Journal articles: 'Solid biomass'

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HONJO, Takako. "Biomass Solid Fuel." Journal of High Temperature Society 34, no. 4 (2008): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7791/jhts.34.146.

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Yeremenko, O. I. "Research of advanced crusher wood biomass for solid fuel production." Naukovij žurnal «Tehnìka ta energetika» 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/machenergy2020.01.105.

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Wu, M. R., D. L. Schott, and G. Lodewijks. "Physical properties of solid biomass." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 5 (May 2011): 2093–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.02.020.

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Pestaño, Lola Domnina Bote, and Wilfredo I. Jose. "Production of Solid Fuel by Torrefaction Using Coconut Leaves As Renewable Biomass." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 5, no. 3 (November 4, 2016): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.187-197.

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The reserves of non-renewable energy sources such as coal, crude oil and natural gas are not limitless, they gradually get exhausted and their price continually increases. In the last four decades, researchers have been focusing on alternate fuel resources to meet the ever increasing energy demand and to avoid dependence on crude oil. Amongst different sources of renewable energy, biomass residues hold special promise due to their inherent capability to store solar energy and amenability to subsequent conversion to convenient solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. At present, among the coconut farm wastes such as husks, shell, coir dust and coconut leaves, the latter is considered the most grossly under-utilized by in situ burning in the coconut farm as means of disposal. In order to utilize dried coconut leaves and to improve its biomass properties, this research attempts to produce solid fuel by torrefaction using dried coconut leaves for use as alternative source of energy. Torrefaction is a thermal method for the conversion of biomass operating in the low temperature range of 200oC-300oC under atmospheric conditions in absence of oxygen. Dried coconut leaves were torrefied at different feedstock conditions. The key torrefaction products were collected and analyzed. Physical and combustion characteristics of both torrefied and untorrefied biomass were investigated. Torrefaction of dried coconut leaves significantly improved the heating value compared to that of the untreated biomass. Proximate compositions of the torrefied biomass also improved and were comparable to coal. The distribution of the products of torrefaction depends highly on the process conditions such as torrefaction temperature and residence time. Physical and combustion characteristics of torrefied biomass were superior making it more suitable for fuel applications.Article History: Received June 24th 2016; Received in revised form August 16th 2016; Accepted 27th 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Pestaño, L.D.B. and Jose, W.I. (2016) Production of Solid Fuel by Torrefaction Using Coconut Leaves As Renewable Biomass. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(3), 187-197.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.3.187-197

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Miljkovic, Biljana, Branislava Nikolovski, Dejan Mitrović, and Jelena Janevski. "Modeling for Pyrolysis of Solid Biomass." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 2 (October 11, 2019): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.14039.

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In comparison to coal, biomass is characterized by a higher content of volatile matter. It is a renewable source of energy which has many advantages from an ecological point of view. Understanding the physical phenomena of pyrolysis and representing them with a mathematical model is the primary step in the design of pyrolysis reactors. In the present study, an existing mathematical model is used to describe the pyrolysis of a single solid particle of biomass. It couples the heat transfer equations with the chemical kinetics equations. A finite difference method is used for solving the heat transfer equation and the two-step pyrolysis kinetics equations. The model equation is solved for a slab particle of equivalent dimension 0.001 m and temperature ranging from 300 to 923 K. An original numerical model for the pyrolysis of wood chips is proposed and relevant equations solved using original program realized in MATLAB.To check the validity of the numerical results, experimental results of pyrolysis of woody biomass in laboratory facility was used. The samples were heated over a range of temperature from 300 to 923 K with three different heating rates of 21, 32 and 55 K/min, and the weight loss was measured. The simulation results as well as the results obtained from thermal decomposition process indicate that the temperature peaks at maximum weight loss rate change with the increase in heating rate. The experimental results showed that the simulation results are in good agreement and can be successfully used to understand the degradation mechanism of solid reaction.

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Castaldi, Marco J. "D201 SOLID CARBON FEEDSTOCK GASIFICATION USING CO_2 SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENT(Biomass-4)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.2 (2009): _2–277_—_2–282_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.2._2-277_.

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IDA, Tamio. "A Study Outcome for Biomass Project and Solid Biomass Conversion Technology." Journal of Smart Processing 3, no. 1 (2014): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7791/jspmee.3.40.

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Ma, Long Bo. "Empirical Analysis on Peasant Households' Willingness of Using Solid Biomass Fuel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 548-549 (April 2014): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.548-549.617.

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The energy crisis and worsening ecological environment has become the biggest threats to human life. Using solid biomass fuel can effectively relieve these hazards. According to empirical analysis on peasant households' willingness of using solid biomass fuel, the results show that age、education and incomes of the farmers' families, energy satisfaction ,energy policies, farmers for solid biomass fuel concept cognitive degree, farmer's awareness of environmental protection and safety consciousness biomass fuel for farmers to buy solid has significant influence. Therefore it is suggested that implementing energy subsidies and strengthen the concept of product positioning that can expand propaganda in solid biomass energy and promote the impact peasant biomass fuel industry development of solid.

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Abdulyekeen, Kabir Abogunde, Ahmad Abulfathi Umar, Muhamad Fazly Abdul Patah, and Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud. "Torrefaction of biomass: Production of enhanced solid biofuel from municipal solid waste and other types of biomass." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 150 (October 2021): 111436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.111436.

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Joseph, Ben, Frank Hensgen, Lutz Bühle, and Michael Wachendorf. "Solid Fuel Production from Semi-Natural Grassland Biomass—Results from a Commercial-Scale IFBB Plant." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113011.

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Biomass-based energy accounts for a notable share of renewable heat and electricity generation in Germany. Due to limited alternative uses, biomass obtained from management of semi-natural grasslands is a potential feedstock. Technical and environmental limitations exist in using this biomass for combustion, due to the presence of harmful elements. Converting biomass using integrated generation of solid fuel and biogas from biomass system (IFBB) produces a solid fuel with lower concentrations of harmful elements and a press liquid usable for biogas generation. In this study, solid fuel generation with a commercial scale IFBB unit was investigated. The concentration of harmful elements such as N, S, Cl, and K in the solid fuel was significantly reduced compared to the original biomass silage. Emissions during combustion of the solid fuel briquettes were below German legal thresholds. Elemental concentration of solid fuel obtained from commercial scale process had a significant improvement in removal rate of harmful elements than the prototype. Hence, the limitations of using semi-natural grassland biomass as an energy source were overcome. The commercial scale IFBB plant could be used in practice to handle large volumes of green residual biomass by converting it into a solid fuel with favorable fuel properties.

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ITO, Hiroyuki, Yuto SAKAI, Takero NAKAHARA, Tamio IDA, and Osamu FUJITA. "Studies on Solid Biomass Combustion-Combustion Characteristics of Highly Densified Biomass Briquette-." Journal of Smart Processing 1, no. 2 (2012): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7791/jspmee.1.36.

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Oberweis, S., and T. T. Al Shemmeri. "Emissions and performance from a biomass boiler for different solid biomass fuels." International Journal of Renewable Energy Technology 3, no. 4 (2012): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijret.2012.049528.

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Abbas, T., P. G. Costen, and F. C. Lockwood. "Solid fuel utilization: From coal to biomass." Symposium (International) on Combustion 26, no. 2 (1996): 3041–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80148-2.

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Lai, Da-ming, Li Deng, Qing-xiang Guo, and Yao Fu. "Hydrolysis of biomass by magnetic solid acid." Energy & Environmental Science 4, no. 9 (2011): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01526e.

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Hara, Michikazu. "Biomass conversion by a solid acid catalyst." Energy & Environmental Science 3, no. 5 (2010): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b922917e.

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Christoforou, Elias A., and Paris A. Fokaides. "Recent Advancements in Torrefaction of Solid Biomass." Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports 5, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40518-018-0110-z.

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Li, Sihan, Zhengrong Gu, Brady Evan Bjornson, and Arthy Muthukumarappan. "Biochar based solid acid catalyst hydrolyze biomass." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 1, no. 4 (December 2013): 1174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.09.004.

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Hibino, Takashi, Kazuyo Kobayashi, and Takuma Hitomi. "Biomass solid oxide fuel cell using solid weed waste as fuel." Electrochimica Acta 388 (August 2021): 138681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138681.

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Jasiulewicz, Michał. "THE POSSIBILITIES OF MEETING ENERGY DEMANDS IN SYSTEM THERMAL POWER PLANTS BY USING LOCAL SOLID BIOMASS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2792.

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What is of crucial importance in local conditions as concerns the heat power industry is the use of local biomass, especially waste biomass, as an energy raw material in the existing system of thermal power plants. The purpose of the present study is to assess the possibility of replacing hard coal as an energy raw material with solid biomass. Solid biomass is constituted by: surpluses of cereal straw and rape straw, as well as hay from unused meadows, from the upkeep of roadside trees and from energy crop plantations. The research was conducted on the example of thermal power plants associated in the “Together Warmer” Cluster. This cluster is formed by 10 thermal power plants in small towns in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Province and the city of Biała Podlaska (Lubelskie Province). All of these are located in north-east Poland. Considering the high transport costs of biomass, a biomass technical potential was accepted within a radius of 30 km from the thermal power plant. The solid biomass potential for each of the ten thermal power plants demonstrates that most of the thermal power plants from the Cluster under examination are able to meet their energy needs with solid biomass from the nearest neighbourhood (replace hard coal). However, when taking a decision on replacing hard coal with local biomass, it is necessary to adequately handle logistics and replace boilers in thermal power plants with special boilers for the combustion of solid biomass.

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Stolarski, Mariusz Jerzy, Paweł Dudziec, Michał Krzyżaniak, and Ewelina Olba-Zięty. "Solid Biomass Energy Potential as a Development Opportunity for Rural Communities." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123398.

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Conventional energy sources often do not fully satisfy the needs of a modern economy, especially given the climate changes associated with them. These issues should be addressed by diversification of energy generation, including the development of renewable energy sources (RES). Solid biomass will play a major part in the process in Poland. The function of rural areas, along with a well-developed agricultural and forest economy sector, will be a key aspect in this as these areas are suitable for solid biomass acquisition in various ways. This study aimed to determine the solid biomass energy potential in the commune of Goworowo to illustrate the potential in the smallest administrative units of Poland. This research determined the environmental and natural conditions in the commune, which helped to identify the crucial usable solid biomass resources. The total energy potential of solid biomass resources in the commune of Goworowo amounted to 97,672 GJ y−1. The highest potential was accumulated in straw surplus (37,288 GJ y−1) and the lowest was in wood from roadside maintenance (113 GJ y−1). This study showed that rural areas could soon play a significant role in obtaining solid biomass, and individual communes could become spaces for the diversification of energy feedstock.

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Kobayashi, Hirokazu, and Atsushi Fukuoka. "Development of Solid Catalyst–Solid Substrate Reactions for Efficient Utilization of Biomass." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 91, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.20170263.

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Suleimenova, B. Zh, A. S. Shapi, K. A. Beisembaeva, D. Shah, and E. K. Sarbassov. "The study of solid residues after biomass pyrolysis." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series 131, no. 2 (2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2020-131-2-58-62.

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Bilandzija, Nikola, Neven Voca, Barbara Jelcic, Vanja Jurisic, Ana Matin, Mateja Grubor, and Tajana Kricka. "Evaluation of Croatian agricultural solid biomass energy potential." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 93 (October 2018): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.040.

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Sklyarenko, E. V., and R. V. Serhiienko. "BIOCARBON AS AN EFFECTIVE SOLID FUEL FROM BIOMASS." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 41, no. 3 (October 24, 2019): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.3.2019.12.

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We present the results of technical – and – economical analysis showing that the most efficient fuel from biomass for thermal power engineering is bio carbon, which is produced with the help of industrial facility developed and manufactured at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences.

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Fraga, Adriano do Couto, Cristina Pontes Bittencourt Quitete, Vitor Loureiro Ximenes, Eduardo Falabella Sousa-Aguiar, Isabel M. Fonseca, and Ana M. Botelho Rego. "Biomass derived solid acids as effective hydrolysis catalysts." Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 422 (October 2016): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcata.2015.12.005.

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Vu, Anh, S. Ranil Wickramasinghe, and Xianghong Qian. "Polymeric Solid Acid Catalysts for Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionation." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 57, no. 13 (March 14, 2018): 4514–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05286.

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Williams, A., J. M. Jones, L. Ma, and M. Pourkashanian. "Pollutants from the combustion of solid biomass fuels." Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 38, no. 2 (April 2012): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2011.10.001.

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Matali, S., N. A. Rahman, S. S. Idris, N. Yaacob, and A. B. Alias. "Lignocellulosic Biomass Solid Fuel Properties Enhancement via Torrefaction." Procedia Engineering 148 (2016): 671–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.550.

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Alexander, Brentan R., Reginald Mitchell, and Turgut M. Gür. "Biomass Conversion in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." ECS Transactions 35, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 2685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3570267.

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Schudlo, T. S., and N. I. Dunaevskaya. "The study of kinetic characteristics of solid biomass." Problems of General Energy 2016, no. 1 (April 27, 2016): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pge2016.01.018.

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Dauenhauer, Paul J, Bradon J Dreyer, Nick J Degenstein, and Lanny D Schmidt. "Millisecond Reforming of Solid Biomass for Sustainable Fuels." Angewandte Chemie 119, no. 31 (August 3, 2007): 5968–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200701238.

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Dauenhauer, Paul J, Bradon J Dreyer, Nick J Degenstein, and Lanny D Schmidt. "Millisecond Reforming of Solid Biomass for Sustainable Fuels." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46, no. 31 (August 3, 2007): 5864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200701238.

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Hu, Xun, Keigo Nango, Lei Bao, Tingting Li, M. D. Mahmudul Hasan, and Chun-Zhu Li. "High yields of solid carbonaceous materials from biomass." Green Chemistry 21, no. 5 (2019): 1128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8gc03153c.

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Zhang, Hanfei, Ligang Wang, François Maréchal, and Umberto Desideri. "Solid-oxide electrolyzer coupled biomass-to-methanol systems." Energy Procedia 158 (February 2019): 4548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.755.

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Anand, V., H. N. Chanakya, and M. G. C. Rajan. "Solid phase fermentation of leaf biomass to biogas." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 6, no. 1 (November 1991): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(91)90003-7.

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Nikku, Markku, Anjan Deb, Ekaterina Sermyagina, and Liisa Puro. "Reactivity characterization of municipal solid waste and biomass." Fuel 254 (October 2019): 115690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115690.

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Zhang, Wenwen, Zichun Wang, Jun Huang, and Yijiao Jiang. "Zirconia-Based Solid Acid Catalysts for Biomass Conversion." Energy & Fuels 35, no. 11 (May 19, 2021): 9209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00709.

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Asadi, Mohammad Reza, Mahdi Moharrampour, and Heidar Abdollahian. "Review State of Biomass Energy in Iran." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 885–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.885.

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The presence of biomass resources and benefiting from such energy producing sources in every country supply a part of country’s energy needs, reduce its environmental effects and cause creation of new jobs. In this regard this paper presents the state of biomass energy in Iran. Results of this study shows that the major biomass resources in Iran are agricultural solid wastes (%59), animal wastes (%28), corrupting waste materials (%11) and civil and industrial waste waters (%2). According to statistical data, the potential biomass energy in Iran is equal to 15 million ton of crude oil which will be estimated about %13 of annual Iranian crude oil sale. The project of survey the potential and feasibility of energy obtaining out of burring solid wastes of Mashhad and Shiraz are executive activities of biomass in Iran and also survey the potential and feasibility of energy obtaining out of burring solid wastes of other cities of Iran and installation of biomass power plant are future activities of biomass in Iran.

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Solim, Muhammad Hamzah, and Y. S. Wulan Manuhara. "Biomass Production of Root and Shoot of Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. by Liquid and Solid Ms Medium with Plant Growth Hormone IBA." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 1, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.13731.

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Talinum paniculatum Gaertn. is one of traditional medicinal plant in Indonesia which has benefits such as for vitality and maintain blood circulation. The aim of this research is to obtain biomass production of root and shoot of T. paniculatum Gaertn. by liquid and solid MS medium with IBA. This research conducted to provide biomass as raw material for secondary metabolites test. Stems as explant were induced with four treatments (liquid MS, solid MS, liquid MS + 2 ppm IBA and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA) with five repetitions. Observation did for 28 days. The parameters are the percentage of explants which formed the root and shoot, morphology, fresh and dry biomass. Result shows that percentage of root and shoot have 100% in liquid and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA. Fresh and dry biomass of root and shoot in solid MS + 2 ppm IBA higher than the others. This research found callus in liquid and solid MS + 2 ppm IBA. Morphology of root in liquid MS has thin and friable, but thick in solid MS. Shoot in solid and liquid MS has thin, short and sturdy.

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Singh, Vivek Kumar, R. Sairam, P. L. Raviteja, A. Naresh, and R. Suresh. "Performance Evaluation of Biomass Cooking Devices in Household Environment with Various Solid Biomass Fuel." International Journal of Energy Science 4, no. 1 (2014): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14355/ijes.2014.0401.06.

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Stąsiek, Jan, and Marek Szkodo. "Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass and Municipal Waste into Useful Energy Using Advanced HiTAG/HiTSG Technology." Energies 13, no. 16 (August 14, 2020): 4218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13164218.

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An advanced thermal conversion system involving high-temperature gasification of biomass and municipal waste into biofuel, syngas or hydrogen-rich gas is presented in this paper. The decomposition of solid biomass and wastes by gasification is carried out experimentally with a modern and innovative regenerator and updraft continuous gasifier, among others. A ceramic high-cycle regenerator provides extra energy for the thermal conversion of biomass or any other solids waste. Highly preheated air and steam gas (heated up to 1600 °C) was used as an oxidizing or gasification agent (feed gas). Preheated feed gas also enhances the thermal decomposition of the gasification solids for fuel gas. However, the main objective of this work is to promote new and advanced technology for the thermochemical conversion of biomass for alternative energy production. Selected results from experimental and numerical studies are also presented.

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Chuayboon, Srirat, and Stéphane Abanades. "Thermodynamic and Experimental Investigation of Solar-Driven Biomass Pyro-Gasification Using H2O, CO2, or ZnO Oxidants for Clean Syngas and Metallurgical Zn Production." Processes 9, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040687.

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The solar gasification of biomass represents a promising avenue in which both renewable solar and biomass energy can be utilized in a single process to produce synthesis gas. The type of oxidant plays a key role in solar-driven biomass gasification performance. In this study, solar gasification of beech wood biomass with different oxidants was thermodynamically and experimentally investigated in a 1.5 kWth continuously-fed consuming bed solar reactor at 1200 °C under atmospheric pressure. Gaseous (H2O and CO2) as well as solid (ZnO) oxidants in pellet and particle shapes were utilized for gasifying beech wood, and the results were compared with pyrolysis (no oxidant). As a result, thermodynamic predictions provided insights into chemical gasification reactions against oxidants, which can support experimental results. Compared to pyrolysis, using oxidants significantly promoted syngas yield and energy upgrade factor. The highest total syngas yield (63.8 mmol/gbiomass) was obtained from biomass gasification with H2O, followed by CO2, ZnO/biomass mixture (pellets and particles), and pyrolysis. An energy upgrade factor (U) exceeding one was achieved whatever the oxidants, with the maximum U value of 1.09 from biomass gasification with ZnO, thus highlighting successful solar energy storage into chemical products. ZnO/biomass pellets exhibited greater gas yield, particularly CO, thanks to enhanced solid–solid reaction. Solid product characterization revealed that ZnO can be reduced to high-purity Zn through solar gasification, indicating that solar-driven biomass gasification with ZnO is a promising innovative process for CO2-free sustainable co-production of metallic Zn and high-quality syngas.

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Panchuk, М. V., І. М. Semianyk, and I. O, Mandryk. "Solid Biofuel Production Perspectives in Ukraine." Oil and Gas Power Engineering, no. 2(32) (December 27, 2019): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/1993-9868-2019-2(32)-70-78.

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The reserves of fossil fuel resources in Ukraine are limited, that is why the usage of solid biofuel from renewable raw materials is one of the most important factors of state energy policy directed at the preservation of traditional fuel and energy resources and improvement of the environment condition. The analysis of biological resources is made in this paper, and it is determined that Ukraine has a sufficient potential which is available for energy production and constitutes around 29 million tons of equivalent fuel. Energy crops are an important resource therewith. A potential yield of solid biofuel from perennial energy crops can constitute approximately 35.8 million tons per year. It is shown that raw biomass has a number of disadvantages: low energy density, unstable granulometry, wide spread of moisture content, and low bulk density which are the main problems for its storage and transportation. In order to increase consumer performance properties of biomass, the granulation process is suggested to be used. The implementation of granulation process will allow to eliminate the shortcomings of biological raw material and to transform it into a high-efficiency fuel. One of the most important conditions of effective and profitable functioning of granulated biomass production is the availability and regular supply of raw materials. Therewith, for Ukraine's conditions it is worthwhile to use sets of high-power equipment for its operation both in the places with high concentration of raw materials and small mobile units which can work in stationary conditions and move to the places with sufficient amount of raw materials decreasing the costs of biomass transportation to minimum. At the same time, there is a need in developing new homeland elaborations, both complex process lines and individual equipment units for different capacities. The paper determines the main directions of using granulation products among which are: combustion in pellet boilers, common combustion with coal, and gasification of granulated biomass for obtaining motor oils. It is mentioned that the application of granulation technologies solves not only the energy problems but also a set of other problems: ecological, agricultural, forestry and social ones.

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Chotovinský, O., and V. Altmann. "Influence of weather conditions on waste biomass production." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, No. 2 (June 30, 2016): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/19/2014-rae.

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A significant effect of weather conditions on crop biomass yields was observed in various production areas during the last decade. Starting with the municipality of Březník within the period of 2007–2011, the present article studies the relationship between weather conditions and the volume of municipal residue biomass (MRB). A statistically significant impact of rainfall level on MRB production has been demonstrated. The development of biodegradable municipal solid waste collection in the municipality of Březník has also been described and evaluated.

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Kraszkiewicz, Artur, Francesco Santoro, and Simone Pascuzzi. "Emmission of Sulphur Oxides from Agricultural Solid Biofuels Combustion." Agricultural Engineering 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2020-0034.

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Abstract In the aspect of the course and analysis of products of biomass fuels combustion in grill feed boilers, the combustion process of wheat straw and meadow hay were assessed taking into consideration conditions of SO2 emission. Different types of briquettes used in the research not only had various chemical properties but also physical properties. In the aspect of assessment of energy and organic parameters of the combustion process, the sulphur content in biomass becomes a significant factor at its energy use. Registered emission during combustion of meadow hay biomass referred to wheat biomass was for A and B type briquettes correspondingly higher by ca. 320 and 120%. Differences in SO2 emission at combustion of various biofuel forms in the aspect of the relation with the remaining combustion parameters including mainly with air flow require, however, further research that leads to development of low-emission and high-efficient biofuel combustion technologies in low-power heating devices.

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Muliane, Ulfi, and Puji Lestari. "Utilization of alternative fuels and materials in cement kiln towards emissions of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylenes (BTEX)." MATEC Web of Conferences 147 (2018): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814708002.

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Co-processing in cement industry has benefits for energy conservation and waste recycling. Nevertheless, emissions of benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene, and xylenes (BTEX) tend to increase compared to a non co-processing kiln. A study was conducted in kiln feeding solid AFR (similar to municipal solid waste, MSW) having production capacity 4600-ton clinker/day (max. 5000 ton/day) and kiln feeding biomass having production capacity 7800-ton clinker/day (max. 8000 ton/day). The concentration of VOCs emissions tends to be higher at the raw mill on rather than the raw mill off. At the raw mill on, concentration of total volatile organic carbon (VOCs) emission from cement kiln stack feeding Solid AFR 1, biomass, Solid AFR 2, and mixture of Solid AFR and biomass is 16.18 mg/Nm3, 16.15 mg/Nm3, 9.02 mg/Nm3, and 14.11 mg/Nm3 respectively. The utilization of biomass resulted in the lower fraction of benzene and the higher fraction of xylenes in the total VOCs emission. Operating conditions such as thermal substitution rate, preheater temperature, and kiln speed are also likely to affect BTEX emissions.

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Sun, Xiaohang, Zijun Sun, Yanbin Xin, Bing Sun, and Xiaomin Lu. "Plasma-catalyzed liquefaction of wood-based biomass." BioResources 15, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 6095–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.6095-6109.

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Biomass resources in nature produce a large amount of waste resources (agricultural residues, wood waste, etc.) during agricultural and forestry production processes. Therefore, the effective utilization of these solid biomass waste resources has attracted widespread interest. In this paper, a pulsed discharge plasma technology was used to perform catalytic liquefaction experiments on solid biomass sawdust at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the reaction parameters such as the solid:liquid ratio, liquefaction solvent ratio, and catalyst ratio were optimized. The results showed that the plasma technology achieved a higher liquefaction yield; the optimized reaction parameters were: a solid:liquid ratio of 1:23.4, a liquefaction solvent polyethylene glycol (PEG) / glycerol (GL) ratio of 25:15 (V:V), and an acid volume fraction of 0.188%. In addition, the characteristics of the products of the liquefaction reaction were analyzed and discussed. The liquid products were mainly composed of small molecules. The experiment established that the liquefaction of solid sawdust by high-voltage pulsed discharge plasma can be an effective technical method.

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Kronbergs, Andris, Elgars Širaks, Aleksandrs Adamovičs, and Ēriks Kronbergs. "Mechanical Properties of Hemp (Cannabis Sativa) Biomass." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 5, 2015): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.901.

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In Latvia approximately of 14.6% of unfarmed agricultural land can be used for herbaceous energy crop growing. Herbaceous energy crops would be as the main basis for solid biofuel production in agricultural ecosystem in future. Herbaceous energy crops as hemp (Cannabis sativa) are grown in recent years and can be used for solid biofuel production. Experimentally stated hemp stalk material ultimate tensile strength the medium value is 85 ± 9 N mm-2. The main conditioning operation before preparation of herbaceous biomass compositions for solid biofuel production is shredding. Therefore hemp stalks were used for cutting experiments. Cutting using different types of knives mechanisms had been investigated. Specific shear cutting energy for hemp samples were within 0.02 – 0.04 J mm-2. Hemp stalk material density was determined using AutoCAD software for cross-section area calculation. Density values are 325 ± 18 kg m-3 for hemp stalks. Specific cutting energy per mass unit was calculated on basis of experimentally estimated values of cutting energy and density.

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Križan, Peter, Michal Svátek, Miloš Matúš, and Juraj Beniak. "Application of mathematical modelling when determining the parameters effect of biomass densification process on solid biofuels quality." MATEC Web of Conferences 168 (2018): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816807005.

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The main aim of this paper is to present the design of experiment (DOE) and evaluation methodology for this experimental plan in order to determine the parameters effect of biomass densification process on final solid biofuels quality. One of the recovery possibilities for waste biomass raw materials is production of solid biofuels. Using a variety combination of influencing variables can be improve the final quality of solid biofuels. Raw biomass material variables influence, especially (type of raw material, particle size, moisture content, compression pressure and compression temperature) can be recognized during the production of solid biofuels. Their effect can be seen through the quality indicators; especially mentioned variables significantly influence the mechanical quality indicators of solid biofuels. In this experimental research authors would like to investigate properties and behaviour of wood raw waste biomass during densification. This contribution discusses the analysis and design of experimental process, its individual steps and their subsequent DOE leading to the development of a mathematical model that will describe this process. This paper also presents the research findings regarding the effect of influencing variables on final density of solid biofuels during densification. Aim of the experimental process is to determine the mutual interaction between solid biofuels density and influencing variables during densification. Effect of compression pressure, compression temperature, moisture content and particle size on solid biofuels density from wood sawdust was determined.

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Keerthivasan, K. C., and S. Nandhakumar. "Fabrication and Testing of Downdraft Gasifier for Solid Biomass." Applied Mechanics and Materials 854 (October 2016): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.854.142.

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Bio mass was the fuel used for combustion and produce thermal energy. Gasification was a thermo chemical process it convert solid fuel into gaseous fuel. Gasification is the operation used to produce the combustible gas by burning solid biomass, that combustible gas is also named as producer gas. We are using downdraft gasifier to generate producer gas, why because the down draft gasifier produce a lesser amount of tar content and minimum pressure drop. In our country, large amount of solid waste like coconut shell, groundnut shell, carpentry wastage, bagasse this kind of waste is easily combustible biomass. So we can use that combustible waste to run the down draft gasifier to produce the producer gas. We have fabricated the down draft gasifier with 3.5kW power generation. Performance of gasifier has been analysed in-terms of different zone temperatures and pressure drop, wood consumption this things would be experimentally investigated.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solid biomass'

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