Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solid oxide electrolysi

Academic literature on the topic 'Solid oxide electrolysi'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Solid oxide electrolysi"

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Guo, Hao, and Sangyoung Kim. "Effect of Rotating Magnetic Field on Hydrogen Production from Electrolytic Water." Shock and Vibration 2022 (September 2, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9085721.

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In order to reveal the influence of magnetic field on electrochemical machining, a research method of the influence of rotating magnetic field on hydrogen production from electrolytic water is proposed in this paper. Firstly, taking pure water as electrolyte, this paper selects rigid SPCE water molecular model, constructs the molecular dynamics model under the action of magnetic field, and simulates it. In this paper, the thermodynamics, electric power principle, and electrolytic reaction of hydrogen production from electrolytic water are analyzed, and the working processes of alkaline electrolytic cell, solid oxide electrolytic cell, and solid polymer electrolytic cell are analyzed. Based on solid polymer electrolytic cell, the effects of membrane electrode performance, diffusion layer material, contact electrode plate, electrolytic temperature, and electrolyte types on hydrogen production are analyzed. The experimental results show that the heteroions in the lake electrolyte significantly affect the performance of the membrane electrode, and the number of heteroions in the electrolyte should be controlled during the experiment. The hydrogen production capacity and energy efficiency ratio of the unit are basically not affected by different water flow dispersion. When dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte is selected in the experiment, the concentration should be 0.1%–0.2%; After the proton exchange membrane enters the stable period after the activation period, with the increase of the electrolysis time of tap water, (24 h) the membrane electrode will weaken the catalyst activity and reduce the electrolysis efficiency in the electrolysis process. Furthermore, the correctness of rotating magnetic field on hydrogen production from electrolytic water is verified.
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Qiu, Guohong, Kai Jiang, Meng Ma, Dihua Wang, Xianbo Jin, and George Z. Chen. "Roles of Cationic and Elemental Calcium in the Electro-Reduction of Solid Metal Oxides in Molten Calcium Chloride." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2007): 292–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-5-610.

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Previous work, mainly from this research group, is re-visited on electrochemical reduction of solid metal oxides, in the form of compacted powder, in molten CaCl2, aiming at further understanding of the roles of cationic and elemental calcium. The discussion focuses on six aspects: 1.) debate on two mechanisms proposed in the literature, i. e. electro-metallothermic reduction and electro-reduction (or electro-deoxidation), for the electrolytic removal of oxygen from solid metals or metal oxides in molten CaCl2; 2.) novel metallic cavity working electrodes for electrochemical investigations of compacted metal oxide powders in high temperature molten salts assisted by a quartz sealed Ag/AgCl reference electrode (650 ºC- 950 ºC); 3.) influence of elemental calcium on the background current observed during electrolysis of solid metal oxides in molten CaCl2; 4.) electrochemical insertion/ inclusion of cationic calcium into solid metal oxides; 5.) typical features of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry (potentiostatic electrolysis) of metal oxide powders in molten CaCl2; and 6.) some kinetic considerations on the electrolytic removal of oxygen.
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Zhang, Qian, Dalton Cox, Clarita Yosune Regalado Vera, Hanping Ding, Wei Tang, Sicen Du, Alexander F. Chadwick, et al. "Interface Problems in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 47 (October 9, 2022): 2425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02472425mtgabs.

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In this talk, I introduce topics, that I have been working on, in solid oxide electrolysis cells involving complicated interfacial structures and dynamics of interfaces. Then I will focus on my recent work on nickel (Ni) particle migration in electrodes consisting of Ni, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), and pores during the operation of oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (o-SOECs) and Faraday efficiency in proton-conducting solid oxide electrolysis cells (p-SOECs) under electrolysis operations. SOECs can have a significant impact on climate change over the next decade and beyond, in applications such as balancing renewable grid electricity via electrolytic fuel production. However, long-term performance degradation remains a key issue that may limit further implementation of O-SOECs, and the dependency of operation conditions on Faraday efficiency in P-SOECs has been under debate. In particular, in Ni/YSZ/pore electrode of O-SOEC, a phase-field model is proposed that employs the Ni-YSZ 3D microstructure as the initial condition and large-scale numerical simulation is implemented that predicts the directional Ni migration. The results are thus directly comparable to experimental observations. Quantitative predictions of the evolution of the Ni/YSZ/pore system's microstructures due to Ni particles' migration are studied through theoretical analysis and data analysis. In P-SOECs, an electrochemical model is proposed to study the dependency of Faraday efficiency on operation conditions for P-SOECs with yttrium-doped barium zirconates (BZY) and co-doping barium zirconate-cerate oxides with ytterbium and yttrium (BCZYYb) as electrolytes respectively. Our numerical predictions are verified by experimental results obtained in INL. An optimal structure of electrolyte is proposed to boost the Faraday efficiency in P-SOECs.
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Wang, Hailong, Diankun Sun, Qiqi Song, Wenqi Xie, Xu Jiang, and Bo Zhang. "One-step electrolytic preparation of Si–Fe alloys as anodes for lithium ion batteries." Functional Materials Letters 09, no. 03 (June 2016): 1650050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604716500508.

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One-step electrolytic formation of uniform crystalline Si–Fe alloy particles was successfully demonstrated in direct electro-reduction of solid mixed oxides of SiO2 and Fe2O3 in molten CaCl2 at 900[Formula: see text]C. Upon constant voltage electrolysis of solid mixed oxides at 2.8[Formula: see text]V between solid oxide cathode and graphite anode for 5[Formula: see text]h, electrolytic Si–Fe with the same Si/Fe stoichimetry of the precursory oxides was generated. The firstly generated Fe could function as depolarizers to enhance reduction rate of SiO2, resulting in the enhanced reduction kinetics to the electrolysis of individual SiO2. When evaluated as anode for lithium ion batteries, the prepared SiFe electrode showed a reversible lithium storage capacity as high as 470[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] after 100 cycles at 200[Formula: see text]mA g[Formula: see text], promising application in high-performance lithium ion batteries.
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Barnett, Scott A., Qian Zhang, Jerren Grimes, Dalton Cox, Junsung Hong, Beom-Kyeong Park, Tianrang Yang, and Peter W. Voorhees. "(Keynote) Degradation Processes in Solid Oxide Cell Ni-YSZ Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 38 (July 7, 2022): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01381669mtgabs.

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Solid oxide cells (SOCs) can have a significant impact on climate change over the next decade and beyond, in applications such as balancing renewable grid electricity via electrolytic fuel production, and producing electricity from bio-fuels combined with CO2 product sequestration. However, long-term performance degradation remains a key variable that may limit further implementation of SOCs. This talk focuses on the Ni-YSZ fuel electrode that is widely used but is known to be an important contributor to SOC degradation. Various processes that cause Ni-YSZ degradation are discussed. Results on 3D tomography measurements of accelerated Ni coarsening are described and a quantitative model is developed to predict long-term degradation. Although the results indicate that coarsening effects can be minimized in well-designed Ni-YSZ microstructures, degradation can still occur, especially during high-current-density electrolysis operation. For operation under low H2O/H2 conditions, high electrolysis current density can yield reduction of zirconia to form Ni-Zr compounds, along with substantial microstructural damage. For operation under high H2O/H2conditions, high electrolysis current density can yield Ni migration away from the electrolyte. A phase-field simulation is described that predicts this Ni migration, using actual Ni-YSZ microstructures measured using 3D tomography as the starting point, and compared with experimental observations. The model assumes that Ni transport is driven by a spatial gradient in surface tensions, i.e., a decrease in the Ni/YSZ contact angle with increasing distance from the electrolyte. Recent results on electrolysis and reversibly operated SOCs, making use of Ceria-infiltrated Ni-YSZ to improve stability, are described.
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Zhou, Xiao-Dong. "(Keynote) Theoretical Analysis of Electrochemical Stability in a Solid Oxide Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 38 (July 7, 2022): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01381670mtgabs.

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In this talk, I will describe a theoretical analysis and modeling of electrochemical stability in solid oxide cells, including solid oxide fuel cell, solid oxide electrolysis, and solid-state batteries. Focus will be on elucidating the origin for the electrochemically driven of phase change and the deposition of neutral species at the interfaces and inside a solid electrolyte.
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Yang, Liming, Kui Xie, Lan Wu, Qingqing Qin, Jun Zhang, Yong Zhang, Ting Xie, and Yucheng Wu. "A composite cathode based on scandium doped titanate with enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards direct carbon dioxide electrolysis." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 39 (2014): 21417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02229g.

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Lee, Seokhee, Sang Won Lee, Suji Kim, and Tae Ho Shin. "Recent Advances in High Temperature Electrolysis Cells using LaGaO3-based Electrolyte." Ceramist 24, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2021.24.4.06.

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High temperature electrolysis is a promising option for carbon-free hydrogen production and huge energy storage with high energy conversion efficiencies from renewable and nuclear resources. Over the past few decades, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) based ion conductor has been widely used as a solid electrolyte in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). However, its high operation temperature and lower conductivity in the appropriate temperature range for solid electrochemical devices were major drawbacks. Regarding improving ionic-conducting electrolytes, several groups have contributed significantly to developing and applying LaGaO3 based perovskite as a superior ionic conductor. La(Sr)Ga(Mg)O3 (LSGM) electrolyte was successfully validated for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) but was rarely conducted on SOECs for its high efficient electrolysis performance. Their lower mechanical strengths or higher reactivity with electrode compared with the YSZ electrolysis cells, which make it difficult to choose compatible materials, remain major challenges. In this field, SOECs have attracted a great attention in the last few years, as they offer significant power and higher efficiencies compared to conventional YSZ based electrolysers. Herein, SOECs using LSGM based electrolyte, their applications, high performance, and their issues will be reviewed.
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Lee, Seokhee, Sang Won Lee, Suji Kim, and Tae Ho Shin. "Recent Advances in High Temperature Electrolysis Cells using LaGaO3-based Electrolyte." Ceramist 24, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 424–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31613/ceramist.2021.24.4.42.

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High temperature electrolysis is a promising option for carbon-free hydrogen production and huge energy storage with high energy conversion efficiencies from renewable and nuclear resources. Over the past few decades, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) based ion conductor has been widely used as a solid electrolyte in solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). However, its high operation temperature and lower conductivity in the appropriate temperature range for solid electrochemical devices were major drawbacks. Regarding improving ionic-conducting electrolytes, several groups have contributed significantly to developing and applying LaGaO3 based perovskite as a superior ionic conductor. La(Sr)Ga(Mg)O3 (LSGM) electrolyte was successfully validated for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) but was rarely conducted on SOECs for its high efficient electrolysis performance. Their lower mechanical strengths or higher reactivity with electrode compared with the YSZ electrolysis cells, which make it difficult to choose compatible materials, remain major challenges. In this field, SOECs have attracted a great attention in the last few years, as they offer significant power and higher efficiencies compared to conventional YSZ based electrolysers. Herein, SOECs using LSGM based electrolyte, their applications, high performance, and their issues will be reviewed.
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Riester, Christian Michael, Gotzon García, Nerea Alayo, Albert Tarancón, Diogo M. F. Santos, and Marc Torrell. "Business Model Development for a High-Temperature (Co-)Electrolyser System." Fuels 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 392–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fuels3030025.

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There are increasing international efforts to tackle climate change by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. As such, the use of electrolytic hydrogen as an energy carrier in decentralised and centralised energy systems, and as a secondary energy carrier for a variety of applications, is projected to grow. Required green hydrogen can be obtained via water electrolysis using the surplus of renewable energy during low electricity demand periods. Electrolysis systems with alkaline and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology are commercially available in different performance classes. The less mature solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) promises higher efficiencies, as well as co-electrolysis and reversibility functions. This work uses a bottom-up approach to develop a viable business model for a SOEC-based venture. The broader electrolysis market is analysed first, including conventional and emerging market segments. A further opportunity analysis ranks these segments in terms of business attractiveness. Subsequently, the current state and structure of the global electrolyser industry are reviewed, and a ten-year outlook is provided. Key industry players are identified and profiled, after which the major industry and competitor trends are summarised. Based on the outcomes of the previous assessments, a favourable business case is generated and used to develop the business model proposal. The main findings suggest that grid services are the most attractive business sector, followed by refineries and power-to-liquid processes. SOEC technology is particularly promising due to its co-electrolysis capabilities within the methanol production process. Consequently, an “engineering firm and operator” business model for a power-to-methanol plant is considered the most viable option.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solid oxide electrolysi"

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Ni, Meng, and 倪萌. "Mathematical modeling of solid oxide steam electrolyzer for hydrogen production." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39011409.

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Eccleston, Kelcey L. "Solid oxide steam electrolysis for high temperature hydrogen production." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/322.

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This study has focused on solid oxide electrolyser cells for high temperature steam electrolysis. Solid oxide electrolysis is the reverse operation of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), so many of the same component materials may be used. However, other electrode materials are of interest to improve performance and efficiency. In this work anode materials were investigated for use in solid oxide electrolysers. Perovskite materials of the form L₁₋ｘSrｘMO₃ , where M is Mn, Co, or Fe. LSM is a well understood electrode material for the SOFC. Under electrolysis operation LSM performed well and no interface reactions were observed between the anode and YSZ electrolyte. LSM has a relatively low conductivity and the electrode reaction is limited to the triple phase boundary regions. Mixed ionic-electronic conductors of LSCo and LSF were investigated, with these materials the anode reaction is not limited to triple phase boundaries. The LSCo anode had adherence problems in the electrolysis cells due to the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch with the YSZ electrolyte. The LSCo reacted with the YSZ at the anode/electrolyte interface forming insulating zirconate phases. Due to these issues the LSCo anode cells performed the poorest of the three. The performance of electrolysis cells with LSF anode exceeded both LSM and LSCo, particularly under steam operation, although an interface reaction between the LSF anode and YSZ electrolyte was observed. In addition to the anode material studies this work included the development of solid oxide electrolyser tubes from tape cast precursor materials. Tape casting is a cheap processing method, which allows for co-firing of all ceramic components. The design development resulted in a solid design, which can be fabricated reliably, and balances strength with performance. The design used LSM anode, YSZ electrolyte, and Ni-YSZ cathode materials but could easily be adapted for the use of other component materials. Proper sintering rates, cathode tape formulation, tube length, tape thickness, and electrolyte thickness were factors explored in this work to improve the electrolyser tubes.
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Anelli, Simone. "Advanced strategies for Solid Oxide Electrolysis cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671683.

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Actualment, la transició energètica cap a un escenari baix en carboni està impulsant la instal·lació global de fonts d’energia renovables, el seu desplegament per sobre de l’40%, implicarà l’ús de sistemes eficients d’emmagatzematge d’energia per cobrir la demanda. Les rutes d’hidrogen verd i power to gas es presenten com la millor alternativa per a aquest emmagatzematge al connectar les xarxes elèctriques i de gas. En aquest marc, les cel·les d’electròlisi d’òxid sòlid (SOEC), que produeixen hidrogen i gas de síntesi (H2 + CO) a partir de l’electròlisi de l’aigua o la co-electròlisi de l’aigua i el diòxid de carboni, són els electrolitzadors més eficients per a l’emmagatzematge d’energia. Les SOEC posseeixen altes taxes de conversió d’energia (≈80%) atorgades pel rang de temperatura d’operació (600-900 °C). No obstant, un dels principals inconvenients de les SOEC està relacionat amb les tècniques de fabricació, que impliquen molts passos per produir dispositius complets. A més, les seves prestacions i durabilitat encara s’estan investigant per augmentar la maduresa de la tecnologia i penetrar en el mercat competint amb altres tecnologies d’electròlisi que mostren menors eficiències. La present tesi està dedicada a l’exploració de nous conceptes de SOEC. Per a això, es consideren tres aspectes, que són: i) utilització de tècniques de fabricació additiva per a la fabricació replicable, automàtica i customitzable de dispositius energètics; ii) síntesi de nanocompostos mesoporosos en l’elèctrode d’oxigen per millorar el rendiment general i la durabilitat del dispositiu SOEC; i finalment iii) la producció de gas de síntesi per co-electròlisi i oxidació parcial de metà (POM) amb els dispositius desenvolupats. Robocasting (RC) i InkJet printing (IJP) s’han utilitzat per a la fabricació de cel·les simètriques impreses per tecnologia híbrides d’impressió 3D, que van ser co-sinteritzades a altes temperatures i provades electroquímicament. S’ha demostrat la viabilitat d’aquestes dues tècniques combinades per a la fabricació de dispositius ceràmics. S’ha sintetitzat ceria dopada mesoporosa (CGO) utilitzada com a suport per a elèctrodes d’oxigen nanocompostos. Per a això es proposa una ruta optimitzada per millorar l’activitat catalítica dels elèctrodes de base mesoporosa i per reduir la temperatura de sinterització mantenint la seva nanoestructura, i l’estudi dels seus efectes sobre el material. La millora del rendiment dels dispositius SOEC aplicant les rutes de síntesi i fabricació desenvolupades es demostra pels excel·lents resultats aconseguits, sense precedents per a aquest tipus de SOEC. El rendiment de dispositius complets amb elèctrodes d’oxigen mesoporosos es va provar a altes temperatures. El suport nanoestructurat optimitzat ha estat provat en una cel·la de botó (diàmetre = 2 cm) mostrant excel·lents rendiments observats en condicions de co-electròlisi i pila de combustible. També es va dipositar CGO mesoporós en cel·les d’àrea gran (25 cm2) per demostrar l’escalabilitat del material, per a dispositius d’interès comercial. Com a resum, el document presentat tracta de l’optimització de dispositius electroquímics innovadors d’alta eficiència com les SOEC, donant un nou pas més enllà de l’estat de l’art en les tecnologies de producció d’hidrogen a causa de la combinació de rutes de fabricació innovadores com la fabricació additiva de materials ceràmics amb funcionalitats avançades com els mesoporosos.
Actualmente, la transición energética hacia un escenario bajo en carbono está impulsando la instalación global de fuentes de energía renovables, su despliegue por encima del 40%, implicará el uso de sistemas eficientes de almacenamiento de energía. Las rutas de hidrógeno verde y power to gas se presentan como la mejor alternativa para este almacenamiento. En este marco, las celdas de electrólisis de óxido sólido (SOEC), que producen hidrógeno y gas de síntesis (H2 + CO) a partir de la electrólisis del agua o la co-electrólisis del agua y el dióxido de carbono, son los electrolizadores más eficientes. Las SOEC poseen altas tasas de conversión de energía (≈80%) otorgadas por el rango de temperatura de operación (600-900 ° C). Sin embargo, uno de los principales inconvenientes de las SOEC está relacionado con las técnicas de fabricación, que implican muchos pasos para producir dispositivos completos. Además, sus prestaciones y durabilidad aún se están investigando para aumentar la madurez de la tecnología y penetrar en el mercado compitiendo con otras tecnologías de electrólisis que muestran menores eficiencias. La presente tesis está dedicada a la exploración de nuevos conceptos de SOEC. Para ello, se consideran tres aspectos, que son: i) utilización de técnicas de fabricación aditiva para la fabricación replicable, automática y sintonizable de dispositivos energéticos; ii) síntesis de nanocompuestos mesoporosos en el electrodo de oxígeno para mejorar el rendimiento general y la durabilidad del dispositivo SOEC; y finalmente iii) la producción de gas de síntesis por co-electrólisis y oxidación parcial de metano (POM) con los dispositivos desarrollados. Robocasting e Inkjet Printing se utilizaron para la fabricación de celdas simétricas impresas por tecnología híbridas de impresión 3D, co-sinterizadas a altas temperaturas y probadas electroquímicamente. Se ha demostrado la viabilidad de estas dos técnicas para la fabricación de dispositivos cerámicos. Se ha sintetizado ceria dopada mesoporosa (CGO) utilizada como soporte para electrodos de oxígeno nanocompuestos. Para ello se propone una ruta optimizada para mejorar la actividad catalítica de los electrodos de base mesoporosa y para reducir la temperatura de sinterización manteniendo su nanoestructura. La mejora del rendimiento de los dispositivos SOEC aplicando las rutas de síntesis y fabricación desarrolladas se demuestra por los excelentes resultados conseguidos, sin precedentes para este tipo de SOEC. El rendimiento de dispositivos completos con electrodos de oxígeno mesoporosos se probó a altas temperaturas. El soporte nanoestructurado optimizado ha sido probado en una celda botón (diámetro = 2 cm) mostrando excelentes rendimientos observados en condiciones de COSOEC y SOFC. También se depositó CGO mesoporoso en celdas de área grande (25 cm2) para demostrar la escalabilidad del material. Ambos dispositivos se sometieron a una prueba de durabilidad, que mostró tasas de degradación en línea con la literatura más avanzada. Finalmente, se muestra la prueba de conceptos sobre la oxidación parcial de metano (POM) asistida electroquímicamente. Se produjo y probó un SOEC con CGO infiltrado por catalizadores de Ni y Cu como dispositivo POM. Se usó metano en el electrodo Ni-Cu-CGO como combustible. El oxígeno producido por la reacción de electrólisis del agua en el electrodo Ni-YSZ se utilizó para producir gas de síntesis a partir de CH4 en un proceso catalítico asistido electroquímicamente. Los principios de funcionamiento del experimento se demostraron con éxito. Como resumen, el presente documento trata de la optimización de dispositivos electroquímicos innovadores de alta eficiencia como las SOEC, dando un nuevo paso más allá del estado del arte en las tecnologías de producción de hidrógeno debido a la combinación de rutas de fabricación innovadores, como la fabricación aditiva con materiales cerámicos de funcionalidades avanzadas como los mesoporosos.
Nowadays, the energy transition to a low carbon scenario is promoting the global installation of renewable energy sources, its deployment above 40% will need the use of efficient energy storage systems for covering the demand. Green hydrogen and power to gas routes has arisen as the best alternative for this storage while connecting the electric and gas grids. In this frame, Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs), which produce hydrogen and syngas (H2+CO) from the electrolysis of water or the co-electrolysis of water and carbon dioxide, are the most efficient electrolysers for energy storage. SOECs possess high energy conversion rates (≈80 %) granted by the operation temperature range (600-900 °C). However, one of SOECs’ main drawbacks is related to the manufacturing techniques, which involves many steps to produce complete devices. Furthermore, their performances and durability are still being investigated to increase the maturity of the technology and penetrate to the market competing with other electrolysis technologies that show lower efficiencies. The present thesis is dedicated to the exploration of new concepts of SOECs. For this, three aspects are considered, which are: i) utilization of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for reliable, automatic and tuneable fabrication of energy devices; ii) synthesis of mesoporous nanocomposites at the oxygen electrode to improve the general performances and durability of SOEC device; an finally iii) the production of syngas by co-electrolysis and partial oxidation of methane (POM) with the developed devices. Robocasting (RC) and Inkjet Printing (IJP) were used for the fabrication of hybrid 3D printed symmetrical cells, which were co-sintered at high temperatures and electrochemically tested. The feasibility of these two combined techniques for the fabrication of ceramic devices was demonstrated. Mesoporous doped ceria (CGO) was synthesized and used as a scaffold for nanocomposite oxygen electrodes. An optimized route to improve the catalytic activity of the mesoporous based electrodes and to reduce the sintering temperature to maintain their nanostructure, is proposed after the study of their effects on the material. The improvement of the SOEC devices performance applying the developed synthesis and fabrication routes is demonstrated by the achievement of unprecedented results for this type of SOEC. The performance of complete devices with mesoporous oxygen electrodes was tested at high temperatures. The optimized scaffold tested on a button test cell (diameter =2 cm) promoted the commented outstanding performances in both co-electrolysis and fuel cell conditions. Mesoporous CGO was also deposited on large area cells (25 cm2) to demonstrate the scalability of the material, for devices of commercial interest. Both devices underwent a durability test, showing degradation rates in line with state-of-the-art literature. Finally, the proof of concepts about electrochemically assisted partial oxidation of methane (POM) is shown. A SOEC with CGO scaffold infiltrated by Ni and Cu catalysers was produced and tested as POM device. Methane was supplied at the Ni-Cu-CGO electrode as fuel. The oxygen produced by the water electrolysis reaction at the Ni-YSZ electrode was used to produce syngas from CH4 on an electrochemical assisted catalytic process. The working principles of the experiment were successfully demonstrated opening a new research line. As a summary the present document deals with the optimization of innovative high efficient electrochemical devices as SOEC, bringing a new step beyond the state of the art on the hydrogen production technologies due to the combination of innovative fabrication routes such as the additive manufacturing with advanced functional ceramic materials like mesoporous.
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Hauch, Anne. "Solid oxide electrolysis cells : performance and durability /." Risø National Laboratory, 2007. http://www.risoe.dk/rispubl/reports/ris-phd-37.pdf.

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5

Iacomini, Christine Schroeder. "Combined carbon dioxide/water solid oxide electrolysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290073.

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Solid oxide electrolysis of a mixture of water and carbon dioxide has many applications in space exploration. It can be implemented in propellant production systems that use Martian resources or in closed-loop life support systems to cleanse the atmosphere of facilities in extraterrestrial bases and of cabin spacecrafts. This work endeavors to quantify the performance of combined water and carbon dioxide electrolysis, referred to as "combined electrolysis", and to understand how it works so that the technology can be best applied. First, to thoroughly motivate the research, system modeling is presented that demonstrates the competitiveness of the technology in terms of electrolysis power requirements and consequential system mass savings. Second, to demonstrate and quantify the performance of the technology, experimental results are presented. Electrolysis cells were constructed with 8% by mol yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolytes, 50/50 by weight platinum/yttria-stabilized zirconia electrodes and chromium-alloy or alumina manifolds and tubing. Performance and gas chromatograph data from electrolysis of many different gas mixtures, including water, carbon dioxide, and a combined mixture of both, are presented. Third, to explain observations made during experiments and theorize about the phenomena governing combined electrolysis, data analyses and thermodynamic modeling are applied. Conclusions are presented regarding the transient response of combined electrolysis, the relative performance of it to that of other mixtures, how its performance depends on the water to carbon dioxide ratio, its effect on cell health, and its preference to water versus carbon dioxide. Procedures are also derived for predicting the composition of combined electrolysis exhaust for a given oxygen production rate, humidity content, and inlet flow rate. The influence of the two cell materials proves to be significant. However, in both cases it is proven that combined electrolysis does not encourage carbon deposition and the makeup of its products is governed by the water gas shift reaction. It is shown that the chromium-alloy system achieves water gas shift reaction equilibrium whereas the alumina system does not. Experimental observations support the argument that chromium oxide inside the chromium alloy cell forces its water gas shift reaction to equilibrium during electrolysis, influencing combined electrolysis performance.
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Yang, Xuedi. "Cathode development for solid oxide electrolysis cells for high temperature hydrogen production." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/979.

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This study has been mainly focused on high temperature solid oxide electrolysis cells (HT-SOECs) for steam electrolysis. The compositions, microstructures and metal catalysts for SOEC cathodes based on (La₀.₇₅Sr₀.₂₅)₀.₉₅Mn₀.₅Cr₀.₅O₃ (LSCM) have been investigated. Hydrogen production amounts from SOECs with LSCM cathodes have been detected and current-to-hydrogen efficiencies have been calculated. The effect of humidity on electrochemical performances from SOECs with cathodes based on LSCM has also been studied. LSCM has been applied as the main composite in HT-SOEC cathodes in this study. Cells were measured at temperatures up to 920°C with 3%steam/Ar/4%H₂ or 3%steam/Ar supplied to the steam/hydrogen electrode. SOECs with LSCM cathodes presented better stability and electrochemical performances in both atmospheres compared to cells with traditional Ni cermet cathodes. By mixing materials with higher ionic conductivity such as YSZ(Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂ ) and CGO(Ce₀.₉Gd₀.₁O₁.₉₅ ) into LSCM cathodes, the cell performances have been improved due to the enlarged triple phase boundary (TPB). Metal catalysts such as Pd, Fe, Rh, Ni have been impregnated to LSCM/CGO cathodes in order to improve cell performances. Cells were measured at 900°C using 3%steam/Ar/4%H₂ or 3%steam/Ar and AC impedance data and I-V curves were collected. The addition of metal catalysts has successfully improved electrochemical performances from cells with LSCM/CGO cathodes. Improving SOEC microstructures is an alternative to improve cell performances. Cells with thinner electrolytes and/or better electrode microstructures were fabricated using techniques such as cutting, polishing, tape casting, impregnation, co-pressing and screen printing. Thinner electrolytes gave reduced ohmic resistances, while better electrode microstructures were observed to facilitate electrode processes. Hydrogen production amounts under external potentials from SOECs with LSCM/CGO cathodes were detected by gas chromatograph and current-to-hydrogen efficiencies were calculated according to the law of conservation of charge. Current-to-hydrogen efficiencies from these cells at 900°C were up to 80% in 3%steam/Ar and were close to 100% in 3%steam/Ar/4%H₂. The effect of humidity on SOEC performances with LSCM/CGO cathodes has been studied by testing the cell in cathode atmospheres with different steam contents (3%, 10%, 20% and 50% steam). There was no large influence on cell performances when steam content was increased, indicating that steam diffusion to cathode was not the main limiting process.
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Nelson, George Joseph. "Solid Oxide Cell Constriction Resistance Effects." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10563.

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Solid oxide cells are best known in the energy sector as novel power generation devices through solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which enable the direct conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy and result in high efficiency power generation. However, solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are receiving increased attention as a hydrogen production technology through high temperature electrolysis applications. The development of higher fidelity methods for modeling transport phenomena within solid oxide cells is necessary for the advancement of these key technologies. The proposed thesis analyzes the increased transport path lengths caused by constriction resistance effects in prevalent solid oxide cell designs. Such effects are so named because they arise from reductions in active transport area. Constriction resistance effects of SOFC geometry on continuum level mass and electronic transport through SOFC anodes are simulated. These effects are explored via analytic solutions of the Laplace equation with model verification achieved by computational methods such as finite element analysis (FEA). Parametric studies of cell geometry and fuel stream composition are performed based upon the models developed. These studies reveal a competition of losses present between mass and electronic transport losses and demonstrate the benefits of smaller SOFC unit cell geometry. Furthermore, the models developed for SOFC transport phenomena are applied toward the analysis of SOECs. The resulting parametric studies demonstrate that geometric configurations that demonstrate enhanced performance within SOFC operation also demonstrate enhanced performance within SOEC operation. Secondarily, the electrochemical degradation of SOFCs is explored with respect to delamination cracking phenomena about and within the critical electrolyte-anode interface. For thin electrolytes, constriction resistance effects may lead to the loss of electro-active area at both anode-electrolyte and cathode-electrolyte interfaces. This effect (referred to as masking) results in regions of unutilized electrolyte cross-sectional area, which can be a critical performance hindrance. Again analytic and computational means are employed in analyzing such degradation issues.
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Fawcett, Lydia. "Electrochemical performance and compatibility of La2NiO4+δ electrode material with La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ electrolyte for solid oxide electrolysis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24667.

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La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ (LSGM) is an oxygen ion conducting electrolyte material widely used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). La2NiO4+δ (LNO) is a mixed ionic-electronic conducting layered perovskite with K2NiF4 type structure which conducts oxygen ions via oxygen interstitials. LNO has shown promising results as an SOFC electrode in the literature. In this work the compatibility and performance of LNO electrodes on the LSGM electrolyte material for solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is investigated. The materials were characterised as SOEC/SOFC cells by symmetrical and three electrode electrochemical measurements using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Conductivity and ASR values were obtained in the temperature range 300-800°C with varying atmospheres of pH2O and pO2. The cells were also subjected to varied potential bias, mimicking fuel cell or electrolysis use. Enhancement of LNO performance was observed with the application of potential bias in both anodic and cathodic mode of operation in all atmospheres with the exception of cathodic bias in pO2 = 6.5x10-3 atm. In ambient air at 800°C LNO ASRs were 2.82Ω.cm2, 1.83Ω.cm2 and 1.37Ω.cm2 in OCV, +1000mV bias and -1000mV bias respectively. In low pO2 at 800°C LNO ASRs were 9.17Ω.cm2, 1.74Ω.cm2 and 456.9Ω.cm2 in OCV, +1000mV bias and -1000mV bias respectively. The increase in ASR with negative potential bias in low pO2 is believed to be caused by an increase in mass transport and charge transfer impedance responses. Material stability was confirmed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), in-situ high temperature pH2O and pO2 XRD. In-situ XRD displayed single phase materials with no observable reactivity in the conditions tested. Scanning Electron Microscopy images of cells tested by EIS in all atmospheres displayed no microstructure degradation except for those cells tested in a humid atmosphere which display a regular pattern of degradation on the LNO surface attributed to reaction with the Pt mesh current collector.
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Hernández, Rodríguez Elba María. "Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells electrodes based on mesoporous materials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665269.

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The need of substituting the current energetic model by a system based on clean Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have gained more importance in the last decades due to the environmental issues related to the use of fossil fuels. These energy sources are site-specific and intermittent, what makes essential the development of Energy Storage Systems (ESS) that allows the storage of the electricity generated by renewable energies. Among the technologies under development for the storage of electrical energy, Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs) have been proposed in the last decades as a promising technology. Achieving efficiencies higher than 85%, SOEC technology is able to convert electrical energy into chemical energy through the reduction of H2O, CO2 or the combination of both; generating H2, CO or syngas (H2 +CO). The implementation of this technology based on renewable electrical energy, combined with fuel cells would allow closing the carbon cycle. The work presented in this thesis has been devoted to enhance the performance of SOEC. The approach that is presented for that propose is based on the implementation of high surface area and thermally stable mesoporous metal oxide materials on the fabrication of SOEC electrodes. High performance and stability of the electrodes was expected during its characterization. Structural and electrochemical characterization techniques have been applied during the development of this thesis for this purpose. The thesis is organized in eight chapters briefly described in the following: Chapter 1 briefly analyses the current energy scenario presenting electrolysers as a promising technology for the storage of electrical energy. Besides, basic principles of SOECs operation and the state-of-the-art materials of SOECs are reviewed. Chapter 2 describes all the experimental methods and techniques employed in this thesis for the synthesis and characterization of synthesised materials and fabricated cells. Chapter 3 presents the results obtained from the structural characterization of the mesoporous materials and fabricated electrodes, revealing the successful implantation of the hard-template method for obtaining Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC), Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (CGO) and NiO mesoporous powders, and the fabrication of SDC-SSC (Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ), CGO- LSCF (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3) and NiO-SDC electrodes based on mesoporous materials. The attachment of the mesoporous scaffold for the fabrication of oxygen electrodes has been optimized at 900 °C. Chapter 4 compares electrolyte- and fuel electrode-supported cell configurations based on the same oxygen electrode. The electrochemical performance and the microstructural characterization of these cells are considered for that purpose. Showing a maximum current density of -0.83 and -0.81 A/cm2 on electrolysis and co- electrolysis modes respectively, fuel electrode-supported cells are considered more suitable for SOEC fabrication. Chapter 5 presents a study focused on analysing the influence of the oxygen electrode interface on the SOEC performance. The electrochemical and microstructural characterization of barrier layers and oxygen electrodes fabricated applying different methods are discussed in this chapter. The combination of a barrier layer fabricated by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) with an oxygen electrode based on mesoporous materials resulted on the injection of up to -1 A/cm2, what allows concluding that this interface microstructure is directed related with the best performing SOECs in this thesis. Chapter 6 shows the performance of SOEC cells on co-electrolysis mode containing the optimized oxygen electrode, fabricated by infiltration of mesoporous scaffolds. The long-term stability of infiltrated mesoporous composites have been demonstrated during 1400 h, registering degradation rates of 2%/kh and <1%/kh when current densities of -0.5 A/cm2 and -0.75 A/cm2 are injected, respectively. Chapter 7 shows results of the scale-up of the mesoporous-based electrodes for the fabrication of large area cells. Their electrochemical performance shows high fuel flexibility, injecting -0.82 A/cm2 on co-electrolysis mode; and long-term stability injecting -0.5 A/cm2 for 600 h. The conclusions of this thesis are presented in Chapter 8.
Una de las principales desventajas de las fuentes de energías renovables es que producen energía eléctrica de forma discontinua. Los electrolizadores de alta temperatura basados en óxidos sólidos (SOEC) se presentan como una tecnología prometedora para el almacenamiento de energía eléctrica. Alcanzando eficiencias mayores de un 85%, los electrolizadores SOEC permite convertir energía eléctrica en energía química mediante la reducción de las moléculas de agua (H2O), dióxido de carbono (CO2), o la combinación de ambas; generándose hidrógeno (H2), monóxido de carbono (CO) o gas de síntesis (H2 +CO) como producto. El trabajo que se presenta en esta tesis tiene como objetico mejorar el rendimiento de los electrolizadores SOEC mediante la utilización de óxidos metálicos mesoporosos, caracterizados por poseer alta área superficial y ser estables a altas temperaturas. Esta tesis está organizada en ocho capítulos. Los capítulos 3, 4, 5, 6 y 7 presentan los resultados alcanzados: El capítulo 3 presenta la caracterización estructural de los materiales mesoporosos y de los electrodos fabricados. Además, la temperatura de adhesión del material mesoporoso ha sido optimizada y se ha fijado a 900 °C. El capítulo 4 compara electrolizadores fabricados soportados por el electrodo de combustible y por el electrolito. Los resultados muestran que las densidades de corriente más altas fueron inyectadas en los electrolizadores soportados por el electrodo de combustible, considerándose esta configuración la más apropiada. El capítulo 5 presenta la influencia de la microstructura de la intercara del electrodo de oxígeno en el rendimiento de los electrolizadores SOEC. La caracterización electroquímica, apoyada por la caracterización microestructural, ha demostrado que la máxima densidad de corriente ha sido inyectada por el electrolizador cuya barrera de difusión ha sido depositado por láser pulsado (PLD) y la capa funcional del electrodo de oxígeno mediante infiltración de materiales mesoporosos. El capítulo 6 estudia el electrodo de oxígeno optimizado. Durante 1400 h de operación continua y caracterización microstructural, se ha demostrado la estabilidad de este electrodo. Por último, el capítulo 7 muestra los resultados obtenidos del escalado de los electrodos mesoporosos en celdas de mayor área (25 cm2). La caracterización electroquímica muestra alta flexibilidad ante las composiciones de gases utilizadas, y estabilidad de los electrodos mesoporosos propuestos.
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Eccleston, Kelcey Lynne. "Solid oxide steam electrolysis for high temperature hydrogen production /." St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/322.

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Books on the topic "Solid oxide electrolysi"

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Gross, Oliver John. Fabrication and structural characterization of a tape cast bismuth oxide-based solid electrolyte. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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Peters, Christoph. Grain-size effects in nanoscaled electrolyte and cathode thin films for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Karlsruhe: Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2008.

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Zhu, Bin, Liangdong Fan, Rizwan Raza, and Chunwen Sun. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2020.

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Zhu, Bin, Liangdong Fan, Rizwan Raza, and Chunwen Sun. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2020.

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Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based Toelectrolyte-Free Devices. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2020.

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Zhu, Bin, Liangdong Fan, Rizwan Raza, and Chunwen Sun. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2020.

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Zhu, Bin, Liangdong Fan, Rizwan Raza, and Chunwen Sun. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: From Electrolyte-Based to Electrolyte-Free Devices. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2020.

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Chemistry, Royal Society of. Solid Oxide Electrolysis : Fuels and Feedstocks from Water and Air: Faraday Discussion 182. Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solid oxide electrolysi"

1

Shi, Yixiang, Ningsheng Cai, Tianyu Cao, and Jiujun Zhang. "Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." In High-Temperature Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 41–108. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Electrochemical energy store & conversion: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22506-3.

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Ishihara, Tatsumi. "Oxide Ion Conductivity in Perovskite Oxide for SOFC Electrolyte." In Perovskite Oxide for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, 65–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77708-5_4.

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Kawakami, Akira. "Quick-Start-Up Type SOFC Using LaGaO3-Based New Electrolyte." In Perovskite Oxide for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, 205–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77708-5_10.

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Ebbesen, Sune Dalgaard, and Mogens Mogensen. "Carbon Dioxide Electrolysis for Production of Synthesis Gas in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells IV, 272–81. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470456309.ch25.

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Osada, Norikazu. "Advances in High Temperature Electrolysis Using Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." In CO2 Free Ammonia as an Energy Carrier, 163–82. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4767-4_10.

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Keane, Michael, Atul Verma, and Prabhakar Singh. "Observations on the Air Electrode-Electrolyte Interface Degradation in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." In Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 183–91. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118095249.ch17.

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Keane, Michael, and Prabhakar Singh. "Silver-Palladium Alloy Electrodes for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC)." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells VIII, 93–103. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118217481.ch9.

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Sepulveda, Juan L., Sekyung Chang, and Raouf O. Loutfy. "High Efficiency Lanthanide Doped Ceria-Zirconia Layered Electrolyte for SOFC." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells IV, 216–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470456309.ch20.

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Schefold, Josef, and Annabelle Brisse. "Stability testing beyond 1000 hours of solid oxide cells under steam electrolysis operation." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells X, 87–96. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119040637.ch9.

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Yamada, T., N. Chitose, H. Eto, M. Yamada, K. Hosoi, N. Komada, T. Inagaki, et al. "Application of Lanthanum Gallate Based Oxide Electrolyte in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells III, 79–89. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470339534.ch9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solid oxide electrolysi"

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O’Brien, J. E., C. M. Stoots, J. S. Herring, and P. A. Lessing. "Performance Characterization of Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Cells for Hydrogen Production." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2474.

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An experimental study has been completed to assess the hydrogen-production performance of single solid-oxide electrolysis cells operating over a temperature range of 800 to 900°C. The experiments were performed over a range of steam inlet partial pressures (2.3 – 12.2 kPa), carrier gas flow rates (50–200 sccm), and current densities (−0.75 to 0.25 A/cm2) using single electrolyte-supported button cells of scandia-stabilized zirconia. Steam consumption rates associated with electrolysis were measured directly using inlet and outlet dewpoint instrumentation. Cell operating potentials and cell current were varied using a programmable power supply. Values of area-specific resistance and hydrogen production rate are presented as a function of current density. Cell performance is shown to be continuous from the fuel-cell mode to the electrolysis mode of operation. The effects of steam starvation and thermal cycling on cell performance parameters are discussed. Laboratory capabilities are currently being expanded to allow for testing and characterization of multiple-cell electrolysis stacks. Some fundamental differences between the fuel-cell and electrolysis modes of operation have been summarized.
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Sohal, M. S., J. E. O’Brien, C. M. Stoots, V. I. Sharma, B. Yildiz, and A. Virkar. "Degradation Issues in Solid Oxide Cells During High Temperature Electrolysis." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33332.

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Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is performing high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) research to generate hydrogen using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). The project goals are to address the technical and degradation issues associated with the SOECs. This paper provides a summary of ongoing INL and INL-sponsored activities aimed at addressing SOEC degradation. These activities include stack testing, post-test examination, degradation modeling, and issues that need to be addressed in the future. Major degradation issues relating to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are relatively better understood than those for SOECs. Some of the degradation mechanisms in SOFCs include contact problems between adjacent cell components, microstructural deterioration (coarsening) of the porous electrodes, and blocking of the reaction sites within the electrodes. Contact problems include delamination of an electrode from the electrolyte, growth of a poorly (electronically) conducting oxide layer between the metallic interconnect plates and the electrodes, and lack of contact between the interconnect and the electrode. INL’s test results on HTE using solid oxide cells do not provide clear evidence as to whether different events lead to similar or drastically different electrochemical degradation mechanisms. Post-test examination of the SOECs showed that the hydrogen electrode and interconnect get partially oxidized and become nonconductive. This is most likely caused by the hydrogen stream composition and flow rate during cooldown. The oxygen electrode side of the stacks seemed to be responsible for the observed degradation because of large areas of electrode delamination. Based on the oxygen electrode appearance, the degradation of these stacks was largely controlled by the oxygen electrode delamination rate. Virkar et al. [19–22] have developed a SOEC model based on concepts in local thermodynamic equilibrium in systems otherwise in global thermodynamic nonequilibrium. This model is under continued development. It shows that electronic conduction through the electrolyte, however small, must be taken into account for determining local oxygen chemical potential within the electrolyte. The chemical potential within the electrolyte may lie out of bounds in relation to values at the electrodes in the electrolyzer mode. Under certain conditions, high pressures can develop in the electrolyte just under the oxygen electrode (anode)/electrolyte interface, leading to electrode delamination. This theory is being further refined and tested by introducing some electronic conduction in the electrolyte.
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O’Brien, J. E., C. M. Stoots, J. S. Herring, and J. Hartvigsen. "Hydrogen Production Performance of a 10-Cell Planar Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Stack." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74168.

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An experimental study is under way to assess the performance of solid-oxide cells operating in the steam electrolysis mode for hydrogen production over a temperature range of 800 to 900°C. Results presented in this paper were obtained from a ten-cell planar electrolysis stack, with an active area of 64 cm2 per cell. The electrolysis cells are electrolyte-supported, with scandia-stabilized zirconia electrolytes (∼140 μm thick), nickel-cermet steam/hydrogen electrodes, and manganite air-side electrodes. The metallic interconnect plates are fabricated from ferritic stainless steel. The experiments were performed over a range of steam inlet mole fractions (0.1–0.6), gas flow rates (1000–4000 sccm), and current densities (0 to 0.38 A/cm2). Steam consumption rates associated with electrolysis were measured directly using inlet and outlet dewpoint instrumentation. Cell operating potentials and cell current were varied using a programmable power supply. Hydrogen production rates up to 100 Normal liters per hour were demonstrated. Values of area-specific resistance and stack internal temperatures are presented as a function of current density. Stack performance is shown to be dependent on inlet steam flow rate.
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O’Brien, J. E., C. M. Stoots, J. S. Herring, P. A. Lessing, J. J. Hartvigsen, and S. Elangovan. "Performance Measurements of Solid-Oxide Electrolysis Cells for Hydrogen Production From Nuclear Energy." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49479.

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An experimental study has been completed to assess the performance of single solid-oxide electrolysis cells operating over a temperature range of 800 to 900°C. The experiments were performed over a range of steam inlet partial pressures (2.3–12.2 kPa), carrier gas flow rates (50–200 sccm), and current densities (−0.75 to 0.25 A/cm2) using single electrolyte-supported button cells of scandia-stabilized zirconia. Steam consumption rates associated with electrolysis were measured directly using inlet and outlet dewpoint instrumentation. Cell operating potentials and cell current were varied using a programmable power supply and monitored continuously. Values of area-specific resistance and thermal efficiency are presented as a function of current density. Cell performance is shown to be continuous from the fuel-cell mode to the electrolysis mode of operation. The effects of steam starvation and thermal cycling on cell performance parameters are discussed.
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5

Zhu, Bin, Juncai Sun, Xueli Sun, Song Li, Wenyuan Gao, Xiangrong Liu, and Zhigang Zhu. "Compatible Cathode Materials for High Performance Low Temperature (300–600°C) Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97279.

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We have made extensive efforts to develop various compatible electrode materials for the ceria-based composite (CBC) electrolytes, which have been, reported as most advanced LTSOFC electrolyte materials (Zhu, 2003). The electrode materials we have investigated can be classified as four categories: i) LSCCF (LaSrCoCaFeO) and BSCF perovskite oxides applied for our CBC electrolyte LTSOFCs; ii) LFN (LaFeO-based oxides, e.g. LaFe0.8Ni0.2O3) perovskite oxides; iii) lithiated oxides: e.g. LiNiOx, LiVOx or LiCuOx are typical cathode examples for the CBC LTSOFCs; iv) other mixed oxide systems, most common in a mixture of two-oxide phases, such CuOx-NiOx, CuO-ZnO etc. systems with or without lithiation are developed for the CBC systems, especially for direct alcohol LTSOFCs. These cathode materials used for the CBC electrolyte LTSOFCs have demonstrated excellent performances at 300–600°C, e.g. 1000 mWcm−2 was achieved at 580°C. The LTSOFCs can be operated with a wide range of fuels, e.g. hydrogen, methanol, ethanol etc with great potential for applications.
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Isenberg, Arnold O., and Robert J. Cusick. "Carbon Dioxide Electrolysis with Solid Oxide Electrolyte Cells for Oxygen Recovery in Life Support Systems." In Intersociety Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/881040.

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7

Park, Kwangjin, Yu-Mi Kim, and Joongmyeon Bae. "Performance Behavior for Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85071.

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The performance behavior of solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) was investigated. Initial performance of the cell as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) mode at 800°C was measured as 0.15 W/cm2. The SOEC showed the stable performance during 5 hours operation at −0.15A/cm2. The power for electrolysis was increased during the first 30 minutes operation due to the increase of internal resistance of the cell. After 5 hours operation, the degradation rate of SOEC performance was about 3% due to redox reaction of hydrogen electrode.
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Zhang, Xiaoyu, James E. O’Brien, Robert C. O’Brien, Joseph J. Hartvigsen, Greg Tao, and Nathalie Petigny. "Recent Advances in High Temperature Electrolysis at Idaho National Laboratory: Stack Tests." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2012-91049.

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Abstract:
High temperature steam electrolysis is a promising technology for efficiently sustainable large-scale hydrogen production. Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are able to utilize high temperature heat and electric power from advanced high-temperature nuclear reactors or renewable sources to generate carbon-free hydrogen at large scale. However, long term durability of SOECs needs to be improved significantly before commercialization of this technology. A degradation rate of 1%/khr or lower is proposed as a threshold value for commercialization of this technology. Solid oxide electrolysis stack tests have been conducted at Idaho National Laboratory to demonstrate recent improvements in long-term durability of SOECs. Electrolyte-supported and electrode-supported SOEC stacks were provided by Ceramatec Inc., Materials and Systems Research Inc. (MSRI), and Saint Gobain Advanced Materials (St. Gobain), respectively for these tests. Long-term durability tests were generally operated for a duration of 1000 hours or more. Stack tests based on technologies developed at Ceramatec and MSRI have shown significant improvement in durability in the electrolysis mode. Long-term degradation rates of 3.2%/khr and 4.6%/khr were observed for MSRI and Ceramatec stacks, respectively. One recent Ceramatec stack even showed negative degradation (performance improvement) over 1900 hours of operation. A three-cell short stack provided by St. Gobain, however, showed rapid degradation in the electrolysis mode. Optimizations of electrode materials, interconnect coatings, and electrolyte-electrode interface microstructures contribute to better durability of SOEC stacks.
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Finsterbusch, Martin. "Oxide-Electrolyte Based All-Solid-State Batteries." In Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MAT-SUS). València: FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.nfm.2022.088.

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Sridhar, K. R., and B. T. Vaniman. "Oxygen Production on Mars Using Solid Oxide Electrolysis." In International Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951737.

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Reports on the topic "Solid oxide electrolysi"

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Manohar S. Sohal, Anil V. Virkar, Sergey N. Rashkeev, and Michael V. Glazoff. Modeling Degradation in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/993195.

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Starr, T. L. Modeling for CVD of Solid Oxide Electrolyte. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885565.

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Manohar Sohal. Degradation in Solid Oxide Cells During High Temperature Electrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/957533.

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Manohar Motwani. Modeling Degradation in Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells - Volume II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1031675.

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J.E. O'Brien, X. Zhang, R.C. O'Brien, and G.L. Hawkes. Summary Report on Solid-oxide Electrolysis Cell Testing and Development. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1042374.

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Liaw, B. Y., and S. Y. Song. Modifying zirconia solid electrolyte surface property to enhance oxide transport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460197.

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Ruud, J. A. System Design and New Materials for Reversible, Solid-Oxide, High Temperature Steam Electrolysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921170.

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Tao, Greg, G. A Reversible Planar Solid Oxide Fuel-Fed Electrolysis Cell and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Hydrogen and Electricity Production Operating on Natural Gas/Biomass Fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/934689.

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Tang, Eric, Tony Wood, Casey Brown, Micah Casteel, Michael Pastula, Mark Richards, and Randy Petri. Solid Oxide Based Electrolysis and Stack Technology with Ultra-High Electrolysis Current Density (>3A/cm2) and Efficiency. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1513461.

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Author, Not Given. 3D CFD Electrochemical and Heat Transfer Model of an Integrated-Planar Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/953673.

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