjusting the LSM to GDC volume ratio of the composite from 40% up to 70%. The TPB length for each tested sample was determined through stereological techniques and used to correlate the cell performance and degradation with the specific TPB length per unit surface area. An overlapping spheres percolation model was developed to estimate the activity of the TPB lines on the surface of the dense composite electrodes developed. The model suggested that the majority of the TPB lines would be active and the length of those lines maximized if the volume percent of the electrolyte material was kept in the range of 47 57%. Additionally, other insights into the processing conditions to maximize the amount of active TPB length were garnered from both the stereology calculations and the percolation simulations. Steady-state current voltage measurements as well as electrochemical impedance measurements on numerous samples under various environmental conditions were completed. The apparent activation energy for the reduction reaction was found to lie somewhere between 31 kJ/mol and 41 kJ/mol depending upon the experimental conditions. The exchange current density was found to vary with the partial pressure of oxygen differently over two separate regions. At relatively low partial pressures, i0 had an approximately dependence and at relatively high partial pressures, i0 had an approximately dependence. This led to the conclusion that a change in the rate limiting step occurs over this range. A method for deriving the electrochemical properties from proposed reaction mechanisms was also presented. State-space modeling was used as it is a robust approach to addressing these particular types of problems due to its relative ease of implementation and ability to efficiently handle large systems of differential algebraic equations. This method combined theoretical development with experimental results obtained previously to predict the electrochemical performance data. The simulations agreed well the experimental data and allowed for testing of operating conditions not easily reproducible in the lab (e.g. precise control and differentiation of low oxygen partial pressures).
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Murrell, M. P. "A study of the oxidation mechanisms of silicon, using nuclear reaction analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293545.

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Levoguer, Carl Louis. "An investigation of surface reaction mechanisms during thin film growth of compound semiconductors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260715.

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Xiao, Yao. "Analysis for reaction mechanism of cathode materials for lithium-sulfur batteries." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263747.

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京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第23286号
人博第1001号
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 田部 勢津久, 教授 高木 紀明
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Sarkar, Sujan K. "Reaction Mechanism and Detection of Elusive C, N, and O Centered Radicals and Intermediates in Solution and Solid State." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1448037904.

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Nagy, Péter. "Formation and Decomposition of Platinum–Thallium Bond, Kinetics and Mechanism. Structural Characterization of Some Metal Cyanides in the Solid State." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3803.

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The kinetic and mechanistic features of a new series ofplatinum-thallium cyano compounds containing a direct andunsupported by ligands metal-metal bond have been studied insolution, using standard mix–and–measurespectrophotometric technique and stopped–flow method.These reactions are interpreted as oxidative addition of the cspecies to the square planar Pt(CN)42-complex. Each of these processes was found to befirst-order in Pt(CN)42-, the corresponding TIIIIcomplex and a cyanide ion donating species whichacts as a catalyst. Both di- and trinuclear complexes werestudied, and the kinetically significant thallium complexes intheir formation and the catalytically active cyanide sourcesare as follows: [(CN)5PtTl(CN)3]3-: Tl(CN)4–(alkaline region), Tl(CN)3(slightly acidic region) and CN–; [(CN)5Pt–Tl(CN)]–: Tl(CN)2+and Tl(CN)2+; [(CN)5Pt–Tl–Pt(CN)5]3-: [(CN)5Pt–Tl(CN)]–and HCN. Appropriatemechanisms were postulated for the overall reactions in allcases, which include i) metal–metal bond formation stepand ii) coordination of an axial cyanide ion to the platinumcenter. Two experimentally indistinguishable kinetic modelswere proposed for the formation of the dinuclear complexeswhich are different in the sequence of the two steps. In thecase of the trinuclear complex, experimental evidence isavailable to exclude one of the alternative reaction paths, andit was proven that the metal–metal bond formation precedesthe axial cyanide coordination.

The cyanide ligands coordinated to TIIIIin the Pt–Tl complexes could be replacedsuccessfully with aminopolycarboxylates e.g.: mimda2-, nta3-, edta4-. The [(CN)5Pt–Tl(edta)]4-complex, with a direct metal–metal bond hasbeen prepared in solution by two different reactions: a)dissolution of [(CN)5Pt–Tl](s) in an aqueous solution of edta, b)directly from Pt(CN)42-and Tl(edta)(CN)2-. The decomposition reaction is greatlyaccelerated by cyanide and significantly inhibited by edta. Itproceeds through the [(CN)5Pt–Tl(CN)3]3-intermediate. The formation of [(CN)5Pt–Tl(edta)]4-can proceed via two different pathways dependingon the ratio of the cyanide to the edta ligand concentrations.The’direct path’at excess of edta means theformation of intermediate[(CN)4Pt···Tl(CN)(edta)]4-, followed by a release of the cyanide from theTl–centre followed by coordination of a cyanide from thebulk to the Pt–centre of the intermediate. The’indirect path’dominates in the absence of extraedta and the formation of the Pt–Tl bond occours betweenPt(CN)42-and Tl(CN)4–.

Homoligand MTl(CN)4(M = TlI, K, Na) and, for the first time, Tl(CN)3species have been synthesized in the solid stateand their structures solved by single crystal X–raydiffraction method. Interesting redox processes have been foundbetween TIIIIand CN–in non–aqueous solution and in Tl2O3-CN–aqueous suspension. In the crystal structureof Tl(CN)3·H2O, the thallium(III) ion has a trigonal bypiramidalcoordination geometry with three cyanides in the trigonalplane, while an oxygen atom of the water molecule and anitrogen atom from a cyanide ligand attached to a neighboringthallium complex, form a linear O–Tl–N fragment.Cyanide ligand bridges thallium units forming an infinitezigzag chain structure. Among the thallium(III) tetracyanocompounds, the isostructural M[Tl(CN)4](M = Tl and K) and Na[Tl(CN)4]·3H2O crystallize in different crystal systems, but thethallium(III) ion has in all cases the same tetrahedralgeometry in the [Tl(CN)4]–unit.

Three adducts of mercury(II) (isoelectronic with TIIII) (K2PtHg(CN)6·2H2O, Na2PdHg(CN)6·2H2O and K2NiHg(CN)6·2H2O) have been prepared from Hg(CN)2and square planar transition metal cyanides MII(CN)42-and their structure have been studied by singlecrystal X–ray diffraction, XPS and Raman spectroscopy inthe solid state. The structure of (K2PtHg(CN)6·2H2O consists of strictly linear one dimensional wireswith PtIIand HgIIcenters located alternately, dHg–Pt= 3.460 Å. The structure of Na2PdHg(CN)6·2H2O and K2NiHg(CN)6·2H2O can be considered as double salts, the lack ofhetero–metallophilic interaction between both the HgIIand PdIIatoms, dHg–Pd= 4.92 Å, and HgIIand NiIIatoms, dNi–Pd= 4.60 Å, seems obvious. Electronbinding energy values of the metallic centers measured by XPSshow that there is no electron transfer between the metal ionsin all three adducts. In solution, experimental findingsclearly indicate the lack of metal–metal bond formation inall studied HgII–CN-–MII(CN)42-systems (M = Pt, Pd and Ni). It is in contrary tothe platinum–thallium bonded cyanides.

KEYWORDS:metal–metal bond, platinum, thallium,kinetics, mechanism, stopped flow, oxidative addition, cyanocomplexes, edta, redox reaction, metal cyanides, X–raydiffraction, Raman, NMR, mercury, palladium, nickel, onedimensional wire

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Fernández-Valverde, Suilma Marisela. "Echange isotopique dans des composes a valence mixte a l'etat solide." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13030.

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Books on the topic "Solid State Reaction Mechanism"

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Dybkov, V. I. Reaction diffusion and solid state chemical kinetics. 2nd ed. Zurich: Trans Tech, 2010.

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Dybkov, V. I. Reaction diffusion and solid state chemical kinetics. Kyiv: IPMS Publications, 2002.

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Dybkov, V. I. Reaction diffusion and solid state chemical kinetics: V.I. Dybkov. Kyiv, Ukraine: IPMS Publications, 2002.

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International, Symposium on Solid-State-Reaction (1990 Grenoble France). Multilayer amorphisation by solid-state-reaction and mechanical alloying: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid-State- Reaction, February 21 to 23rd 1990, Grenoble, France. France: Les Éditions de Physique, 1990.

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Germany) Leopoldina-Meeting (1999 Halle an der Saale. Festkörperreaktionen--Transport, Mechanismen und die Rolle von Phasengrenzen: Zum 80. Geburtstag von Alterspräsident Heinz Bethge : Leopoldina-Meeting vom 19. bis 20. November 1999 in Halle (Saale). Halle (Saale): Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, 2000.

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Sarwar, Shamsa. The structural nature of dihalodiorgano group 16 compounds, in solution and in the solid state and their subsequent reaction with metal powders. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Thermal Decomposition of Solids and Melts: New Thermochemical Approach to the Mechanism, Kinetics and Methodology. Dordrecht: Springer, 2007.

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Duyunov, Vladimir, and Ruslan Zakomoldin. Criminal law impact in the mechanism of ensuring national security. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02045-6.

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The monograph examines the social and legal nature of the category "national security" as a socially significant good, an object of criminal law protection and a general object of crimes. The existence of a specific "sphere of crimes and crime" in public life is substantiated, its general characteristics are given, and the state of crime is analyzed as one of the most dangerous threats to national security in modern conditions. The problem of ensuring national security by criminal law means, the place and role of criminal policy and criminal law in the policy of combating crime and ensuring the national security of Russia are considered. Defines the concept of criminal law impact as a law-mediated reaction of the state to crime and crime, one of the key directions of the policy of combating crime, a comprehensive criminal law institution and one of the elements of the mechanism for ensuring national security. The publication is intended for students, postgraduates, researchers, teachers of law schools, employees of law enforcement agencies and all persons interested in the problems of law and law enforcement.
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Jull, Susan. The mechanism of formation of zirconium silicate in the high temperature solid state reaction Zro2 . 1986.

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Dybkov, V. I. Reaction Diffusion and Solid State Chemical Kinetics. Trans Tech Publications, Limited, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solid State Reaction Mechanism"

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Calka, Andrzej, David Wexler, and T. Fenwick. "Dependence of Structural Evolution an Hydrogen Storage Mechanism on Milling Parameters during controlled Reactive Milling of Graphite in Hydrogen." In Solid State Phenomena, 219–24. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-40-x.219.

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Figen, Aysel Kantürk, Hatice Ergüven, and Sabriye Pişkin. "Investigation of Solid State Reaction Mechanism for Sodium Metaborate (NaBO2) Production." In Supplemental Proceedings, 585–89. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062111.ch67.

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Yang, Chuan-zheng, Yuwan Lou, Jian Zhang, Xiaohua Xie, and Baojia Xia. "Solid-State Reaction and Formation Mechanism in the Process of LiMeO2 Synthesis." In Materials and Working Mechanisms of Secondary Batteries, 83–97. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5955-4_4.

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Zboril, R., M. Mashlan, and D. Krausova. "The Mechanism of β-Fe2O3 Formation by Solid-State Reaction between NaCl and Fe2(SO4)3." In Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Materials Science, 49–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4548-0_5.

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Seo, Dong Seok, Hwan Kim, and Jong Kook Lee. "Mechanism of Surface Dissolution in Dense Hydroxyapatite." In Solid State Phenomena, 1241–44. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-30-2.1241.

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Halevi, E. Amitai. "Excited State Reactions." In Orbital Symmetry and Reaction Mechanism, 243–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83568-1_10.

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Kałdoński, Tadeusz, and Tomasz J. Kałdoński. "Physicochemical Self - Lubricating Mechanism of Porous Sliding Bearings." In Solid State Phenomena, 405–10. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-21-3.405.

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Gerl, M., and P. Guilmin. "Amorphization by Solid State Reaction." In Diffusion in Materials, 625–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1976-1_32.

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McLaughlin, William L., Mohamad Al-Sheikhly, D. F. Lewis, A. Kovács, and L. Wojnárovits. "Radiochromic Solid-State Polymerization Reaction." In ACS Symposium Series, 152–66. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0620.ch011.

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Okumiya, Masahiro, Hiroshi Ikeda, and Yoshiki Tsunekawa. "Study on Nitriding Mechanism for Aluminum Using Barrel Nitriding." In Solid State Phenomena, 137–42. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-25-6.137.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solid State Reaction Mechanism"

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Kato, K., S. Shibayama, M. Sakashita, W. Takeuchi, N. Taoka, O. Nakatsuka, and S. Zaima. "Interfacial Reaction Mechanism in Al2O3/Ge Structure by Oxygen Radical." In 2012 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2012.ps-1-2.

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Parrott, Edward P. J., J. Axel Zeitler, Tomislav Friscic, William Jones, and Lynn F. Gladden. "Probing solid-state reaction mechanisms with THz-TDS." In 2014 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2014.6956444.

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Mahapatra, S., S. Sharma, P. Bharath Kumar, D. Varghese, and D. Saha. "Explanation of Negative Bias Temperature Instability Mechanism in p-MOSFETs by Reaction-Diffusion Model." In 2005 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2005.b-8-1.

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Narushima, T., A. N. Itakura, M. Kitajima, and K. Miki. "Low temperature oxidation of Si(100) with ozone radicals: Chemical Reaction Mechanism and Surface Stress." In 2002 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2002.b-5-4.

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Kubota, T., Y. Kikuchi, T. Nozawa, and S. Samukawa. "Transition Metal Complex Reaction Etching for MRAM Applications using Neutral Beam and Its Mechanism Investigated by First-Principles Calculation." In 2015 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2015.ps-4-2.

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Takahashi, Jun-ichi, Yuichi Utsumi, and Tsuneo Urisu. "Reaction Mechanisms with Synchrotron Radiation-Stimulated Etching of Si and SiO2." In 1988 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1988.a-4-4.

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De La Pena-Cortes, Ernesto, Francisco Elizalde-Blancas, Abel Hernandez-Guerrero, Armando Gallegos-Munoz, and Juan M. Belman-Flores. "Numerical Analysis of the Internal Fuel Processing in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65273.

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The high operating temperature of a SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) has several consequences, from which the most important one is the possibility to feed the cell directly with unprocessed fuels. This eliminates the need for expensive external fuel reformers that hinder the cell from achieving a greater overall efficiency when coupled into a power generation system. Direct internal reforming (DIR) takes place directly on the anode of a SOFC by harnessing the available Nickel catalyst on its surface to process the incoming fuel. In this study a three dimensional steady state computational fluid dynamics model is implemented in a planar DIR SOFC to compare the overall cell performance operating on biogas, and coal syngas. Since chemical kinetics plays a significant role in the model accuracy, the present work also focuses on comparing three different chemical reaction mechanisms for the internal reforming process. These include a detailed heterogeneous mechanism consisting of 42 elementary reactions, a global homogeneous catalyzed mechanism, and a Langmuir-Hinshelwood based mechanism. The former includes autothermal reforming, steam reforming and water gas shift reaction effects, the latter two include steam reforming, and water gas shift reaction effects. The analysis yields detailed information about the cell, including polarization curves that help to assess the cell performance for each fuel. Meanwhile the chemical kinetics comparison amongst the analyzed mechanisms helps in establishing the best compromise between the accuracy of the model, and the computational resources devoted for the calculation.
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Akiyama, T., S. Hori, K. Nakamura, T. Ito, H. Kageshima, M. Uematsu, and K. Shiraishi. "Reaction mechanisms at 4H-SiC/SiO2 interface during wet SiC oxidation." In 2017 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2017.ps-14-02.

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Suda, Y., D. Lubben, T. Motooka, and J. E. Greene. "Mechanism of Si Laser Atomic Layer Epitaxy Using the Adsorption and Thermally-induced Reactions of Si2H6 on Si(100) 2x1." In 1989 Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1989.a-3-4.

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WU, ZHIJIAN, FUQIANG BAN, and RUSSELL J. BOYD. "THEORETICAL STUDY ON THE REACTION MECHANISMS OF THE IMIDE FORMATION IN AN N-(O-CARBOXYBENZOYL)-L-AMINO ACID." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid State Chemistry in China. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776846_0077.

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Reports on the topic "Solid State Reaction Mechanism"

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Munir, Z. A. An investigation of the mechanisms of solid state powder reaction in the combustion synthesis and sintering of high temperature materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7258522.

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Greskovich, Charles D., and James A. Brewer. Mechanism for Solid State Crystal Conversion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada388064.

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Banin, Amos, Joseph Stucki, and Joel Kostka. Redox Processes in Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Sewage Effluents: Field Cycles and Basic Mechanism. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695870.bard.

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The overall objectives of the project were: (a) To measure and study in situ the effect of irrigation with reclaimed sewage effluents on redox processes and related chemical dynamics in soil profiles of agricultural fields. (b) To study under controlled conditions the kinetics and equilibrium states of selected processes that affect redox conditions in field soils or that are effected by them. Specifically, these include the effects on heavy metals sorption and desorption, and the effect on pesticide degradation. On the basis of the initial results from the field study, increased effort was devoted to clarifying and quantifying the effects of plants and water regime on the soil's redox potential while the study of heavy metals sorption was limited. The use of reclaimed sewage effluents as agricultural irrigation water is increasing at a significant rate. The relatively high levels of suspended and, especially, dissolved organic matter and nitrogen in effluents may affect the redox regime in field soils irrigated with them. In turn, the changes in redox regime may affect, among other parameters, the organic matter and nitrogen dynamics of the root zone and trace organic decomposition processes. Detailed data of the redox potential regime in field plots is lacking, and the detailed mechanisms of its control are obscure and not quantified. The study established the feasibility of long-term, non-disturbing monitoring of redox potential regime in field soils. This may enable to manage soil redox under conditions of continued inputs of wastewater. The importance of controlling the degree of wastewater treatment, particularly of adding ultrafiltration steps and/or tertiary treatment, may be assessed based on these and similar results. Low redox potential was measured in a field site (Site A, KibutzGivat Brenner), that has been irrigated with effluents for 30 years and was used for 15 years for continuous commercial sod production. A permanently reduced horizon (Time weighted averaged pe= 0.33±3.0) was found in this site at the 15 cm depth throughout the measurement period of 10 months. A drastic cultivation intervention, involving prolonged drying and deep plowing operations may be required to reclaim such soils. Site B, characterized by a loamy texture, irrigated with tap water for about 20 years was oxidized (Time weighted average pe=8.1±1.0) throughout the measurement period. Iron in the solid phases of the Givat Brenner soils is chemically-reduced by irrigation. Reduced Fe in these soils causes a change in reactivity toward the pesticide oxamyl, which has been determined to be both cytotoxic and genotoxic to mammalian cells. Reaction of oxamyl with reduced-Fe clay minerals dramatically decreases its cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to mammalian cells. Some other pesticides are affected in the same manner, whereas others are affected in the opposite direction (become more cyto- and genotoxic). Iron-reducing bacteria (FeRB) are abundant in the Givat Brenner soils. FeRB are capable of coupling the oxidation of small molecular weight carbon compounds (fermentation products) to the respiration of iron under anoxic conditions, such as those that occur under flooded soil conditions. FeRB from these soils utilize a variety of Fe forms, including Fe-containing clay minerals, as the sole electron acceptor. Daily cycles of the soil redox potential were discovered and documented in controlled-conditions lysimeter experiments. In the oxic range (pe=12-8) soil redox potential cycling is attributed to the effect of the daily temperature cycle on the equilibrium constant of the oxygenation reaction of H⁺ to form H₂O, and is observed under both effluent and freshwater irrigation. The presence of plants affects considerably the redox potential regime of soils. Redox potential cycling coupled to the irrigation cycles is observed when the soil becomes anoxic and the redox potential is controlled by the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. This is particularly seen when plants are grown. Re-oxidation of the soil after soil drying at the end of an irrigation cycle is affected to some degree by the water quality. Surprisingly, the results suggest that under certain conditions recovery is less pronounced in the freshwater irrigated soils.
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Paesano, A. Jr, A. T. Motta, R. C. Birtcher, E. A. Ryan, S. R. Teixeira, M. E. Bruckmann, and L. Amaral. Ion-beam mixing and solid-state reaction in Zr-Fe multilayers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/459440.

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Borch, Thomas, Yitzhak Hadar, and Tamara Polubesova. Environmental fate of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: Biodegradation, complexation, and photodegradation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597927.bard.

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Many pharmaceutical compounds are active at very low doses, and a portion of them regularly enters municipal sewage systems and wastewater-treatment plants following use, where they often do not fully degrade. Two such compounds, CBZ and LTG, have been detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters, drinking water, and irrigation water, where they pose a risk to the environment and the food supply. These compounds are expected to interact with organic matter in the environment, but little is known about the effect of such interactions on their environmental fate and transport. The original objectives of our research, as defined in the approved proposal, were to: Determine the rates, mechanisms and products of photodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites in waters exposed to near UV light, and the influence of DOM type and binding processes on photodegradation. Determine the potential and pathways for biodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites using a white rot fungus (Pleurotusostreatus) and ADP, and reveal the effect of DOM complexation on these processes. Reveal the major mechanisms of binding of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to DOM and soil in the presence of DOM, and evaluate the effect of this binding on their photodegradation and/or biodegradation. We determined that LTG undergoes relatively slow photodegradation when exposed to UV light, and that pH affects each of LTG’s ability to absorb UV light, the efficiency of the resulting reaction, and the identities of LTG’sphotoproducts (t½ = 230 to 500 h during summer at latitude 40 °N). We observed that LTG’sphotodegradation is enhanced in the presence of DOM, and hypothesized that LTG undergoes direct reactions with DOM components through nucleophilic substitution reactions. In combination, these data suggest that LTG’s fate and transport in surface waters are controlled by environmental conditions that vary with time and location, potentially affecting the environment and irrigation waters. We determined that P. ostreatusgrows faster in a rich liquid medium (glucose peptone) than on a natural lignocellulosic substrate (cotton stalks) under SSF conditions, but that the overall CBZ removal rate was similar in both media. Different and more varied transformation products formed in the solid state culture, and we hypothesized that CBZ degradation would proceed further when P. ostreatusand the ᵉⁿᶻʸᵐᵃᵗⁱᶜ ᵖʳᵒᶠⁱˡᵉ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵗᵘⁿᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ˡⁱᵍⁿⁱⁿ ᵈᵉᵍʳᵃᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ. ᵂᵉ ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ¹⁴C⁻Cᴼ2 ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ ʷʰᵉⁿ ¹⁴C⁻ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿʸˡ⁻ labeled CBZ was used as the substrate in the solid state culture (17.4% of the initial radioactivity after 63 days of incubation), but could not conclude that mineralization had occurred. In comparison, we determined that LTG does not degrade in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater, but that P. ostreatusremoves up to 70% of LTG in a glucose peptone medium. We detected various metabolites, including N-oxides and glycosides, but are still working to determine the degradation pathway. In combination, these data suggest that P. ostreatuscould be an innovative and effective tool for CBZ and LTG remediation in the environment and in wastewater used for irrigation. In batch experiments, we determined that the sorption of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to agricultural soils was governed mainly by SOM levels. In lysimeter experiments, we also observed LTG and CBZ accumulation in top soil layers enriched with organic matter. However, we detected CBZ and one of its metabolites in rain-fed wheat previously irrigated with treated wastewater, suggesting that their sorption was reversible, and indicating the potential for plant uptake and leaching. Finally, we used macroscale analyses (including adsorption/desorption trials and resin-based separations) with molecular- level characterization by FT-ICR MS to demonstrate the adsorptive fractionation of DOM from composted biosolids by mineral soil. This suggests that changes in soil and organic matter types will influence the extent of LTG and CBZ sorption to agricultural soils, as well as the potential for plant uptake and leaching.
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Fishman, Steven G. Fabrication of Intermetallic Compounds by Solid State Reaction of Roll- Bonded Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229386.

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Steyn, J. L., and Nesbitt W. Hagood. Development of a Solid-State Microhydraulic Energy Harvesting Mechanism for Heel Strike Power Harvesting. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413367.

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Prusky, Dov, Nancy P. Keller, and Amir Sherman. global regulation of mycotoxin accumulation during pathogenicity of Penicillium expansum in postharvest fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600012.bard.

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Background to the topic- Penicilliumas a postharvest pathogen and producer of the mycotoxin PAT. Penicilliumspp. are destructive phytopathogens, capable of causing decay in many deciduous fruits, during postharvest handling and storage; and the resulting losses can amount to 10% of the stored produce and the accumulation of large amounts of the mycotoxinpatulin. The overall goal of this proposal is to identify critical host and pathogen factors that modulate P. expansummycotoxin genes and pathways which are required for PAT production and virulence. Our preliminary results indicated that gluconic acid are strongly affecting patulin accumulation during colonization. P. expansumacidifies apple fruit tissue during colonization in part through secretion of gluconic acid (GLA). Several publications suggested that GLA accumulation is an essential factor in P. expansumpathogenicity. Furthermore, down regulation of GOX2 significantly reduced PAT accumulation and pathogenicity. PAT is a polyketide and its biosynthesis pathway includes a 15-gene cluster. LaeA is a global regulator of mycotoxin synthesis. It is now known that patulin synthesis might be subjected to LaeA and sometimes by environmental sensing global regulatory factors including the carbon catabolite repressor CreA as well as the pH regulator factor PacC and nitrogen regulator AreA. The mechanisms by which LaeA regulates patulin synthesis was not fully known and was part of our work. Furthermore, the regulatory system that controls gene expression in accordance with ambient pH was also included in our work. PacC protein is in an inactive conformation and is unable to bind to the promoter sites of the target genes; however, under alkaline growth conditions activated PacC acts as both an activator of alkaline-expressed genes and a repressor of acid-expressed genes. The aims of the project- This project aims to provide new insights on the roles of LaeA and PacC and their signaling pathways that lead to GLA and PAT biosynthesis and pathogenicity on the host. Specifically, our specific aims were: i) To elucidate the mechanism of pH-controlled regulation of GLA and PAT, and their contribution to pathogenesis of P. expansum. We are interested to understanding how pH and/or GLA impact/s under PacC regulation affect PAT production and pathogenesis. ii) To characterize the role of LaeA, the global regulator of mycotoxin production, and its effect on PAT and PacC activity. iii) To identify the signaling pathways leading to GLA and PAT synthesis. Using state- of-the-art RNAseq technologies, we will interrogate the transcriptomes of laeAand pacCmutants, to identify the common signaling pathways regulating synthesis of both GLA and PAT. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements- In our first Aim our results demonstrated that ammonia secreted at the leading edge of the fungal colony induced transcript activation of the global pH modulator PacC and PAT accumulation in the presence of GLA. We assessed these parameters by: (i) direct exogenous treatment of P. expansumgrowing on solid medium; (ii) direct exogenous treatment on colonized apple tissue; (iii) growth under self-ammonia production conditions with limited carbon; and (iv) analysis of the transcriptional response to ammonia of the PAT biosynthesis cluster. Ammonia induced PAT accumulation concurrently with the transcript activation of pacCand PAT biosynthesis cluster genes, indicating the regulatory effect of ammonia on pacCtranscript expression under acidic conditions. Transcriptomic analysis of pH regulated processes showed that important genes and BARD Report - Project 4773 Page 2 of 10 functionalities of P. expansumwere controlled by environmental pH. The differential expression patterns of genes belonging to the same gene family suggest that genes were selectively activated according to their optimal environmental conditions to enable the fungus to cope with varying conditions and to make optimal use of available enzymes. Concerning the second and third Aims, we demonstrated that LaeA regulates several secondary metabolite genes, including the PAT gene cluster and concomitant PAT synthesis invitro. Virulence studies of ΔlaeAmutants of two geographically distant P. expansumisolates (Pe-21 from Israel and Pe-T01 from China) showed differential reduction in disease severity in freshly harvested fruit ranging from no reduction for Ch-Pe-T01 strains in immature fruit to 15–25% reduction for both strains in mature fruit, with the ΔlaeAstrains of Is-Pe-21 always showing a greater loss in virulence. Results suggest the importance of LaeA regulation of PAT and other secondary metabolites on pathogenicity. Our work also characterized for the first time the role of sucrose, a key nutritional factor present in apple fruit, as a negative regulator of laeAexpression and consequent PAT production in vitro. This is the first report of sugar regulation of laeAexpression, suggesting that its expression may be subject to catabolite repression by CreA. Some, but not all of the 54 secondary metabolite backbone genes in the P. expansumgenome, including the PAT polyketide backbone gene, were found to be regulated by LaeA. Together, these findings enable for the first time a straight analysis of a host factor that potentially activates laeAand subsequent PAT synthesis.
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