Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solid Catalysts

Academic literature on the topic 'Solid Catalysts'

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Published: 6 September 2023
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Solid Catalysts"

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Newman, R. A., J. A. Blazy, T. G. Fawcett, L. F. Whiting, and R. A. Stowe. "Use of the Dow-Developed DSC/XRD/MS in the Study of Several Model Copper-Based Catalyst Systems." Advances in X-ray Analysis 30 (1986): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800021650.

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Due to the difficulty of analyzing materials at high temperatures and in reactive atmospheres, solid-state catalysts have often been developed with little knowledge of the true chemical behavior of the catalyst, except on a bulk scale. In the field of solid-state catalysis research, a great deal of time and effort is presently being spent to better characterize the chemical and physical properties which determine a particular catalyst‘s efficiency, lifetime, and selectivity. Recently, we have undertaken a study of model copper catalysts at The Dow Chemical Company in an effort to better understand the chemical and physical properties which determine the efficiency, regenerability, and lifetime of this type of solid state catalyst.
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Chen, Huihui, Zhenhua Dong, and Jun Yue. "Advances in Microfluidic Synthesis of Solid Catalysts." Powders 1, no. 3 (August 4, 2022): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/powders1030011.

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Heterogeneous catalysis plays a central role in the chemical and energy fields, owing to the high and tunable activities of solid catalysts that are essential to achieve the favorable reaction process efficiency, and their ease of recycle and reuse. Numerous research efforts have been focused on the synthesis of solid catalysts towards obtaining the desired structure, property and catalytic performance. The emergence and development of microfluidic reactor technology provide a new and attractive platform for the controllable synthesis of solid catalysts, primarily because of its superior mixing performance and high heat/mass transfer efficiency. In this review, the recent research progress on the synthesis of solid catalysts based on microfluidic reactor technology is summarized. The first section deals with the synthesis strategies for solid catalysts, including conventional methods in batch reactors and microfluidic alternatives (based on single- and two-phase flow processing). Then, different kinds of solid catalysts synthesized in microflow are discussed, especially with regard to the catalyst type, synthetic process, structure and property, and catalytic performance. Finally, challenges in the microreactor operation and scale-up, as well as future perspectives in terms of the synthesis of more types of catalysts, catalyst performance improvement, and the combination of catalyst synthesis process and catalytic reaction in microreactors, are provided.
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Gates, Bruce C. "Concluding remarks: progress toward the design of solid catalysts." Faraday Discussions 188 (2016): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00134c.

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The 2016 Faraday Discussion on the topic “Designing New Heterogeneous Catalysts” brought together a group of scientists and engineers to address forefront topics in catalysis and the challenge of catalyst design—which is daunting because of the intrinsic non-uniformity of the surfaces of catalytic materials. “Catalyst design” has taken on a pragmatic meaning which implies the discovery of new and better catalysts on the basis of fundamental understanding of the catalyst structure and performance. The presentations and discussion at the meeting illustrate the rapid progress in this understanding linked with improvements in spectroscopy, microscopy, theory, and catalyst performance testing. The following text includes a statement of recurrent themes in the discussion and examples of forefront science that evidences progress toward catalyst design.
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Meng, Xiang, Hiroaki Suzuki, Kenta Sasaki, and Hirokazu Tatsuoka. "Characteristic Modification of Catalysts by Use of a Chloride Source." Solid State Phenomena 247 (March 2016): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.247.106.

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Structural control and morphological modification of a series of Si-based nanostructures were studied from the viewpoint of modifying the catalyst’s characteristics. The catalyst was modified from a liquid to a solid during its growth. The growth evolution of the faceted Si nanowires occurred via a vapor–liquid–solid mechanism followed by a silicide vapor–solid–solid mechanism. The shapes of the catalysts defined the shapes of the nanowires during the vapor–solid–solid growth. The catalyst was further modified by the deposition of MnCl2. Only irregularly shaped Si particles or MnCl2 particles were observed on top of the Si nanowires. The characteristic modification of catalysts by liquid-phase crystal nucleation and deposition of liquid-phase droplets was discussed. In addition, the synthesis of a CrSi2 nanowire bundle by the formation of dense nanoparticles was studied.
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Temu, A. K. "Biodiesel Production Using Mixed Solid Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.451.

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One of the disadvantages of homogeneous base catalysts in biodiesel production is that they cannot be reused or regenerated because they are consumed in the reaction. Besides, homogeneous catalysed process is not environmentally friendly because a lot of waste water is produced in the separation step. Unlike homogeneous, heterogeneous catalysts are environmentally benign, can be reused and regenerated, and could be operated in continuous processes, thus providing a promising option for biodiesel production. This paper presents catalytic activity of single and mixed solid catalysts in production of biodiesel from palm oil using methanol as well as ethanol at atmospheric pressure. The catalysts used are CaO, K2CO3, Al2O3, and CaO/K2CO3, CaO/Al2O3, K2CO3/Al2O3 mixtures. Results show that methanol is a better reactant with biodiesel yield ranging from 48 to 96.5% while ethanol gives yields ranging from 20 to 95.2%. The yield data for single catalysts range from 20 to 89.2% while that for mixed catalysts range from 52 to 96.5% indicating improvement in the activity by mixing the catalysts. The study also shows that biodiesel yield increases with catalyst loading which emphasizes the need for sufficient number of active sites. The properties of biodiesel produced compares well with ASTM D6751 and EN 14124 biodiesel standards.
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Hidayati, Nur, Rahmah Puspita Sari, and Herry Purnama. "Catalysis of glycerol acetylation on solid acid catalyst: a review." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 23, no. 12 (January 14, 2021): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.23.12.414-423.

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Biodiesel is a substitute fuel that is environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and sustainable. The need for biodiesel continues to increase. Biodiesel is made through the process of transesterification of triglycerides and alcohol. Glycerol is a side-effect of biodiesel products with a capacity of 10% of the total weight of its production. Glycerol is the simplest glyceride compound and has several functions as a primary ingredient in chemical production. Through acetylation, glycerol is converted to a material that has a higher sale value. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are the acetylation approach to achieve the desired product, namely acetyl glycerol esters (mono-, di- and triacetin). However, in the process, the catalyst’s type and characteristics significantly affect the yield and conversion of the product and the deactivation or reusability of the catalyst, which can inhibit the catalyst’s utilization and effectiveness; therefore, it must be studied further. Besides, the parameters that affect the reaction will also be assessed.
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Tyufekchiev, Maksim, Jordan Finzel, Ziyang Zhang, Wenwen Yao, Stephanie Sontgerath, Christopher Skangos, Pu Duan, Klaus Schmidt-Rohr, and Michael T. Timko. "A New Method for Solid Acid Catalyst Evaluation for Cellulose Hydrolysis." Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 4 (November 15, 2021): 645–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem2040036.

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A systematic and structure-agnostic method for identifying heterogeneous activity of solid acids for catalyzing cellulose hydrolysis is presented. The basis of the method is preparation of a supernatant liquid by exposing the solid acid to reaction conditions and subsequent use of the supernatant liquid as a cellulose hydrolysis catalyst to determine the effects of in situ generated homogeneous acid species. The method was applied to representative solid acid catalysts, including polymer-based, carbonaceous, inorganic, and bifunctional materials. In all cases, supernatant liquids produced from these catalysts exhibited catalytic activity for cellulose hydrolysis. Direct comparison of the activity of the solid acid catalysts and their supernatants could not provide unambiguous detection of heterogeneous catalysis. A reaction pathway kinetic model was used to evaluate potential false-negative interpretation of the supernatant liquid test and to differentiate heterogeneous from homogeneous effects on cellulose hydrolysis. Lastly, differences in the supernatant liquids obtained in the presence and absence of cellulose were evaluated to understand possibility of false-positive interpretation, using structural evidence from the used catalysts to gain a fresh understanding of reactant–catalyst interactions. While many solid acid catalysts have been proposed for cellulose hydrolysis, to our knowledge, this is the first effort to attempt to differentiate the effects of heterogeneous and homogeneous activities. The resulting supernatant liquid method should be used in all future attempts to design and develop solid acids for cellulose hydrolysis.
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Shi, Chunjie, Xiaofeng Yu, Wei Wang, Haibing Wu, Ai Zhang, and Shengjin Liu. "The Activity and Cyclic Catalysis of Synthesized Iron-Supported Zr/Ti Solid Acid Catalysts in Methyl Benzoate Compounds." Catalysts 13, no. 6 (June 2, 2023): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13060971.

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The catalytic activity and cyclic catalysis of different methyl benzoates were studied by using a series of Lewis solid acid catalysts. The iron-supported zirconium/titanium solid acid catalysts were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and BET. The details of catalytic activity and cyclic catalysis verified that the catalyst catalyzed the reactions of 31 benzoic acids with different substituents and methanol. In addition, the mechanism was revealed according to the microstructure, acid strength, and specific surface area of the catalysts, and the yields of methyl benzoates by the GC-MS. Zr ions had significant effects on the catalytic activity of the catalyst. A certain proportion of Fe and Ti ions additionally enhanced the catalytic activity of the catalyst, with the catalyst-specific composition of Fe:Zr: Ti = 2:1: 1 showing optimal catalytic activity. A variety of substituents in the benzene ring, such as the electron-withdrawing group, the electron-donating group, large steric hindrance, and the position of the group on the benzene ring, had regular effects on the catalytic activity of the methyl benzoates. An increase in the catalyst activity occurred owing to the increases in the catalyst surface and the number of acid sites after the Fe ion was added. The catalytic activity remained unchanged after the facile recycling method was performed.
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Manayil, Jinesh, Adam Lee, and Karen Wilson. "Functionalized Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas: Tunable Hydrophobic Solid Acids for Biomass Conversion." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020239.

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The catalytic deoxygenation of bio-based feedstocks to fuels and chemicals presents new challenges to the catalytic scientist, with many transformations either performed in or liberating water as a byproduct during reaction. The design of catalysts with tunable hydrophobicity to aid product and reactant adsorption or desorption, respectively, is vital for processes including (trans)esterification and condensation reactions employed in sustainable biodiesel production and bio-oil upgrading processes. Increasing surface hydrophobicity of catalyst materials offers a means to displace water from the catalyst active site, and minimizes potential deactivation or hydrolysis side reactions. Hybrid organic–inorganic porous solids offer exciting opportunities to tune surface polarity and hydrophobicity, as well as critical parameters in controlling adsorption, reactant activation, and product selectivity in liquid and vapor phase catalysis. Here, we review advances in the synthesis and application of sulfonic-acid-functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMO) as tunable hydrophobic solid acid catalysts in reactions relevant to biorefining and biofuel production.
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Motokura, Ken, and Kyogo Maeda. "Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Ir Complex Catalysts for Aromatic C–H Borylation." Synthesis 53, no. 18 (April 9, 2021): 3227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1478-6118.

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AbstractAromatic C–H borylation catalyzed by an Ir complex is among the most powerful methods for activating inert bonds. The products, i.e., arylboronic acids and their esters, are usable chemicals for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, and significant effort has been directed toward the development of homogeneous catalysis chemistry. In this short review, we present a recent overview of current heterogeneous Ir-complex catalyst developments for aromatic C–H borylation. Not only have Ir complexes been immobilized on support surfaces with phosphine and bipyridine ligands, but Ir complexes incorporated within solid materials have also been developed as highly active and reusable heterogeneous Ir catalysts. Their catalytic activities and stabilities strongly depend on their surface structures, including linker length and ligand structure.1 Introduction and Homogeneous Ir Catalysis2 Heterogeneous Ir Complex Catalysts for C–H Borylation Reactions3 Other Heterogeneous Metal Complex Catalysts for C–H Borylation Reactions4 Summary and Outlook
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solid Catalysts"

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Fakiha, Samir Amin A. "Preparation and properties of solid catalysts." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335497.

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PERRA, DANIO. "Solid acid catalysts for biorefinery processes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266767.

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The present work regards the study of alternative synthetic routes for biofuels and biochemicals. Biofuels and biochemicals constitute the two main classes of biorefinery products. Biofuels are obtained from biomass and have many environmental advantages over the traditional fuels. In this work particular attention has been given to biodiesel, one of the most widely used biofuels. Biodiesel is a safe, non-toxic, and biodegradable alternative diesel fuel. The development of active acid catalysts for biodiesel synthesis could reduce the production costs, in particular because the acid catalysts permit the use of low value feedstocks such as waste and non-edible oils. Biodiesel production occurs with co-production of glycerol, which is co-product also in other industrial productions such as the production of fatty acids and soaps. Because of its large production the market demand is largely less than the supply. For this reason glycerol is considered a problematic product. Possible solution to its disposal is the use as platform chemical in the production of high value bioproducts. Among them are particularly interesting the trioses dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde. They could be feedstocks for an alternative synthetic way for lactic acid and its esters. Lactic acid and lactates are, nowadays, considerably important because they are used as building blocks in the production of biodegradable polymers (the polylactic acids), which are potential substitute for petroleum derived polymers. Lactic acid is also one of the most promising bio-based platform molecules. The high costs of the conventional production process hinder the use of lactic acid and lactates in many applications. So it is essential to develop cheaper and greener synthetic routes. In this work catalysts synthesis, characterization of the materials, and catalytic testing have been carried out mainly at the Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry in the Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences of the University of Cagliari. The study involved the use of several techniques for the characterization of the materials. All the catalytic results have been related to the acid properties of the tested materials. For this reason the measurements of adsorption microcalorimetry and adsorption FTIR using basic probe molecules have been the most important used techniques in this work. The measurements of adsorption microcalorimetry were carried out at the Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry in Cagliari while the measurements of adsorption FTIR were carried out under the supervision of Prof. Konstantin Hadjiivanov at the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. This work is divided in five chapters. The first chapter is an introduction of the fundamentals of sustainable chemistry, biorefinery and acid-base heterogeneous catalysis. The second chapter is a description of the most important techniques for the characterization of acid-base properties of solid materials. In the third chapter are listed the used materials, the experimental procedures and apparatus. The chapter four is the study of the acid catalyzed transesterification of tryglicerides for the production of biodiesel and glycerol. In chapter five is described the work on the conversion of dihydroxyacetone to methyl lactate
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Yamamoto, Takashi. "Studies on the Catalysis by New Solid Acid Catalysts and the Characterization." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/77922.

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Wang, Qiyan. "Design of solid micellar catalysts for sustainable chemistry." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR029.

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L'épuisement des ressources fossiles et les préoccupations environnementales croissantes encouragent la production de produits chimiques et de carburants durables à partir des ressources de la biomasse et du CO2. L'objectif fondamental de ce projet de recherche concerne la conception d'un nouveau système de catalyseur micellaire à un seul atome. Les catalyseurs sont classiquement classés en homogènes et hétérogènes. Les catalyseurs homogènes offrent une efficacité élevée, liée à une utilisation maximale des métaux et des sites actifs hautement accessibles, et une sélectivité élevée, en raison de la structure similaire du site actif. Cependant, les catalyseurs homogènes souffrent souvent d'une faible stabilité et d'une mauvaise recyclabilité. Au contraire, les catalyseurs hétérogènes présentent une stabilité et une recyclabilité excellentes, mais leur utilisation et sélectivités en métal actif sont généralement faibles. Les catalyseurs mono-atomes (SAC) sont une famille émergente de matériaux qui combinent les meilleurs avantages des catalyseurs homogènes et hétérogènes. Les SAC affichent une utilisation atomique d'environ 100%, une stabilité relativement élevée et une séparation facile du milieu réactionnel. Cependant, il existe plusieurs inconvénients associés à l'utilisation / la synthèse de catalyseurs à un seul atome: la plupart des procédures de synthèse pour les SAC nécessitent l'utilisation de ligands jetables coûteux et d'équipements et de techniques hautement spécialisés qui entravent leur production et leur applicabilité à grande échelle. Un SAC micellaire solide a été développé dans le cadre de ce projet par l'incorporation d'atomes métalliques dans les parois du MCM-41, stabilisé par un tensioactif cétyltriméthylammonium (CTA +). Le procédé est très simple et peu coûteux à synthétiser car il ne nécessite pas l'ajout de ligands coûteux ou de techniques d'atmosphère inerte
The depletion of fossil resources and increasing environmental concerns encourage the production of sustainable chemicals and fuels from biomass resources and CO2. The fundamental target of this research project deals with the design of a novel single atom micellar catalyst system. Catalysts are conventionally classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous catalysts offer high efficiency, related to maximal metal utilization and highly accessible active sites, and high selectivity, due to the similar active site's structure. However, homogeneous catalysts often suffer from low stability and poor recyclability. On the contrary, heterogeneous catalysts exhibit excellent stability and recyclability, yet their active metal utilization and selectivities are typically low. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are an emerging family of materials that combine the best advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. SACs display approximately 100% atomic utilization, relatively high stability, and easy separation from the reaction media. However, there are several drawbacks associated with the use/synthesis of single-atom catalysts: most synthetic procedures for SACs require the use of expensive throw-away ligands and highly specialized equipment and techniques that hinder their scale-up production and applicability. A solid micellar SAC has been developed in the framework of this project by the incorporation of metal atoms into the walls of MCM-41, stabilized by a Cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+) surfactant. The method is very simple and cheap to synthesize since it does not require the addition of expensive ligands or inert atmosphere techniques
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Li, Zhijian. "Novel solid base catalysts for Michael additions." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976576759.

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Hart, Mark Peter. "Solid acid catalysts for liquid phase reactions." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270434.

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Schimming, Sarah McNew. "Design of solid catalysts for biomass upgrading." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54265.

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The two main requirements for ceria-zirconia hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalysts are the presence of defect sites to bind oxygenates and the ability to adsorb and dissociate hydrogen. Two types of sites were identified for exchange of hydrogen and deuterium. The activation energy for one type of site was associated with H2-D2 exchange through oxygen defect sites. The activation energy for the second type of site was associated with H2-D2 exchange through hydroxyl groups and correlated with crystallite size. Ceria-zirconia can convert guaiacol, a model pyrolysis oil compound, with a high selectivity to phenol, an HDO product. Ceria-zirconia catalysts had a higher conversion of guaiacol to deoxygenated products as well as a higher selectivity towards phenol than pure ceria. They did not deactivate over the course of 72 hours on stream, whereas coking or the presence of water in the feed can cause serious decay of common HDO catalysts HDO. Therefore, ceria-zirconia catalysts are promising HDO catalysts for the first step of deoxygenation. The stability of supported Ru on ZrO2 in acidic or basic environments at reaction temperature is examined. In this study, the ruthenium dispersion is greatly increased by hydrothermal treatment in acidic and basic pH without alterations to the surface area, pore volume, pore size or crystal structure. An increase in Ru dispersion showed an increase in the selectivity to propylene glycol relative to ethylene glycol. A decrease in total Lewis acid site concentration was correlated with a decrease in the ethylene glycol yield. The conclusions of this study indicate that stability of catalysts in realistic industrial environments is crucial to the design of catalysts for a reaction.
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Mordacque, Olivier Michel André. "Selective alkylation of phenols using solid catalysts." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14186/.

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Alkylphenols are important industrial chemicals used in a wide range of applications. In particular, 2,6-ditertbutylphenol is an indispensable building block for anti-oxidants and light protective agents. A new solid catalyst was prepared, characterised and tested for the alkylation of phenols with alkenes in an attempt to reduce the environmental hazards associated with the aqueous wastes generated by the homogeneously catalysed alkylation reactions. The new silica gel supported aluminium phenolate catalyst was prepared by a two steps procedure, first grafting of an aluminium precursor such as aluminium trichloride or triethyl aluminium onto silica mainly through reaction with the support silanol groups, then exchange of the aluminium ligand with phenol. Catalysts exhibited mainly Lewis acidity and two types of active sites were detected. The new catalyst was successfully applied in the phenol - isobutene alkylation system. Catalysts exhibited an ortho- selectivity for the introduction of the first tertbutyl group. The selectivity of the second alkylation could be tuned by varying reaction conditions (reaction temperature, catalyst amount, alkene addition methods) and catalyst characteristics (support surface pre-treatment temperature, aluminium precursor and loading). Hence high yields of 2,4-ditertbutylphenol or moderated yields of 2,6-ditertbutylphenol were obtained. Alkylation of phenol with other alkenes and cresols alkylations were successfully catalysed by the new silica gel supported aluminium phenolate catalyst with the same selectivity. However, the diorthopropylphenol was the main dialkyl products when using propene as alkylating agent. "Greening" of the catalyst preparation by reducing the amount of solvent used was carried out without changing the selectivity and the activity of the catalyst. Reusability of the catalyst was investigated and a decrease of activity was observed. Storage of the catalyst was possible for a long time but activity and selectivity were affected.
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Cholerton, Mary. "Dehydration of alcohols using solid acid catalysts." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/362638/.

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Solid acid catalysts were prepared through silicon substitution into aluminophosphate frameworks. Silicon incorporation was confirmed using solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The nature of the acid sites generated was determined using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. These materials were tested as catalysts for the dehydration of ethanol to ethylene at low operating temperatures. The materials were active for dehydration of ethanol to ethylene with significant differences observed between aluminophosphate frameworks both in terms of selectivity to the desired product but also in terms of the nature of the silicon substitution and the active sites. Links have been made between these properties and the observed catalytic behaviour. The effect of the catalytic framework is further explored though the testing of cobalt substituted aluminophosphates for ethanol dehydration. Silicon substituted aluminophosphates have been tested for the dehydration of 1-phenylethanol to styrene as an example of catalysis in the liquid phase. Here the influence of framework was particularly significant due to the large substrate. The effect of redox metals in the aluminophosphate framework has been investigated through the use of calcined and pre-reduced cobalt substituted aluminophosphates for the dehydration of ethanol to ethylene. Analysis of the catalytic product stream was combined with UV-Visible measurements to investigate potential redox processes occurring during the reaction time on stream and the influence of the oxidation state of the redox metal on the catalytic products of the reaction.
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Rennison, A. J. "CO hydrogenation on reduced solid solution catalysts." Thesis, University of Bath, 1987. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378000.

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Books on the topic "Solid Catalysts"

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G, Ertl, Knözinger H. 1935-, and Weitkamp J, eds. Preparation of solid catalysts. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 1999.

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Synthesis of solid catalysts. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2009.

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1929-, Deviney Marvin L., Gland John L. 1947-, American Chemical Society. Division of Petroleum Chemistry., American Chemical Society. Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry., and American Chemical Society Meeting, eds. Catalyst characterization science: Surface and solid state chemistry. Washington, D.C: American Chemical Society, 1985.

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G, Derouane E., ed. Micro- and mesoporous solid catalysts. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2006.

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G, Derouane E., ed. Microporous and mesoporous solid catalysts. Chichester, England: Wiley, 2006.

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Che, Michel, and Jacques C. Védrine, eds. Characterization of Solid Materials and Heterogeneous Catalysts. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527645329.

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Hermans, Sophie, and Thierry Visart de Bocarme, eds. Atomically-Precise Methods for Synthesis of Solid Catalysts. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782628439.

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Reiji, Mezaki, and Inoue Hakuai, eds. Rate equations of solid-catalyzed reactions. [Tokyo]: University of Tokyo Press, 1991.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Active sites and roles of solid acid base catalysts. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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B, Imelik, and Védrine Jacques C, eds. Catalyst characterization: Physical techniques for solid materials. New York: Plenum Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solid Catalysts"

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Ruth, Karsten, and Peter Albers. "Materials for Solid Catalysts." In Springer Handbook of Materials Data, 935–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69743-7_25.

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Thoenes, Dirk. "Reactors with Solid Catalysts." In Chemical Reactor Development, 275–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8382-4_12.

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Ono, Yoshio, and Hideshi Hattori. "Characterization of Solid Base Catalysts." In Solid Base Catalysis, 11–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18339-3_2.

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Heinze, Katja. "Solid Phases as Protective Environments for Biomimetic Catalysts." In Molecular Catalysts, 423–52. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527673278.ch20.

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Ono, Yoshio, and Hideshi Hattori. "Solid Base Catalysts for Specific Subjects." In Solid Base Catalysis, 343–409. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18339-3_6.

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Horn, J., F. Michalek, C. C. Tzschucke, and W. Bannwarth. "Non-Covalently Solid-Phase Bound Catalysts for Organic Synthesis." In Immobilized Catalysts, 43–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b96873.

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de Jongh, Petra, and Krijn de Jong. "Synthesis of Solid Supports and Catalysts." In Catalysis, 315–59. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527810932.ch8.

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Dong, Shuai, Hao Liu, Xinyuan Liu, Chaoqun Li, Zhengyang Gao, and Weijie Yang. "H-Mg Bond Weakening Mechanism of Graphene-Based Single-Atom Catalysts on MgH2(110) Surface." In Proceedings of the 10th Hydrogen Technology Convention, Volume 1, 485–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8631-6_47.

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AbstractSolid-state hydrogen storage is gradually becoming an effective way for the large-scale storage and transportation of hydrogen energy. Magnesium hydride (MgH2) has become a promising candidate among solid-state hydrogen storage materials due to its high hydrogen storage density, low cost and good safety. However, ambiguous H-Mg bond weakening mechanism of various catalysts on MgH2 hinders the development of novel catalysts for MgH2 dehydrogenation. To overcome this problem, we applied the model catalyst, single-atom catalyst with accurately characterizable coordination structure, to understand the interaction between catalyst and MgH2 surface through spin-polarized density-functional theory calculation. We constructed heterogeneous interface structures between single-atom catalysts and MgH2 surface including nine kinds of transition metal atoms. The interaction between single-atom catalysts and MgH2 surface has been well explored through bond length, electron localization function, charge density difference and crystal orbital Hamiltonian population, providing the intrinsic information of H-Mg bond weakening mechanism over single-atom catalysts. This work can establish the foundational guide for the design of novel dehydrogenation catalysts.
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Seo, Yon Ki, Yong Hwan Kim, Uoo Chang Chung, and Won Sub Chung. "Various Types of Pt-Ni Binary Catalysts Supported on the Carbon Nanotubes as Cathode Catalysts for DMFC." In Solid State Phenomena, 247–50. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/3-908451-27-2.247.

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Masuda, Takuya, Toshihiro Kondo, and Kohei Uosaki. "Solid–Liquid Interfaces." In XAFS Techniques for Catalysts, Nanomaterials, and Surfaces, 505–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43866-5_31.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solid Catalysts"

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Zhang, Bo, Pengfei He, and Chao Zhu. "Modeling on Hydrodynamic Coupled FCC Reaction in Gas-Solid Riser Reactor." In ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2014-21368.

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The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser reactor consists of a bottom section of liquid feed injection and vaporization and an upward straight riser of vapor-catalysts transport and reaction. The product yield, obtained at the top of riser, is an accumulative result of liquid feed injection, vaporization by liquid contacting with hot catalysts, and subsequent catalytic cracking of feed vapor while being transported concurrently with catalysts through the riser. The FCC process involves not only these sequential sub-processes but also complicated coupling among multiphase fluid hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer between phases, and catalytic kinetic reactions of vapor components in each sub-process. It is essential to build up a model covering all sub-processes/mechanisms mentioned above through riser reactor and giving prompt results, especially for real-time online optimization of industrial operation. This paper aims to develop a parametric model, integrated from bottom feed nozzle to top exit of riser, that can quickly predict both hydrodynamic and kinetic characteristics throughout the riser as well as various parametric effects on production yield and selectivity. Highlights of modeling contributions in this integrated model include a mechanistic and spatial-structural model of multiple-nozzle feeding with strong interactions not only among sprays themselves but also with cross-flowing steam and catalysts, a heat transfer model between gaseous and catalyst phases, and a more-rigorously derived model of reactant conservation in the multiphase flow transport. The convective nature dominating the nozzle feeding, riser transport and kinetic reactions allows us to simplify the governing equations in this integrated model to a set of coupled first-order ordinary differential equations whose solutions can be obtained quickly via Runge-Kutta algorithm. Compared to the published plant data, the predicted VGO conversion and gasoline yield from the proposed model shows a much better agreement to those from previous parametric models, which suggests the newly-added sub-models of previously overlooked mechanisms can be quite important. Some parametric effects, such as the effect of catalyst-to-oil ratio and catalyst inlet temperature, on production yield and selectivity are further predicted. The results show that a higher CTO or catalyst temperature normally leads to higher cracking conversion, higher gasoline production and lower coke content. However, a very high inlet temperature of catalysts does cause over-cracking and lower the gasoline selectivity.
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Anushree, C. Sharma, and S. Kumar. "Mn3O4-CeO2 nano-catalysts: Synthesis, characterization and application." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2015. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4947772.

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Cuif, Jean-Pierre, Gilbert Blanchard, Olivier Touret, Aline Seigneurin, Mike Marczi, and Eric Quéméré. "(Ce, Zr)O2 Solid Solutions for Three-Way Catalysts." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/970463.

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Kulić Mandić, Aleksandra, Milena Bečelić-Tomin, Đurđa Kerkez, Gordana Pucar Milidrag, Vesna Pešić, and Miljana Prica. "A mini review: Optimal dye removal by fenton process catalysed with waste materials." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p21.

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Large quantities of solid waste from different industries are commonly disposed in landfills, where can generate wide range of environmental problems. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to give insight on the usage of various waste materials as oxidation catalysts in different Fenton processes for dye removal. In that manner the circular value chain of these materials will be reinforced, obtaining disposal cost reduction and further value addition. Some of industrial wastes (fly ash, electric arc furnace dust, red mud, coal bottom ash, activated carbon from biomass, etc.) that have been used to catalyse Fenton reaction in various researches are reviewed from optimization point of view. Both types of optimization, one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) are investigated. The study revealed that factors as catalyst concentration, pH value, hydrogen peroxide concentration, dye concentration and reaction time are main factors that influence final Fenton capacity as oxidation process catalysed with reviewed waste materials.
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Tyagi, Deepak, Salil Varma, and S. R. Bharadwaj. "XPS studies of Pt catalysts supported on porous carbon." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2015. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4947915.

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Tyagi, Deepak, Salil Varma, and S. R. Bharadwaj. "XPS and Raman studies of Pt catalysts supported on activated carbon." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5029154.

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WANG, J. A., L. F. CHEN, J. C. GUEVARA, and L. BALDERAS-TAPIA. "NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF NANOSIZED Pd/CexZr1−xO2 CATALYSTS." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Solid State Chemistry in China. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812776846_0064.

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Pramuanjaroenkij, Anchasa, Xiang Yang Zhou, Amarin Tongkratoke, and Sadık Kakac¸. "Simulation of Indirect Internal Reforming With Self-Sustained Electrochemical Promotion Catalysts in a Planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25433.

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Low operating temperature SOFCs permit a larger range of choices for materials, higher durability, and less volume and mass of a SOFC system. However, the low operating temperature poses a difficulty for the reforming of the hydrocarbon fuel: external reforming and internal reforming (IR). In this work, we develop a numerical model for simulating an indirect internal reforming section to introduce effects of the electrochemical promotion and coupling between selective anode catalysts and selective cathode catalysts in the catalyst pack in a planar solid oxide fuel cell operating at an intermediate temperature. The model employs a simplified geometrical model of an indirect internal reforming section in the anode chamber of the planar solid oxide fuel cell. However, the model includes very complicated combination of conventional reforming processes, electrochemical promotion and coupling. The model is simulated by using an in-house computer code. The results predict that the electrochemical promotion and coupling in a microscopic scale can enable a significant reforming and production of hydrogen at a relatively low temperature (500°C) with different conditions.
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Siefert, Nicholas, Dushyant Shekhawat, and Thomas Kalapos. "Integrating Catalytic Coal Gasifiers With Solid Oxide Fuel Cells." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33206.

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A review was conducted for coal gasification technologies that integrate with solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) to achieve system efficiencies near 60% while capturing and sequestering >90% of the carbon dioxide [1–2]. The overall system efficiency can reach 60% when a) the coal gasifier produces a syngas with a methane composition of roughly 25% on a dry volume basis, b) the carbon dioxide is separated from the methane-rich synthesis gas, c) the methane-rich syngas is sent to a SOFC, and d) the off-gases from the SOFC are recycled back to coal gasifier. The thermodynamics of this process will be reviewed and compared to conventional processes in order to highlight where available work (i.e. exergy) is lost in entrained-flow, high-temperature gasification, and where exergy is lost in hydrogen oxidation within the SOFC. The main advantage of steam gasification of coal to methane and carbon dioxide is that the amount of exergy consumed in the gasifier is small compared to conventional, high-temperature, oxygen-blown gasifiers. However, the goal of limiting the amount of exergy destruction in the gasifier has the effect of limiting the rates of chemical reactions. Thus, one of the main advantages of steam gasification leads to one of its main problems: slow reaction kinetics. While conventional entrained-flow, high-temperature gasifiers consume a sizable portion of the available work in the coal oxidation, the consumed exergy speeds up the rates of reactions. And while the rates of steam gasification reactions can be increased through the use of catalysts, only a few catalysts can meet cost requirements because there is often significant deactivation due to chemical reactions between the inorganic species in the coal and the catalyst. Previous research into increasing the kinetics of steam gasification will be reviewed. The goal of this paper is to highlight both the challenges and advantages of integrating catalytic coal gasifiers with SOFCs.
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Demko, Andrew R., Catherine Dillier, Eric L. Petersen, David Reid, and Sudipta Seal. "Ignition Delay Times of Composite Solid Propellants Using Novel Nano-Additive Catalysts." In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4106.

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Reports on the topic "Solid Catalysts"

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Tierney, J., and I. Wender. Solid superacids as coal liquefaction catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6933550.

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Lichtin, Norman N. Photoassisted Reaction of H2 with CO2 Over Solid Catalysts. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada231045.

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Lee, Suh-Jane, Casper Brady, and Kuan-Ting Lin. Alkaline Modified Solid Oxide Catalysts for Condensation Reactions between Biomolecules. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2001007.

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Tierney, John W., and Irving Wender. Solid superacids as coal liquefaction catalysts: Quarterly report, October--December 1988. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6354158.

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Tierney, J. W., and I. Wender. Solid superacids as coal liquefaction catalysts: Quarterly report, January--March 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6133749.

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Allenger, V. M. Synthesis of liquid fuels by reacting acetylene over solid acid catalysts. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/302609.

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Finke, R. G. Polyoxoanion mediated methane activation and functionalization: Molecular design of new homogeneous and new solid state/heterogeneous catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6082064.

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Haw, James F. NMR Computational Studies of Solid Acidity/Fundamental Studies of Catalysis by Solid Acids. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1049372.

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Williamson, R., J. Holladay, M. Jaffe, and D. Brunelle. Continuous Isosorbide Production From Sorbitol Using Solid Acid Catalysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/892556.

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Heinemann, H., G. A. Somorjai, and D. L. Perry. Fundamental studies of the mechanism of catalytic reactions with catalysts effective in the gasification of carbon solids and the oxidative coupling of methane. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7152421.

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