Journal articles on the topic 'Solid oxide electrolyser'

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1

Yang, Liming, Kui Xie, Lan Wu, Qingqing Qin, Jun Zhang, Yong Zhang, Ting Xie, and Yucheng Wu. "A composite cathode based on scandium doped titanate with enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards direct carbon dioxide electrolysis." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 39 (2014): 21417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02229g.

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2

Lehtinen, Timo, and Matti Noponen. "Solid Oxide Electrolyser Demonstrator Development at Elcogen." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-03, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-031285mtgabs.

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3

Lehtinen, Timo, and Matti Noponen. "Solid Oxide Electrolyser Demonstrator Development at Elcogen." ECS Transactions 103, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 1939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10301.1939ecst.

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4

Borm, Oliver, and Stephen B. Harrison. "Reliable off-grid power supply utilizing green hydrogen." Clean Energy 5, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab025.

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Abstract Green hydrogen produced from wind, solar or hydro power is a suitable electricity storage medium. Hydrogen is typically employed as mid- to long-term energy storage, whereas batteries cover short-term energy storage. Green hydrogen can be produced by any available electrolyser technology [alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC), polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), anion exchange membrane (AEM), solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC)] if the electrolysis is fed by renewable electricity. If the electrolysis operates under elevated pressure, the simplest way to store the gaseous hydrogen is to feed it directly into an ordinary pressure vessel without any external compression. The most efficient way to generate electricity from hydrogen is by utilizing a fuel cell. PEM fuel cells seem to be the most favourable way to do so. To increase the capacity factor of fuel cells and electrolysers, both functionalities can be integrated into one device by using the same stack. Within this article, different reversible technologies as well as their advantages and readiness levels are presented, and their potential limitations are also discussed.
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5

Menon, V., V. M. Janardhanan, and O. Deutschmann. "Modeling of Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cells: From H2, CO Electrolysis to Co-Electrolysis." ECS Transactions 57, no. 1 (October 6, 2013): 3207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/05701.3207ecst.

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6

Motylinski, Konrad, Michał Wierzbicki, Stanisław Jagielski, and Jakub Kupecki. "Investigation of off-design characteristics of solid oxide electrolyser (SOE) operated in endothermic conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 137 (2019): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913701029.

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One of the key issues in the energy production sector worldwide is the efficient way to storage energy. Currently- more and more attention is focused on Power-to-Gas (P2G) installations- where excess electric power from the grid or various renewable energy sources is used to produce different kind of fuels- such as hydrogen. In such cases- generated fuels are treated as energy carriers which- in contrast to electricity- can be easy stored and transported. Currently- high temperature electrolysers- based solid oxide cells (SOC)- are treated as an interesting alternative for P2G systems. Solid oxide electrolysers (SOE) are characterized as highly efficient (~90%) and long-term stable technologies- which can be coupled with stationary power plants. In the current work- the solid oxide cell stack was operated in electrolysis mode in the endothermic conditions. Based on the gathered experimental data- the numerical model of the SOC stack was created and validated. The prepared and calibrated model was used for generation of stack performance maps for different operating conditions. The results allowed to determine optimal working conditions for the tested stack in the electrolysis mode- thus reducing potential costs of expensive experimental analysis and test campaigns.
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7

Schiller, Günter, Asif Ansar, and Olaf Patz. "High Temperature Water Electrolysis Using Metal Supported Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cells (SOEC)." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.135.

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Metal supported cells as developed at DLR for use as solid oxide fuel cells by applying plasma deposition technologies were investigated in operation of high temperature steam electrolysis. The cells consisted of a porous ferritic steel support, a diffusion barrier layer, a Ni/YSZ fuel electrode, a YSZ electrolyte and a LSCF oxygen electrode. During fuel cell and electrolysis operation the cells were electrochemically characterised by means of i-V characteristics and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements including a long-term test over 2000 hours. The results of electrochemical performance and long-term durability tests of both single cells and single repeating units (cell including metallic interconnect) are reported. During electrolysis operation at an operating temperature of 850 °C a cell voltage of 1.28 V was achieved at a current density of -1.0 A cm-2; at 800 °C the cell voltage was 1.40 V at the same operating conditions. The impedance spectra revealed a significantly enhanced polarisation resistance during electrolysis operation compared to fuel cell operation which was mainly attributed to the hydrogen electrode. During a long-term test run of a single cell over 2000 hours a degradation rate of 3.2% per 1000 hours was observed for operation with steam content of 43% at 800 °C and a current density of -0.3 Acm-2. Testing of a single repeating unit proved that a good contacting of cell and metallic interconnect is of major importance to achieve good performance. A test run over nearly 1000 hours showed a remarkably low degradation rate.
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8

Schiller, G., A. Ansar, M. Lang, and O. Patz. "High temperature water electrolysis using metal supported solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOEC)." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 39, no. 2 (October 7, 2008): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-008-9672-6.

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9

Qin, Qingqing, Kui Xie, Haoshan Wei, Wentao Qi, Jiewu Cui, and Yucheng Wu. "Demonstration of efficient electrochemical biogas reforming in a solid oxide electrolyser with titanate cathode." RSC Adv. 4, no. 72 (2014): 38474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05587j.

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10

Jang, Inyoung, and Geoff H. Kelsall. "Effects of Electronic and Ionic Conductivities of Layered Perovskites on Solid Oxide Electrolyser Performances." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 49 (October 9, 2022): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02491955mtgabs.

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The climate change crisis is causing an exponentially increase in demand for green hydrogen. When run in electrolysis mode, solid oxide electrochemical reactors (SOERs) are one of the systems that can generate green hydrogen with high efficiencies, due to their high operating temperatures. In SOERs, the rate-determining steps for the overall reaction come from oxygen reduction (ORR) in fuel cell mode and oxygen evolution (OER) in electrolyser mode. For the enhancement of catalytic activity for ORR/OER, recent studies have been focused on layer perovskite materials for positive electrodes to increase SOER performances. The distinctive arrangement of cations in their structures leads to higher oxygen vacancy concentrations, thereby promoting catalytic activity for ORR/OER. We shall report OER kinetics of two layered perovskites: PrBaCo1.6Fe0.4O5+δ (PBCF) and NdBaCo1.6Fe0.4O5+δ (NBCF) which have been studied as materials exhibiting major differences in oxide ion and electronic conductivities. Electrolyser performances were determined of both water vapour (→2H2 + O2) and CO2 (→2CO + O2), on which the effects were investigated of those differences in ionic / electronic conductivities. For water vapour electrolysis at the thermoneutral potential difference of 1.285 V, the current density was 144 mA cm-2 at 700 ℃ for the cell with a PBCF positive electrode, which exhibited current densities 1.42 times higher than for the cell with a NBCF positive electrode, for reasons we shall explain.
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11

Lang, M., C. Bohn, K. Couturier, X. Sun, S. J. McPhail, T. Malkow, A. Pilenga, Q. Fu, and Q. Liu. "Electrochemical Quality Assurance of Solid Oxide Electrolyser (SOEC) Stacks." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 166, no. 15 (2019): F1180—F1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0041915jes.

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12

Xu, Cheng, Yin Wang, Le Jin, Junfeng Ding, Xiao Ma, and Wei Guo Wang. "Degradation of Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cells with Different Anodes." ECS Transactions 41, no. 33 (December 16, 2019): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3702416.

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13

Lang, Michael, Sebastian Raab, Michelle Sophie Lemcke, Corinna Bohn, and Matthias Pysik. "Long Term Behavior of Solid Oxide Electrolyser (SOEC) Stacks." ECS Transactions 91, no. 1 (July 10, 2019): 2713–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/09101.2713ecst.

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14

Cinti, Giovanni, Domenico Frattini, Elio Jannelli, Umberto Desideri, and Gianni Bidini. "Coupling Solid Oxide Electrolyser (SOE) and ammonia production plant." Applied Energy 192 (April 2017): 466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.026.

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15

Barelli, L., G. Bidini, and A. Ottaviano. "Hydromethane generation through SOE (solid oxide electrolyser): Advantages of H2O–CO2 co-electrolysis." Energy 90 (October 2015): 1180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.052.

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16

Hu, Su, Qing Shan Li, Yi Feng Zheng, Shi Hao Wei, and Cheng Xu. "Enhanced Performance of Ag-Doped Oxygen Electrode Based Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell under High Temperature Electrolysis of Steam." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1708.

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Solid oxide electrolyser (SOE) has been receiving increasing attention due to its potential applications in large-scale hydrogen production and carbon dioxide recycling for fuels. Improving the performance of SOE cell through oxygen electrode development has been of main interest because the major polarization loss of the SOE cell is at the oxygen electrode during high temperature electrolysis (HTE). In the present study, Ag was doped into (La0.75Sr0.25)0.95MnO3+δ(LSM) based oxygen electrode of Ni/YSZ cathode-supported SOE cell through a solid state method enhanced by ball milling. Short stacks were manufactured using doped and undoped cells and tested under HTE of steam at 800°C up to 150h for in situ comparative study of doping effect. The cells with doped oxygen electrodes showed less polarization loss, lower resistance and improved performance by comparison with the undoped cell. Post-mortem examination revealed Ag migrated from the current collecting layer to the electrolyte/anode interface, which may promote the cell performance.
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17

Zhang, Caizhi, Qinglin Liu, Qi Wu, Yifeng Zheng, Juan Zhou, Zhengkai Tu, and Siew Hwa Chan. "Modelling of solid oxide electrolyser cell using extreme learning machine." Electrochimica Acta 251 (October 2017): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.08.113.

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18

Al Daroukh, M., F. Tietz, D. Sebold, and H. P. Buchkremer. "Post-test analysis of electrode-supported solid oxide electrolyser cells." Ionics 21, no. 4 (October 10, 2014): 1039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-014-1273-2.

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19

Bianchi, Fiammetta Rita, and Barbara Bosio. "Operating Principles, Performance and Technology Readiness Level of Reversible Solid Oxide Cells." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 4777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094777.

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The continuous increase of energy demand with the subsequent huge fossil fuel consumption is provoking dramatic environmental consequences. The main challenge of this century is to develop and promote alternative, more eco-friendly energy production routes. In this framework, Solid Oxide Cells (SOCs) are a quite attractive technology which could satisfy the users’ energy request working in reversible operation. Two operating modes are alternated: from “Gas to Power”, when SOCs work as fuel cells fed with hydrogen-rich mixture to provide both electricity and heat, to “Power to Gas”, when SOCs work as electrolysers and energy is supplied to produce hydrogen. If solid oxide fuel cells are an already mature technology with several stationary and mobile applications, the use of solid oxide electrolyser cells and even more reversible cells are still under investigation due to their insufficient lifetime. Aiming at providing a better understanding of this new technological approach, the study presents a detailed description of cell operation in terms of electrochemical behaviour and possible degradation, highlighting which are the most commonly used performance indicators. A thermodynamic analysis of system efficiency is proposed, followed by a comparison with other available electrochemical devices in order to underline specific solid oxide cell advantages and limitations.
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20

Pérez-Viramontes, Nicté J., Virginia H. Collins-Martínez, Ismailia L. Escalante-García, José R. Flores-Hernández, Marisol Galván-Valencia, and Sergio M. Durón-Torres. "Ir-Sn-Sb-O Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Physicochemical Characterization and Performance in Water Electrolysis Single Cell with Solid Polymer Electrolyte." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050524.

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Mixed oxide Ir-Sn-Sb-O electrocatalyst was synthesized using thermal decomposition from chloride precursors in ethanol. Our previous results showed that Ir-Sn-Sb-O possesses electrocatalytic activity for an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media. In the present work, the physicochemical characterization and performance of Ir-Sn-Sb-O in an electrolysis cell are reported. IrO2 supported on antimony doped tin oxide (ATO) was also considered in this study as a reference catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that Ir-Sn-Sb-O has a mixed morphology with nanometric size. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) showed a heterogeneous atomic distribution. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis resulted in particle sizes of IrO2 and ATO between 3 to >10 nm, while the Ir-Sn-Sb-O catalyst presented non-uniform particle sizes from 3 to 50 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated that synthesized mixed oxide consists of IrO2, IrOx, doped SnO2 phases and metallic Ir. The Ir-Sn-Sb-O mixed composition was corroborated by temperature programmed reduction (TPR) measurements. The performance of Ir-Sn-Sb-O in a single cell electrolyser showed better results for hydrogen production than IrO2/ATO using a mechanical mixture. Ir-Sn-Sb-O demonstrated an onset potential for water electrolysis close to 1.45 V on Ir-Sn-Sb-O and a current density near to 260 mA mg−1 at 1.8 V. The results suggest that the mixed oxide Ir-Sn-Sb-O has favorable properties for further applications in water electrolysers.
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21

Denk, Karel, Martin Paidar, Jaromir Hnat, and Karel Bouzek. "Potential of Membrane Alkaline Water Electrolysis in Connection with Renewable Power Sources." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 26 (July 7, 2022): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01261225mtgabs.

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Hydrogen is an efficient energy carrier with numerous applications in various areas as industry, energetics, and transport. Its potential depends also on the origin of the energy used to produce the hydrogen with respect to its environmental impact. Where the standard production of hydrogen from fossil fuels (methane steam reforming, etc.) doesn’t bring any benefit to decarbonisation of society. The most ecological approach involves water electrolysis using ‘green’ electricity, such as renewable power sources. Such hydrogen thus stores energy which can be used later. Hydrogen, used in the transport sector, can minimize its environmental impact together with preserving the driving range and decrease the recharge/refill time in comparison with a pure battery-powered vehicle. For transportation the hydrogen filling stations network is required. Local production of hydrogen is one of proposed scenarios. The combination of electrolyser and renewable power source is the most viable local source of hydrogen. It is important to know the possible amount of hydrogen produced with respect to local environmental and economic conditions. Hydrogen production by water electrolysis is an extensively studied topic. Among the three most prominent types, which are the alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), proton-exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis and high-temperature solid-oxide electrolysis, AWE is the technology which is widely used in the industry for the longest time. In the recent development, AWE is being modified by incorporation of anion-selective membranes (ASMs) to replace the diaphragm used as the cell separator. In comparison with the diaphragm, ASMs perform acceptably in environment with lower temperatures and lower concentrations of the liquid electrolyte, thus, allowing for very flexible operation similarly to the PEM electrolysers. On the other hand, ASMs are not yet in a development level where they could outperform the diaphragm and PEM in long-term stability. Renewable sources of energy, predominantly photovoltaic (PV) plants and wind turbines, operate with non-stable output of electricity. Considering their proposed connection to the water electrolysis, flexibility of such electrolyser is of the essence for maximizing hydrogen production. The aim of this work is to consider a connection of a PV plant with an AWE. Power output data from a real PV plant are taken as a source of electricity for a model AWE. The input data for the electrolyser were taken from a laboratory AWE. The AWE data were measured using a single-cell electrolyser using Zirfon Perl® cell separator with nickel-foam electrodes. Operation including ion-selective membranes was also taken into consideration. Data from literature were used to set possible operation range and other electrolyser parameters. Small-scale operation was then upscaled to match dimensions of a real AWE operation. Using the before mentioned data, a hydrogen production model was made. The model takes the power output of the PV plant in time and decides whether to use the power for preheating of the electrolyser or for electrolytic hydrogen production. Temperature of the electrolyser is influenced by the preheating, thermal-energy loss of the electrolytic reactions, or cooling to maintain optimal conditions. The advantage of the created model is its variability for both energy output of the power plant or other instable power source and the properties of the electrolyser. It can be used to predict hydrogen production in time with respect to the electrolyser and PV power plant size. The difference between standard AWE and AWE with ion exchange membrane is mainly shown during start-up time where membrane based electrolyser shows better efficiency. Frequency of start-stop operation modes thus influences the choice of suitable electrolyser type. Another output is to optimize design of an electrolyser to fit the scale of an existing plant from economical point of view. This knowledge is an important input into the plan which is set to introduce hydrogen-powered transport options where fossil-fuel powered vehicles is often the only option, such as unelectrified low-traffic railroad networks. Acknowledgment: This project is financed by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic under grant TO01000324, in the frame of the KAPPA programme, with funding from EEA Grants and Norway Grants.
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Xu, Shanshan, Shigang Chen, Meng Li, Kui Xie, Yan Wang, and Yucheng Wu. "Composite cathode based on Fe-loaded LSCM for steam electrolysis in an oxide-ion-conducting solid oxide electrolyser." Journal of Power Sources 239 (October 2013): 332–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.03.182.

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23

Riester, Christian Michael, Gotzon García, Nerea Alayo, Albert Tarancón, Diogo M. F. Santos, and Marc Torrell. "Business Model Development for a High-Temperature (Co-)Electrolyser System." Fuels 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 392–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fuels3030025.

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There are increasing international efforts to tackle climate change by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. As such, the use of electrolytic hydrogen as an energy carrier in decentralised and centralised energy systems, and as a secondary energy carrier for a variety of applications, is projected to grow. Required green hydrogen can be obtained via water electrolysis using the surplus of renewable energy during low electricity demand periods. Electrolysis systems with alkaline and polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) technology are commercially available in different performance classes. The less mature solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) promises higher efficiencies, as well as co-electrolysis and reversibility functions. This work uses a bottom-up approach to develop a viable business model for a SOEC-based venture. The broader electrolysis market is analysed first, including conventional and emerging market segments. A further opportunity analysis ranks these segments in terms of business attractiveness. Subsequently, the current state and structure of the global electrolyser industry are reviewed, and a ten-year outlook is provided. Key industry players are identified and profiled, after which the major industry and competitor trends are summarised. Based on the outcomes of the previous assessments, a favourable business case is generated and used to develop the business model proposal. The main findings suggest that grid services are the most attractive business sector, followed by refineries and power-to-liquid processes. SOEC technology is particularly promising due to its co-electrolysis capabilities within the methanol production process. Consequently, an “engineering firm and operator” business model for a power-to-methanol plant is considered the most viable option.
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24

Biswas, Saheli, Aniruddha P. Kulkarni, Daniel Fini, Shambhu Singh Rathore, Aaron Seeber, Sarbjit Giddey, and Sankar Bhattacharya. "Catalyst-induced enhancement of direct methane synthesis in solid oxide electrolyser." Electrochimica Acta 391 (September 2021): 138934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138934.

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25

Egger, A., N. Schrodl, and W. Sitte. "Evaluation of La2NiO4 as Anode Material for Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cells." ECS Transactions 68, no. 1 (July 17, 2015): 3345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/06801.3345ecst.

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26

Xie, Kui, Yaoqing Zhang, Guangyao Meng, and John T. S. Irvine. "Electrochemical reduction of CO2 in a proton conducting solid oxide electrolyser." J. Mater. Chem. 21, no. 1 (2011): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0jm02205e.

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27

Lu, Jinhai, Changli Zhu, Changchang Pan, Wenlie Lin, John P. Lemmon, Fanglin Chen, Chunsen Li, and Kui Xie. "Highly efficient electrochemical reforming of CH4/CO2in a solid oxide electrolyser." Science Advances 4, no. 3 (March 2018): eaar5100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar5100.

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28

Lo Faro, Massimiliano, Sabrina Campagna Zignani, Vincenzo Antonucci, and Antonino Salvatore Aricò. "The Effect of Ni-Modified LSFCO Promoting Layer on the Gas Produced through Co-Electrolysis of CO2 and H2O at Intermediate Temperatures." Catalysts 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11010056.

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The co-electrolysis of CO2 and H2O at an intermediate temperature is a viable approach for the power-to-gas conversion that deserves further investigation, considering the need for green energy storage. The commercial solid oxide electrolyser is a promising device, but it is still facing issues concerning the high operating temperatures and the improvement of gas value. In this paper we reported the recent findings of a simple approach that we have suggested for solid oxide cells, consisting of the addition of a functional layer coated to the fuel electrode of commercial electrochemical cells. This approach simplifies the transition to the next generation of cells manufactured with the most promising materials currently developed, and improves the gas value in the outlet stream of the cell. Here, the material in use as a coating layer consists of a Ni-modified La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3, which was developed and demonstrated as a promising fuel electrode for solid oxide fuel cells. The results discussed in this paper prove the positive role of Ni-modified perovskite as a coating layer for the cathode, since an improvement of about twofold was obtained as regards the quality of gas produced.
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Mikkola, Jyrki, Karine Couturier, Belma Talic, Stefano Frangini, Nathalie Giacometti, Nathalie Pelissier, Bhaskar Reddy Sudireddy, and Olivier Thomann. "Protective Coatings for Ferritic Stainless Steel Interconnect Materials in High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolyser Atmospheres." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031168.

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Stainless steel interconnect materials used in solid oxide fuel cells and electrolysers need to be coated to improve oxidation resistance and to mitigate Cr-vaporization. This work aimed to explore the optimal steel/coating combinations suitable for use in reversible solid oxide stacks and evaluated (Co,Mn)3O4 spinel, LaFeO3 perovskite, Ce/Co and Y-based coatings, on AISI441 and Crofer 22 APU steels. The coatings were evaluated based on measurements of mass gain and oxide scale thickness after exposure at 700 and 800 °C to fuel side (90 vol.% H2O/10 vol.% H2) and air/oxygen side (pure O2) atmospheres. In pure O2, the most efficient coatings for limiting oxide scale formation and Cr evaporation, compared to the bare steel, were (Co,Mn)3O4 and CeCo on Crofer 22 APU. In 90 vol.% H2O/10 vol.% H2, the Y-based coating showed the largest improvement in oxidation resistance.
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30

Harman, Jonathan, Per Hjalmarsson, Joshua Mermelstein, Joshua Ryley, Harry Sadler, and Mark Selby. "1MW-Class Solid Oxide Electrolyser System Prototype for Low-Cost Green Hydrogen." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-03, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-031206mtgabs.

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Harman, Jonathan, Per Hjalmarsson, Joshua Mermelstein, Joshua Ryley, Harry Sadler, and Mark Selby. "1MW-Class Solid Oxide Electrolyser System Prototype for Low-Cost Green Hydrogen." ECS Transactions 103, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10301.0383ecst.

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32

Lang, Michael, Corinna Auer, Karine Couturier, Xiufu Sun, Stephen J. McPhail, Thomas Malkow, Qingxi Fu, and Qinglin Liu. "Quality Assurance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Electrolyser (SOEC) Stacks." ECS Transactions 78, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): 2077–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/07801.2077ecst.

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33

García-Camprubí, M., S. Izquierdo, and N. Fueyo. "Challenges in the electrochemical modelling of solid oxide fuel and electrolyser cells." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 33 (May 2014): 701–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.034.

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34

Samavati, Mahrokh, Massimo Santarelli, Andrew Martin, and Vera Nemanova. "Thermodynamic and economy analysis of solid oxide electrolyser system for syngas production." Energy 122 (March 2017): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.067.

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35

Dillig, Marius, and Jürgen Karl. "Thermal Management of High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell/Fuel Cell Systems." Energy Procedia 28 (2012): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.08.038.

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36

Palcut, Marián, Lars Mikkelsen, Kai Neufeld, Ming Chen, Ruth Knibbe, and Peter V. Hendriksen. "Corrosion stability of ferritic stainless steels for solid oxide electrolyser cell interconnects." Corrosion Science 52, no. 10 (October 2010): 3309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2010.06.006.

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37

Li, Zhe, Shisong Li, Chung-Jen Tseng, Shanwen Tao, and Kui Xie. "Redox-reversible perovskite ferrite cathode for high temperature solid oxide steam electrolyser." Electrochimica Acta 229 (March 2017): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.01.141.

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Biswas, Saheli, Aniruddha P. Kulkarni, Aaron Seeber, Mark Greaves, Sarbjit Giddey, and Sankar Bhattacharya. "Fe-Ce0.1Zr0.9O2-Ag electrode for one-step methane synthesis in solid oxide electrolyser." Ionics 28, no. 1 (October 21, 2021): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11581-021-04330-4.

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39

Biswas, Saheli, Aniruddha P. Kulkarni, Aaron Seeber, Mark Greaves, Sarbjit Giddey, and Sankar Bhattacharya. "Evaluation of novel ZnO–Ag cathode for CO2 electroreduction in solid oxide electrolyser." Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 26, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 695–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10008-021-05103-9.

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AbstractCO2 and steam/CO2 electroreduction to CO and methane in solid oxide electrolytic cells (SOEC) has gained major attention in the past few years. This work evaluates, for the very first time, the performance of two different ZnO–Ag cathodes: one where ZnO nanopowder was mixed with Ag powder for preparing the cathode ink (ZnOmix–Ag cathode) and the other one where Ag cathode was infiltrated with a zinc nitrate solution (ZnOinf –Ag cathode). ZnOmix–Ag cathode had a better distribution of ZnO particles throughout the cathode, resulting in almost double CO generation while electrolysing both dry CO2 and H2/CO2 (4:1 v/v). A maximum overall CO2 conversion of 48% (in H2/CO2) at 1.7 V and 700 °C clearly indicated that as low as 5 wt% zinc loading is capable of CO2 electroreduction. It was further revealed that for ZnOinf –Ag cathode, most of CO generation took place through RWGS reaction, but for ZnOmix–Ag cathode, it was the synergistic effect of both RWGS reaction and CO2 electrolysis. Although ZnOinf –Ag cathode produced trace amount of methane at higher voltages, with ZnOmix–Ag cathode, there was absolutely no methane. This seems to be due to strong electronic interaction between Zn and Ag that might have suppressed the catalytic activity of the cathode towards methanation.
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40

Schefold, Josef, and Annabelle Brisse. "Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell Testing up to the Above 30,000 h Time Range." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, no. 36 (May 1, 2020): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-01361451mtgabs.

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41

Schefold, Josef, Hendrik Poepke, and Annabelle Brisse. "Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell Testing Up to the Above 30,000 h Time Range." ECS Transactions 97, no. 7 (July 11, 2020): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/09707.0553ecst.

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42

Chauveau, F., J. Mougin, J. M. Bassat, F. Mauvy, and J. C. Grenier. "A new anode material for solid oxide electrolyser: The neodymium nickelate Nd2NiO4+δ." Journal of Power Sources 195, no. 3 (February 2010): 744–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.08.003.

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43

Hagen, Anke, Riccardo Caldogno, Federico Capotondo, and Xiufu Sun. "Metal Supported Electrolysis Cells." Energies 15, no. 6 (March 10, 2022): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062045.

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Solid oxide electrolyser (SOE) technology can become a key player in energy systems, with increasing shares of electricity from fluctuating sources such as wind and solar, contributing to power grid balance and energy storage as well as providing green fuels for transportation. Most mature SOE configurations are electrolyte supported or fuel electrode supported. Metal supported SOE cell configurations are an interesting concept for decreasing costs and increasing robustness. The present study compares fuel electrode supported and metal supported cells in terms of performance and durability under SOE conditions. Special emphasis was on medium temperature operating conditions of 650 °C. Metal supported cells, fabricated using ceramic processing methods, showed a better performance compared to state-of-the-art (SoA) cells with Ni/YSZ fuel electrode supported configuration, fabricated by tape casting and screen printing, under steam electrolysis conditions at 700 and 650 °C. The area specific cell resistance (ASR) was lower by ca. 20% for the metal supported cell in 50% H2O in H2 vs. air at 650 °C. Furthermore, the metal supported cells showed a stable performance—even a slight activation—during long-term steam electrolysis tests over 500 h at 650 °C and −0.25 and −0.5 A/cm2, while the SoA reference cell degraded with 13%/1000 h under the same conditions.
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44

Xiao, Guoping, Chengzhi Guan, Peng Chen, and Jian-Qiang Wang. "(Invited) High Temperature Steam/CO2 Co-electrolysis Using Solid Oxide Electrolyser Stack at Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2020-01, no. 36 (May 1, 2020): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2020-01361471mtgabs.

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Motylinski, Konrad, Michal Wierzbicki, Jakub Kupecki, and Stanislaw Jagielski. "Investigation of off-design characteristics of solid oxide electrolyser (SOE) operating in endothermic conditions." Renewable Energy 170 (June 2021): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.097.

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46

Angyus, Michael, Mark Williams, Gary Jesionowski, Randall Gemmen, Kirk Gerdes, and Massood Ramezan. "Estimating the Impacts of Integrating a Solid Oxide Electrolyser into a Coal Power Plant." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-03, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-031186mtgabs.

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Angyus, Michael, Mark Williams, Gary Jesionowski, Randall Gemmen, Kirk Gerdes, and Massood Ramezan. "Estimating the Impacts of Integrating a Solid Oxide Electrolyser into a Coal Power Plant." ECS Transactions 103, no. 1 (July 9, 2021): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10301.0249ecst.

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Wu, Guojian, Kui Xie, Yucheng Wu, Weitang Yao, and Jianer Zhou. "Electrochemical conversion of H2O/CO2 to fuel in a proton-conducting solid oxide electrolyser." Journal of Power Sources 232 (June 2013): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.039.

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49

The, D., S. Grieshammer, M. Schroeder, M. Martin, M. Al Daroukh, F. Tietz, J. Schefold, and A. Brisse. "Microstructural comparison of solid oxide electrolyser cells operated for 6100 h and 9000 h." Journal of Power Sources 275 (February 2015): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.10.188.

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50

Laurencin, J., D. Kane, G. Delette, J. Deseure, and F. Lefebvre-Joud. "Modelling of solid oxide steam electrolyser: Impact of the operating conditions on hydrogen production." Journal of Power Sources 196, no. 4 (February 2011): 2080–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.09.054.

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