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Journal articles on the topic 'SOLID-STATE METHOD'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Xiao, Penghao, Daniel Sheppard, Jutta Rogal, and Graeme Henkelman. "Solid-state dimer method for calculating solid-solid phase transitions." Journal of Chemical Physics 140, no. 17 (May 7, 2014): 174104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4873437.

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2

Liu, Junnan, Henrik Lyder Andersen, Othman K. Al Bahri, Saroj Bhattacharyya, Aditya Rawal, Helen E. A. Brand, and Neeraj Sharma. "Electrochemically activated solid synthesis: an alternative solid-state synthetic method." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 41 (2018): 14604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt02946f.

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3

McDonald, J. C., F. N. Eichner, K. A. Stahl, and S. D. Miller. "Optical Readout Method for Solid State Dosemeters." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 17, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1986): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a079834.

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4

McDonald, J. C., F. N. Eichner, K. A. Stahl, and S. D. Miller. "Optical Readout Method for Solid State Dosemeters." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 17, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1986): 329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/17.1-4.329.

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5

Shmelev, V. M., A. D. Margolin, N. Ya Vasilik, V. G. Krupkin, V. T. Volov, and D. B. Volov. "Nonelectrical method of pumping solid-state lasers." Technical Physics 43, no. 9 (September 1998): 1069–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1259133.

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6

Enikolopian, N. S., N. G. Danielian, and K. G. Kazarian. "Method of Coating Application by Solid State Reactions." Materials Science Forum 88-90 (January 1992): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.88-90.163.

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7

Pan, Yi, and Lei Qiu. "Automated Method for Solid State Nuclear Track Measurements." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1952, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 032038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1952/3/032038.

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8

Su, Tingting, Heng Jiang, Hong Gong, and Shaoyong Duan. "Preparation of Pyrochlore K2Ta2O6 by Solid-State Method." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 45, no. 10 (May 27, 2015): 1602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15533174.2015.1031045.

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9

Sheppard, Daniel, Penghao Xiao, William Chemelewski, Duane D. Johnson, and Graeme Henkelman. "A generalized solid-state nudged elastic band method." Journal of Chemical Physics 136, no. 7 (February 21, 2012): 074103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3684549.

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10

Rahayu, I., S. Hidayat, A. R. Noviyanti, D. Rakhmawaty, and E. Ernawati. "Synthesisofc-lifepo4 composite by solid state reaction method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 812 (February 2017): 012094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/812/1/012094.

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11

Lee, Yun Sung, Yang Kook Sun, Koichi Kobayakawa, and Yuichi Sato. "Preparation of Nano-Crystalline LiFe0.97Co0.03O1.95Cl0.05by Solid-State Method." Chemistry Letters 31, no. 6 (June 2002): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2002.642.

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12

Dryden, J. R., D. M. Shinozaki, A. S. Deakin, and A. Klauzner. "Solid state extrusion as a mechanical test method." Materials Science and Engineering: A 188, no. 1-2 (November 1994): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(94)90358-1.

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13

Ruiyuan Tang, Ruiyuan Tang, Junhui Hao Junhui Hao, Kai Liu Kai Liu, Yingyun Qiao Yingyun Qiao, and Juntao Zhang and Yuanyu Tian Juntao Zhang and Yuanyu Tian. "Synthesis of High Surface Area Calcium Aluminate (Ca12Al14O33) with Carbon Template by Solid State Calcination Method." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 41, no. 4 (2019): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000768/jcsp/41.04.2019.

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High surface area calcium aluminate is synthetized within a short time by using a carbon template solid state calcination method which involved addition of carbon black into the CaCO3 and Al2O3 powders, calcination, and carbon removal by steam. Vary carbon black dosage changed the textural properties of the calcium aluminate, such as the surface area. By varying carbon black dosage from 0 to 10.0 wt%, the calcium aluminate with a surface area ranging from 21.5 to 41.2 m2and#183;g–1 are successfully synthesized within 14.0 h. Furthermore, the nanometer sized CaCO3 and Al2O3 powders comprising carbon black could markedly reduce the calcination temperature without reducing the surface area. This research might lead to the cost-effective synthesis of calcium aluminate (Ca12Al14O33) in a short synthesis period.

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14

Huggins, Robert A. "Solid State Ionics." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 9 (September 1989): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400061698.

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This issue of the MRS BULLETIN contains three articles relating to the general field that has come to be known as Solid State Ionics. The central feature of this area of science and emerging technology is the rapid transport of atomic or ionic species within solids, and the various phenomena, of both scientific and technological interest, that are related to it.Attention to this area has grown greatly in recent years because of the rapidly increasing recognition of the possibility of a wide range of interesting technological applications. One example already widespread is the use of an oxygen-conducting solid electrolyte as the critical element in the oxygen sensors installed in the exhaust systems of almost all current automobiles to reduce deleterious emissions and improve the efficiency of the combustion process.Work is under way in a number of other directions, including static and dynamic chemical sensors, solid state electrochemical reactors, low impedance selective atomic filters, new concepts for the direct conversion of heat to electricity by the use of sodium- or hydrogen-transporting cycles, a novel method for the low cost electrolysis of water at intermediate temperatures, batteries that can store greatly increased amounts of energy, ion exchange materials, solid state laser hosts, high efficiency fuel cells, electrochromic materials and configurations for both optical displays and “smart windows,” advanced catalysts, atomic reservoirs and pumps, high temperature superconductors, and possibly solid state fusion hosts.Despite this recent attention, however, it is worth noting that interest in solids in which ionic species can move with unusual rapidity is actually not new at all. As early as 1839, Michael Faraday reported measurements on several materials that showed an unusual increase in electrical conductivity at elevated temperatures, contrary to that found in normal metals.

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15

Ankoj, P. i. "Structural Analysis of CaLaAlO4 Powder via Solid State Method." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.3034.

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16

Xu, Haiyan, Binyao Li, and Chifei Wu. "Polymer Grafting onto Carbon Black by Solid State Method." Polymer Journal 38, no. 8 (July 7, 2006): 807–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.pj2005248.

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17

Mkrtchyan, A. R., A. H. Mkrtchyan, H. A. Aslanyan, S. P. Taroyan, V. V. Nalbandyan, M. M. Mirzoyan, A. N. Sargsyan, et al. "New method of solid state structural and composition analysis." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (August 23, 2005): c435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767305081663.

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18

Bongkarn, Theerachai, and Chiraporn Thiangchit. "Preparation of PBZT Ceramics via Solid State Reaction Method." Ferroelectrics 383, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190902876348.

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19

Kirsanov, Yu A., A. Yu Kirsanov, and A. E. Yudakhin. "Method of Measuring Thermal Relaxation in the Solid State." High Temperature 56, no. 3 (May 2018): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0018151x18030112.

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20

Considine, P. J., R. J. Buckley, T. O. Griffin, M. G. Tuohy, and M. P. Coughlan. "A simple and inexpensive method of solid-state cultivation." Biotechnology Techniques 3, no. 2 (March 1989): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01875558.

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21

Li, Shuiping, Qisheng Wu, Chun Zhang, Huajun Zhu, Changsen Zhang, Xin Wang, and Cancan Kong. "Synthesis of LiNiO2 by two-step solid-state method." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 1 (May 18, 2018): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2018-0015.

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AbstractLiNiO2 was prepared through two-step solid-state reaction by mechanochemical method and heat treatment, using LiOH (Li2CO3) and Ni(OH)2 as starting materials. The influence of grinding speed and time, heat treatment time, and starting materials on the structure of LiNiO2 was studied. The as-milled samples and products were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that uniform as-milled samples can be obtained at grinding speed of 580 rpm for 0.5 h, using LiOH and Ni(OH)2 as raw materials. Perfect crystal LiNiO2 has been prepared by calcining the as-milled samples at 700 °C for 15 h. Composite material powders consisting of Li2Ni8O10 and LiNiO2 have been obtained using Li2CO3 as lithium source.

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22

Chung-We Pan, Jung-Chuan Chou, Tai-Ping Sun, and Shen-Kan Hsiung. "Solid-state urea biosensor based on the differential method." IEEE Sensors Journal 6, no. 2 (April 2006): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2006.870160.

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23

Burum, Douglas, and Anthony J. Bielecki. "5245284 Method for editing CPMAS solid-state NMR spectra." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12, no. 5 (January 1994): XVII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0730-725x(94)92268-3.

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24

Shao, Weiguo, and Qi Wang. "Partial exfoliation and layer expansion of vermiculite layer in solid state by solid state shear milling (S3M) method." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 101, no. 3 (2006): 1806–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.23561.

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25

Málek, Jiří, Takefumi Mitsuhashi, and José Manuel Criado. "Kinetic analysis of solid-state processes." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 6 (June 2001): 1862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0255.

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A simple method for kinetic analysis of solid-state processes has been developed. A criteria capable of classifying different processes is explored here with a view toward visualizing the complexity of solid-state kinetics. They provide a useful tool for the determination of the most suitable kinetic model. The method has been applied to the analysis of crystallization processes in amorphous ZrO2 and RuO2. It is found that the crystallization kinetics of as-prepared sample exhibits a complex behavior under nonisothermal conditions. This is probably due to an overlapping of the nucleation- and crystal-growth processes at the beginning of crystallization. As a consequence, the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami nucleation-growth model cannot be applied. A two-parameter autocatalytic model provides a good description of the crystallization process under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions.

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26

Onffroy, Philip R., Nathan T. Herrold, Harrison G. Goehrig, Kalie Yuen, and Katsuyuki Wakabayashi. "Polylactic Acid Chemical Foaming Assisted by Solid-State Processing: Solid-State Shear Pulverization and Cryogenic Milling." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 4480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214480.

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A chemical foaming process of polylactic acid (PLA) was developed via the solid-state processing methods of solid-state shear pulverization (SSSP) and cryogenic milling. Based on the ability of solid-state processing to enhance the crystallization kinetics of PLA, chemical foaming agents (CFA) are first compounded before foaming via compression molding. Specifically, the effects of the pre-foaming solid-state processing method and CFA concentration were investigated. Density reduction, mechanical properties, thermal behavior, and cell density of PLA foams are characterized. Solid-state processing of PLA before foaming greatly increases the extent of PLA foaming by achieving void fractions approximately twice that of the control foams. PLA’s improved ability to crystallize is displayed through both dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The solid-state-processed foams display superior mechanical robustness and undergo low stress relaxation. The cell density of the PLA foams also increases with solid-state processing, especially through SSSP. Additionally, crosslinking of PLA during the pre-foaming processing step is found to result in the greatest enhancement of crystallization but decreased void fraction and foam effectiveness. Overall, SSSP and cryogenic milling show significant promise in improving chemical foaming in alternative biopolymers.

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27

Song, Jin-Sol, Ji-Soo Kim, Barry Mather, and Chul-Hwan Kim. "Hosting Capacity Improvement Method Using MV–MV Solid-State-Transformer." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030622.

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As a large number of distributed generations are connected to the distribution system, research on the hosting capacity is actively being conducted. In particular, various methods, such as smart inverter functionality, co-located energy storage systems (ESS), and the use of on-load tap changers (OLTC), have been proposed to improve the hosting capacity. In this paper, a method to improve the hosting capacity by utilizing a solid-state transformer (SST) and its unique control capability is proposed. Lastly, the proposed method is verified in the distribution system of the Republic of Korea using the OpenDSS program.

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28

Baade, Paul, and Vanessa Wood. "Ultra-high throughput manufacturing method for composite solid-state electrolytes." iScience 24, no. 2 (February 2021): 102055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102055.

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29

Wen, Jin Song, Tie Cheng Lu, Jian Qi Qi, Ji Cheng Zhou, Wei Pang, Hai Ping Wang, Jun Feng He, Zhi Jun Liao, and Deng Xue Wu. "Preparation of Aluminum Oxynitride Powder by Solid State Reaction Method." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 435–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.435.

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Single-phase aluminum oxynitride powders were obtained by varying the holding temperature (T) and the weight percentage of α-Al2O3 in Al2O3 (X) with nano-sized Al2O3 and AlN powders as raw materials. Influences of T and X on the phase composition of obtained powders were studied. The results showed that the content of aluminum oxynitride increased with increasing T or X. When X was 50% and T was 1750°C, obtained powders had better properties than those of others.

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30

Dyartanti, Endah R., Anisa R. Nurohmah, Ike P. Lestari, Muhamad I. Putra, Shofirul S. Nisa, and Ulfa I. Pratiwi. "Kinetics Study of LiFePO4 Synthesis Reaction with Solid State Method." Energy Storage Technology and Applications 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/esta.v1i1.56797.

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Lithium Ferro Phosphate (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>) is a cathode that has the advantage of abundant raw material, inexpensive and easily upgraded compared to other cathode. The method commonly used for LiFePO<sub>4</sub> synthesis is solid state. It is important to study kinetics in this process for product optimization. There are two methods in determining the kinetics of product formation including Thermogravimetric Differential Thermal Analysis (TG-DTA) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile, Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Meanwhile, CV and EIS were used to determine electrochemical kinetics.

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31

García-Gómez, Pablo, Santiago Royo, Noel Rodrigo, and Josep R. Casas. "Geometric Model and Calibration Method for a Solid-State LiDAR." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 2898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102898.

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This paper presents a novel calibration method for solid-state LiDAR devices based on a geometrical description of their scanning system, which has variable angular resolution. Determining this distortion across the entire Field-of-View of the system yields accurate and precise measurements which enable it to be combined with other sensors. On the one hand, the geometrical model is formulated using the well-known Snell’s law and the intrinsic optical assembly of the system, whereas on the other hand the proposed method describes the scanned scenario with an intuitive camera-like approach relating pixel locations with scanning directions. Simulations and experimental results show that the model fits with real devices and the calibration procedure accurately maps their variant resolution so undistorted representations of the observed scenario can be provided. Thus, the calibration method proposed during this work is applicable and valid for existing scanning systems improving their precision and accuracy in an order of magnitude.

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32

Park, Hye-Jung, Sun-Min Park, Gwang-Chul Roh, and Cheong-Hwa Han. "Electrochemical Performances of LiMn2O4:Al Synthesized by Solid State Method." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 48, no. 6 (November 30, 2011): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2011.48.6.531.

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33

Evi, J., Y. Tiandho, R. A. Rafsanjani, and F. Afriani. "Purification of silica from tin tailings through solid-state method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 353 (October 31, 2019): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/353/1/012025.

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34

OGINUMA, Hideki, Eiji Yuasa, and Katsuyoshi KONDOH. "Surface improvement of magnesium alloy using solid-state reaction method." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.1 (2003): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.1.0_401.

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35

Kuroda, R., and R. Sekiya. "Changing solid-state reaction stereochemistry: heavy-atom co-crystal method." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 67, a1 (August 22, 2011): C362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876731109088x.

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36

Gaponov, Yu A., N. Z. Lyakhov, B. P. Tolochko, S. E. Baru, G. A. Savinov, and M. A. Sheromov. "Station for studying solid‐state chemical reactions by Laue method." Review of Scientific Instruments 60, no. 7 (July 1989): 2429–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140737.

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37

He, L., L. F. Allard, and E. Ma. "A method to produce two-phase nanocomposites in solid state." Nanostructured Materials 12, no. 1-4 (January 1999): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9773(99)00179-8.

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38

Li, Decheng, Takahisa Muta, and Hideyuki Noguchi. "Electrochemical characteristics of LiNi0.5Mn0.5−xTixO2 prepared by solid state method." Journal of Power Sources 135, no. 1-2 (September 2004): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.04.003.

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39

Fortis, Frederic, Luc Guerrier, Pierre Girot, Elisa Fasoli, Pier Giorgio Righetti, and Egisto Boschetti. "A pI-based protein fractionation method using solid-state buffers." Journal of Proteomics 71, no. 3 (August 2008): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2008.06.007.

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40

Wang, Chao, and Shaohua Chen. "Application of the complex network method in solid-state sintering." Computational Materials Science 69 (March 2013): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2012.11.020.

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41

Stewart, James J. P. "Application of the PM6 method to modeling the solid state." Journal of Molecular Modeling 14, no. 6 (May 1, 2008): 499–535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00894-008-0299-7.

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42

Kondo, Takeshi, Narumi Okada, Yuki Yamaguchi, Junichi Urai, Tatsuo Aikawa, and Makoto Yuasa. "Boron-doped Nanodiamond Powder Prepared by Solid-state Diffusion Method." Chemistry Letters 44, no. 5 (May 5, 2015): 627–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.150050.

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43

Ganesan, M., M. V. T. Dhananjeyan, K. B. Sarangapani, and N. G. Renganathan. "Solid state rapid quenching method to synthesize micron size Li4Ti5O12." Journal of Electroceramics 18, no. 3-4 (June 2, 2007): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10832-007-9129-z.

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44

Panyajirawut, Pongladda, Kitiya Srithep, Chanatda Namsa, Rawiporn Kitcharoen, and Wisanu Pecharapa. "Cobalt-Doped ZnO Powders by a Simple Solid-State Method." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.486.

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Cobalt-doped ZnO powders with various dopant concentrations were synthesized using a simple-solid method. ZnO and Co3O4 powders were employed as the precursors. The powders were annealed at 500 - 900 °C in air. The crystal structural and magnetic properties were studied by means of XRD and VSM, respectively. The XRD patterns show the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the powders. The magnetic measurements by H-M loops reveal the combination of paramagnetism and ferromagnetism as well as the influence of Co dopant to magnetic properties of Zn1-xCoxO.

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45

Berz, Lily L., Andrew S. Westover, Nian Liu, and Robert L. Sacci. "Rapid Joule Heating Method Applied to Solid State Electrolyte Materials." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642366mtgabs.

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Designing a solid-state battery is a balancing act. Fast charging rates and high capacity are preferable, but safety and long battery lifetimes must also be preserved. When making a solid-state electrolyte, amorphous materials with greater lithium content are ideal—they have greater conductivity than their lower-lithium-content counterparts. In addition to high lithium content, recent studies have focused on eliminating grain boundaries in solid state electrolytes. Eliminating grain boundaries allows for safer charging and discharging by reducing the chances of dendrite formation and subsequent shorting. Through experiments, we tried to reconcile amorphous character and relatively higher lithium content to produce a mechanically robust, conductive electrolyte material that lasts over many cycles. We first coarsened Li3BO3 powder in a tube furnace, then pelletized the powder at 253,411 bar via hydraulic press. The rapid joule heating method involves two carbon papers connected in parallel with a DC power supply. Using this configuration, we had access to rapid quenching rates that typically require expensive technology. Resistance from the carbon paper resulted in a rapid temperature increase proportional to the applied current so the carbon paper acted as a heating element. The Li3BO3 pellet was inserted between the two papers where it heated to its melting temperature (760-880°C) within 20 sec. We hypothesized that shorter ramping and cooling times introduced by rapid joule heating would promote amorphous character in Li3BO3, compared to samples prepared in a tube furnace with longer heating and cooling times. Full width at half maximum values calculated from X-ray diffraction results for each sample suggest the samples prepared using rapid joule heating formed smaller crystalline domains than those manufactured in the tube furnace. Scanning electron microscopy images taken at 5.0k magnification confirm this calculation. Large grains can be seen in the traditionally heated sample whereas no grains are observable in the rapid joule heated sample. Smaller crystalline domains emphasize the effects of rapid cooling and encourage future studies in escalating heating and cooling rates to produce amorphous or partially amorphous electrolytes.

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46

MacManus, Judith L., Derek J. Fray, and Jan E. Evetts. "Fluorination of Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x by a solid state electrochemical method." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 184, no. 1-3 (December 1991): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4534(91)91515-6.

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47

Zia, Rehana, Madeeha Riaz, Sitara Maqsood, Safia Anjum, Zohra Kayani, and Tousif Hussain. "Titania doped bioactive ceramics prepared by solid state sintering method." Ceramics International 41, no. 7 (August 2015): 8964–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.03.170.

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48

Raoufi, T., M. H. Ehsani, and D. Sanavi Khoshnoud. "Magnetocaloric properties of La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 prepared by solid state reaction method." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 689 (December 2016): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.08.063.

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49

Wang, Cai-Lan, Yu-Lu Wang, Xiao-Yang Wang, Xiao-Xia Wang, and Jian-Ping Li. "A Convenient Solid State Method for Preparing Aryl Azo Compounds." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 46, no. 4 (August 1999): 577–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.199900078.

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50

Szurkowska, Katarzyna, Łukasz Szeleszczuk, and Joanna Kolmas. "Effects of Synthesis Conditions on the Formation of Si-Substituted Alpha Tricalcium Phosphates." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 9164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21239164.

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Abstract:

Powders of α-TCP containing various amounts of silicon were synthesized by two different methods: Wet chemical precipitation and solid-state synthesis. The obtained powders were then physico–chemically studied using different methods: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), infrared and Raman spectroscopies (FT-IR and R), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR). The study showed that the method of synthesis affects the morphology of the obtained particles, the homogeneity of crystalline phase and the efficiency of Si substitution. Solid-state synthesis leads to particles with a low tendency to agglomerate compared to the precipitation method. However, the powders obtained by the solid-state method are less homogeneous and contain a significant amount of other crystalline phase, silicocarnotite (up to 7.33%). Moreover, the microcrystals from this method are more disordered. This might be caused by more efficient substitution of silicate ions: The silicon content of the samples obtained by the solid-state method is almost equal to the nominal values.

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