Dissertations / Theses: 'Solid-liquid interface'

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Denk, Matthias. "Structural investigation of solid liquid interfaces metal semiconductor interface /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-29148.

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McDermott, D. C. "Adsorption at the solid/liquid interface." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317917.

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Marsh, Richard James. "Protein adsorption at the solid/liquid interface." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624796.

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Sun, Chen-guang. "Non-covalent bonding at the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610589.

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Curwen, Thomas Daniel. "Kinetics of surfactant adsorption at the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442388.

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Xu, Dan. "The adsorption of nanoparticles at the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577526.

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This study aims to investigate the adsorption of nanoparticles at the solid-water interface. Surface treatments with nanoparticles have been increasingly explored for a broad range of potential applications. However, the adsorption behaviour of inorganic nanoparticles has not been well studied to-date. Nanoparticle adsorption can be affected by several factors, such as the type of solid substrate, nanoparticle shape, nanoparticle concentration and salt concentration in the nanoparticle suspension, Two types of nanoparticles are used in this thesis: spherical Ludox silica (20 nm) and disk-like laponite clay (25 nm across, 1 nm thick). The adsorption of Laponite nanoparticles at the solid-water interface on various substrates and over a range of Laponite concentrations has been investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and an optical reflectometer (OR). Adsorption of laponite was only observed on a positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) surface, whereas no adsorption was seen on hydrophilic/hydrophobic, negative or neutrally charged surfaces. This shows that when fully wetted, Laponite adsorption depends primarily on the surface charge. The adsorption of both Laponite and Ludox silica onto PDADMAC coated surfaces over the first few seconds were studied by OR. The initial adsorption rate of Laponite was faster than Ludox, possibly due to reorientation of the laponite nanoparticles as they approach the substrate. Over longer times, the QCM data for Ludox III nanopartic1es demonstrated more complex adsorption behaviour than Laponite, demonstrating intermixing processes taking place within the PDADMAC-Ludox layer. The effect of a monovalent salt (NaCI) on the adsorption behaviour of both PDADMAC and Ludox nanopartic1es was also investigated using QCM. These data suggest that the adsorbed amount of Ludox increase with NaCI concentration. This can be explained by the roughening of the PDADMAC surface at high salt concentrations leading to more Ludox nanopartic1es adsorbing per unit area. Preliminary evidence for less intermixing between the PDADMAC and the Ludox when the PDADMAC layer was adsorbed and then pre-dried was also found.

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Patel, Asha. "Adsorption studies of polysiloxanes at the solid/liquid interface." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304063.

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8

Hjalmarsson, Nicklas. "Ionic liquids : The solid-liquid interface and surface forces." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Yt- och korrosionsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-186267.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) present new approaches for controlling interactions at the solid-liquid interface. ILs are defined as liquids consisting of bulky and asymmetric ions, with a melting point below 373 K. Owing to their amphiphilic character they are powerful solvents but also possess other interesting properties. For example, ILs can self-assemble and are attracted to surfaces due to their charged nature. As a result, they are capable of forming nanostructures both in bulk and at interfaces. This thesis describes how the solid-IL interface responds to external influences such as elevated temperatures, the addition of salt and polarisation. An improved understanding of how these factors govern the surface composition can provide tools for tuning systems to specific applications such as friction. Normal and friction forces are measured for ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) immersed between a mica surface and a silica probe, at different temperatures or salt concentrations. The results demonstrate that an increase in temperature or low concentrations of added salt only induce small changes in the interfacial structure and that the boundary layer properties remain intact. In contrast, at sufficiently large salt concentrations the smaller lithium ion prevails and the surface composition changes. The interfacial layer of a similar IL is also investigated upon the addition of salt and the results reveal that lithium ions affect the surface composition differently depending on the ion structure of the IL. This demonstrates that the surface selectivity strongly depends on the ion chemistry. Remarkably, a repulsive double layer force manifests itself for EAN at 393 K, which is not observed for lower temperatures. This indicates a temperature dependent change in EAN’s microscopic association behaviour and has general implications for how ILs are perceived. A new method is developed based on a quartz crystal microbalance to investigate how the surface compositions of ILs respond to polarisation. The approach demonstrates that interfacial layers of both a neat IL and an IL dissolved in oil can be controlled using potentials of different magnitudes and signs. Furthermore, the method enables two independent approaches for monitoring the charges during polarisation which can be used to quantify the surface composition. The technique also provides information on ion kinetics and surface selectivity. This work contributes to the fundamental understanding of the solid-IL interface and demonstrates that the surface composition of ILs can be controlled and monitored using different approaches.
Jonvätskor möjliggör nya tillvägagångssätt för att kontrollera interaktioner vid gränsskiktet mellan fasta ytor och vätskor. Jonvätskor definieras som vätskor som består av stora och asymmetriska joner med en smältpunkt under 373 K. På grund av sin amfifila karaktär är de starka lösningsmedel men har också andra intressanta egenskaper. Jonvätskor kan till exempel självorganisera sig och attraheras till ytor på grund av sin laddning. En följd av detta är att de bildar nanostrukturer både i bulk och på ytor. Denna avhandling beskriver hur gränsskiktet mellan fasta ytor och jonvätskor svarar på yttre påverkan såsom en ökning i temperatur, tillsättning av ett salt samt polarisering. En ökad förståelse för hur dessa faktorer styr ytkompositionen av jonvätskor kan bidra med verktyg för att kontrollera system till specifika applikationer såsom friktion. Normala- och friktionskrafter mäts för etylammonium nitrat (EAN) mellan en glimmeryta och en kolloidprob vid olika temperaturer eller saltkoncentrationer. Resultaten visar att en ökning av temperatur eller låga koncentrationer av tillsatt salt bara marginellt framkallar ändringar i strukturen på gränsytan och att det adsorberade lagret förblir intakt. När saltkoncentrationen emellertid var tillräckligt hög får den mindre litiumjonen överhanden och ytsammansättningen ändras. Ytlagret av en liknande jonvätska undersöks också vid tillsättning av salt och resultaten avslöjar att litiumjoner påverkar ytsammansättningen annorlunda beroende på jonstrukturen av jonvätskan. Detta visar att ytselektiviteten starkt beror på jonkemin. En repulsiv dubbellagerkraft yttrar sig anmärkningsvärt för EAN vid 393 K vilket inte observeras vid lägre temperaturer. Detta indikerar en ändring i EANs mikroskopiska sammansättningsbeteende och har generella återverkningar för hur jonvätskor uppfattas. En ny metod har utvecklats baserad på en kvartskristall mikrovåg för att undersöka hur ytsammansättningen av jonvätskor reagerar på polarisering. Denna metod visar att det adsorberade lagret av både en ren jonvätska och en jonvätska löst i olja kan kontrolleras genom att applicera spänningar med olika tecken och storlekar. Dessutom möjliggör metoden två oberoende tillvägagångssätt för att övervaka laddningarna under polarisering vilket kan användas för att kvantifiera ytsammansättningen. Tekniken ger också information om jonkinetik och ytselektivitet. Detta arbete bidrar till den grundläggande förståelsen av gränsskiktet mellan fasta ytor och jonvätskor och visar att ytsammansättningen av jonvätskor kan kontrolleras och övervakas med olika tillvägagångssätt.

QC 20160518

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Stocker, Isabella Natalie. "Adsorption at the calcite-liquid interface." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252293.

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Brügger, Georges. "Evanescent wave techniques for nanoparticle deposition at liquid-solid interface /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000288123.

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Zettner, Claudia Margaret. "Visualization of colloidal particle dynamics at a solid-liquid interface." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17532.

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Chabala, Evans David. "Structural x-ray diffraction study of the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260614.

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Fragneto, Giovanna. "Neutron reflection from surfactants adsorbed at the solid/liquid interface." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308619.

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Ramadan, Adham Ramzi. "An X-ray diffraction study of the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627584.

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Bowfield, Andrew. "Spectroscopic considerations on molecular adsorption at the solid/liquid interface." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/1225/.

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This thesis mainly focuses on the adsorption behaviour of various molecules at the solid/liquid interface. The variation in adsorption kinetics are studied as a function of concentration, pH, applied electrode potential and surrounding environment by the surface sensitive analytical techniques of Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. An electrochemical investigation into the surface reconstructions of Au(110) and their associated RA profiles is undertaken. The spectral profiles of Au(110) in 0.1 M H2SO4/Na2SO4, NaClO4/HClO4 and NaClO4 electrolytes were observed as a function of potential and spectral signatures of the different reconstructions are assigned. The adsorption of adenine and its monophosphate (AMP) on Au(110) was studied using RAS. It is shown that both molecules adsorb in a vertical orientation through sites common to the base through formation of base stacked layers. Application of a phenomenological Lorentzian transition model and rotations about the polarisation direction of the incident light suggest that the molecules align along the [1 0] principal axis of the substrate. Linear simulations show that the orientation of adenine at sub-saturation coverage is the same as that when a monolayer is adsorbed and that adenine does not adsorb on the surface at sufficiently alkaline pH. The attachment of thiolated ss DNA on a functionalised diamond surface and the subsequent detection of hybridisation are discussed. High resolution XPS spectra are used to characterise both the integrity and structure of the organic thin film and its modification to precipitate DNA adsorption. The sensitivity of RAS to the orientation of the alkyl backbone of decanethiol is displayed through alteration to the surrounding environment of the molecule. It is suggested that orientation of the hydrophobic backbone varies as the surrounding environment is changed from ethanol to air and finally to phosphate buffer.

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Nania, Samantha Lynn. "Spectroscopic analysis of molecular fluids at the solid-liquid interface." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5972.

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Chemical and physical interactions play important roles in surface film formation and fluid slip at the fluid-solid interface. It has been shown that the fluid molecules at this solid interface behave differently than the molecules in the bulk. To investigate fluid film formation and the fluid’s transition between bulk and interfacial regions, a dynamic wetting technique is utilized. This technique allows the formation of variable thickness fluid films. When used in conjunction with vibrational spectroscopy and ellipsometry, direct analysis of variable thicknesses films, spanning the bulk to interfacial transition, can be obtained. Film thickness are predicted using the Landau-Levich model and the Lifshitz model, and comparisons generally agree with experimental results. According to hydrodynamic no slip boundary condition, fluid molecules near a solid surface can have no velocity with respect to the solid substrate. Recent theories state more specifically that, if a fluid comes in contact with an ultra-smooth surface (< 5-7 nm RMS roughness), the no slip boundary condition might be violated. We confirmed violation of the no slip boundary condition in two specific cases for fluid layers on SAM-modified substrates. To understand how the fluid/solid properties affect this condition, an acetophenone and bare silver surface was studied. Our results show that the structure and ordering of fluid molecules within these films are highly dependent on the film’s thickness and confinement. Temperature control wetting studies also corroborate with these results showing that as a frozen film of large thickness approaches the melting point, a molecular reorganization occurs creating a crystalline structure before the film melts into an isotropic bulk structure. Structure dependence on alkyl-chain length was then investigated using a series of trialkylamine fluids. Results show significant changes in the vibrational profile as a function of film thicknesses and rotational velocity as the alkyl-chains increase in length. These are ascribed to changes in primary carbon attached to the nitrogen as a function shearing and the rigidity of the molecule. These results reveal interactions taking place at the solid-liquid interface and have impacts on a broad spectrum of industrial, commercial, and research applications including lubrication and transportation vehicles.

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Phipps, Jonathan Stuart. "A neutron reflection study of adsorption at liquid interfaces." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284248.

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Monga, Tanya. "Surface stress at the solid-liquid interface : alkanethiol monolayers on gold." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101628.

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Defective alkanethiol monolayers were studied as a model system to understand the stress changes observed in microcantilever-based DNA hybridization experiments. An exponential relationship between defect density and surface stress was found by performing simultaneous electrochemical/stress-sensing experiments. Microcantilevers with a range of defective alkylthiol self assembled monolayers were prepared and stress change/electrochemical data were collected in perchlorate, chloride, and bromide-containing electrolytes. Defects were probed using a ferrocene-thiol labeling technique which provides quantitative measurement of defect area. Using defects and solutions containing charge transferring adsorbates is suggested as a method for enhancing the surface stress signals in cantilever sensor systems. The best response from this study was obtained in bromide, as its exponential function had the sharpest increase with defect density.

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Kampschulte, Lorenz. "Nanoscale Ordering at the Liquid-Solid Interface using Self-Assembly Principles." Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-68432.

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Fröberg, Johan C. "On the behaviour of globular proteins at the solid/liquid interface /." Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/frob0529.pdf.

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Brunt, T. A. "Stress measurements at the solid-liquid interface using a micromechanical sensor." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597031.

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This dissertation describes the development of atomic force microscope cantilevers as surface stress sensors for monitoring surface processes at the solid-liquid interface. Micromechanical bending-beams are highly sensitive stress sensors; stress changes as small as 10^-4Nm^-1 can be detected using this type of bending-beam, whereas typical stress changes associated with monolayer processes are 0.1-1Nm^-1. As well as offering high sensitivity, micromechanical cantilevers have a fast response time (0.5ms in liquids) which means they are ideally suited for fast stress measurements. Textured (111) surfaces were prepared by thermal evaporation of Au onto one face of the Si₃N₄ cantilevers. These cantilevers were used as electrodes to monitor the stress changes associated with electrochemical processes, in conjunction with electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The potential-dependent adsorption of C1^- and I^- anions gave rise to stress changes of 0.5-1Nm^-1, and in both cases, adsorption of the anion was associated with an increase in compressive surface stress. Underpotential deposition (UPD) of Pb and Ag on Au(111) has been studied in detail. For Pb UPD on Au(111) a compressive stress change of 1Nm^-1 was measured on deposition of one monolayer. More detailed features in the surface stress-potential curve have been directly related to features in the cyclic voltammogram and known structural processes such as the potential-dependent compression of the Pb monolayer. The measured stress changes for Ag UPD on Au(111) were also 1Nm^-1 and did not display a strong dependence on the nature of the anion present in the electrolyte.

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Kottmann, Stephen Thomas. "Molecular simulation of biomaterials and biomolecules at the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43088.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-153).
Biomaterials and biomineralization have been successfully utilized in a broad variety of technical applications. Properties of natural biopolymers, such as the ability to control the nucleation, growth, and organization of crystals, have been extended to a much wider array of technologically applicable materials through combinatorial selection techniques. However, detailed mechanisms of peptide adsorption on inorganic surfaces have largely escaped characterization. This knowledge would open new routes for the rational design of nanostructures and composite biomaterials. The development of accurate and computationally efficient methods for the simulation of biopolymer-inorganic surface adsorption could provide a more detailed understanding of adsorption mechanisms. While simple models involving reduced solvent representations and polymer flexibility have found some success in limited applications, robust performance for systems of varying size and composition can generally be expected only through accurate inclusion of these key details. Fully atomistic representations of biopolymer and surface are necessary for detailed molecular recognition, while polymer flexibility is required to capture structural rearrangement and the resulting free energy contributions. Finally, electrostatic interactions between the adsorbing biopolymer and inorganic surface, as well as interactions of the polymer and surface with the surrounding solvent environment will play a dominant role in the adsorption process, and an accurate representation of the solvated system is inherently necessary. Computational efficiency can be increased through the application of implicit solvent models, which replace the numerous solvent molecules with a continuum dielectric, and seek to capture the average effects of the statistical solvent environment. The Poisson-Boltzmann model represents the most rigorous treatment of implicit solvent.
(cont.) This model, however, requires the relatively expensive solution of a second order elliptical differential equation over the space of the system. Here, a method is presented which reduces the scale at which the Poisson-Boltzmann equation must be solved. However, even when combined with an efficient multi-grid solver, the Poisson-Boltzmann model represents a significant computational cost. The modified Generalized Born model, GBr6, based on an approximation to the Poisson-Boltzmann model, offers a computationally efficient alternative. Generalized Born models, however, are often inaccurate in the case of charges positioned near an extended dielectric interface, which is precisely the system we wish to investigate. Here, an analytical integration of the approximate electric displacement is used to calculate Born radii, and tested in application to surface adsorption studies. Replica-exchange Monte Carlo simulations with modified Generalized Born implicit solvent environment is then used to study the adsorption mechanism of a set of rationally designed sapphire-binding peptides. Modulation of binding affinity is predicted to depend on multiple interactions between basic amino acids and the negatively charged sapphire surface. The proximity of charged residues to one another as well as the conformational ability of each peptide to present functional groups towards the surface are shown to control the relative binding affinities.
by Stephen Thomas Kottmann.
Ph.D.

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Johal, Malkiat Singh. "Sum-frequency spectroscopy of monomolecular films at the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627102.

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Lee, Dongil. "Structural studies of the solid-liquid interface using real-time diffraction." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621521.

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Arechabaleta, Rafael. "AFM and SPR studies of protein adsorption at solid/liquid interface." FIU Digital Commons, 1999. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1054.

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Membrane-like structure formed by surfactant molecules of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) on both HOPG and gold electrodes were studied with AFM and SPR techniques. The study shows that the thickness of the adsorbed layer of DDAB is strongly dependent on the concentration of the vesicle solution. We have also investigated the adsorption of redox protein, Cytochrome c, on graphite electrode with in situ tapping mode AFM. The protein adsorbs spontaneously onto the electrode covered with an adsorbed phosphate layer and forms a uniform monolayer. The adsorbed protein exhibits a reversible electron transfer at 0.17 V (Ag/AgCI) once the electrode potential has been increased to 0.75V. Using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy we have measured subtle conformational change in protein, Cyt c, due to electron transfer of a single electron on MPA-coated gold electrode. The electron transfer induced change in the resonant angle is about 0.006 deg., which corresponds to ~ 0.2 A decreases in the thickness. This is consistent with that reduced state is more compact than the oxidized state.

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Blom, Annabelle. "Structure and physical properties of surfactant and mixed surfactant films at the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/649.

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The adsorbed layer morphology of a series of surfactants under different conditions has been examined primarily using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The morphologies of single and double chained quaternary ammonium surfactants adsorbed to mica have been characterised using AFM at concentrations below the cmc. Mixing these different types of surfactants systematically allowed a detailed examination of the change in adsorbed film curvature from the least curved bilayers through to most curved globules. From this study a novel mesh structure was discovered at curvatures intermediate to bilayers and rods. A mesh was again observed in studies examining the morphology change of adsorbed nonionic surfactant films on silica with variation in temperature. Other surfactant mixtures were also examined including grafting non-adsorbing nonionic surfactants and diblock copolymers into quaternary ammonium surfactant films of different morphologies.

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Blom, Annabelle. "Structure and physical properties of surfactant and mixed surfactant films at the solid-liquid interface." University of Sydney. Chemistry, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/649.

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The adsorbed layer morphology of a series of surfactants under different conditions has been examined primarily using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The morphologies of single and double chained quaternary ammonium surfactants adsorbed to mica have been characterised using AFM at concentrations below the cmc. Mixing these different types of surfactants systematically allowed a detailed examination of the change in adsorbed film curvature from the least curved bilayers through to most curved globules. From this study a novel mesh structure was discovered at curvatures intermediate to bilayers and rods. A mesh was again observed in studies examining the morphology change of adsorbed nonionic surfactant films on silica with variation in temperature. Other surfactant mixtures were also examined including grafting non-adsorbing nonionic surfactants and diblock copolymers into quaternary ammonium surfactant films of different morphologies.

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Brown, Christopher A. "Aspects of the calcium carbonate-water interface." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d9222b6-2d2a-4f3d-a0f9-61f91433dd02.

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The channel flow method has established the net dissolution kinetics of calcite single crystals at high pH (7.7-9.7) and varying bulk Ca²⁺ concentrations (0-10 mM), using wide ranges of solution flow rates (10^-3-0.3 cm³ s^-1). Literature rate equations were in poor agreement with experiment. Modelling with the following mechanism, where Ca²⁺ and CO₃^2- undergo Langmuirian adsorption: Ca²⁺_(aq) ⇄ Ca²⁺_(ads) CO^2-3 (aq) ⇄ CO^2-_{3 (ads)} Ca(sup>2+(ads) + CO^2-_{3 (ads)} ⇄ CaCO_{3 (ads)} CaCo_{3 (ads)} → CaCo_{3 (lattice)} and the consequent rate law J_net/mol cm^{-2s^-1 = k_pK_CaK_CO₃ {K_sp - [Ca²⁺]_o[CO^2-₃]_o (1 + K_Ca[Ca²⁺]_o)(1 + K_{CO₃[CO^2-₃]_o) gave excellent agreement with experiment under all conditions studied. This mechanism is shown to explain all literature streaming potential, electrophoresis and kinetic salt effect data. Dissolution of calcite under the above conditions was strongly inhibited by Mg²⁺ and fully deprotonated forms of succinic acid, 2-sulphobutanedioic acid, phthalic acid and maleic acid. Mechanisms were established; for the maleate dianion, the inhibition was due to the blocking of the dissolution sites at which CaCO₃ units are incorporated into the crystal lattice. For the other ions, inhibition arose from competitive Langmuirian adsorption either between CO₃^{2-^{and the anions, or between Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. A new method to quantify the inhibited dissolution of particulate CaCO₃ (=10 μm) via enhanced mass transport of solution to the rotating disc electrode, due to the rotation of the particles in the diffusion layer, has been established. Good agreement was found with that measured independently using the channel flow cell. A.c. impedance spectroscopy has been used to characterise scaled (CaCO₃) steel tubes. Results provide scope for (i) monitoring scale growth, and (ii) use in safety control devices for alerting to the scaling of pipe-work.}}}}

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Di, Nardo Silvio. "Fluctuations during freezing and melting at the solid-liquid interface of xenon /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10764.

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Haschke, Heiko. "Force spectroscopy and microscopy of single molecules at the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288334.

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Prestidge, Clive A. "The chemisorption of cyclic and linear polymers at the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282888.

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Tsang, Man Hong. "The calculation of solid-liquid interface free energies from biased atomistic simulations." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/55870.

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The orientation dependence of the solid-liquid interface (SLI) free energy is an important parameter which determines orientation selection and the evolution of dendritic morphologies during the solidification of metallic melts. Atomistic simulations complemented with well-tempered metadynamics has been carried out to compute SLI free energies for the (100), (110) and (111) crystal interfaces of pure aluminium modelling using the empirical potential model of Mendelev and coworkers. The orientation dependence of the SLI free energy is known to be small, on the order of about 2%, and therefore great care was taken to quantify the accuracy of the metadynamics technique. It can be shown that significant reduction of the error can be achieved by averaging the free energy surfaces from many independent metadynamics runs. The supercell sizes considered in this work are sufficiently small to cause the observed melting temperature to deviate from the bulk melting temperature. Since the metadynamics method is susceptible to systematic errors caused by the latter temperature deviations, the interface-pinning method of locating melting points was used to locate the supercell-size dependent melting temperature and thereby eliminate this source of error. Sufficient accuracy has been achieved to resolve the finite-size contributions towards the estimated value of the SLI free energy caused by the finite dimensions of the supercells used; the values of SLI free energy obtained were found to depend strongly on both the supercell cross section and length. Attempts have been made to rationalise these finite-size effects based on the logarithmic scaling relations of Binder and Schmitz and coworkers. Estimates for the anisotropy ratio are obtained and compared with literature. Difficulties relating to the formation of twinned regions was encountered when applying the metadynamics technique to (111)-orientated supercells. The imposition of an appropriate restraining wall was found to inhibit the formation of these twins and thus allow the SLI free energy to be computed successfully. It is anticipated that the results of this study will provide an invaluable framework in any future attempt to estimate SLI free energies from small simulation cells which is a requirement perhaps necessitated by ab initio simulation.

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Redeker, Christian. "Lipopolysaccharides in solution and at the solid-liquid interface : structure and interactions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752719.

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Abbas, Zareen. "Leaching behavior of MSW combustion ashes and modeling of solid-liquid interface /." Göteborg : Göteborg university, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401112568.

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Wahlgren, Marie. "Adsorption of proteins and interactions with surfactants at the solid/liquid interface." [Lund : Dept. of Food Technology, Lund University], 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=zfxqAAAAMAAJ.

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Trenkmann, Ines, Jörg Schuster, Shubhra Gangopadhyay, and Christian von Borczyskowski. "Investigation of solid liquid interface in ultra-thin liquid films via single particle tracking of colloidal particles." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-191812.

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Trenkmann, Ines, Jörg Schuster, Shubhra Gangopadhyay, and Christian von Borczyskowski. "Investigation of solid liquid interface in ultra-thin liquid films via single particle tracking of colloidal particles." Diffusion fundamentals 11 (2009) 115, S. 1-2, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14089.

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Stålgren, Johan Jim Roger. "Adsorption of Surfactants at the Solid-Liquid Interface : A Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemistry, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3291.

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Strandh, Jenny. "A study of solid and liquid inclusion separation at the steel-slag interface." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-307.

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Frost, Daniel Wayne. "Study of adsorption of biological and nanoparticle solutions at the solid-liquid interface." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/411.

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Labuda, Aleksander. "Adventures in atomic force microscopy towards the study of the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110355.

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This thesis presents the design and development of an electrochemical atomic force microscope (AFM) equipped with photothermal excitation for actuation of the cantilever for the study of the solid-liquid interface. A rigorous analysis of noise in the optical beam deflection method is presented and leads to innovative techniques for the reduction of the detection noise to levels well below the thermal noise of the cantilever. An AFM stochastic simulation demonstrates that thermal noise fundamentally limits the measurement of hydration structures at the mica-water interface, whereas tip-sample vibrations may dominate the measurement of the last two hydration layers above the surface. Commonly overlooked problems associated with the traditionally used piezoacoustic excitation are described and quantified with respect to the frequency-modulation (FM) and amplitude-modulation (AM) methods of dynamic AFM operation. After a description of the statistical mechanics of the electric double layer (EDL) of aqueous solutions, a three-dimensional atomic-resolution FM-AFM force spectroscopy experiment of the water-mica interface is presented alongside a detailed analysis of the damping and force profiles used for the determination of the absolute tip-sample distance by comparison to simulations. Lastly, the statistical mechanics of modern ionic liquid EDL electrochemistry are vulgarized, followed by a thorough investigation of cyclic voltammetry of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate at the Au(111) interface with comparison to published electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. The electrochemical observations are complemented by force spectroscopy measurements performed using AM-AFM at different electrode electrochemical potentials across a 2 V window - no relationship between potential and EDL structure was observed.
Cette thèse présente la conception et le développement d'un microscope électrochimique à force atomique (AFM) équipé d'excitation photothermique pour l'actionnement du levier pour l'étude de l'interface solide-liquide. Une analyse rigoureuse de bruit dans la méthode de déviation du faisceau optique est présentée et conduit à des nouvelles techniques pour la réduction du bruit de détection à des niveaux en dessous du bruit thermique du levier. Une simulation stochastique d'AFM démontre que le bruit thermique limite fondamentalement la mesure des structures d'hydratation à l'interface mica/eau, tandis que les vibrations méchaniques peuvent dominer la mesure des deux dernières couches d'hydratation au dessus de la surface. Des problèmes couramment négligés associés à l'excitation piezoacoustique traditionnellement utilisée sont décrits et quantifiés par rapport à la modulation de fréquence (FM) et à la modulation d'amplitude (AM) des méthodes de l'AFM en mode dynamique. Après une description de la mécanique statistique de la double couche électrique (EDL) de solutions aqueuses, des measures de spectroscopie de force de l'interface mica-eau acquises en mode FM-AFM en trois dimensions sont présentées à côté d'une analyse détaillée des profils d'amortissement et de la force utilisée pour la détermination d'une distance absolue entre la pointe et l'échantillon par comparaison à des simulations. Enfin, la mécanique statistique de l'électrochimie ionique moderne est vulgarisée, suivie d'une enquête approfondie de la voltampérométrie cyclique du 1-butyl-3-méthylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate près de l'interface du Au(111) avec comparaison avec les résultats publiés de spectroscopie d'impédance électrochimique. Les observations électrochimiques sont complétées par des mesures de spectroscopie de force réalisée à l'aide d'AM-AFM à différents potentiels électrochimiques d'électrodes à travers une fenêtre de 2 V - aucune relation entre la structure et le potentiel EDL n'a été observée.

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Rhodes, Trevor Ian. "Neutron reflection used to investigate polymers and surfactants at the solid-liquid interface." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275249.

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Duclairoir, Florence. "Electrochemical control of supramolecular structures in solution and at the solid/liquid interface." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/313.

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Gorse, Joseph III. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE ON CHEMICALLY MODIFIED PARTICULATE SURFACES (CHROMATOGRAPHY, ISOTHERM)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188088.

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A method for representing solid-liquid sorption behavior of solutes by a two step equilibrium is shown to correlate well with observed sorption behavior. By fitting a three term expression to isotherm plots of solute surface concentration vs. the concentration in the bulk solvent the two distribution constants as well as the maximum sorption capacity are determined. Isotherms for hydrocarbon-modified silica are determined for various solvents and solutes. Interpretation of sorption behavior is presented in terms of values determined for sorption capacity and the distribution coefficients. The isotherm model parameters are shown to correlate to the chromatographic retention parameter, k'. Sorption capacity is proposed as a more meaningful representation of the chromatographic phase ratio. Reversed-phase chromatographic retention and efficiency are shown to be affected by ion modifiers as well as the temperature history of a system when a totally aqueous mobile phase is used. The dynamic nature of the octylsilane modified surface is discussed in terms of changes which are induced by cations exchanged on the silica surface and imbibed organic solvent in the bonded hydrocarbon chain previously used to condition the surface. Both polar and non-polar solutes are used and their retention behavior allows interpretation of changes in specific regions of the surface. The development of magnetic Field-Flow Fractionation (Magnetic FFF), a separation technique for small magnetic particles, is described as well as the parameters which affect such separations. The use of a FFF device to characterize small particle suspensions is demonstrated. The change in turbidimetric response of iron oxide particle suspensions in a spectrophotometric device under the influence of a magnetic field is interpreted in terms of the difference in particle shape.

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Clark, Spencer C. "ATR-FTIR Measurements of Cationic Surfactant Exchange Rates at the Solid-Liquid Interface." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34116.

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In many experiments, surfactant adsorption and desorption at solid-liquid interfaces is found to be quite slow, considering that surfactants are small molecules. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the adsorption, desorption, and exchange of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C₁₄TABr) at the silicon oxide surface. The exchange of surfactant was monitored using protonated and perdeuterated C₁₄TABr. The data show that exchange of C₁₄TABr between the surface and the bulk solution is very fast, complete exchange occurs in less than 10 seconds. A simple exchange model suggests that the disassociation rate constant of a single monomer is no less than 1 s^-1, which is ~ 10⁴ times slower than monomer exchange in bulk solutions. The actual exchange rate may be greater than observed in the present work due to transport phenomena. The rates of exchange are similar at concentrations above and below the critical micellar concentration. Adsorption is similarly rapid, but under some circumstances there is a small residue of surfactant that is slow to desorb. Desorption experiments utilizing KBr solutions of high and low ionic strength show that two thirds of each adsorbed micelle is held by hydrophobic association, and the other third is electrostatically bound. Adsorption, desorption, and exchange experiments at temperatures of 11°C above and 8°C below the Krafft temperature (14.4°C) show similar kinetics.
Master of Science

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Dhopatkar, Nishad. "UNDERSTANDING THE ADSORPTION AT SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron149944490923674.

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Kio, Michael Tamuno Elekima. "Molecular dynamics of Kapitza resistance at the solid-liquid interface of nanofluidic channels." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9283.

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This project sought to study the heat transfer and Kapitza resistance of fluids across interfaces, nanopores and nanochannels with varying sti.ness constants, mass and energy intermolecular in- teraction strength of wall and fluid particles. An Einstein-Maxwell molecular dynamics thermal wall model is developed. The developed modeling approach is shown to provide dual energy and momentum transport exchange across solid-liquid interfaces and nanofluidic channels. Cont/d.

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Panduwinata, Dwi. "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Investigation of Porphyrin Self-Assembled Monolayers at Solid/Liquid Interface." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10012.

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In this thesis the author presents Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) study on the self-assembly of tetra-alkyl porphyrin (TAP) series at solid/liquid interface of highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and 1-phenyloctane. This study determines whether altering the alkyl chain lengths and porphyrin concentrations in solution affects the molecular conformation of the SAMs. It also investigates whether the presence of axial chloride ligand on cobalt porphyrin metal centre can be detected using the STM technique. Porphyrins with long-alkyl chain lengths (i.e. C19-TAP, C17-TAP, and C15-TAP) form only one type of polymorph on HOPG. Shorter chain length porphyrins (C13-TAP and Co(II)C13-TAP) form two different polymorphs with the low- and high-density structural conformation on HOPG. At low concentrations (≤ 10-6 M) they form only the low-density polymorph. Only high-density polymorph is observed at high concentrations (≥ 10-3 M). The structural transformation between these polymorphs could be explained based on the different orientations of alkyl- chains that conserve the b lattice vector in both polymorphs. The preliminary study shows that porphyrin species with axial chloride ligand appears at lower apparent heights on STM measurements. This could be attributed to the electronic effect associated with the different cobalt oxidation states which is stabilised by the presence of chloride ligand. The study presented in this thesis demonstrates that structural modifications and concentration provide powerful approaches to tailor porphyrin monolayer with specific conformation on the surface. This study is crucial in the effort to fully realise the potentials of molecular self-assembly for tailoring porphyrin monolayers with specific functions and properties.

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Clements, Patricia J. "Critical point behaviour in binary and ternary liquid mixtures with particular reference to rheological and interfacial properties in model mixtures for microemulsions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10187/.

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The phase behaviour, rheological effects and interfacial properties of binary and ternary liquid mixtures have been studied near critical points. In particular, measurements have been made of the viscosity-at the bulk macroscopic level by capillary viscometry and at the microscopic level by fluorescence depolarisatiorr-and of critical-point wetting and adsorptiorr-at the solid-liquid interface using evanescent-wave-generated fluorescence spectroscopy and at the liquid-vapour interface using specular neutron reflection. The systems investigated have been mostly alkane + perfluoroalkane mixtures or 2-butoxyethanol + H20 or D20 mixtures, although in some cases hexamethyldisiloxane, propanenitrile and perfluorooctyloctane have also been the components of mixtures. The main outcomes of this study are: • Macroscopic viscosity: The divergence to infinity in the shear viscosity of hexane + perfluorohexane at the critical endpoint for approach along the path of constant critical composition both from the single phase and along both limbs of the coexistence curve is described well using the Renormalisation Group Theory critical exponent y = 0.04. The correlation length amplitude obtained by fitting the sheargradient dependence of the viscosity is ~o = (S.S±l.S) A. • Microscopic viscosity: The product of the rotational correlation time and the temperature 'tR"T, often taken as a measure of the microscopic viscosity, exhibits an anomaly as the critical point is approached as a function of temperature. This anomaly mirrors that in the macroscopic viscosity for some fluorescent dye probes, but for others the anomaly is in the opposite sense indicating that other effects such as solvent structure must playa part in the near-critical behaviour of'tR·T. • Critical-point wetting at the solid-liquid interface: The wetting transition temperature has been identified for heptane + perfluorohexane at the quartz-liquid interface from fluorescence lifetime measurements of a probe. The wetting layer is of the same composition as the bulk heptane-rich phase and the transition is tentatively identified as first-order. • Adsorption and wetting at the liquid-vapour interface: The surface structure of several mixtures has been determined by neutron reflection. The results are in general agreement with the expectations of critical-point wetting and adsorption. The surface is complex and in some mixtures an oscillatory scattering length density profile through the interface is required to model the reflectivity data. • Ternary mixtures: The phase behaviour of three mixtures exhibiting tunnel phase behaviour has been studied experimentally and various characteristics of the shape of the twmel identified. A theoretical study on one of the mixtures predicts the drop in temperature for the locus of maximum phase separation temperatures which is observed experimentally.

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Sood, Nitin. "The Study of Sonar for Imaging of the Solid-Liquid Interface Inside Large Tanks." FIU Digital Commons, 2005. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/30.

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Retrieval, treatment, and disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) is expected to cost between 100 and 300 billion dollars. The risk to workers, public health, and the environment are also a major area of concern for HLW. Visualization of the interface between settled solids and the optically opaque liquid is needed for retrieval of the waste from underground storage tanks. A Profiling sonar selected for this research generates 2-D image of the interface. Multiple experiments were performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of sonar in real-time monitoring the interface inside HLW tanks. First set of experiments demonstrated that objects shapes could be identified even when 30% of solids entrained in liquid, thereby mapping the interface. Simulation of sonar system validated these results. Second set of experiments confirmed the sonar’s ability in detecting the solids with density similar to the immersed liquid. Third set of experiments determined the affects of near by objects on image resolution. Final set of experiments proved the functional and chemical capabilities of sonar in caustic solution.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solid-liquid interface'

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