Journal articles on the topic 'Solid contact'

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1

Rachid, Chadouli, and Makhlouf Mohammed. "Modeling of the thermal contact resistance of a solid-solid contact." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11, no. 5 (2014): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-11527282.

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2

McGraw, Joshua D., Antoine Niguès, Alexis Chennevière, and Alessandro Siria. "Contact Dependence and Velocity Crossover in Friction between Microscopic Solid/Solid Contacts." Nano Letters 17, no. 10 (September 25, 2017): 6335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03076.

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3

Willatzen, Morten, and Zhong Lin Wang. "Contact Electrification by Quantum-Mechanical Tunneling." Research 2019 (August 4, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2019/6528689.

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A simple model of charge transfer by loss-less quantum-mechanical tunneling between two solids is proposed. The model is applicable to electron transport and contact electrification between e.g. a metal and a dielectric solid. Based on a one-dimensional effective-mass Hamiltonian, the tunneling transmission coefficient of electrons through a barrier from one solid to another solid is calculated analytically. The transport rate (current) of electrons is found using the Tsu-Esaki equation and accounting for different Fermi functions of the two solids. We show that the tunneling dynamics is very sensitive to the vacuum potential versus the two solids conduction-band edges and the thickness of the vacuum gap. The relevant time constants for tunneling and contact electrification, relevant for triboelectricity, can vary over several orders of magnitude when the vacuum gap changes by one order of magnitude, say, 1 Å to 10 Å. Coulomb repulsion between electrons on the left and right material surfaces is accounted for in the tunneling dynamics.
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4

Mesnyankin, Sergei Yu, Aleksei G. Vikulov, and Dmitrii G. Vikulov. "Solid-solid thermal contact problems: current understanding." Physics-Uspekhi 52, no. 9 (September 30, 2009): 891–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufne.0179.200909c.0945.

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5

Mesnyankin, S. Yu, A. G. Vikulov, and D. G. Vikulov. "Solid-solid thermal contact problems: current understanding." Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 179, no. 9 (2009): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0179.200909c.0945.

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6

Phutke, Minakshee, Jenil Dedhia, and A. K. Suresh. "Modelling solid-solid reactions: Contact-point approach." Chemical Engineering Journal 377 (December 2019): 120570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.030.

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7

Sun, Linlin, Ziming Wang, Chengyu Li, Wei Tang, and Zhonglin Wang. "Probing Contact Electrification between Gas and Solid Surface." Nanoenergy Advances 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv3010001.

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Contact electrification exists everywhere and between every phase of matter. However, its mechanism still remains to be studied. The recent triboelectric nanogenerator serves as a probe and provides some new clues about the mechanism present in solid–solid, solid–liquid, and liquid–liquid contact electrification. The gas–solid model still remains to be exploited. Here, we investigated the contact electrification between gases and solids based on the single-electrode triboelectric nanogenerator. Our work shows that the amount of transferred charges between gas and solid particles increases with surface area, movement distance, and initial charges of particle increase. Furthermore, we find that the initial charges on the particle surface can attract more polar molecules and enhance gas collisions. Since ions in gas–solid contact are rare, we speculate that gas–solid contact electrification is mainly based on electron transfer. Further, we propose a theoretical model of gas–solid contact electrification involving the gas collision model and initial charges of the particle. Our study may have great significance to the gas–solid interface chemistry.
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8

Wang, Zong Ren, Jun Yang, Yu Chen, and Wei Fang Zhang. "Experimental Study of Thermal Contact Conductance Across Solid/Solid Interface." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1082.

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This article describes an experimental setup to measure the TCC between interfaces of two contact solid materials. This apparatus consists of loading and load bearing subsystem, water-cooling subsystem, heating subsystem, temperature measurement and control subsystem and thermal insulation subsystem. A cooling water tank is used to increase the heat flux in axial direction. An experimental investigation of TCC is conducted with pressed pairs of TC4/30CrMnSi contacts in the range 40~140MPa. The results show that TCC over this condition increases with load, and is greater in the process of unloading than that of loading under the same condition.
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9

Chang, K. H., and L. C. Witte. "Liquid-Solid Contact During Flow Film Boiling of Subcooled Freon-11." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 2 (May 1, 1990): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910401.

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Liquid-solid contacts were measured for flow film boiling of subcooled Freon-11 over an electrically heated cylinder equipped with a surface microthermocouple probe. No systematic variation of the extent of liquid-solid contact with wall superheat, liquid subcooling, or velocity was detected. Only random small-scale contacts that contribute negligibly to overall heat transfer were detected when the surface was above the homogeneous nucleation temperature of the Freon-11. When large-scale contacts were detected, they led to an unexpected intermediate transition from local film boiling to local transition boiling. An explanation is proposed for these unexpected transitions. A comparison of analytical results that used experimentally determined liquid-solid contact parameters to experimental heat fluxes did not show good agreement. It was concluded that the available model for heat transfer accounting for liquid-solid contact is not adequate for flow film boiling.
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10

Thierry-Jebali, Nicolas, Olivier Ménard, Arnaud Yvon, Emmanuel Collard, Miao Zhe, Olivier Dezellus, Christian Brylinski, and Jean Claude Viala. "Al-Si-Ti Ohmic Contacts on N-Type Gallium Nitride." Materials Science Forum 679-680 (March 2011): 812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.679-680.812.

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Ohmic contacts represent a major technological brick for the development of high power devices on Gallium Nitride. Al(200 nm) Ti(70 nm) metallization on n+-GaN, annealed at 650 °C, provides a “Specific Contact Resistivity” (SCR) in the range mid 10-5 Ω.cm², which is low enough for the main switching power applications. However, the Al-Ti metallic compound phases formed during the annealing step result from solid-solid reactions, which may lead to high stress and / or poor cohesion, possibly deleterious to contact reliability. In this work, we have investigated several configurations of Ti-Al-Si based contacts, aiming at favoring liquid-solid reactions and / or Si element diffusion, in order to get better SCR and / or morphology and cohesion of the metallic phase. Surprisingly, only contacts annealed at low temperature (450 °C) provide low contact SCR, comparable to that of Ti-Al only contact, but systematically higher.
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11

Levin, David I. W., Joshua Litven, Garrett L. Jones, Shinjiro Sueda, and Dinesh K. Pai. "Eulerian solid simulation with contact." ACM Transactions on Graphics 30, no. 4 (July 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2010324.1964931.

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12

Li, Fan, Jingzhe Pan, and Csaba Sinka. "Contact laws between solid particles." Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 57, no. 8 (August 2009): 1194–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2009.04.012.

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13

Liu, Sheng Wang, Wei Fang Zhang, and Qing Yun Tang. "An Experimental Setup to Test Thermal Contact Conductance Across Solid/Solid Interface." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1293.

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This article describes an experimental setup to measure the TCC between interfaces of two contact solid materials. This apparatus consists of loading and load bearing subsystem, water-cooling subsystem, heating subsystem, temperature measurement and control subsystem and thermal insulation subsystem. A new kind of design scheme of the compensation heater is put forward. An experimental investigation of TCC is conducted with pressed pairs of TC4/30CrMnSi contacts in the range 40~140MPa. The results show that TCC over this condition increases with load, and is greater in the process of unloading than that of loading under the same condition.
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14

Buse, Henrik, Fabian Schueler, and Erika Hodúlová. "Planar Contact Fretting Test Method Applied to Solid Lubricants." Lubricants 9, no. 6 (May 21, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants9060058.

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A new method of material and lubricant testing is demonstrated with a planar contact fretting wear tribometer under typical fretting wear conditions. The usual abstraction of contact geometries with an easy-to-align point or line contacts is deliberately dispensed to do justice to the frequently flat contacts of machine elements (shaft-hub connection, bearing seats, etc.). For the study, a new method of targeted observation of the contact surfaces during the test is used, which allows a time-lapse animation of the fretting wear progress of solid lubricant mixtures. Thus, the formation of possible transfer film build-up and the type of wear mechanism occurring can be visualized. This technique represents, in conjunction with additional analytical methods such as microscopy and SEM/EDX, a powerful tool to provide a better insight into the mechanisms of solid lubricant action under fretting conditions. To demonstrate the potential of this approach, a time to damage study is performed on commercial and self-prepared pastes from solid lubricants and white oil, where calcium hydroxide is a commonly employed solid lubricant for the avoidance of fretting wear is compared to other materials.
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15

Biwa, S., S. Nakajima, and N. Ohno. "On the Acoustic Nonlinearity of Solid-Solid Contact With Pressure-Dependent Interface Stiffness." Journal of Applied Mechanics 71, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1767169.

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Nonlinear interaction between elastic wave and contact interface, known to result in the so-called contact acoustic nonlinearity, is examined in a one-dimensional theoretical framework. The present analysis is based on a nonlinear interface stiffness model where the stiffness property of the contact interface is described as a function of the nominal contact pressure. The transmission/reflection coefficients for a normally incident harmonic wave, and the amplitudes of second harmonics as well as DC components arising at the contact interface are derived in terms of the interface stiffness properties and other relevant acoustic parameters. Implications of power-law relations between the linear interface stiffness and the contact pressure are examined in detail regarding the linear and nonlinear acoustic responses of the contact interface. Also, a plausible range of the relevant power-law exponent is provided from considerations based on the rough-surface contact mechanics. The analysis clarifies the qualitative contact-pressure dependence of various nonlinearity parameters based on different definitions. A particular power law is identified from existing experimental data for aluminum-aluminum contact, for which some explicit nonlinear characteristics are demonstrated. The theoretical contact-pressure dependence of the second harmonic generation at the contact interface is found to be in qualitative agreement with previous measurements.
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16

Chen, Jianjun, De Zhang, Yiwei Mao, and Jianchun Cheng. "Contact acoustic nonlinearity in a bonded solid–solid interface." Ultrasonics 44 (December 2006): e1355-e1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2006.05.051.

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17

Collet, P., J. De Coninck, and F. Dunlop. "Contact angle hysteresis in a solid-on-solid model." Journal of Statistical Physics 75, no. 1-2 (April 1994): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02186279.

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18

TAMAI, Terutaka, Shigeru SAWADA, and Yasuhiro HATTORI. "Contact Mechanisms and Contact Resistance Characteristics of Solid Tin and Plated Tin Contacts Used for Connectors." IEICE Transactions on Electronics E93-C, no. 5 (2010): 670–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transele.e93.c.670.

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19

Cheriet, Rahmouna, Bourassia Bensaad, Fatiha Bouhadjela, Soufyane Belhenini, and Mohammed Belharizi. "Contribution to the Study of Solid-Solid Thermal Contact Resistances--A Comparative Study." Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux 45, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/acsm.450401.

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This study presents a mixed numerical / semi-empirical approach that primarily aimed to estimate the thermal contact resistance between two solids. The results obtained by this mixed method were compared and validated by experimental measurements of this resistance. Three semi-empirical models were used, namely the Mikic model, the Yovanovich model and the Antonetti model. The three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation was used to estimate the contact pressure between the two solids. Then this contact pressure obtained numerically was compared to the hardness of the solids in contact. The findings indicated that the numerically obtained contact pressures were close to hardness. Therefore, the hardness, which is usually used as an input variable in semi-empirical models, was replaced by the contact pressure. The thermal contact resistance obtained by this mixed method was then compared with the experimental one. The outcomes obtained from this comparison turned out to be very conclusive and can therefore be used to reinforce our approach which can actually be viewed as a reliable and low-cost method for estimating the thermal contact resistance between solids in contact.
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20

Sun, Yunyun, Huifang Xiao, Jinwu Xu, and Wennian Yu. "Study on the normal contact stiffness of the fractal rough surface in mixed lubrication." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 12 (February 23, 2018): 1604–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650118758741.

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In this paper, an elastic interface model is developed to theoretically analyze the contact stiffness of a mixed lubrication surface where the solid and the lubricant contacts have to-be-determined contributions to the whole contact stiffness. The interfacial contact stiffness is composed of the solid contact stiffness and the lubricant contact stiffness, in which the two components are associated with each other via the equivalent thickness of lubricant. Based on the combination of two widely acknowledged ultrasonic measurement models and the Taylor approximating equation, the derivation of the lubricant contact stiffness is mostly affected by the material properties and the equivalent thickness of lubricant, and the equivalent thickness is determined by the solid contact properties under the mixed lubrication condition. Results of the mathematical analysis show that the contact stiffness of the mixed lubrication surface is larger than that of the dry rough surface due to the presence of lubricant. The interfacial contact stiffness of the mixed lubrication is obviously affected by the surface topography and the lubricant property. The proportions of contact stiffness contributed from the solid part and the lubricant part are varying with the contact area and the surface topography. Model predictions are compared with experiment results to verify the accuracy of proposed model. The analysis of the interfacial contact stiffness involved in mixed lubrication provides a theoretical basis for the performance prediction of machine tools, and might be useful to elucidate the contact properties by ultrasonic pulse probing in real engineering applications.
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21

Oh, Kong Ping. "The Formulation of the Mixed Lubrication Problem as a Generalized Nonlinear Complementarity Problem." Journal of Tribology 108, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261274.

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The mixed-lubrication problem is formulated as a nonlinear generalized complementarity problem in which the pressure acting on the load-bearing surface is taken as the unknown, and the lubricant flow and the gap between the surfaces are taken as its complements. An iterative method was developed to find the solution, which satisfies the complementarity condition that at each point on the load-bearing surface, the pressure or at least one of its complements, is zero at all times. Moreover, the pressure and its complements satisfy non-negativity constraints. The solution intrinsically decomposes the load-bearing surface into three distinct subregions: solid-to-solid contact, hydrodynamically lubricated contact, and no contact (or cavitation). It is shown that the mixed-lubrication formulation degenerates into the special cases of hydrodynamic or solid-to-solid contacts under appropriate load and speed conditions. A journal bearing with elastic support is analyzed to illustrate the method of solution. The transition of the lubrication mode from pure hydrodynamic contact to mixed contact is demonstrated.
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22

Radić, Josip, Marija Bralić, Mitja Kolar, Boštjan Genorio, Ante Prkić, and Ivana Mitar. "Development of the New Fluoride Ion-Selective Electrode Modified with FexOy Nanoparticles." Molecules 25, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 5213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215213.

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A new modified ion-selective electrode with membranes of LaF3 single crystals with different internal contacts (solid steel or electrolyte) and with FexOy nanoparticles as loading was developed. The best response characteristic with linear potential change was found in the fluoride concentration range from 10−1 to 3.98 × 10−7 M. The detection limit for the electrolyte contact was determined at 7.41 × 10−8 M with a regression coefficient of 0.9932, while the regression coefficient for the solid contact was 0.9969. The potential change per concentration decade ranged from 50.3 to 62.4 mV, depending on whether the contact was solid or electrolytic. The prepared modified electrode has a long lifetime, as well as the possibility of application in different positions (solid contact), and it can also be used for the determination of iron ions. The electrode characterization was performed with scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis with the technique of electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
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23

Zdrachek, Elena, Tara Forrest, and Eric Bakker. "Solid-Contact Potentiometric Cell with Symmetry." Analytical Chemistry 94, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04722.

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24

Makar-Limanov, Sergei. "Tight contact structures on solid tori." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 350, no. 3 (1998): 1013–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-98-01822-4.

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25

Pomeau, Y. "Contact line moving on a solid." European Physical Journal Special Topics 197, no. 1 (August 2011): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2011-01432-1.

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26

Yue, Z. Q., and A. P. S. Selvadurai. "Contact Problem for Saturated Poroelastic Solid." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 121, no. 4 (April 1995): 502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1995)121:4(502).

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27

Erriah, Bryan, Xiaolong Zhu, Chunhua T. Hu, Bart E. Kahr, Alexander Shtukenberg, and Michael D. Ward. "Crystallography of Contemporary Contact Insecticides." Insects 13, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13030292.

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The active forms of contact insecticides used for combatting mosquito-borne infectious diseases are typically crystalline solids. Numerous molecular crystals are polymorphic, crystallizing in several solid forms characterized by different physicochemical properties, including bioavailability. Our laboratory recently found that the activity of crystalline contact insecticides is inversely dependent on the thermodynamic stability of their polymorphs, suggesting that efficacy can be enhanced by the manipulation of the solid-state structure. This paper argues that crystallography should be central to the development of contact insecticides, particularly because their efficacy continues to be compromised by insecticide resistance, especially among Anopheles mosquito populations that spread malaria. Although insecticidal compounds with new modes of action have been introduced to overcome resistance, new insecticides are expensive to develop and implement. The repurposing of existing chemical agents in metastable, more active crystalline forms provides an inexpensive and efficient method for ‘evergreening’ compounds whose risks are already well-established. We report herein seven new single-crystal structures of insecticides used for controlling infectious disease vectors. The structures reported herein include pyrethroid insecticides recommended by the WHO for indoor residual spraying (IRS)-bifenthrin, β-cyfluthrin, etofenprox, α-cypermethrin, and λ-cyhalothrin as well as the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid.
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28

Yang, Jiajin, Qiaomei Ren, Dong Zhao, Zhipeng Gao, Xiaona Li, Rui He, and Weiyi Chen. "Corneal Adhesion Possesses the Characteristics of Solid and Membrane." Bioengineering 9, no. 8 (August 16, 2022): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9080394.

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Adhesion behavior usually occurs in corneas associated with clinical treatments. Physiologically, an intact natural cornea is inflated by intraocular pressure. Due to the inflation, the physiological cornea has a mechanical property likeness to membrane. This characteristic is ignored by the classical theory used to analyze the adhesion behavior of soft solids, such as the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) model. Performing the pull-off test, this work evidenced that the classical JKR solution was suitable for computing the corneal adhesion force corresponding to the submillimeter scale of contact. However, when the cornea was contacted at a millimeter scale, the JKR solutions were clearly smaller than the related experimental data. The reason was correlated with the membranous characteristic of the natural cornea was not considered in the JKR solid model. In this work, the modified JKR model was superimposed by the contribution from the surface tension related to the corneal inflation due to the intraocular pressure. It should be treated as a solid when the cornea is contacted at a submillimeter scale, whereas for the contact at a larger size, the characteristic of the membrane should be considered in analyzing the corneal adhesion. The modified JKR model successfully described the adhesion characteristics of the cornea from solid to membrane.
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29

Katoh, Kenji, Hideomi Fujita, Hideharu Sasaki, and Koichi Miyashita. "The Measurement of Solid-Liquid Contact Angles." Journal of Fluids Engineering 114, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910054.

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A new method is proposed for measuring solid-liquid contact angles. The well-known phenomenon where the liquid meniscus formed under a downward facing solid surface spontaneously breaks at a certain height is utilized in the contact angle measurements. The relation between the contact angle and the critical height of the solid surface where the instability occurs was derived theoretically from the solid-liquid wetting behavior using a thermodynamic approach. From the theoretical model the contact angles can be obtained by measuring the critical height of the solid. The validity of the analysis and the usefulness of the method were experimentally confirmed for various solid surfaces and test liquids.
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30

Fujisawa, N., and M. V. Swain. "Mechanical properties characterization of a viscoelastic solid using low-frequency large-amplitude oscillatory indentations with a sharp tip." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 6 (June 2008): 1557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0211.

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A viscoelastic solid was contacted by a pointed indenter using low-frequency large-amplitude sinusoidal load functions to determine its contact stiffness in a manner similar to that of the continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) technique but in a quasi-static condition. The contact stiffness of a viscoelastic solid determined by the CSM technique, or the dynamic stiffness, is known, from previous CSM-based studies, to overestimate the quasi-static contact stiffness. The contact stiffness of a viscoelastic solid determined in a quasi-static manner is thus hypothesized to help predict the contact depth more accurately. A new analysis procedure based on truncated Fourier series fitting was developed specifically to process the large amplitude sinusoidal indentation data. The elastic modulus of the material characterized in this work was in agreement with that determined by dynamic mechanical analysis, thereby providing evidence for the validity of the present method in characterizing other viscoelastic materials.
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31

Golovko, Roman. "The cylindrical contact homology of universally tight sutured contact solid tori." Pacific Journal of Mathematics 274, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/pjm.2015.274.73.

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32

Gao, Yan-Fei, and A. F. Bower. "Elastic–plastic contact of a rough surface with Weierstrass profile." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, no. 2065 (November 28, 2005): 319–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2005.1563.

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We analyse contact between a rigid cylindrical indenter and an elastic–perfectly plastic solid with a fractal surface roughness, which is idealized as a Weierstrass profile. A hierarchical scheme is used to calculate quantities such as the number of contact spots; their size; the true contact pressure acting on the contact spots, and the total true area of contact. In addition, we calculate critical conditions that will initiate plastic flow in the asperities, and determine the extent of this plastic flow as a function of the applied loading, the material properties of the deforming solid, and the surface roughness. An important conclusion of our study is that a perfectly fractal description of surface roughness appears to lead to unphysical predictions of the true contact size and number of contact spots, for both elastic and elastic–plastic solids. Possible approaches to resolving these difficulties are discussed.
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33

Song, Yuyang, Benxue Liu, Qinghui Wang, and Peng Yuan. "GW46 High Voltage Isolation Switch Solid-Heat Coupling Simulation Analysis and Experimental Study." E3S Web of Conferences 179 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017901004.

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Taking the high⁃voltage disconnector of the GW46 type as research object, this research first use Solidworks to build its three-dimensional simplified model, then use ABAQUS to simulate the mechanical characteristics of the disconnector over a wide temperature range, analyzing the influence of the clamping force between the dynamic and static contacts on temperature, the contact pressure between the dynamic and static contacts of the high⁃voltage disconnector of the GW46 type increases with the ambient temperature, and the contact pressure becomes smaller. Compared simulation results with experimental data, the error is less than 5%. Analysis shows that using the ABAQUS to simulation analysis of temperature rise of the high⁃voltage disconnector of the GW46 type, it can be determined that the contact pressure between the dynamic and static contacts changes with temperature. It avoids the complexity of the traditional theoretical calculation of query parameters and tedious calculations, and provides strong reference evidence for improving the reliability of the high⁃voltage disconnector of the GW46 type.
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34

Zhao, Jiaxin, and Farshid Sadeghi. "The Effects of a Stationary Surface Pocket on EHL Line Contact Start-Up." Journal of Tribology 126, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1759342.

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In this paper, the start-up process of line contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication with a stationary central surface pocket is studied. The solution of the pressure profile and film thickness distribution in the contact area is achieved by using a mixed lubricated-solid contact model. The mass balance of pocket lubricant flow is enforced by using a simple algorithm which adjusts the pocket cavitation boundary. With the surface pocket in the center of contact, the Hertzian contact area is divided into two micro-EHL contacts: the inlet micro-EHL contact and the outlet micro-EHL contact. The amount of lubricant trapped inside the pocket determines the overall start-up behavior. If the lubricant trapped is less than a critical amount, the two micro-EHL contact would be in start-up condition in serial: the lubricant film builds up in the inlet micro-EHL contact area first and then the lubricant film builds up in the outlet micro-EHL contact after the inlet lubricant flow fills the pocket. The start-up time in this case is longer than the start-up time for smooth surface start-up. If the lubricant trapped is more than the critical amount, the two micro-EHL contact would be in start-up condition in parallel: a lubricant film builds up in the inlet micro-EHL contact and at the same time a lubricant film builds up in the outlet micro-EHL contact. The start-up time in this case is much smaller than that of the smooth surface start-up. Compared with the smooth surface start-up condition, because the solid contact vanishes faster, there would be less frictional heat generated in the contact area and thus the surface temperature rise during the start-up process would be much smaller. These effects could prove beneficial in applications with frequent start and stop or oscillating running conditions, in which direct solid to solid contact occurs at the start (restart) of motion.
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35

Kim, Shae K. "Process Development of Low-Cost AgNi and AgFe Contact Materials with no Range of Solid Solubility." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 873–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.873.

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AgNi and AgFe are known as contact materials with high workability and low contact resistance for medium to weak current contacts. However, AgNi and AgFe contact materials are difficult to manufacture using conventional melting and casting procedure because they exhibit no range of solid solubility of Ni and Fe in Ag for all temperature range. The purpose of this research is to develop a process for low-cost AgNi and AgFe contact materials based on solidification process control. AgNi and AgFe contact materials were produced by rotation cylinder method (RCM). The hardness value of AgNi and AgFe contact materials by RCM were higher than that of AgNi and AgFe contact materials produced by conventional powder metallurgy and co-precipitation processes. The higher hardness values of contact materials produced by RCM may be attributed to the uniform distribution and small size of Ni and Fe particles in Ag matrix.
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Hulanicki, Adam, and Agata Michalska. "All-solid-state chloride-selective electrode with poly(pyrrole) solid contact." Electroanalysis 7, no. 7 (July 1995): 692–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070718.

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37

Scholz, Fritz, Heike Kahlert, Ulrich Hasse, Anja Albrecht, Alain C. Tagne Kuate, and Klaus Jurkschat. "A solid-state redox buffer as interface of solid-contact ISEs." Electrochemistry Communications 12, no. 7 (July 2010): 955–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2010.04.031.

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Hu, Xiaotao, Jia Sun, Chuan Qian, Fangmei Liu, Junliang Yang, Guang-hua Guo, and Yongli Gao. "Low contact resistance in solid electrolyte-gated ZnO field-effect transistors with ferromagnetic contacts." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4, no. 1 (2016): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc02873f.

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Chen, Zhixiang, Yi Lu, Rogerio Manica, and Qingxia Liu. "Curvature effects on liquid–solid contact electrification." Nano Energy 89 (November 2021): 106456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106456.

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40

KIMURA, Tatsuto, and Shigeo MARUYAMA. "Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Solid-Liquid Contact." Proceedings of thermal engineering conference 2002 (2002): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeptec.2002.0_399.

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Dhuga, D. S., and R. H. S. Winterton. "Measurement of liquid-solid contact in boiling." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 19, no. 1 (January 1986): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/19/1/014.

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42

James, T. E., and D. C. James. "Optimum contact region geometry of solid armatures." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 33, no. 1 (1997): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/20.559908.

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43

Wahid, S. M. S., C. V. Madhusudana, and E. Leonardi. "Solid spot conductance at low contact pressure." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 28, no. 6 (June 2004): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2003.07.007.

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Kolawa, E., W. Flick, C. W. Nieh, J. M. Molarius, M. A. Nicolet, J. L. Tandon, J. H. Madok, and F. C. T. So. "Stable solid-phase contact to n-GaAs." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 36, no. 6 (June 1989): 1223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.24375.

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Wang, X. D., X. F. Peng, J. F. Lu, T. Liu, and B. X. Wang. "Contact angle hysteresis on rough solid surfaces." Heat Transfer?Asian Research 33, no. 4 (2004): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/htj.20013.

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Sundfors, Fredrik, Róbert Bereczki, Johan Bobacka, Klára Tóth, Ari Ivaska, and Róbert E Gyurcsányi. "Microcavity Based Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Microelectrodes." Electroanalysis 18, no. 13-14 (July 2006): 1372–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.200603541.

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Bahramian, Alireza, and Ali Danesh. "Prediction of solid–water–hydrocarbon contact angle." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 311, no. 2 (July 2007): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2007.03.019.

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48

Liu, Yixiong, and R. M. German. "Contact angle and solid-liquid-vapor equilibrium." Acta Materialia 44, no. 4 (April 1996): 1657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-6454(95)00259-6.

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49

Guzinski, Marcin, Jennifer M. Jarvis, Paul D’Orazio, Anahita Izadyar, Bradford D. Pendley, and Ernő Lindner. "Solid-Contact pH Sensor without CO2Interference with a Superhydrophobic PEDOT-C14as Solid Contact: The Ultimate “Water Layer” Test." Analytical Chemistry 89, no. 16 (July 24, 2017): 8468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02009.

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50

Kim, Tae Wan, Sang Don Lee, and Yong Joo Cho. "Contact Fatigue Life Prediction under EHL Contact." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.22.

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Abstract:
In this study, the simulation of contact fatigue based on stress analysis is conducted under Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) state. To predict a crack initiation life accurately, it is necessary to calculate contact stress and subsurface stresses accurately. Contact stresses are obtained by contact analysis of a semi-infinite solid based on the use of influence functions and the subsurface stress is obtained using rectangular patch solutions. The numerical algorithm using newton-rapson method was constructed to calculate the EHL pressure. Based on these stress values, three multiaxial high-cycle fatigue criteria are used. As a result, the effects of EHL on contact fatigue life are calculated.
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