Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solid state electrolyte'
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Hernandez, Alvarez Erick Ivan. "Electrolyte selection for cobalt-free solid-state batteries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119602.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 30).
Lithium-ion batteries are widespread in use due to their thermal stability and high energy density. The most common design uses an organic electrolyte and lithium-cobalt electrode. While safe under typical operating conditions, the use of an organic electrolyte subjects the battery user to certain risks; in particular, Li-ion liquid batteries are explosive when exposed to air and subject to thermal runoff, making them highly sensitive to any physical damage. The use of cobalt also poses a moral concern, as the mining and sourcing of cobalt is geographically restricted and most commonly sourced from countries that have a history of foreign exploitation and child labor. An all solid state battery is suggested as a possible alternative battery that reduces operation risks and maintains similar performance characteristics. Lithium-lanthanum-zirconium oxide is presented as a suitable electrolyte replacement. Coupled with cobalt-free electrodes, this battery design would provide a safer, more responsible battery.
by Erick Ivan Hernandez Alvarez.
S.B.
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Yada, Chihiro. "Studies on electrode/solid electrolyte interface of all-solid-state rechargeable lithium batteries." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144024.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第12338号
工博第2667号
新制||工||1377(附属図書館)
24174
UT51-2006-J330
京都大学大学院工学研究科物質エネルギー化学専攻
(主査)教授 小久見 善八, 教授 江口 浩一, 教授 田中 功
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Koç, Tuncay. "In search of the best solid electrolyte-layered oxide pair in all-solid-state batteries." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS535.
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Les batteries à l'état solide (ASSB) qui reposent sur l'utilisation d'électrolytes solides (SE) à conductivité ionique élevée sont le Saint-Graal de la future technologie des batteries, car elles pourraient théoriquement permettre une augmentation de près de 70 et 40 % des densités d'énergie volumétrique (Wh/l) et gravimétrique (Wh/kg), respectivement, ainsi qu'une sécurité accrue par rapport à la technologie des batteries au lithium-ion. À cette fin, la dernière décennie a vu le développement des ASSB, principalement grâce à des SE à base de sulfure, en raison de leurs propriétés intrinsèques favorables. Toutefois, ces progrès n'ont pas permis de mettre au point des ASSB pratiques et performants en raison des réactions complexes de décomposition interfaciale qui se produisent aux électrodes négative et positive et qui entraînent une détérioration de la durée de vie des cycles. En se concentrant sur l'électrode positive, cela nécessite une meilleure compréhension de la compatibilité électrochimique/chimique des SE qui est cruellement nécessaire pour les applications du monde réel.Ce travail vise à fournir des réponses concernant la meilleure paire d'oxyde en couche SE dans la cathode composite pour les ASSB. En menant une étude systématique sur l'effet de la nature des SE sur les performances des batteries, nous montrons que les performances de Li6PS5Cl rivalisent avec celles de Li3InCl6, surpassant toutes deux celles de β-Li3PS4 et ce, indépendamment de la voie de synthèse. Ces performances sont préservées lors de l'assemblage de piles à l'état solide, puisque l'appariement de Li6PS5Cl avec une cathode en oxyde stratifié présente la meilleure rétention en cas de cyclage. Cette étude révèle également que les halogénures réagissent avec les sulfures dans les cellules hétérostructurées, ce qui entraîne une diminution rapide de la capacité en cas de cyclage en raison de réactions de décomposition interfaciales. Pour éliminer ce processus de dégradation interfaciale, nous proposons une stratégie d'ingénierie de surface qui permet d'atténuer la détérioration de la surface et de débloquer des ASSB très performants. Enfin, l'analyse électrochimique, structurelle et spectroscopique combinée démontre que Li3InCl6 ne peut pas résister à des potentiels d'oxydation plus élevés, ce qui entraîne des produits de décomposition contrairement à ce que les calculs théoriques prévoyaientAll-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) that rely on the use of solid electrolytes (SEs) with high ionic conductivity are the holy grail for future battery technology, since it could theoretically enable achieving nearly 70 and 40 % increase in volumetric (Wh/l) and gravimetric (Wh/kg) energy densities, respectively, as well as enhanced safety compared to lithium-ion battery technology. To this end, the last decade has witnessed the development of ASSBs mainly through sulfide-based SEs pertaining to their favorable intrinsic properties. However, such advancements were not straightforward to unlock high-performing practical ASSBs because of complex interfacial decomposition reactions taking place at both negative and positive electrodes, leading to a worsening cycling life. Focusing on the positive electrode, this calls for a better understanding of electrochemical/chemical compatibility of SEs that is sorely needed for real-world applications.This work aims to provide answers regarding the best SE-layered oxide pair in composite cathode for ASSBs. By conducting a systematic study on the effect of nature of SEs in battery performances, we show that Li6PS5Cl performances rival that of Li3InCl6, both outperforming β-Li3PS4 and this, independently of the synthesis route. This is preserved when assembling solid-state cells since Li6PS5Cl pairing with layered oxide cathode shows the best retention upon cycling. This study also unravels that halides react with sulfides in hetero-structured cell design, hence resulting in a rapid capacity decay upon cycling stemming from interfacial decomposition reactions. To eliminate such interfacial degradation process, we suggest a surface engineering strategy that helps to alleviate the surface deterioration, unlocking highly performing ASSBs. Eventually, combined electrochemical, structural and spectroscopic analysis demonstrate that Li3InCl6 cannot withstand at higher oxidation potentials, resulting in decomposition products in contrast to what the theoretical calculations predicted
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Howell, Ian. "The structure of some simple aqueous electrolyte solutions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386083.
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Shao, Yunfan. "Highly electrochemical stable quaternary solid polymer electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1522332577785545.
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Li, Si. "HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE CONTAINING LiBOB AT ROOM TEMPERATURE FOR ALL SOLID STATE BATTERY." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1490481514905008.
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Chen, Kezheng. "Origin of Polarization Behavior in All-Solid-State Lithium-Ion Battery Using Sulfide Solid Electrolyte." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235998.
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Yin, Yijing. "An Experimental Study on PEO Polymer Electrolyte Based All-Solid-State Supercapacitor." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/440.
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Supercapacitors are one of the most important electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices, however low ionic conductivity of solid state polymer electrolytes and the poor accessibility of the ions to the active sites in the porous electrode will cause low performance for all-solid-state supercapacitors and will limit their application. The objective of the dissertation is to improve the performance of all-solid-state supercapactor by improving electrolyte conductivity and solving accessibility problem of the ions to the active sites. The low ionic conductivity (10-8 S/cm) of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) limits its application as an electrolyte. Since PEO is a semicrystal polymer and the ion conduction take place mainly in the amorphous regions of the PEO/Lithium salt complex, improvements in the percentage of amorphous phase in PEO or increasing the charge carrier concentration and mobility could increase the ionic conductivity of PEO electrolyte. Hot pressing along with the additions of different lithium salts, inorganic fillers and plasticizers were applied to improve the ionic conductivity of PEO polymer electrolytes. Four electrode methods were used to evaluate the conductivity of PEO based polymer electrolytes. Results show that adding certain lithium salts, inorganic fillers, and plasticizers could improve the ionic conductivity of PEO electrolytes up 10-4 S/cm. Further hot pressing treatment could improve the ionic conductivity of PEO electrolytes up to 10-3 S/cm. The conductivity improvement after hot pressing treatment is elucidated as that the spherulite crystal phase is convert into the fringed micelle crystal phase or the amorphous phase of PEO electrolytes. PEO electrolytes were added into active carbon as a binder and an ion conductor, so as to provide electrodes with not only ion conduction, but also the accessibility of ion to the active sites of electrodes. The NaI/I2 mediator was added to improve the conductivity of PEO electrolyte and provide pseudocapacitance for all-solid-state supercapacitors. Impedance, cyclic voltammetry, and gavalnostatic charge/discharge measurements were conducted to evaluate the electrochemical performance of PEO polymer electrolytes based all-solid-state supercapacitors. Results demonstrate that the conductivity of PEO electrolyte could be improved to 0.1 S/cm with a mediator concentration of 50wt%. A high conductivity in the PEO electrolyte with mediator is an indication of a high electron exchange rate between the mediator and mediator. The high electron exchange rates at mediator carbon interface and between mediator and mediator are essential in order to obtain a high response rate and high power. This automatically solves the accessibility problem. With the addition of NaI/I2 mediator, the specific capacitance increased more than 30 folds, specific power increased almost 20 folds, and specific energy increased around 10 folds. Further addition of filler to the electrodes along with the mediator could double the specific capacitor and specific power of the all-solid-state supercapacitor. The stability of the corresponded supercapacitor is good within 2000 cycles.
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Naboulsi, Agathe. "Composite organic-inorganic membrane as new electrolyte in all solid-state battery." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS451.
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Le développement de batteries tout solide est essentiel pour réussir la transition écologique et le déploiement de véhicules tout électriques. Le développement de cette filière pourra se faire, entre autres, par l'élaboration d’un électrolyte tout solide (SE). Les SE polymères à base de poly(éthylène glycol) présentent l'avantage d'être adaptables aux procédés actuels de fabrication des batteries Li-ion. Malheureusement, leur conductivité reste limitée (10-6 – 10-9 S.cm-1) à température ambiante. Les SE inorganiques, comme le Li7La3Zr2O12, sont en revanche de bons conducteurs ioniques (10-3 S.cm-1), mais ils nécessitent des procédés de mise en forme coûteux et énergivores. L’objectif de cette thèse était le développement de SE composites qui combinent les avantages de ces deux matériaux. Les travaux ont porté sur la conception d'un SE composite performant et l’étude des mécanismes de transport à l'interface de ces deux matériaux. Une étude approfondie sur un SE polymère a été menée afin d'optimiser sa synthèse à partir de monomères, liquides et commerciaux. En utilisant cette approche de synthèse, il a été possible de mettre en œuvre différents procédés de mise en forme de SE composite (frittage basse température, extrusion électro-assistée, coulée évaporation) afin de contrôler le mélange des deux matériaux et leur interface. La spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique a été largement mise en œuvre pour comprendre les phénomènes de transport dans les SE compositesThe development of all-solid-state batteries is essential if we are to make a success of the ecological transition and the deployment of all-electric vehicles. One way of developing this sector is to produce an all-solid electrolyte (SE). Poly(ethylene glycol)-based polymer SEs have the advantage of being adaptable to current Li-ion battery manufacturing processes. Unfortunately, their conductivity remains limited (10-6 - 10-9 S.cm-1) at ambient temperature. Interestingly, inorganic SEs, such as Li7La3Zr2O12, are good ionic conductors (10-3 S.cm-1), but they require costly and energy-intensive shaping processes. This thesis aimed to develop composite SEs that combine the advantages of these two materials. The work focused on the design of a high-performance composite SE and the study of transport mechanisms at the interface of these two materials. An in-depth study of a polymer SE was carried out in order to optimize its synthesis from liquid and commercial monomers. Taking advantage of this synthesis design, various composite SE shaping processes (low-temperature sintering, electro-assisted extrusion, evaporation casting) were explored in order to control the mixing of the two materials and their interface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy has been widely used to understand transport phenomena in composite SEs
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Sun, Bing. "Functional Polymer Electrolytes for Multidimensional All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturkemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-248084.
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Pressing demands for high power and high energy densities in novel electrical energy storage units have caused reconsiderations regarding both the choice of battery chemistry and design. Practical concerns originating in the conventional use of flammable liquid electrolytes have renewed the interests of using solvent-free polymer electrolytes (SPEs) as solid ionic conductors for safer batteries. In this thesis work, SPEs developed from two polymer host structures, polyethers and polycarbonates, have been investigated for all-solid-state Li- and Li-ion battery applications. In the first part, functional polyether-based polymer electrolytes, such as poly(propylene glycol) triamine based oligomer and poly(propylene oxide)-based acrylates, were investigated for 3D-microbattery applications. The amine end-groups were favorable for forming conformal electrolyte coatings onto 3D electrodes via self-assembly. In-situ polymerization methods such as UV-initiated and electro-initiated polymerization techniques also showed potential to deposit uniform and conformal polymer coatings with thicknesses down to nano-dimensions. Moreover, poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), an alternative to the commonly investigated polyether host materials, was synthesized for SPE applications and showed promising functionality as battery electrolyte. High-molecular-weight PTMC was first applied in LiFePO4-based batteries. By incorporating an oligomeric PTMC as an interfacial mediator, enhanced surface contacts at the electrode/SPE interfaces and obvious improvements in initial capacities were realized. In addition, room-temperature functionality of PTMC-based SPEs was explored through copolymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) with TMC. Stable cycling performance at ambient temperatures was confirmed in P(TMC/CL)-based LiFePO4 half cells (e.g., around 80 and 150 mAh g-1 at 22 °C and 40 °C under C/20 rate, respectively). Through functionalization, hydroxyl-capped PTMC demonstrated good surface adhesion to metal oxides and was applied on non-planar electrodes. Ionic transport behavior in polycarbonate-SPEs was examined by both experimental and computational approaches. A coupling of Li ion transport with the polymer chain motions was demonstrated. The final part of this work has been focused on exploring the key characteristics of the electrode/SPE interfacial chemistry using PEO and PTMC host materials, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to get insights on the compositions of the interphase layers in both graphite and LiFePO4 half cells.
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Zhao, Fangtong. "A SOLID-STATE COMPOSITE ELECTROLYTE FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES WITH 3D-PRINTING FABRICATION." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1619814091802231.
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Yang, Run. "A Superionic Conductive Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based Solid Sodium Metal Batteries with Stable Cycling Performance at Room Temperature." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1619741453185762.
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Grenier, Antonin. "Development of solid-state Fluoride-ion Batteries : cell design, electrolyte characterization and electrochemical mechanisms." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066128/document.
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Les batteries tout-solides à ions fluorures reposent sur l'échange réversible d'ions F- entre un métal et un fluorure métallique au travers d'un électrolyte solide. Ces dispositifs électrochimiques peuvent théoriquement permettre l'obtention de fortes densités énergétiques, bien supérieures à celles des batteries conventionnelles Li-ion commerciales. En conséquence, les batteries à ions F- suscitent un fort engouement. Dans ce contexte, une partie de nos travaux ont portés sur le développement d'une cellule permettant d'évaluer leurs performances. De plus, les propriétés électrochimiques de l'électrolyte solide LaF3 dopé BaF2, La1-xBaxF3-x, ont fait l'objet d'une attention particulière. Finalement, les changements structuraux s'effectuant au sein des électrodes lors des cycles de charge/décharge ont été étudiés afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes électrochimiques mis en jeuSolid-state fluoride-ion batteries rely on the reversible exchange of the F- ion between a metal and a metal fluoride through a solid electrolyte. These electrochemical devices can theoretically reach energy densities superior to conventional Li-ion commercial batteries. Consequently, fluoride-ion batteries can be seen as a new promising chemistry generating a growing interest. In this context, a part of our work has been dedicated to the development of a cell allowing the evaluation of their electrochemical performance. Moreover, particular attention was given to the electrochemical properties of the solid electrolyte, BaF2-doped LaF3, La1-xBaxF3-x. Finally, the structural changes taking place at the electrodes upon charge/discharge were studied in order to gain insight into the electrochemical mechanisms involved in these devices
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Dodd, Andrew J. "Solid state NMR investigation of a novel Li ion ceramic electrolyte : Li doped BPOâ‚„." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269079.
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Goel, Ekta. "A lithium-ion test cell for characterization of electrode materials and solid electrolyte interphase." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-03062008-081546.
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LINGUA, GABRIELE. "Newly designed single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes enabling advanced Li-metal solid-state batteries." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2969103.
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Su, Zhongyi. "Performance enhancement of all-solid-state batteries by optimizing the electrolyte through advanced microscopy and tomography techniques." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22112.
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NASICON-structured electrolytes of Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3, abbreviated as LAGP, are relatively stable in ambient air, also show good performance regarding Li+ conductivity (up to10-3 S·cm-1 at room temperature), thus are promising applications in ASSLIBs. To understand the ion transport mechanism of LAGP and the Al/Ge exchange system, a detailed study of SEM, Nano-SIMS, TEM and APT characterization applied for LGP and LAGP(X=0.1,0.3,0.5).It was confirmed that, by doping aluminum, the substitution: LiGe2(PO4)3 → Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3, can be accomplished. Al3+ ions partially substitute Ge4+ ions, introducing extra Li+ ions inside the grain. Moreover, an amorphous phase forms along the grain boundaries as LiAlPO4, which contributes to the increase of the density and the improvement of the lithium ion mobility along the grain boundary. Doping extra aluminum enhances the electrochemical performance of the lithium battery by providing more lithium ion channels both inside the grain and along the grain boundaries. We also proved the feasibility of applying atom probe tomography for the ceramic solid electrolyte to study their atomic scale chemical composition.
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Lee, Myongjai. "Ionic conductivity measurement in magnesium aluminate spinel and solid state galvanic cell with magnesium aluminate electrolyte." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3273742.
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Cui, Yuantao [Verfasser], and H. J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Seifert. "Phosphate based ceramic as solid-state electrolyte for lithium ion batteries / Yuantao Cui ; Betreuer: H. J. Seifert." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1170230482/34.
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Paulus, Marc Christoffer Verfasser], Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Granwehr, and Bernhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Blümich. "NMR-investigations on the lithium solid state electrolyte Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) / Marc Christoffer Paulus ; Josef Granwehr, Bernhard Blümich." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1216040818/34.
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Auvergniot, Jérémie. "Étude des mécanismes aux interfaces électrode/électrolyte d’accumulateurs « bulk tout-solide »." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3044/document.
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Les deux décennies écoulées ont connu le formidable essor de l'électronique portable qui a bouleversé notre société, essor rendu possible par l'invention des batteries Li-ion, qui fournissent une densité d'énergie élevée pour un poids et un volume réduits. Nous assistons aujourd'hui à une diversification des besoins en termes de stockage électrochimique de l'énergie, avec le développement de nouvelles applications (énergies renouvelables, transport) dont les contraintes ne sont pas les mêmes. Pour certaines applications, les exigences en termes de sécurité des personnes seront aussi importantes que celles en termes de densité d’énergie et de coût. Par ailleurs, la recherche se tourne de plus en plus vers les batteries Na-ion dont le coût de dépend pas du prix du lithium. En résumé, tel ou tel système de stockage électrochimique sera adapté à telle ou telle application.Le remplacement des électrolytes organiques liquides par des électrolytes solides inorganiques est une solution intéressante pour améliorer la sûreté des batteries, les conducteurs ioniques inorganiques étant non-inflammables, stables à haute température, et supposés plus stables chimiquement et électrochimiquement. L’emploi de ces matériaux dans des batteries « bulk tout-solide » s'accompagne néanmoins de problèmes interfaciaux limitant leurs performances, tels que la perte de contact entre particules aux interfaces, ou encore des problèmes de compatibilité chimique et électrochimique entre les matériaux. L’un des problèmes affectant ce type de batteries est l’interdiffusion d’espèces aux interfaces, accompagnée d'une augmentation d'impédance des batteries au cours du cyclage. Bien que des solutions aient déjà été proposées, comme le revêtement des particules de matière active par une couche de matériau moins réactif, il y a un manque de connaissance des espèces chimiques formées aux interfaces par réaction entre les matériaux, connaissance nécessaire afin d’améliorer les performances de tels systèmes. C'est là que se situait l'objectif de cette thèse: étudier les interactions se produisant aux interfaces électrode-électrolyte au sein de batteries «bulk tout-solide», et identifier les espèces chimiques formées. Le travail a été réalisé entre l’IPREM de Pau et le LRCS de l'Université d'Amiens. Deux électrolytes solides ont été étudiés: l’argyrodite Li6PS5Cl et le NaSICON Na3Zr2Si2PO12. Les matériaux été synthétisés, puis intégrés dans des batteries «bulk tout-solide». Les interfaces ont été caractérisées par spectroscopie photoélectronique à rayonnement X (XPS) et par spectroscopie d’électrons Auger (AES), deux techniques complémentaires, la première permettant l'identification et la quantification des espèces chimiques en extrême surface, la seconde permettant d’obtenir des informations sur leur répartition à l'échelle nanométrique.L’analyse de batteries «bulk tout-solide» basées sur l’électrolyte Na3Zr2Si2PO12 et utilisant le matériau actif Na3V2(PO4)3 a permis mettre en évidence des modifications micromorphologiques au cours du cyclage, accompagnées de phénomènes d’interdiffusion des éléments entre les particules. Les analyses AES conduites sur ce type de batteries nous ont permis de mieux décrire les phénomènes d’autodécharge.Les analyses conduites sur les batteries basées sur l’électrolyte Li6PS5Cl nous ont permis de montrer que cet électrolyte solide présente une bonne stabilité vis à vis du matériau d'électrode négative LTO. En revanche, il présente une réactivité interfaciale avec des matériaux d'électrode positive tels que LCO, NMC, LMO, LFP, ou LiV3O8. Cette réactivité se traduit par la formation d'espèces aux interfaces incluant LiCl, P2Sx , Li2Sn , S0 et des phosphates. En dépit des problèmes de réactivité interfaciale constatés, nous avons pu au cours de cette thèse mettre au point des batteries « tout-solide » basées sur l’électrolyte Li6PS5Cl présentant une bonne rétention de capacité sur 300 cycles lorsqu'elles sont cyclées entre 2,8 et 3,4VThe last two decades have shown a tremendous spreading of portable electronics, changing our society. This change was made possible by the invention of Li-ion batteries, which provide a high energy density for a low weight and volume. More recently the development of new applications, such as electric vehicles or renewable energies, has led to new needs in terms of electrochemical storage. For some applications, user safety will be as important as cost and energy density. On the other hand, research around Na-ion batteries focuses an increased interest, because they do not depend on lithium cost. Replacing organic liquid electrolytes with inorganic solid electrolytes is an interesting solution to improve the safety of batteries, because inorganic ionic conductors are nonflammable, stable at high temperature, and supposed to be chemically and electrochemically more stable. Using those materials in all-solid-state batteries has however several limiting factors, such as loss of contact between particle at the interfaces during cycling, and also chemical/electrochemical compatibility issues between materials. Another issue with this type of batteries is the interdiffusion of species at interfaces leading to an impedance increase during cycling. Several solutions exist to mitigate those issues, such coating the active material particles with a less reactive inorganic material. However there is a lack of knowledge on the species forming at those interfaces, knowledge which is needed to improve the performances of such systems. Studying those interfacial interactions and characterizing the species formed as those interfaces was the main topic of this Ph.D thesis.This work has been done in collaboration between two laboratories : IPREM (University of Pau - CNRS, France) and LRCS (University of Amiens - CNRS, France). Two solid electrolytes have been studied: the argyrodite Li6PS5Cl and the NaSICON Na3Zr2Si2PO12. Those materials have been synthetized, then integrated in bulk all-solid-state batteries and their interfaces were characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Those two techniques provide us very complementary information, the first allowing identification and quantification of surface species, the second one giving access to the spatial repartition of elements at a nanometric level.The analysis of bulk all-solid-state batteries based on the electrolyte Na3Zr2Si2PO12 using the active material Na3V2(PO4)3 showed micromorphologic changes during cycling, as well as interdiffusion phenomena between particles. AES analysis also allowed us to describe self-discharge issues.The study of Li6PS5Cl-based batteries highlighted that this solid electrolyte is stable towards the negative electrode active material LTO. It however has interfacial reactivity towards positive electrode active materials such as LCO, NMC, LMO, LFP and LiV3O8. This reactivity leads to the formation of several species such as LiCl, P2Sx , Li2Sn , S0 and phosphates at the interface with Li6PS5Cl. In spite of the encountered interfacial reactivity issues, we managed to build all-solid-state batteries based on Li6PS5Cl showing a good capacity retention over 300 cycles when cycled between 2.8 and 3.4V
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Ray, Brian M. "A STUDY OF THE LITHIUM IONIC CONDUCTOR Li5La3Ta2O12: FROM SYNTHESIS THROUGH MATERIALS AND TRANSPORT CHARACTERIZATION." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/physastron_etds/18.
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The ionic conductivity of the lithium ionic conductor, Li5La3Ta2O12, is studied in an attempt to better understand the intrinsic bulk ionic conductivity and extrinsic sample dependent contributions to the ionic conductivity, such as grain boundary effects and the electrode-electrolyte interface. To characterize the material, traditional AC impedance spectroscopy studies were performed as well novel in-situ nanoscale transport measurements. To perform the nanoscale measurements, higher quality samples were required and new synthesis techniques developed. The results of these new synthesis techniques was samples with higher densities, up to 96% of theoretical, and slightly higher room temperature ionic conductivity, 2x10^−5 S/cm. By combining the AC impedance spectroscopy results and in-situ nanoscale transport measurements from this study and prior reported results, as well as introducing models traditionally used to analyze supercapacitor systems, a new interpretation of the features seen in the AC impedance spectroscopy studies is presented. This new interpretation challenges the presence of Warburg Diffusion at low frequencies and the offers a new interpretation for the features that have been traditionally associated with grain boundary effects.
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Castillo, Adriana. "Structure et mobilité ionique dans les matériaux d’électrolytes solides pour batteries tout-solide : cas du grenat Li7-3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 et des Nasicon Li1.15-2xMgxZr1.85Y0.15(PO4)3." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX107/document.
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L’un des enjeux pour le développement des batteries tout-solide est d’augmenter la conductivité ionique des électrolytes solides. Le sujet de la thèse porte sur l’étude de deux types de matériaux d’électrolytes solides inorganiques cristallins: les Grenat Li7- 3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 (LLAZO) et les Nasicon Li1.15- 2xMgxZr1.85Y0.15(PO4)3 (LMZYPO). L’objectif de cette étude est de comprendre dans quelle mesure les propriétés conductrices des matériaux étudiés sont impactées par des modifications structurales générées soit par un procédé de traitement particulier, soit par une modification de la composition chimique, et ce grâce au croisement des données structurales acquises par diffraction des rayons X (DRX) et Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN) MAS avec des données de dynamique des ions déduites de mesures de RMN en température et de spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique (SIE).Les poudres ont été synthétisées après optimisation des traitements thermiques par méthode solide-solide ou solgel. La densification des pastilles utilisées pour les mesures de conductivité ionique par SIE a été réalisée par la technique de frittage Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS).Dans le cas des grenats LLAZO, l’originalité de notre travail est d’avoir montré qu’un traitement de frittage par SPS, au-delà de la densification attendue des pastilles, engendre également des modifications structurales qui ont des conséquences directes sur la mobilité des ions lithium dans le matériau et par conséquent sur la conductivité ionique. Une augmentation franche de la dynamique microscopique des ions lithium après frittage par SPS a en effet été observée par des mesures en température de RMN de 7Li et le suivi des constantes de relaxation.La deuxième partie de l’étude constitue un travail exploratoire sur la substitution de Li+ par Mg2+ dans LMZYPO. Nous avons ainsi étudié les propriétés de conduction ionique de ces composés mixtes Li/Mg, en parallèle d’un examen minutieux des phases cristallines formées. Nous avons notamment montré que la présence de Mg2+ favorise la formation des phases β’ (P21/n) et β (Pbna) moins conductrices ce qui explique la diminution de la conductivité ionique avec le taux de substitution de Li+ par Mg2+ observée dans ces matériaux de type Nasicon.Nos travaux soulignent donc l’importance primordiale des effets de structure sur les propriétés de matériaux d’électrolytes solides de type céramiqueOne of the issues for the development of all-solid-state batteries is to increase the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes. The thesis work focuses on two types of materials as crystalline inorganic solid electrolytes: a Garnet Li7-3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 (LLAZO) and a Nasicon Li1.15-2xMgxZr1.85Y0.15(PO4)3 (LMZYPO). The objective of this study is to understand to what extent the conduction properties of the studied materials are impacted by structural modifications generated either by a particular treatment process, or by a modification of the chemical composition. Structural data acquired by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were then crossed with ions dynamics data deduced from NMR measurements at variable temperature and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The powders were synthesized after optimizing thermal treatments using solid-solid or sol-gel methods. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique was used for the densification of the pellets used for ionic conductivity measurements by EIS.In the case of garnets LLAZO, the originality of our work is to have shown that a SPS sintering treatment, beyond the expected pellets densification, also generates structural modifications having direct consequences on the lithium ions mobility in the material and therefore on the ionic conductivity. A clear increase of the lithium ions microscopic dynamics after SPS sintering was indeed observed by variable temperature 7Li NMR measurements and the monitoring of the relaxation times.The second part of the study provides an exploratory work on the substitution of Li+ by Mg2+ in LMZYPO. We studied the ionic conduction properties of these mixed Li/Mg compounds, in parallel with a fine examination of the crystalline phases formed. We have showed in particular that the presence of Mg2+ favors the formation of the less conductive β’ (P21/n) and β (Pbna) phases, which explains the decrease of the ionic conductivity with the substitution level of Li+ by Mg2+ observed in these Nasicon type materials.Our work therefore highlights the crucial importance of structural effects on the conduction properties of ceramic solid electrolyte materials
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Wiemhöfer, Hans-Dieter. "Lithium Ion Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Films for Solid State Batteries – An Overview on Concepts, Techniques and Results." Diffusion fundamentals 21 (2014) 7, S.1, 2014. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32399.
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Fu, Guopeng. "INVESTIGATION ON THE STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS IN HIGHLY ION-CONDUCTIVE POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANES FOR ALL-SOLID-STATE LITHIUM ION BATTERIES." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1508508844968127.
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Chometon, Ronan. "Exploring the role of polymers in scaling up the manufacturing of solid-state batteries." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS046.
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Dans un contexte de transition vers les énergies renouvelables et d'électrification de la mobilité, les batteries sont un rouage indispensable à cette transformation. Alors que la technologie lithium-ion est aujourd'hui largement établie, la course à la performance en matière de densité d'énergie mise sur les batteries tout-solide, encore à l'état de prototype. Elles sont basées sur le principe du transfert de charge au travers de contacts purement solides, complexes à former et à maintenir, et donc sources de nombreux problèmes associés à leur fonctionnement. La mise à l'échelle des procédés de fabrication des batteries tout-solide est particulièrement critique et nécessite un changement de stratégie d'assemblage, en abandonnant le format en pastille pour tendre vers un montage en feuillets. Dans ce contexte, nos travaux de recherche ont porté sur le rôle des polymères dans l'adaptation du procédé d'assemblage, en tant que liant des particules inorganiques. Nous avons exploré deux stratégies qui se distinguent par rapport à la nature de ce liant, pouvant être conducteur ou non des ions lithium. Dans une première approche, l'électrolyte polymère PEO:LiTFSI a été utilisé pour préparer des films autosupportés d'électrolyte hybride à haut taux de charges inorganiques Li6PS5Cl, suivant un procédé à sec. L'instabilité des deux électrolytes en contact génère cependant une interphase trop résistive pour assurer une conduction ionique conjointe au sein de l'hybride. Dans un souci de simplification du système, une nouvelle approche a été adoptée, se basant sur un liant non conducteur, le PVDF-HFP, pour la préparation et le coulage en bande d'une encre afin d'obtenir des films d'électrodes et de séparateurs. Une optimisation minutieuse des paramètres a permis d'obtenir des résultats encourageants puisque que proches du système de référence ne contenant pas de liant, et ce même à basse pression de cyclage. La fiabilité du procédé développé au cours de cette thèse ouvre maintenant la voie vers l'assemblage de cellules tout-solide complètes, intégrant une anode à haute densité d'énergie telle que le lithium métalThe imperative transition toward renewable energy sources and the ongoing electrification of transportation position battery technologies at the forefront of this transformation. While the lithium-ion technology is already well-established, the quest for higher energy density has drawn significant attention to the emerging solid-state batteries (SSBs). Their working principle is based on ion and electron transfers through solid-solid contacts, which are complex to master and sustain, giving rise to most of the challenges associated with their realisation. Especially, the capability to scale up SSBs' fabrication process is critical for future implementation and calls for a shift from pellet-type to sheet-type assembly. Thus, this doctoral research delved into the role of polymers in facilitating this transition by exploring two strategies differing on the binder's ability to conduct lithium ions. In the first approach, we capitalised on the polymer electrolyte PEO:LiTFSI favourable mechanical properties to prepare self-standing films of hybrid solid electrolyte with a high content of Li6PS5Cl, using a dry process. However, the instability between the organic and inorganic phases resulted in a resistive interphase that prevents a shared conduction mechanism within the hybrid. After that, we pursued a simpler approach to fabricate self-standing SSBs by employing a conventional non-conductive binder, PVDF-HFP, and using a slurry-based tape casting process. The thorough optimisation of the formulation and preparation of the electrodes and solid-state separators gave promising results, closely approaching the electrochemical performance of binder-free reference SSBs, even under low operating pressure. The reliability of our fabrication process thus paves the way for assembling self-standing solid-state full cells, integrating high energy density anodes such as lithium metal
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He, Ruixuan. "Studies on Ionic Conductivity and Electrochemical Stability of Plasticized Photopolymerized Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Solid State Lithium Ion Batteries." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1478969519588062.
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Lee, Jeremy J. "Fabrication and Characterizations of LAGP/PEO Composite Electrolytes for All Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1527273235003087.
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Cluzeau, Benoît. "Développement de batteries lithium-ion « Tout solide » pour véhicules électriques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3071.
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L'amélioration continue des performances des batteries Li-ion au cours des deux dernières décennies a permis l'introduction de nombreuses automobiles électriques sur le marché. Cependant, les demandes concernant la sécurité, l'autonomie et la charge rapide des véhicules nécessitent le développement de nouvelles technologies plus performantes.C'est dans cette optique qu'a été fondé le projet RAISE 2024 dans lequel s'inscrit cette thèse. Cette collaboration entre SAFT, ARKEMA et l'université de Pau et des pays de l'Adour vise à développer une batterie à électrolyte solide. Le développement d'un tel système possède un objectif double, à savoir le renforcement de la sécurité lors du fonctionnement des batteries, et l'utilisation de nouveaux matériaux d'électrode de plus forte capacité comme le lithium métal.Pour atteindre cet objectif, deux électrolytes ont été étudiés dans cette thèse. Le premier est constitué d'un électrolyte polymère gélifié obtenu par la réticulation d'un polymère mélangé à un électrolyte liquide. Il permet d'obtenir de bonnes performances en matière de conductivité ionique à température ambiante (10-3 S/cm) et son utilisation en batterie a permis de réaliser plus de 700 cycles avec une rétention de capacité supérieure à 80%. L'impact de la matrice polymère sur les performances a été étudié à travers une série de tests électrochimiques et d'analyse de surface (XPS). Enfin, les tests de sécurité effectués sur des cellules contenant cet électrolyte permettent de mettre en évidence une diminution significative de la quantité d'énergie libérée.Enfin, un deuxième système conducteur ionique a été étudié. Il se présente sous la forme d'une membrane polymère, plastifiée avec un liquide ionique et un solvant. Cette membrane permet d'obtenir une conductivité ionique supérieure à 10-4 S/cm à température ambiante. Couplée à un électrolyte gélifié dans les électrodes pour favoriser le contact au niveau des interfaces, la membrane présente une résistance élevée à la formation de dendrites de lithium. Son utilisation dans une cellule composée d'une électrode positive de NMC 811 et d'une électrode négative de lithium métal a permis de réaliser plus de 200 cycles à un régime de C/5, D/2 avant de perdre 20% de la capacité initialeImprovements in the performances of Li-ion batteries in the past two decades, has enabled the introduction of many electric cars on the market. However, demands regarding the safety, autonomy, and fast charging require the development of new and more efficient technologies.It was in this context that the RAISE 2024 project, in which this thesis is part of, was founded. This collaboration between ARKEMA, SAFT and the University of Pau and Adour Countries aims to develop a lithium ion battery with a solid electrolyte. The development of such a system has a double objective: the reinforcement of safety during operation, and the use of new electrode materials with higher capacity such as metallic lithium.To achieve this objective, two electrolytes were studied in this thesis. The first consists of a gelled electrolyte obtained by crosslinking of a polymer matrix. It provides good performance in terms of ionic conductivity at room temperature (10-3 S/cm). More than 700 cycles were achieved with this electrolyte in a battery cell before reaching 80% of initial capacity. The impact of polymer matrix on performance was studied through a series of electrochemical tests and surface analysis (XPS). Finally, safety tests (nail penetration) carried out on cells filled with this electrolyte show a significant reduction of energy released.Finally, a second ionic conductor was studied. It comes in the form of a polymer membrane, plasticized with an ionic liquid and a solvent. This membrane exhibits ionic conductivity above 10-4 S/cm at room temperature. Coupled with a gel electrolyte in electrodes to improve interfacial contact, the membrane shows a high resistance to lithium dendrites. A cell using this electrolyte and composed of NMC 811 as positive electrode and lithium metal as negative electrode performed 200 cycles at a rate of C/5, D/2 before losing 20% of its initial capacity
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Rendon, Piedrahita Camilo. "Study of highly conductive, flexible polymer electrolyte membranes and their novel flexoelectric effect." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1541440496157425.
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Castro, Alexandre. "Développement de batteries tout solide sodium ion à base d’électrolyte en verre de chalcogénures." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S126/document.
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L'évolution des consommations énergétiques au cours des dernières décennies entraîne des modifications majeures dans la conception des systèmes électriques autonomes à fournir, que ce soit pour des applications électriques ou électroniques. La nécessité présente de réaliser des générateurs capables de délivrer l'énergie suffisante, avec une garantie de sûreté maximale, impose à la recherche l'exploration de nouvelles voies de stockage. Les voies actuelles par accumulateurs au lithium tendent à montrer leurs limites, tant stratégiques qu'environnementales. Dans ce cadre, la construction de nouveaux systèmes électrochimiques mettant en œuvre le sodium ouvre une possibilité de réalisation d'accumulateurs sans lithium. Le besoin de batteries toujours plus performantes oblige à des conceptions innovantes, abandonnant la voie liquide au profit de systèmes tout solide plus sécuritaires. De plus, la miniaturisation de l'électronique conduit à revoir le dimensionnement des batteries, vers des batteries de type micro, pour lesquelles l'intérêt d'un empilement tout solide n'est plus à démontrer. Aujourd'hui, des verres de chalcogénures au soufre permettent l'accès à des conductivités ioniques qui laissent entrevoir la possibilité d'une réalisation de batteries tout solide, à la fois sous forme de micro batteries ou de batteries massives. Un effort de recherche a été porté à la formulation de ces verres de chalcogénures afin d'obtenir des conductivités ioniques maximales et des propriétés autorisant leur utilisation comme électrolyte. La modification de ces verres met alors en lumière l'intérêt des différents éléments les composant. L'étude de la mise en forme de l'électrolyte par dépôts de type couches minces (obtenues par Radio Fréquence Magnétron Sputering, RFMS) prouve la faisabilité de ces micro batteries tout solide au sodium. Par la suite, la réalisation de batteries massives tout solide a demandé la synthèse de deux matériaux de cathode (NaCrO2 et Na[Ni0,25Fe0,5Mn0,25]O2) et de deux matériaux d'anode (Na15Sn4 et Na) permettant ainsi la mise en œuvre de quatre empilements électrochimiques, tous caractérisés comme accumulateurs. Enfin, l'amélioration des interfaces grâce à un gel-polymère a permis de perfectionner les propriétés des assemblages avec notamment une augmentation des vitesses de charge/décharge et une mobilisation accrue des matériaux actifs de cathodeThe evolution of energy consumption in recent decades has led to major changes in the design of autonomous electrical systems dedicated to either electrical or electronic applications. The present demand to build generators capable of delivering sufficient energy, with a guarantee of maximum safety, requires to explore new storage routes. The current lithium battery routes tend to show their limits, both strategic and environmental. In this context, the construction of new electrochemical systems implementing sodium opens the way of the lithium-free accumulators production. The need for ever more efficient batteries requires innovative designs, giving up the liquid path in favor of stronger solid systems. In addition, the miniaturization of electronics leads to a review of the size of the batteries, to micro-type batteries, for which the interest of a solid stack is no longer to demonstrate. Today, sulfur chalcogenide glasses allow access to ionic conductivities that suggest the possibility of a realization of all solid batteries, both in the form of micro batteries or massive batteries. A research effort has been made to formulate these chalcogenide glasses in order to obtain a maximum of ionic conductivity and properties allowing their use as electrolytes. The composition of these glasses highlights the interest of the different elements for such properties. The study of the electrolyte shaping by thin-film deposition (obtained by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputering, RFMS) proves the feasibility of these all-solid sodium micro-batteries. Subsequently, the realization of massive all solid batteries required the synthesis of two cathode materials (NaCrO2 and Na [Ni0.25Fe0.5Mn0.25]O2) and two anode materials (Na15Sn4 and Na) thus allowing the implementation of four electrochemical stacks, all characterized as accumulators. Finally, the improvement of the interfaces thanks to a gel-polymer made it possible to improve the properties of the assemblies with notably an increase of the speeds of charge / discharge and an enhanced mobilization of the cathode active materials
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Yang, Xiangwen, Zhixing Lin, Jingxu Zheng, Yingjuan Huang, Bin Chen, Yiyong Mai, and Xinliang Feng. "Facile template-free synthesis of vertically aligned polypyrrole nanosheets on nickel foams for flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-224947.
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This paper reports a novel and remarkably facile approach towards vertically aligned nanosheets on three-dimensional (3D) Ni foams. Conducting polypyrrole (PPy) sheets were grown on Ni foam through the volatilization of the environmentally friendly solvent from an ethanol–water solution of pyrrole (Py), followed by the polymerization of the coated Py in ammonium persulfate (APS) solution. The PPy-decorated Ni foams and commercial activated carbon (AC) modified Ni foams were employed as the two electrodes for the assembly of flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. The sheet-like structure of PPy and the macroporous feature of the Ni foam, which render large electrode–electrolyte interfaces, resulted in good capacitive performance of the supercapacitors. Moreover, a high energy density of ca. 14 Wh kg−1 and a high power density of 6.2 kW kg−1 were achieved for the all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors due to the wide cell voltage window.
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Yang, Xiangwen, Zhixing Lin, Jingxu Zheng, Yingjuan Huang, Bin Chen, Yiyong Mai, and Xinliang Feng. "Facile template-free synthesis of vertically aligned polypyrrole nanosheets on nickel foams for flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30332.
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This paper reports a novel and remarkably facile approach towards vertically aligned nanosheets on three-dimensional (3D) Ni foams. Conducting polypyrrole (PPy) sheets were grown on Ni foam through the volatilization of the environmentally friendly solvent from an ethanol–water solution of pyrrole (Py), followed by the polymerization of the coated Py in ammonium persulfate (APS) solution. The PPy-decorated Ni foams and commercial activated carbon (AC) modified Ni foams were employed as the two electrodes for the assembly of flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors. The sheet-like structure of PPy and the macroporous feature of the Ni foam, which render large electrode–electrolyte interfaces, resulted in good capacitive performance of the supercapacitors. Moreover, a high energy density of ca. 14 Wh kg−1 and a high power density of 6.2 kW kg−1 were achieved for the all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors due to the wide cell voltage window.
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Takahashi, Masakuni. "Elucidation of the Dominant Factor in Electrochemical Materials Using Pair Distribution Function Analysis." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263748.
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京都大学新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第23287号
人博第1002号
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 内本 喜晴, 教授 田部 勢津久, 准教授 戸﨑 充男
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Tarhouchi, Ilyas. "Etude des phases Li10MP2S12 (M=Sn, Si) comme électrolyte pour batteries tout-solide massives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0220/document.
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En remplaçant l’électrolyte liquide par un solide, les batteries tout-solide massivessont souvent considérées comme une solution aux problèmes de sécurité desbatteries Li-ion actuelles. La récente découverte du matériau Li10GeP2S12 destructure dite LGPS présentant une conductivité ionique équivalente à celles desélectrolytes liquides a réactivé ce domaine de recherche.Dans cette optique, nous avons étudié les matériaux Li10MP2S12 (M=Sn, Si) destructure LGPS, au moyen de diverses caractérisations structurales (DRX,RMN du 31P, spectroscopie Mössbauer …), de propriétés de mobilité/conductionionique (RMN du 7Li, spectroscopie d’impédance) et de propriétés électrochimiques(voltammétrie cyclique, cyclage galvanostatique).Les échantillons commerciaux de Li10SnP2S12 contiennent des impuretés et uneincertitude subsiste sur la composition de la phase de structure LGPS. Lamodélisation des déplacements de RMN du 31P a notamment permis de mettre enévidence l’influence des lithium en site octaédrique adjacents. Les mesuresd’impédance suggèrent une réactivité avec le Li métallique et la voltammétrieconfirme que cette phase est très instable à bas potentiel, excluant son utilisation entant que simple électrolyte dans une batterie tout-solide. Nous proposons qu’il puisseêtre utilisé à la fois comme électrolyte et comme matériau de négative.L’étude préliminaire des matériaux au silicium souligne la difficulté d’obtention dematériau pur de structure LGPS, et conduit à la mise en cause du modèle structuraldit thio-LiSICON. Par ailleurs, elle montre là encore l’instabilité de ces matériauxface au lithium métalBy replacing the liquid electrolyte by a solid one, solid state batteries are oftenconsidered as a solution to safety issues in current Li-ion batteries. The recentdiscovery of Li10GeP2S12 with so-called LGPS structure, which exhibits an ionicconductivity equivalent to that of liquid electrolytes, has boosted related researchactivities.In this perspective, we studied the Li10MP2S12 (M=Sn, Si) materials with LGPSstructure, using various methods to characterize the structure (XRD, 31P NMR,Mössbauer spectroscopy …), the ionic mobility/conductivity (7Li NMR, Impedancespectroscopy), and the electrochemical properties (cycling voltammetry,galvanostatic cycling) of the material.Commercially available Li10SnP2S12 batches contain impurities and there remains anambiguity in the actual composition of the LGPS type phase. Modelling of the 31PNMR shifts reveals the effect of lithium in neighboring octahedral sites. Impedencemeasurements suggest reactivity with Li metal, and cyclic voltammetry confirms thatthe material is highly unstable at low potential, which excludes its use as a simpleelectrolyte in solid state batteries. We propose that it might be used both as anelectrolyte and as a negative electrode.The preliminary study on silicon based materials highlights difficulties in obtaining apure LGPS-type compound and questions the real nature of the so-calledthio-LiSICON structural model. Besides, it also shows the instability of thesematerials versus lithium metal
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Bu, Junfu. "Advanced BaZrO3-BaCeO3 Based Proton Conductors Used for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (ITSOFCs)." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad processmetallurgi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-165073.
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In this thesis, the focus is on studying BaZrO3-BaCeO3 based proton conductors due to that they represent very promising proton conductors to be used for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (ITSOFCs). Here, dense BaZr0.5Ce0.3Y0.2O3-δ (BZCY532) ceramics were selected as the major studied materials. These ceramics were prepared by different sintering methods and doping strategies. Based on achieved results, the thesis work can simply be divided into the following parts: 1) An improved synthesis method, which included a water-based milling procedure followed by a freeze-drying post-processing, was presented. A lowered calcination and sintering temperature for a Hf0.7Y0.3O2-δ (YSH) compound was achieved. The value of the relative density in this work was higher than previously reported data. It is also concluded that this improved method can be used for mass-production of ceramics. 2) As the solid-state reactive sintering (SSRS) represent a cost-effective sintering method, the sintering behaviors of proton conductors BaZrxCe0.8-xLn0.2O3-δ (x = 0.8, 0.5, 0.1; Ln = Y, Sm, Gd, Dy) during the SSRS process were investigated. According to the obtained results, it was found that the sintering temperature will decrease, when the Ce content increases from 0 (BZCLn802) to 0.3 (BZCLn532) and 0.7 (BZCLn172). Moreover, the radii of the dopant ions similar to the radii of Zr4+ or Ce4+ ions show a better sinterability. This means that it is possible to obtain dense ceramics at a lower temperature. Moreover, the conductivities of dense BZCLn532 ceramics were determined. The conductivity data indicate that dense BZCY532 ceramics are good candidates as either oxygen ion conductors or proton conductors used for ITSOFCs. 3) The effect of NiO on the sintering behaviors, morphologies and conductivities of BZCY532 based electrolytes were systematically investigated. According to the achieved results, it can be concluded that the dense BZCY532B ceramics (NiO was added during ball-milling before a powder mixture calcination) show an enhanced oxygen and proton conductivity. Also, that BZCY532A (NiO was added after a powder mixture calcination) and BZCY532N (No NiO was added in the whole preparation procedures) showed lower values. In addition, dense BZCY532B and BZCY532N ceramics showed only small electronic conductivities, when the testing temperature was lower than 800 ℃. However, the BZCY532A ceramics revealed an obvious electronic conduction, when they were tested in the range of 600 ℃ to 800 ℃. Therefore, it is preferable to add the NiO powder during the BZCY532 powder preparation, which can lower the sintering temperature and also increase the conductivity. 4) Dense BZCY532 ceramics were successfully prepared by using the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method at a temperature of 1350 ℃ with a holding time of 5 min. It was found that a lower sintering temperature (< 1400 ℃) and a very fast cooling rate (> 200 ℃/min) are two key parameters to prepare dense BZCY532 ceramics. These results confirm that the SPS technique represents a feasible and cost-effective sintering method to prepare dense Ce-containing BaZrO3-BaCeO3 based proton conductors. 5) Finally, a preliminary study for preparation of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ (SDC) and BZCY532 basedcomposite electrolytes was carried out. The novel SDC-BZCY532 based composite electrolytes were prepared by using the powder mixing and co-sintering method. The sintering behaviors, morphologies and ionic conductivities of the composite electrolytes were investigated. The obtained results show that the composite electrolyte with a composition of 60SDC-40BZCY532 has the highest conductivity. In contrast, the composite electrolyte with a composition of 40SDC-60BZCY532 shows the lowest conductivity. In summary, the results show that BaZrO3-BaCeO3 based proton-conducting ceramic materials represent very promising materials for future ITSOFCs electrolyte applications.QC 20150423
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Osenciat, Nicolas. "Propriétés de transport dans les oxydes à haute entropie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF005.
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Ces travaux de thèse visent à estimer le potentiel d'un nouveau matériau pour des applications d'électrolyte solide dans des accumulateurs électrochimiques tout-solide et/ou dans des micro-batteries. Ce nouveau composé, qui possède une conductivité ionique du Li+ et du Na+ remarquable, appartient à une nouvelle classe d'oxydes découverts récemment par Rost et al. (Nature Communication, 2015). Cette nouvelle famille est formée suite à la stabilisation par entropie de configuration à haute température d'une phase simple à partir d'un mélange complexe d'oxydes binaires (dans notre cas, en une structure de type NaCl). Nous avons étudié les mécanismes de compensation de charges opérant lors de la synthèse de la série de composés (MgCoNiCuZn)1−xLixO et l'influence de leur composition sur leurs propriétés de conductivité ionique. Nous avons tenté d'utiliser la méthode originale de Cold Sintering Process pour densifier ces composés à basse température, sans parvenir à obtenir des céramiques exempt de défaut. Enfin, nous avons également développé et décrit structuralement, ainsi qu'électrochimiquement, un nouveau matériau d'électrode négative, potentiellement compatible avec ces oxydes stabilités par entropie, le titanate de lithium multi-cationique Li2(Mg,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)Ti3O8The aim of this thesis is to assess the potential of a new material for solid-state electrolyte applications in all-solid-state batteries and/or micro-batteries. This new compound, which exhibits remarkable Li+ and Na+ ionic conductivity, belongs to a new class of oxides, recently discovered by Rost et al. (Nature Communication, 2015). This new family is formed through configuration entropy stabilisation, at high temperature, into a simple single phase, from a complex mixture of binary oxides (in our case NaCl-Rocksalt structure). We have studied the charge compensation mechanisms involved in the synthesis of the (MgCoNiCuZn)1−xLixO series and the influence of their composition on their ionic conductivity properties. We have attempted to densify these compounds at low temperature using the original Cold Sintering Process, without succeeding in obtaining defect-free ceramics. Finally, we have also developed and described the crystallographic structure and the electrochemical behaviour of a new anode material (possibly compatible with these entropy-stabilised oxides), the Li2(Mg,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn)Ti3O8 multicationic lithium titanate
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Grothe, Dorian C. "Entwicklung und Synthese von Materialien für Polyelektrolytmembranen mit ionischen Flüssigkeiten zum Einsatz in Lithium-Ionen-Batterien." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6369/.
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Für den Einsatz in Autobatterien gibt es besondere Anforderungen an den Elektrolyten im Bereich der Energie- und Leistungsdichten, um beispielsweise thermische Verluste gering zu halten. Hochleitfähige Elektrolyte mit Leitfähigkeiten im Millisiemensbereich sind hier ebenso notwendig wie auch sichere, d.h. möglichst nicht brennbare und einen niedrigen Dampfdruck besitzende Materialien.
Um diese Vorgaben zu erreichen, ist es notwendig, einen polymeren Separator zu entwickeln, welcher auf brennbare organische Lösungsmittel verzichtet und damit eine drastische Steigerung der Sicherheit gewährleistet. Gleichzeitig müssen hierbei die Leistungsvorgaben bezüglich der Leitfähigkeit erfüllt werden.
Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein Konzept basierend auf der Kombination von einer polymeren sauerstoffreichen Matrix und einer ionischen Flüssigkeit entwickelt und verifiziert. Dabei wurden folgende Erkenntnisse gewonnen:
1. Es wurden neuartige diacrylierte sauerstoffreiche Matrixkomponenten mit vielen Carbonylfunktionen, für eine gute Lithiumleitfähigkeit, synthetisiert.
2. Es wurden mehrere neue ionische Flüssigkeiten sowohl auf Imidazolbasis als auch auf Ammoniumbasis synthetisiert und charakterisiert.
3. Die Einflüsse der Kationenstruktur und der Einfluss der Gegenionen im Bezug auf Schmelzpunkte und Leitfähigkeiten wurden untersucht.
4. Aus den entwickelten Materialien wurden Blendsysteme hergestellt und mittels Impedanzspektrometrie untersucht: Leitfähigkeiten von 10-4S/cm bei Raumtemperatur sind realisierbar.
5. Die Blendsysteme wurden auf ihre thermische Stabilität hin untersucht: Stabilitäten bis 250°C sind erreichbar. Dabei wird keine kristalline Struktur beobachtet.Within the field of energy storage and charge transfer, the lithium polymer batteries are one of the leading technologies, due to their low manufacture cost and their possible variety of packaging shapes. Despite their good thermal stability and very good weight to energy ratio, lithium ion batteries use as a electrolyte system a mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate as solvent which have a high risk of deflagration when they come in contact with water. Thus the developement of new materials for lithium-ion-batteries are necessary. For the electrolyte there are special requirements in terms of energy- and power density e.g. in order to minimize thermal loss. High conductivity electrolytes with conductivities in the range of milisiemens are as essential as safe materials, like non flammable non-volatile materials. To fulfill these requirements it is important to develop a polymeric lithium ion conductor, which is free of flammable organic solvents in order to ensure safety. Simultaneously it is also ,mandatory to achieve high performances in terms of ion-conductivity. Therefore a concept based on a combination of an oxygen rich polymeric matrix and ionic liquids was developed and verified. Following results were achieved . 1. Synthesis of new diacryalted oxygen rich matrix components with many carbonylfunctions for a good lithium ion transport. 2. Synthesis and characterization of new ionic liquids based on imidazol or ammonium compounds. 3. Investigation of the influences of the cation structure and counter ions for melting points and ion conductivity. 4. Creation of Blendsystems with the developed materials 5. Thermal investigations of these solid-state-electrolytes with DSC and TGA measurements, resulting in thermal stabilities up to 250°C.No crystallization were observed. 6. investigation of these solid-state-electrolytes via AC-impedance spectrometry, resulting in conductivities of 10-4S/cm at room temperature.
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Chen, Songela Wenqian. "Modeling ion mobility in solid-state polymer electrolytes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122534.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 31-32).
We introduce a course-grained model of ion diffusion in a solid-state polymer electrolyte. Among many tunable parameters, we investigate the effect of ion concentration, ion-polymer attraction, and polymer disorder on cation diffusion. For the conditions tested, we find that ion concentration has little effect on diffusion. Polymer disorder creates local variation in behavior, which we call "trapping" (low diffusion) and "free diffusing" (high diffusion) regions. Changing ion-polymer attraction modulates the relative importance of trapping and free diffusing behavior. Using this model, we can continue to investigate how a number of factors affect cation diffusion both mechanistically and numerically, with the end goal of enabling rapid computational material design.
by Songela Wenqian Chen.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry
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You, Liang. "Copper Sulfide Solid-State Electrolytic Memory Devices." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1160337918.
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aoxiang, Xiaoxiang. "Development of new proton conducting materials for intermediate temperature fuel cells." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/887.
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The work in this thesis mainly focuses on the preparation and characterization of several phosphates and solid oxide systems with the aim of developing new proton conducting materials for intermediate temperature fuel cells (ITFCs). Soft chemical methods such as sol-gel methods and conventional solid state methods were applied for the synthesis of these materials. Aluminum phosphate obtained by a solution method is single phase and belongs to one of the Al(H₂PO₄)₃ allotropies with hexagonal symmetry. The material is stable up to 200°C and decomposes into Al(PO₃)₃ at a higher temperature. The electrical conductivity of pure Al(H₂PO₄)₃ is on the order of 10⁻⁶-10⁻⁷ S/cm, very close to the value for the known proton conductors AlH₃(PO₄)₂•3H₂O and AlH₂P₃O₁₀•2H₂O. Much higher conductivity is observed for samples containing even a trace amount of excess H₃PO₄. It is likely that the conduction path gradually changes from grain interior to the surface as the acid content increases. The conductivity of Al(H₂PO₄)₃-0.5H₃PO₄ exhibited a good stability over the measured 110 hours. Although tin pyrophosphate (SnP₂O₇) has been reported to show a significantly high conductivity (~10⁻² S/cm) at 250°C in various atmospheres, we observed large discrepancies in the electrical properties of SnP₂O₇ prepared by different methods. Using an excess amount of phosphorous in the synthetic procedure generally produces SnP₂O₇ with much higher conductivity (several orders of magnitude higher) than samples with stoichiometric Sn:P ratios in their synthetic procedure. Solid state ³¹P NMR confirmed the presence of residual phosphoric acid for samples with excess starting phosphorous. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) confirmed an amorphous layer covered the SnP₂O₇ granules which was probably phosphoric acid or condensed phases. Thereby, it is quite likely that the high conductivity of SnP₂O₇ results mainly from the contribution of the residual acid. The conductivity of these samples exhibited a good stability over the measured 80 hours. Based on the observations for SnP₂O₇, we developed a nano core-shell structure based on BPO₄ and P₂O₅ synthesised by solid state methods. The particle size of BPO₄ using this method varied between 10-20 nm depending on the content of P₂O₅. TEM confirmed the existence of an amorphous layer that is homogeneously distributed. The composite exhibits the highest conductivity of 8.8×10⁻² S/cm at 300°C in air for 20% extra P₂O₅ and demonstrates a good stability during the whole measured 110 hours. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was introduced into the composites in order to increase malleability for fabrication. The conductivity and mechanical strength were optimized by adjusting the PTFE and P₂O₅ content. These organic-inorganic composites demonstrate much better stability at elevated temperature (250°C) over conventional SiC-H₃PO₄-PTFE composites which are common electrolytes for phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs). Fuel cells based on BPO₄-H₃PO₄-PTFE composite as the electrolyte were investigated using pure H₂ and methanol as fuels. A maximum power density of 320 mW/cm² at a voltage of 0.31 V and a maximum current density of 1.9 A/cm² at 200°C were observed for H₂/O₂ fuel cells. A maximum power density of 40 mW/cm² and maximum current of 300 mA/cm² 275°C were observed when 3M methanol was used in the cell. Phosphoric acid was also introduced into materials with internal open structures such as phosphotungstic acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and heteropolyacid salt ((NH₄)₃PW₁₂O₄₀), for the purpose of acquiring additional connections. The hybrids obtained have a cubic symmetry with enlarged unit cell volume, probably due to the incorporation of phosphoric acid into the internal structures. Solid state ³¹P NMR performed on H₃PW₁₂O₄₀-xH₃PO₄ (x = 0-3) showed additional peaks at high acid content which could not assigned to phosphorus from the starting materials, suggesting a strong interaction between H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ and H₃PO₄. The conductivity of hybrids was improved significantly compared with samples without phosphoric acid. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) suggest the existence of large amount of hydrogen bonds (OH••••O) that may responsible for the high conductivity. A H₂/O₂ fuel cell based on H₃PW₁₂O₄₀-H₃PO₄-PTFE exhibited a peak power density of 2.7 mW/cm² at 0.3 V in ambient temperature. Solid oxide proton conductors based on yttrium doped BaZrO₃ were investigated by introducing potassium or lanthanum at the A-sites. The materials were prepared by different methods and were obtained as a single phase with space group Pm-3m (221). The unit cell of these samples is slightly smaller than the undoped one. The upper limit of solid solution formation on the A-sites for potassium is between 5 ~ 10% as introducing more K results in the occurrence of a second phase or impurities such as YSZ (yttrium stabilized zirconium). K doped Barium zirconates showed an improved water uptake capability even with 5% K doping, whereas for La doped ones, water uptake is strongly dependent on particle size and synthetic history. The conductivity of K doped BaZrO₃ was improved by a factor of two (2×10⁻³ S/cm) at 600°C compared with undoped material. Fuel cells based on Pt/Ba₀₋₉₅K₀₋₀₅Zr₀₋₈₅Y₀₋₁₁Zn₀₋₀₄O[subscript(3-δ)]/Pt under humidified 5% H₂/air conditions gave a maximum power density 7.7 mWcm⁻² at 718°C and an interfacial resistance 4 Ωcm⁻². While for La doped samples, the conductivity was comparable with undoped ones; the benefits of introducing lanthanum at A-sites may not be so obvious as deficiency of barium is one factor that leads to the diminishing conductivity.
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Young, Kevin Edward. "Ionic conductivity in silicate - containing solid electrolytes." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335654.
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Sivapalan, Nagalingam. "Electrical and electrochemical studies of some solid electrolytes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236018.
Full textAbstract:
In Chapter 1 solid electrolytes are reviewed. The historical development, mechanism of ionic conduction in solids and the properties and applications of important solid electrolytes are given. Chapter 2 discusses impedance methods as applied to electrochemistry and the equivalent circuit representation of the solid electrolyte/electrode interface. The application of a computer program that gives theoretical impedance and/or admittance plots is also described. The application of four-electrode conductivity measurements to solid electrolytes is described in Chapter 3. Since this is the first time these four-electrode measurements have been employed with solid electrolytes, a detailed review of the theoretical calculations and the errors involved are presented. The results from the experiments on the solid electrolyte PyAg5I6(Py=C5H6N) are also given. In Chapter 4, the cathodic deposition of silver from PyAg5I6 and its subsequent recovery by anodic polarisation are examined. The behaviour of solid silver and silver painted electrodes in this perspective is compared. The solid electrolyte galvanic cell AgmidPyAg5I6midMe4NI5, C is investigated in Chapter 5. Various cell parameters are measured and the charge/discharge characteristics examined. Finally in Chapter 6 the behaviour of zeolites as solid ionic conductors is reviewed and the results of some preliminary studies on zeolite-Y are presented.
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Huang, Junhua 1973. "A study of plastic crystals as novel solid state electrolytes." Monash University, School of Chemistry, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5522.
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Coskun, Temmuz. "Investigating solid-state supercapacitors constructed with PVA/CNT nanocomposite electrolytes." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/10951.
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The search for alternative energy generation methods requires development for new energy storage methods as well. The ability to use nanotechnology to achieve high surface area, which is correlated to increased energy storage, brought advancements in supercapacitor applications. Supercapacitors have the potential to charge and discharge quickly and hold as much energy as batteries and other chemical storage devices. By having a completely solid-state supercapacitor, problems with leakage and decay could be avoided. Supercapacitors were assembled from electrodes made by reducing graphene oxide in a computer disc drive and adhering two electrodes with composite electrolytes having various concentrations of PVA/CNT. Tests were performed on the completed supercapacitors, as well as the individual components. The analysis of the different concentrations of carbon nanotubes in PVA electrolytes showed the lowest resistivity for 0.5wt% CNT (294 Omega cm) and the highest specific capacitance for 1.0wt% CNT (123.5 F/g). This specific capacitance is a 27% improvement on an electrolyte without CNT. The electrolyte with pure PVA has similar capacitance to other solid-state supercapacitors in the literature. Electrolytes with higher percentages of CNT (0.5%) show higher resistivity because of the decreased carbon solubility or agglomerations. The final product supercapacitors, thin, flexible, and environmentally friendly, can be used in wide temperature ranges, and have a theoretically long lifespan. They can charge more quickly than batteries, and hold more energy than capacitors. This study shows promising enhancements in solid-state supercapacitors, making them an even more plausible replacement for batteries in the near future. The improvements made on the specific capacitance with the different electrolytes could lead to greater efficiency and lower cost in many unique applications requiring absence of liquid components.Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
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Xie, Qingyuan. "Fundamentals and applications of solid-state high temperature proton conductors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320001.
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Bachman, John Christopher. "Organic electrodes and solid-state electrolytes for lithium electrochemical energy storage." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111719.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Viable electrical energy storage is essential for the development of sustainable energy technologies, such as renewable power and electric vehicles. Electrochemical energy storage devices are promising candidates for these applications, and lithium-ion batteries are the leading available technology. However, the current cost and performance of these devices limit their widespread adoption. In this thesis, we develop materials and design guidelines for positive electrodes and solid-state electrolytes to address these challenges. The positive electrode is one of the main limitations to improving both the capacity and cost of lithium-ion batteries. Organic molecules represent a class of materials, which if selected correctly, can address these issues. The electrochemical properties of various polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are organic molecules produced in significant quantities as industrial waste products, were investigated for use as positive electrodes. By introducing PAHs within a functionalized few-walled carbon nanotube (FWNT) matrix, we developed high-energy and high-power positive electrodes. The redox potential and capacity of various PAHs were correlated with their chemical and electronic structures, and their interaction with the functionalized FWNT matrix. Another challenge limiting the adoption of lithium-ion batteries is the flammability and instability of the organic liquid electrolyte, which increases the risk of dangerous battery failures and limits the use of higher energy-density electrodes. One promising solution is to replace the organic liquid electrolyte with a solid-state lithium-ion conductor. However, the ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes are typically several orders of magnitude lower than organic liquid electrolytes. Using lattice dynamics, we developed a framework to understand the migration of lithium through crystalline solid-state electrolytes. The understanding of the use of organic materials in positive electrodes and solid-state lithium-ion conductors as electrolytes provides insight for the design of next-generation electrochemical energy storage solutions.
by John Christopher Bachman.
Ph. D.
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Lee, Andrew Campbell Mitchell Reginald Bowman Craig T. Gür Turgut M. "Analysis of solid state, solid oxide electrolyte based direct carbon fuel cells." 2010. http://purl.stanford.edu/jy917qh3163.
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Li, Shu-Tuan, and 李淑端. "Preparation of All-Solid-State Polymeric Electrolyte Electrochromic Device." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56834843526330927035.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
材料與製造工程所
91
Abstract The rapid development of electrochromic materials has draw much attention to the evaluation of the performance of its devices. To understand the dynamic performance is necessary for the sake of making a reliable electrochromic device in commercial purpose, which in term mostly is all-solid-state electrochromic devices. The key to the success of these products reflects strongly on various electrochromic performance of such a device. These include response time, memory effect, transmittance, optical density change and color-bleach cyclic lifetime. In this study, a thin electrochromic WO3 layer which is deposited by magnetron sputtering. The representation of organic-solid-state electrolyte electrochromic device was performed with different thickness of organic electrolyte layers at different working voltages. The cyclic V-I curve, response time and UV-Vis. transmittance during coloring and bleaching state were measured to understand the effect of electrochromic properties. The memory effect and cyclic lifetime of these devices were also estimated. The result of this study shows the electrochromic devices with thicker organic electrolyte layer response faster, A threashold voltage of ±1.5 V is needed to drive the device. The cyclic lifetime is about 40 cycles when operated at ±2.5 V. Electrochromic device has a good memory effect and the transmittance of colored and bleached state go to a steady state gradually after several cycles. Higher transmittance and higher optical density change is also obtained. Light transmittance of colored and bleached state of the device can be adjusted by working voltage. The change of light transmittance and optical density change give rise to a maximum value when operated at a higher working voltage of ±3.0 V, over which the device becomes damaged. Working voltage also affects the device cyclic lifetime. Key words：tungsten oxide、electrochromic、all-solid-state polymeric electrolyte
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Tseng, Jian-Wei, and 曾建瑋. "Preparation of Doped Ceria by Tape for Solid State Electrolyte." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7ayh6r.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立東華大學
材料科學與工程學系
95
The structure, microstructure, ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of 20mole% Ce0.8M0.2O1.9(M=La、Sm、Gd、Y)nanopowder, prepared by chemical coprecipitation were investigated. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the diffraction peak cause shift depend on size of dopant radii. All of the dopant were solid solution in ceria with the cubic fluorite structure. The powders were pressed into pellets by uniaxially. All sample were sintered at 1500℃ for 5hr.The density of ceramices were over 90% of the theoretical density. The maximum ionic conductivity, σ800℃= 6.54 x 10-2S/cm with minimum activation energy, Ea=0.688eV was found for the Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 result in measure of ionic conductivity. The average grain size proportion to size of dopant radii. The maximum fracture toughness, KIC=6.73MPa.m1/2 was found for the Ce0.8La0.2O1.9 has the most large grain, it indicated could resists the mircocrack to pass. From the Zeta potential measure, we find the Poly(acrylic acid),PAA in the gadolinium doped-ceria(GDC) is 1wt%, the PAA in the samarium doped-ceria(SDC) is 2wt%, the PAA in the yttrium doped-ceria(YDC) is 2wt% and the PAA in the lanthanum doped-ceria(LDC) is 1.5wt%, respectively and well-dispersed ability between the particle. All have the pseudo-plastic fluid properties after to make slurries. The tape were sintered at 1500℃ for 5hr. The maximum viscosity value, η =4000~8500mPa.s was found for the Ce0.8La0.2O1.9 has poor densification, it exhibited bad dispersed of the slurry has great effect with regard to later sintering property.