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Smith, Catherine D. "Productive matters : the DIY architecture manuals of Ant Farm and Paolo Soleri." Thesis, Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13503.
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Okamoto, Paul Craig. "Architecture between the idea and the reality : a comparative study of ecological philosophy with the architecture of Paoli Soleri." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARCHM/09archmo41.pdf.
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Zanotti, Luca. "Ottimizzazione di un sistema di raffreddamento di pannelli solari con conversione termoelettrica di energia." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25529/.
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In questo elaborato è inizialmente proposta un’introduzione ai sistemi termici e fotovoltaici, partendo da una spiegazione della situazione legata alla crescente richiesta energetica globale ed all’aggravarsi della situazione riguardante l’inquinamento ambientale, per poi concentrarsi sulla convenienza dello sfruttamento di energia solare per poterla convertire in altre forme di energia grazie all’impiego di sistemi solari termici e fotovoltaici.
In seguito, è analizzata la possibilità di poter usufruire dei vantaggi di entrambi i sistemi in un unico apparato, ovvero i sistemi termo-fotovoltaici; essi, infatti, garantiscono un aumento dell’efficienza di conversione delle celle solari ed una maggiore produzione di energia per unità di superficie rispetto ai sistemi separati, ma la loro commercializzazione è ancora alle fasi iniziali.
Successivamente è proposta una trattazione sui sistemi termoelettrici, i quali, attraverso l’effetto termoelettrico, permettono la conversione di energia termica in energia elettrica, rendendosi interessanti per molte applicazioni, tra le quali il raffreddamento delle celle solari, pur presentando valori di efficienza bassi che nel corso degli anni stanno migliorando grazie alla ricerca di materiali termoelettrici innovativi.
In conclusione, viene riportato uno studio, condotto da Fabbri e Greppi (2021), nel quale viene proposto un innovativo apparato di supporto e raffreddamento integrato per le celle di un pannello fotovoltaico, in modo tale da incrementare l’efficienza di conversione delle celle solari.
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Di, Nardo Gabriele. "Progettazione di un impianto solare termico per produzione di acqua calda sanitaria." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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La tesi ripercorre i vari step procedurali per la realizzazione di un impianto solare termico per la produzione di ACS.
Sulla base delle normative regionali vigenti nel 2010, a seguito di un intervento di ristrutturazione dell’impianto termico, occorre installare un impianto a fonte rinnovabile idoneo alla produzione di almeno il 50% del fabbisogno complessivo annuo di ACS.
Dopo aver scelto la tipologia di collettore, analizzato la reale disponibilità della copertura piana sulla base del calcolo degli ombreggiamenti delle barriere verticali e della distanza minima fra due batterie consecutive, si calcola il fattore di copertura mensile (e poi annuale) con il Metodo F – Chart.
Si dimensionano opportunamente gli elementi fondamentali dell’impianto: circuito idraulico, bollitori solari e vaso d’espansione solare, e infine, come ulteriore verifica, si utilizza il software di simulazione dinamica T*Sol 5.5.
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Reuse, Rolando. "Thermomechanical behavior of monolithic Sn-Ag-Cu solder and copper fiber reinforced solders." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FReuse.pdf.
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Li, Dezhi. "Properties and behaviour of Pb-free solders in flip-chip scale solder interconnections." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34206.
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Due to pending legislations and market pressure, lead-free solders will replace Sn–Pb solders in 2006. Among the lead-free solders being studied, eutectic Sn–Ag, Sn–Cu and Sn–Ag–Cu are promising candidates and Sn–3.8Ag–0.7Cu could be the most appropriate replacement due to its overall balance of properties. In order to garner more understanding of lead-free solders and their application in flip-chip scale packages, the properties of lead free solders, including the wettability, intermetallic compound (IMC) growth and distribution, mechanical properties, reliability and corrosion resistance, were studied and are presented in this thesis.
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Albertazzi, Clarissa. "Studio di celle fotovoltaiche di terza generazione: celle tandem." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8942/.
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Il fotovoltaico (FV) costituisce il modo più diretto di conversione dell’energia solare in energia elettrica e si basa sull’effetto osservato da Becquerel nel 1839. Si può affermare che tale effetto è rimasto una curiosità di laboratorio dalla metà del XIX secolo fino al 1954, quando la prima cella solare in silicio con un’efficienza di conversione del 6% fu costruita ai Laboratori Bell. Da allora la ricerca in questo settore ha sperimentato una crescita costante ed oggi si può contare su tecnologie mature, in grado di sviluppare alte prestazioni in via di ulteriore miglioramento. Le celle tandem costituiscono ora il migliore esempio di dispositivi fotovoltaici in grado di convertire buona parte della potenza irraggiata dal sole. Aumentare l’efficienza con le celle tandem significa sfruttare le differenti lunghezze d’onda dello spettro solare. Questi dispositivi sono infatti costruiti impilando semiconduttori, disponendoli dal basso in modo crescente secondo i loro valori di energia di gap.
A partire dall’analisi delle caratteristiche principali della radiazione solare e del principio di funzionamento delle celle fotovoltaiche, questo lavoro si propone di mettere in evidenza le potenzialità della tecnologia a multigiunzione, che ha già dimostrato rilevanti capacità di ottimizzazione delle prestazioni delle celle solari, facendo ben sperare per il futuro.
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Magrini, Luca. "Simulazione energetica di un edificio con pannello solare ibrido PVT." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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Lo scopo di questo elaborato è fare un quadro complessivo della tecnologia PVT e fornire, poi, i risultati della simulazione energetica di un edificio con un pannello PVT. Vengono proposti grafici che rappresentano lo stato dell'arte di questa tecnologia, schemi funzionali e circuiti elettrici dei moduli. Successivamente, vengono riportati i risultati della simulazione eseguita su Trnsys.
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Nousiainen, O. (Olli). "Characterization of second-level lead-free BGA interconnections in thermomechanically loaded LTCC/PWB assemblies." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514263538.
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Low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) based system-in-package (SiP) is an emerging multilayer module technology for wireless communication applications, mainly due to its excellent high-frequency material properties. LTCC-SiP modules are typically soldered onto an organic motherboard, but the lifetime of the 2nd-level solder joints is often poor due to the high stress level of the joints in test/field conditions. Moreover, using lead-free solders in the interconnections of LTCC modules raised new questions about the feasibility and reliability of the solder joints in LTCC applications. Therefore, the characteristic features of the 2nd-level solder joint configuration were determined in this thesis work.
It was proved that collapsible Sn4Ag0.5Cu spheres are not a feasible option in LTCC/PWB assemblies with a large global thermal mismatch; a non-collapsible ball grid array (BGA) joint with a plastic core solder balls (PCSBs) was required to attain an adequate lifetime for such assemblies. To enhance the thermal fatigue endurance of the non-collapsible lead-free joints, a novel BGA joint consisting of Sn7In4.1Ag0.5Cu solder and PCSBs was developed. Moreover, this work proved that there is a relationship between the primary failure mechanisms of various Sn-based lead-free solders and thermomechanically induced stress level in the present non-collapsible BGA joint configuration.
The effect of the plating material of the solder lands on the failure mechanism of the BGA joints in the LTCC/PWB assemblies was studied. The results showed that the adverse phenomena related to the sintered Ag-based metallization materials can be avoided using electroless nickel with immersion gold (ENIG) as a deposit material. On the other hand, this study also demonstrated that the inadequate adhesion strength of the commercial base metallization in the ENIG-plated modules resulted in the disadvantageous failure mechanism of the test assemblies. Therefore, the criteria for material selection and the design aspects of reliable 2nd-level interconnections are discussed thoroughly in this thesis.
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Schulte, Paul. "Solgers Schönheitslehre im Zusammenhang des deutschen Idealismus Kant, Schiller, W. v. Humboldt, Schelling, Solger, Schleiermacher, Hegel /." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2001. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968641784.
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Cavalazzi, Gianmarco. "Fisica delle celle fotovoltaiche modelli e prospettive di ricerca." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24338/.
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La presente tesi costituisce un lavoro di rassegna sugli ultimi risultati e sulle prospettive di ricerca relative alle celle fotovoltaiche.
Dopo un’introduzione sulle proprietà di interesse della radiazione elettromagnetica e dello spettro solare, si illustrano i meccanismi fisici di interazione radiazione-materia alla base dell’effetto fotovoltaico. Si descrivono poi il principio di funzionamento e i parametri caratteristici delle celle fotovoltaiche, e si discutono alcune strategie adottate per migliorare l’efficienza di conversione dell’energia solare in energia elettrica. Si presentano infine alcune delle tecnologie e architetture più recenti di celle solari: le celle fotovoltaiche a perovskite e le celle fotovoltaiche tandem silicio-perovskite, che hanno dimostrato grandi potenzialità di miglioramento delle prestazioni e risultano particolarmente interessanti per le elevate efficienze raggiunte e i bassi costi di produzione.
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Schulte, Paul [Verfasser]. "Solgers Schönheitslehre im Zusammenhang des deutschen Idealismus : Kant, Schiller, W. v. Humboldt, Schelling, Solger, Schleiermacher, Hegel / Paul Schulte." Kassel : Kassel Univ. Press, 2001. http://d-nb.info/968641784/34.
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Wallraff, Martin. "Christus verus sol : Sonnenverehrung und Christentum in der Spätantike /." Münster : Aschendorff, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38927019j.
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Dvořák, Jaroslav. "Stanovení termonapětí pájených spojů realizovaných olovnatými a bezolovnatými pájkami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219362.
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This research work is dealing with impact and size of the thermoelectric that may influence DC circuits. Main part of this thesis is to build experimental equipment for measurement of the thermoelectric and following usage this equipment for detection of the size the thermoelectric voltage for lead and lead-free solders. The theoretical part of this work deals with creation and usage of the thermoelectric in electrical engineering industry. In this particular part of this work is an example how the thermoelectric influence DC circuits. Then I describe thermoelectric generation from the motherboard to the die. The practical part of this thesis is focused on the development of the equipment for measuring of the thermoelectric of different types of materials. The Thermoelectric has been measured on two types of the lead, six types lead-free solders and on four types of the thermocouple wires. It has been measured within the range from 0°C to 80°C. In the end of this work is summary, where is reviewed witch of solders is the best for an applications affected by the thermoelectric.
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Michalec, Juraj. "Aprotické gelové elektrolyty s tetraalkylamonnými solemi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399602.
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The essence of this graduate thesis is to summarize knowledge about the aprotic gel electrolytes. In the graduate thesis, there are explained methods for mensuration electrochemical properties of the aprotic gel electrolytes. In the theoretical part, I focus on the knowledge related to gel polymeric electrolytes, their history, properties, mechanisms and application. In the experimental part, I describe the preparation of the samples of the gel polymeric electrolytes, in which I evaluate their properties, electrical conductivity and potencial window.
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Barbieri, Davide. "Analisi delle prestazioni di pannelli solari." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/5825/.
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Valdinosi, Michele. "Celle solari ultra-sottili in silicio." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7666/.
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Con l’incremento della popolazione mondiale e la conseguente crescita del fabbisogno di energia dovuta a nuovi lavori e sempre più macchinari in circolazione, è insorta l'esigenza di produrre più energia elettrica.
A partire dagli anni ’50 numerosi scienziati hanno analizzato il problema energetico e sono giunti alla conclusione che fonti di energia come petrolio, carbone e gas non erano in grado di soddisfare il bisogno umano sul lungo termine e si è quindi passati alla ricerca di altre fonti di energia come il nucleare.
Oggi, grazie ad un progetto ed uno studio di circa 50 anni fa – finalizzato alla
alimentazione di satelliti geostazionari - , si sta sempre di più affermando la scelta
del fotovoltaico, in quanto rappresenta un’energia pulita e facilmente utilizzabile
anche nei luoghi dove non è possibile avere un allaccio alla normale rete elettrica.
La ricerca di questo nuovo metodo di produrre energia, che tratta la conversione
di luce solare in energia elettrica, si è evoluta, differenziando materiali e metodi di
fabbricazione delle celle fotovoltaiche, e quindi anche dei moduli fotovoltaici.
Con la crescente produzione di apparati elettronici si è arrivati però ad avere un nuovo
problema: il consumo sempre maggiore di silicio con un conseguente aumento di
prezzo.
Negli ultimi anni il prezzo del silicio è significativamente aumentato e questo va a
pesare sull’economia del pannello fotovoltaico, dato che questo materiale incide per il
40-50% sul costo di produzione.
Per questo motivo si sono voluti trovare altri materiali e metodi in grado di sostituire il
silicio per la costruzione di pannelli fotovoltaici, con il seguire di nuovi studi su
materiali e metodi di fabbricazione delle celle.
Ma data la conoscenza e lo studio dovuto ai vari utilizzi nell’elettronica del silicio, si è
anche studiato un metodo per ottenere una riduzione del silicio utilizzato, creando
wafer in silicio sempre più sottili, cercando di abbassare il rapporto costo-watt , in
grado di abbassare i costi di produzione e vendita.
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Legnani, Giacomo. "Evoluzione delle celle solari al silicio." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7795/.
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Negli ultimi anni si è assistito nel panorama mondiale ad un notevole ed importante cambiamento nell’asset della produzione dell’energia elettrica. L’aumentare del costo nell'estrazione dei combustibili fossili ed il conseguente impatto ambientale che questi hanno nell'atmosfera ha influito notevolmente sullo sviluppo e sulla diffusione della tecnologia fotovoltaica. L’evoluzione di questa tecnologia ha permesso di raggiungere la “grid parity”, ossia l’uguaglianza tra il costo di 1 kWh prodotto dal fotovoltaico con 1 kWh prodotto da fonti fossili, per molte aree del pianeta. Tale tecnologia non è recente, già negli anni ‘60 si svilupparono i primi studi a riguardo, ma negli ultimi anni ha subito notevoli migliorie che l’hanno portata ad essere competitiva nel settore dell’energia elettrica. Il presente lavoro di tesi riporta una rassegna delle celle solari a base di silicio, a partire dal silicio monocristallino, al silicio poli e multi cristallino, fino ad arrivare a celle a film sottile o celle costituite da materiali multi-fase contenenti strutture quantiche e nanocristalli di Si. Negli ultimi anni tutti gli studi si stanno concentrando su un nuovo tipo di fotovoltaico, quello di terza generazione, il cui scopo è quello di ottenere dispositivi che, ad un prezzo molto contenuto dovuto ad un utilizzo di materiali economici come i Si-NCs (nano cristalli di silicio), possano garantire elevate efficienze in modo tale che la tecnologia fotovoltaica sia in grado di affermarsi definitivamente nel settore dell’energia.
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Pelc, Miroslav. "Výzkum spolehlivosti bezolovnatých pájených spojů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219269.
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This work deals research of the reliability of leed-free solder joints. It summarizes the basic knowledge of lead-free solder alloys, soldering and testing process, the soldered joints. The work is done selecting the most important factors entering into the soldering process. The method of the DOE sought the optimal combination of factors, which would correspond to the highest quality solder joints.
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Huang, Zhiheng. "Materials issues in the transition to lead-free solder alloys and joint miniaturization." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25232.
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Within the context of the imminent implementation of the Pb-free soldering in Europe in 2006, this thesis addresses the gap in understanding that has emerged in the fundamental materials issues between well-understood and mature lead-containing solders and a plethora of new, Pb-free solders for which there are neither long term reliability data nor understanding of the materials behaviour and how these might be influenced by manufacture and in-service conditions. In addition, this thesis also addresses the question as to whether the solder joint size and geometry could become a reliability issue and therefore affect the implementation of the Pb-free solders in ultrafine micro joints. Thermodynamic calculations using MTDATA (developed by the National Physical Laboratory, NPL, UK) together with a thermodynamic database for solders under either equilibrium or Scheil conditions, have shown their usefulness in Pb-free solder design and processing, generating a wealth of information in respect of the temperature dependence of phase formation and composition. The predictions from MTDATA on a number of selected systems is generally in good agreement with the results from experimental work, and has assisted in the understanding of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Pb-free solders and the implications of their interactions with a tin-lead solder. However, further critical assessment and the addition of new elements into the solder database, such as Ni and P, are required to make MTDA TA a more effective computational tool to assist the optimization of processing parameters and cost-effective production in using Pb-free solders. Molten solder can interact with the under bump metallizations (UBM) and/or board level metallizations on either side of the solder bump to form intermetallic compounds (IMCs) during solder reflow. In the modelling of the kinetics of the dissolution process of UBM into the liquid solder, the commonly used NernstBrunner (N-B) equation is found to have poor validity for these calculations for micro joints at 100 μm in diameter or less. Three bumping techniques, i.e. solder dipping (SD), solder paste stencil printing followed by reflow (SPR) and electroplating of solders and subsequent reflow (EPR), are used to investigate the interfacial interactions of molten Sn/Sn-rich solders, i.e. pure Sn, Sn-3.5Ag, and Sn-3.8AgO.7Cu, on electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) and copper pads at 240°C. The resultant bulk and interfacial microstructures from a variety of pad sizes, ranging from 1 mm down to 25 μm, suggest that in general the small bumps contain smaller β-Sn dendrites and Ag₃Sn IMC particles, nevertheless the interfacial IMC is thicker in the smalI bumps than in the large bumps. In addition, one and two-dimensional combined thermodynamic and kinetic models have been developed to assist the understanding of the kinetics of interdiffusion and the formation of interfacial intermetallic compounds during reflow. Both the experimental results and theoretical predictions suggest that the solder bump size and geometry can influence the as-soldered microstructure, and therefore this factor should be taken into consideration for the design of future reliable ultrafine Ph-free solder joints.
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Rayet, Georges. "Mémoire sur les raies brillantes du spectre de l'atmosphère solaire et sur la constitution physique du Soleil." Paris : Bibliothèque universitaire Pierre et Marie Curie (BUPMC), 2009. http://jubil.upmc.fr/sdx/pl/toc.xsp?id=TH_000283_001&fmt=upmc&idtoc=TH_000283_001-pleadetoc&base=fa.
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Lui, Hoi Wai. "Experimental evaluation of board level solder joint reliability of plastic ball grid array assemblies with eutectic Pb-Sn and Pb-free solders /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202003%20LUI.
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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-114). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Vera, Fernand Toribio Soler Antonio Soler Antonio. "Selected harpsichord sonatas by Antonio Soler analysis and transcription for classical guitar duo /." connect to online resource, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9727.
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Sonata transposed to D minor. System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by 4 recitals, recorded Apr. 25, 2005, Sept. 26, 2005, Nov. 27, 2006, and Oct. 13, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).
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Berrens, Stephan. "Sonnenkult und Kaisertum von den Severen bis zu Constantin I (193-337 n. Ch.) /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40049926n.
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Boundja, Ndjondji Patrick Herve. "Integrazione pannelli solari fotovoltaici su facciate ventilate." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8607/.
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Kostečka, Jan. "Studium chování jaderného reaktoru chlazeného tekutými solemi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376901.
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The master ‘s thesis deals with the studying behavior of nuclear reactors cooled by liquid salts and with application of liquid salts for IV. Generation of nuclear reactors. For the use of liquid salts, it’s necessary to change the concept of the structure of nuclear reactors. There are new ways to use new fuel in a liquid state. Each salt compound or a set thereof is original in its nature. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a suitable compound for the purposes employed. These points are discussed in the theoretical part. The thesis examines particularly chloride salts, with which there is not much experience. The practical part monitors and verifies the nuclear properties of chloride salts, in our case it is a solid-state chloride sodium chloride’s compound. In addition to the experimental measurement, the MCNP simulation program is used also.
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Jurado, Leonor Stealey Josephine M. "Solely unrooted." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6712.
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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 19, 2010). Thesis advisor: Professor Josephine Stealey. Includes bibliographical references.
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Capdepón, Paulino. "Die Villancicos des Padre Antonio Soler (1729-1783) /." Frankfurt am Main ; Bern ; Paris : P. Lang, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356801826.
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Guo, Yang. "Etude du champ magnétique à trois dimensions de l'atmosphère solaire et de l'activité associée." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2011. https://hal.science/tel-02095127.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est l'étude de la configuration du champ magnétique dans les facules, les régions actives, les filaments ainsi que l'initiation des évènements solaires éruptifs, les éruptions et les éjections de masse coronale. Les observations obtenues pendant les campagnes internationales avec THEMIS, Hinode et d'autres instruments nous ont permis d'étudier la configuration magnétique des facules, filaments et régions actives. L'analyse polarimétrique des données vectorielles de champ magnétique a été faite en utilisant les codes UNNOFIT et MELANIE. Un des principaux résultats concernant les facules est la détection de tubes de flux verticaux évasés. Utilisant des données concernant des régions actives qui ont produit de larges éruptions nous avons pu reconstruire leur champ magnétique à trois dimensions en utilisant un code non linéaire d'extrapolation basé sur une méthode d'optimisation des forces et torques. Des tubes de flux twistés ont été détectés dans la reconstruction du champ, correspondant aux filaments observés. Des conditions sur le cisaillement du champ et la torsion des tubes ont été discutées dans l'optique de l'initiation et les développements des éruptionsThe objective of the thesis work is to study the magnetic field configuration for faculae, active regions, filaments and initiation of solar eruptive events, flares and CMEs. Data obtained coordinated campaigns with THEMIS, Hinode and other instruments have allowed us to study faculae, filaments and active regions. The polarimetry analysis of THEMIS/MTR and Hinode/SOT data gives consistent results using UNNOFIT or MELANIE inversion codes. It allows us to detect fine vertical flux tubes in faculae. Using active regions magnetic vector map as the boundary conditions, we constructed the 3 D magnetic field structure of active regions with a nonlinear force-free field optimization method. The force and torque in the observed vector fields have been minimized to construct a consistent bottom boundary condition for the nonlinear force-free field model. Twisted magnetic flux ropes along the polarity inversion line have been evidenced. Conditions related to shear and twist of flux ropes have been discussed in the frame of flare and eruption initiation and developement
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EGIDI, LORENZO. "Studio e sviluppo di sistemi solari a concentrazione." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245427.
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In questo lavoro, svolto durante i tre anni di dottorato, viene presentato lo studio dei sistemi fotovoltaici e termici a concentrazione. Nella prima parte della tesi, si sono messe a confronto gli effetti delle ottiche secondarie sulle prestazioni delle celle fotovoltaiche a tripla giunzione tramite un banco di prova indoor ed outdoor. Le celle fotovoltaiche utilizzate sono a tripla giunzione III-V di forma circolare con una superficie attiva di 4,15 mm2. Le celle fotovoltaiche 3J testate hanno differenti substrati, Insulated Metal Substrate (IMS) e Direct Bonded Copper (DBC). Le ottiche utilizzate sono costituite, da una lente Fresnel come ottica primaria, utilizzata solo nel banco outdoor, due ottiche secondarie rifrattive (RTP) realizzate in materiale dielettrico. La massima efficienza raggiunta durante i test è circa il 30%, nel banco indoor, e del 17% nel banco outdoor a causa della bassa efficienza della lente Fresnel. Inoltre, sono state monitorate le prestazioni di due impianti CPV da 3,5 kWp, in condizioni di funzionamento reali. Il rendimento elettrico ha fatto registrare un massimo pari al 31% ed una potenza pari a 2,7 kW. Inoltre si è valutato l’effetto dello sporco: una lente Fresnel pulita permette di produrre circa il 19% di potenza in più ed un’efficienza maggiore del 5%, a parità di DNI. Il sistema d’inseguimento, nel caso peggiore, ha commesso un errore pari a 0,26°, inferiore all’angolo di accettanza delle ottiche (0,4°). Contemporaneamente, è stata eseguita una campagna sperimentale su un sistema solare termico a concentrazione da 2,5 kWt. L’impianto ha fatto registrare una produzione massima giornaliera pari a 22,5 kWh con un’efficienza massima del 71,7%. Infine tramite un modello numerico, sviluppato per supportare la progettazione del prototipo, sono state simulate le prestazioni dell’impianto. I risultati ottenuti tramite il modello numerico sono in buono accordo con i dati ottenuti dalla campagna sperimentale.The paper presents the study of concentration photovoltaic and thermal system, carried out during the three years of Phd. The first part of thesis analyzes and compares the effects of the secondary optics on the performance of a triple junction solar cell. Are set up two bench test, an indoor bench test and an outdoor one. The cells are triple junction III-V and they have a circular shape with an active area of 4.15 mm2. In addition, two different solutions for the 3J cell receiver are tested, the Insulated Metal Substrate technology (IMS) and the Direct Bonded Copper (DBC). The optics consists of a primary Fresnel lens with constant pitch, used only with outdoor bench test, and a refractive secondary optic (RTP) made of dielectric material. Maximum efficiency achieved about 30% on indoor bench, and 17% in outdoor bench, mainly due to low Fresnel lens efficiency. During the research project monitoring the performance of two 3,5 kWp CPV devices under real outdoor operating conditions, took place. The overall AC electrical efficiency has a peak of 31% and the maximum electric production is 2.7 kW. The effect of lens fouling has a much higher impact: a clean lens allows to produce about 19% more power and efficiency increases by 5%, at equal solar irradiation. The tracking mechanism has proved, in the worst case, an inaccuracy of 0.26° which is lower than the acceptance angle of the optics (0.4°). Concurrently, an extensive test campaign has been carried out of a 2.5 kWt Concentrated Solar Thermal Power system. The experimental analysis allowed to prove that the overall plant performance and the optical efficiency were high. In particular, the daily energy production and the plant efficiency reached a peak value of about 22.5 kWh and 71.71%. The plant output has also been investigated using an analytical model previously developed to support the prototype design. In general, the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Mendes, João Batista. "Soleira elíptica-circular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-19082008-171341/.
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Este trabalho propõe uma soleira assimétrica elíptica-circular com apenas dois pontos de descontinuidade, com parâmetros geométrico associados à vazão específica de projeto, com possibilidade de padronização e cujas características hidráulicas (linha d´água, pressões, coeficiente de vazão) podem ser determinadas teoricamente. Um sistema de equações diferenciais parciais permite o desenvolvimento de um modelo computacional para determinação dos valores teóricos dessas características. A validação dos valores teóricos das características hidráulicas da soleira por um modelo computacional foi realizada com a confrontação desses mesmos valores obtidos em um modelo físico, permitindo a comparação de pressões, linha d´água, coeficiente de vazão e profundidade crítica.In this work is proposed an asymmetrical (elliptical-circular) weir with two points of discontinuity only, with geometrical parameters associated to the specific design discharge, allowing the standardization, and whose hydraulic characteristics (water profile, pressures and discharge coefficient) may be theoretically determinate. Their hydraulic characteristics, developed by a system of partial differential equations, system allowing the development of a computational model to determine the theoretical values of the weir hydraulic characteristics. The validation of these theoretical values of the weir hydraulic characteristics, obtained by a computational model, was made by the comparison between the values of water profile, pressures, discharge coefficient and critical depth obtained by the theoretical model and the values obtained by the physical model.
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Cline, John Michael. "A Solemn Assembly." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2005. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1012.
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A group of oil paintings completed in partial requirement of my MFA degree is discussed. The paintings are on wood panels and are the result of a combination of old master techniques of under-painting and glazing and more contemporary approaches to the painting process. Each painting represents a particular concept or event from Mormon theology; whereas, the pictorial structure is inspired by Medieval manuscript painting. Thus, this body of work is a synthesis between two worldviews existing centuries apart, yet sharing certain core values and beliefs.
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Arsenyan, Hayk Lecuona Réne. "Performance guide to three keyboard sonatas of Antonio Soler." Iowa City : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/332.
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Villar, Hevelyn Hilda Baer Barbosa. "Ordem e clareza formal em arquitetura." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164779.
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A observação minimamente atenta às cidades contemporâneas revela uma realidade desintegrada, turbulenta e caracterizada por ruídos ensurdecedores. Diante desse cenário, o arquiteto depara-se com excessiva liberdade projetual. A falta de critérios formais adequados e de um quadro de referência, estético e histórico, permitem-lhe criar a partir do nada, de uma folha em branco. Esse processo projetual tem resultado em objetos arbitrários, cujas formas aleatórias têm pouca, ou nenhuma, relação com arquitetura. A banalidade do processo projetual e a necessidade de se reestabelecerem bases sólidas na arquitetura motivam esta tese. Já observara Le Corbusier que a desordem causa inquietação do espírito. A impossibilidade de percepção visual da ordem reforça a crise disciplinar da arquitetura contemporânea. Desse modo, o objetivo primordial desta pesquisa é investigar, quanto à clareza formal, um critério de projeto capaz de contribuir para a percepção visual da ordem e para a identificação da formalidade. O trabalho estrutura-se a partir de princípios básicos de arquitetura: a forma compreendida como estrutura organizada, derivada de um sistema de relações entre as partes, e arquitetura definida como síntese das necessidades do programa, das sugestões do lugar e da disciplina da construção. Sobre estes dois conceitos, fundamenta-se a investigação dos critérios, das estruturas formais e dos aspectos projetuais que contribuem para a ordem e para a clareza formal. A análise bibliográfica e a observação de projetos de arquitetura auxiliaram na identificação de três critérios essenciais e complementares: universalidade, sistematicidade e tectonicidade. Obras dos arquitetos suíços modernos, Werner Frey e Jacques Schader, e do arquiteto espanhol contemporâneo, Javier García- Solera, ilustram e reforçam os princípios abordados pela pesquisa e colaboram na construção de repertório estético e histórico de projeto. Acredita-se que a identificação e a compreensão dos critérios de ordem e de clareza formais sejam fundamentais para a recuperação da capacidade intelectual e visual em arquitetura. Somente assim, dotado de juízo estético, o arquiteto conseguirá afastar-se da banalidade projetual contemporânea e produzir arquitetura coerente e dotada de identidade formal.The brief observa on of contemporary ci es reveals a disintegrated and disturbing reality, characterized by deafening noises. In this context, the architect possesses dispropor onate design freedom. The lack of appropriate formal criteria combined with the absence of an Aesthe c frame and historical reference allows him to create from “nothing” and start from a clean sheet of paper. This process of design has resulted in the concep on of arbitrary objects, where random forms have li le, (and some mes no rela onship with architecture. The banality of the design process and the necessity to reestablish solid founda ons for architecture mo vate this thesis. Le Corbusier had previously discussed that disorder causes the “uneasiness of the spirit”. The impossibility of visual percep on of the concept order reinforces the disciplinary crisis of contemporary architecture. Therefore, the primary objec ve of this research is the inves ga on of the quality defi ned as formal clarity, a design criteria capable of contribu ng to the visual percep on of order and the iden fi ca on of formality. This research is organized upon the basic principles of architecture. Form, understood as an organized structure derived from a system of rela ons between the parts and the whole. Architecture, defi ned as the formal synthesis of the program’s necessi es, the sugges ons of the place and discipline of construc on. These two concepts are fundamental in the inves ga on of formal structure and the design aspects that contribute to order and formal clarity. The bibliographic analysis and the observa on of architecture projects contributed to the iden fi ca on of three essen al and complementary criteria: Universality, systema city and tectonics. Architectural projects by the modern Swiss architects Werner Frey and Jacques Schader and the contemporary Spanish architect Javier García-Solera, illustrate and reinforce the principles addressed by the research and collaborate in the construc on of an aesthe c and historical repertoire of solu ons. The iden fi ca on and understanding of formal order and clarity are considered fundamental for the reestablishment of intellectual and visual capacity in architecture. Only thus, endowed with aesthe c judgment, will the architect be able to move away from contemporary design banality and produce coherent architecture with formal iden ty.
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Paško, Martin. "Analýza změn v pájených spojích vzniklých vlivem stárnutí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218867.
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These thesis deals with electromigration in solder joint. In theoretical part are described lead-free solders, surface finish, formation of solder joint, intermetallic compounds a electromigration. In practical part is investigated a effect of electromigration on growth intermetallic compounds in solder jsoint.
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Calderon, Jose Guadalupe. "A Study of the Processing Properties of Hard-Particle Reinforced Composite Solders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278000/.
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The microstructural, mechanical and thermal properties of various composite solder formulations were investigated. Special interest was given in observing the processing properties, microstructural characteristics, fatigue behavior, tensile strength, and the effect of environmental ageing on the composite solder formulations. The solderability parameters wetting and speed of soldering, reflow temperature, and the thermal stability of the resulting composite solder were also examined.
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Padovani, Lorenzo. "Progetto di sistema di pannelli solari dispiegabili per CubeSat." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
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Da una primissima fase di ricerca, svolta nel corso del tirocinio curricolare, è emerso che il mondo dei CubeSat, in particolare quelli destinati a missioni di osservazione terrestre, si trova difronte ad un passaggio evolutivo; nati con dimensioni ridottissime, i primi CubeSat erano di formato 1U, un cubo di 10 cm di lato, da cui il nome, sono cresciuti sia nelle dimensioni che nelle funzionalità.
La sempre crescente responsabilità affidata a questi picosatelliti li ha costretti a modificare l’aspetto esteriore e ad oggi il formato più utilizzato è il 3U.
Le continue richieste di maggior potenza disponibile a bordo, in particolare per i satelliti per osservazione, a causa del maggior numero di utenze e dell’aumento dei data rate di trasmissione dei dati, hanno spinto i CubeSat a una seconda evoluzione.
Lo scopo dell’elaborato è quello di progettare in modo dettagliato un sistema di pannelli solari dispiegabili che consenta di aumentare la superficie a disposizione delle celle solari per garantire potenze disponibili superiori. Il progetto descritto nell’elaborato tiene conto anche della quasi totale assenza di attuatori su questi satelliti, realizzando il tutto in modo passivo.
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Centoscudi, Nicola. "Studio e progettazione di pannelli solari dispiegabili per Cubesat." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22118/.
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Tsagarakis, Mikis. "Project Solaris - Analysis of airfoil for solar powered flying wing UAV." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-13168.
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This study is part of the second phase of the Solaris project, where the aim is to develop a solar powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The second phase involves the design and optimization of the aircraft. One of the important focuses in this phase is the determination of the airfoils shape. This report sole objective is to determine which airfoil that is best suited for the aircraft, as well as presenting the airfoils characteristic properties, in comparison to other similarly airfoils.This analysis has been carried out using XFOIL, an airfoil analysis tool developed by the MIT professor Mark Drela. What has been done in this report: Comparison between a number of potential airfoils. Determination of the winner airfoil. Comparison between the winner airfoil and a conventional (non-reflexed trailing edge) airfoil. Calculation of the hinge moments on the winner airfoil for different flap settings. Winner airfoil: The Phoenix (Phönix) turned out to be the best airfoil in the comparison, closely followed by the S5020 and the S5010. Phoenix had the highest value of the parameter sought to optimize, which is endurance (CL 3/2/ CD). Phoenix maximum endurance (CL 3/2/ CD) for five different Reynold numbers: Re Endurance 400.000 85,64 300.000 78,26 200.000 67,74 100.000 49,47 50.000 25,52 Phoenix geometry: Maximum thickness (in percentage of chord): 8,194% Maximum camber (in percentage of chord): 2,774%Den här rapporten är en del i den andra fasen av Solaris-projektet, där målet är att utveckla en solcellsdriven obemannad flygande farkost (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV). Den andra fasen omfattar konstruktionen och optimeringen av farkosten (flygplanet). En av de viktigaste byggstenarna i den här fasen är fastställandet av vingprofilens form och design, det vill säga valet av vingprofil. Målet med den här rapporten är att helt och hållet bestämma vilken vingprofil som ska användas på flygplanet, samt en presentation av dess karakteristiska egenskaper. Detta har gjorts i jämförelse med andra liknande vingprofiler. Verktyget som använts för denna jämförelse heter XFOIL. Programmet är utvecklat av professor Mark Drela på MIT i USA, och är gjort för analysering av vingprofiler. Det här har gjorts i rapporten: Jämförelse mellan en mängd olika potentiella vingprofiler. En vinnarprofil har valts ut. Jämförelse mellan vinnarprofilen och en vanlig (non-reflexed trailing edge) vingprofil. Beräkning av de moment som krävs för att styra klaffar och roder. Vinnarprofilen: I jämförelsen visade det sig att Phoenix var den bästa vingprofilen, tätt följt av S5020 och S5010. Phoenix hade det högsta och bäst värdet i den eftersökta parametern ”endurance” (CL 3/2/ CD). Phoenix maximum endurance (CL 3/2/ CD) för fem olika Reynoldstal: Re Endurance 400.000 85,64 300.000 78,26 200.000 67,74 100.000 49,47 50.000 25,52 Phoenix geometri: Maximal tjocklek (i procent av kordan): 8,194% Maximal välvning (i procent av kordan): 2,774%
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Lefebvre, Sandrine. "Déformées solaires : diamètre et structure interne : simulations en vue d'intercomparer les données sol et espace." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4058.
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Les objectifs de cette thèse sont, tout d’abord, de faire un état des lieux des observations au sol des variations du diamètre solaire, non seulement temporelles mais aussi latitudinales. Ces dernières variations, ou déformées, traduisent en surface les propriétés physiques sous-jacentes (cisaillement, frottement). La qualité des mesures sol dépend de l’état de la turbulence atmosphérique, qui affecte la précision. Aussi notre équipe s’est-elle engagée dans la construction d’un microsatellite, PICARD, dont l’un des objectifs est la mesure spatiale de ces déformées. Pour préparer cette mission, il convient de créer les algorithmes de traitement de données nécessaires au haut degré de précision requis. Les mesures du diamètre solaire étant photométriques, toute contamination du limbe solaire due à la présence de phénomènes magnétiques tels que taches ou facules de surface jouent sur la précision des mesures. Mon travail a consisté à établir un algorithme de détection automatique de ces phénomènes au bord solaire, algorithme qui sera ensuite introduit dans le futur traitement des données PICARD. Afin de pouvoir établir cet algorithme, une instrumentation spécifique, MIRESOL, a été mise en place. Parallèlement, afin d’expliquer physiquement les déformées solaires, j’ai établi une nouvelle théorie, basée sur le vent thermique. Enfin, un dernier chapitre expose des calculs préliminaires concernant les relations possibles entre les variations du diamètre solaire et de la température globale de la Terre. Nous montrons qu’il existe sans doute un lien passant par les variations de luminosité di SoleilThe objectives of this thesis are, first of all, to make an inventory of ground-based observations of the solar diameter variations, not only temporal but also latitudinal. These last variations reflect surface distortions which are induced by the underlying physical properties (shearing, friction). The quality of ground-based measurements depends on the state of the atmospheric turbulence, which affects the precision. Our team is thus engaged in the construction of a microsatellite, PICARD, of which one of its main objectives is the data analysis algorithms that are necessary to achieve the required high degree of precision. The solar diameter measurements being photometric, any contamination of the solar limb due to the presence of surface magnetic phenomena, such as spots or faculae, affects the precision of the measurements. My work consisted in establishing an algorithm for an automatic control of these phenomena at the solar edge, algorithm which will be then introduced into the future PICARD Date processing. In order to establish this algorithm, a specific and versatile instrumentation, MIRESOL, has been developed. In parallel, in order to physically explain the solar distortions, I established a new theory, based on the thermal wind. Lastly, a final chapter exposes preliminary calculations concerning the possible links between the variations of the solar diameter and the global temperature of the Earth. We show that there is undoubtedly a connection which is through the luminosity variations of the Sun
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Aiouaz, Tayeb. "Etude de la structure du résau chromosphérique solaire dans la région de transition, de sa relation avec le champ magnétique et son expansion dans la couronne." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112029.
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Le champ magnétique dans le chromosphére solaire est concentré le long du réseau supergranulaire. A partir dece réseau des entonnoirs magnétiques émergent, et se dilatent rapidement à travers la région de transition pour finalement remplir entièrement la couronne. Dans ce contexte, nous avons examiné les propriétés des profils d’émission des raies issues de la couronne solaire acquises par le spectromètre UV SUMER à bord du satellite SOHO. Nous avons établi que le maximum de flux sortant au niveau de la basse couronne n’apparait pas au centre du réseau chromosphérique mais plutôt près de ses frontières. En outre le maximum du flux sortant semble apparaître dans les régions sombres de l’intensité des raies issues de la couronne. Dans les régions de très basses intensités, les corrélations semblent indiquer un manque d’énergie pour accélérer le plasma ou pour produire un quelconque rayonnement discernable. L’absence de concentration du champ magnétique dans ces régions semble confirmer ce manque d’´energie. Pour étudier les propriétés des tels entonnoirs magnétiques et le rôle du chauffage coronal, nous avons mis au point et utilisé le premier modèle magnétohydrodynamique à deux dimensions incluant l’atmosphère solaire de la chromosphère à la couronne. Les résultats indiquent, en outre, que le maximum du flux sortant ne se trouve pas au centre même de l’entonnoir magnétique mais plutot à proximité du centre. Ces résultats dépendent de la fonction de chauffage coronal utilisé. Ce modéle relie donc directement pour la premièrefois la forme de la fonction de chauffage aux propriétés thermodynamiques et spectrales du plasmaThe magnetic field in the quiet solar chromosphere is concentrated along the lanes of the super-granular network. From this chromospheric network magnetic funnels emerge, and rapidly expand with height through the transition region and finally fill the wholecorona. In this context We examined properties of line profiles from the solar corona acquired with the UV spectrometer SUMER on board SOHO. We establish that the maximum outflow at low corona temperatures does not appear in the centre of the network but rather near network boundaries. Furthermore the maximum blue-shift seems to appear in the dark regions in line intensity from the corona. For very low intensities, correlations reveals a lack of energy to either accelerate the plasma or produce any detectable radiation. The absence of magnetic field concentration in these regions seems to confirm the lack of energy. To study the properties of such magnetic funnels and the role of the coronal heating, we employed a new 2D MHD time dependent model including the solar atmosphere all the way from the chromosphere to the corona. These results indicate that the maximumoutflow is not to be found in the very center of the funnel but in the vicinity of the center for one of the heating function, this is not thecase of the second. The model directly relate for the first time the form of the heating function to the thermodynamic and spectral properties of the plasma in a funnel
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Taylor, Glen. "Yahweh and the Sun : biblical and archaeological evidence for sun worship in ancient Israel /." Sheffield : Sheffield Academic Press, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356280593.
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au, jiangwu@central murdoch edu, and Jiang Wu. "Transformation of Rhizoctonia solani." Murdoch University, 2003. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050728.141653.
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The aim of this study was to develop a genetic transformation system for the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani (teliomorph, Thanatephprus cucumeris Frank [Donk]). The availability of a transformation system would allow us to study gene exchange, epidemiology, and to use techniques such as gene disruption or gene silencing to investigate the role of fungal enzymes in pathogenesis.
The approach adopted was to use Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transform the fungus as reports in the literature suggested that this was the most efficient and easiest method to use. As a preliminary test, Fusarium oxysporum was transformed using a binary vector (pBINAN) containing a hygromycin resistance gene under control of an ascomycete promoter and terminator. Hygromycin resistant transformants were obtained after co-incubation of fungal conidia with the bacterium. The presence of the transgene was confirmed by analysis of DNA. The number of transformants depended on the genetic background of the A tumefaciens. Strains AGLO or AGRO gave higher numbers of transformants compared to LBA4404. No transformants were obtained when the hygromycin gene was under control of a basidiomycete (pBINHL1), or a plant (CaMV35S) promoter. Since the basidiomycete promoter used in pBINHL1 originates from Ustilago maydis, the vector was tested by transformation of Ustilago cynodontis. Stable transformants of U cynodontis were obtained with this vector.
A series of experiments were carried out on transformation of R. solani mycelium. Both the protoplast and the Agrobacterium transformation methods were tested. Parameters affecting protoplast production and regeneration were examined. Protoplast production varied with the age of the mycelium, with the osmotic stabilizer used, and with time of treatment with protoplasting enzymes. Regeneration of protoplasts was also affected by the osmotic stabilizer and the growth medium. Transformation of several isolates from different anastomosis groups (AG) was attempted by inducing protoplasts to take up DNA using polyethyleneglycol. Two plasmids were used; (1) pAN7-1 containing the resistance gene under control of an ascomycete promoter, and (2) pHL-1 in which the resistance gene is under control of a basidiomycete promoter. No transformants were obtained.
Attempts were then made to transform mycelium and protoplasts using A tumefaciens. The experiments used both mycelium and protoplasts as the recipient. A number of small resistant colonies were obtained using binary plasmid (pBINHL1) in which mycelium was transformed with the resistance gene was driven by the basidiomycete promoter. On transfer to fresh medium these colonies would grow to about 2cm diameter, and then stop growing. On a second transfer to fresh medium they failed to show any growth. No resistant colonies were obtained from A. tumefaciens transformation of protoplasts.
To improve transformation efficiency, a vector was constructed in which the hygromycin resistance gene was fused to an R solani laccase promoter sequence. No resistant colonies were obtained using this vector. Further experiments were carried out using a hygromycin resistance gene specially modified for expression in basidiomycetes by the insertion of artificial introns in the 5 and 3 untranslated regions, and a number of AT to CG conversions in the coding region. Most of the recipient isolates gave transformants with the unstable resistance phenotype. However, one AG 6 isolate gave transformants with a stable resistance phenotype. Of six transformants recovered from this isolate, five were shown by PCR and southern blotting to contain the transgene. In four of these transformants the resistance phenotype was stable in the absence of selection.
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Weller, Sean David Tomey. "Lead-free solder technology." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5575/.
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Aerospace applications typically require electronic products with not only higher levels of reliability than the consumer electronics industry but also longer service lives within demanding working environments. The transition will inevitably mean changes to design and manufacturing procedures, which is likely to incur a significant cost to the business. For example, the best candidate Pb-free solder alloys have been shown to require higher soldering temperatures and have higher surface tensions. Moreover, a reduction in product safety and reliability is not acceptable to the industry. This present work is divided into three sections. Firstly, the effect of increased component soldering temperatures on the integrity of the epoxy laminate material used for manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCB) has been assessed. Secondly, the required changes in soldering process parameters have been investigated for a range of solders and PCB finishes, largely due to the different wetting characteristics brought about by the increased surface tension of the Pb-free solders. Thirdly, the reliability of SnAgCu solder is assessed in comparison to the currently utilised SnPbAg solder alloy. This has been achieved firstly by accelerated thermal cycling, as the dominant mode of failure in a solder joint is typically thermo-mechanical fatigue and as such is already well researched. In addition, the mechanical fatigue properties have been assessed using a novel accelerated vibration test method and then finally, the two individual accelerated environmental tests of thermal cycling and vibration have been combined in a novel way to assess whether the combination is especially dangerous for SnAgCu solder reliability. A secondary objective of the combined environment test was to see if the well established thermal cycling test method for demonstration of product reliability can be further accelerated while still producing solder joint failure representative of those in-service. The present work shows that SnAgCu solder has inferior thermo-mechanical and mechanical fatigue life to SnPbAg solder. A combined environment test has been developed which effectively combines the single environments of thermal and vibration. The combination of thermal cycling with superimposed vibration is especially dangerous for SnAgCu solder, where an 89% reduction in the characteristic life is observed when compared to the equivalent thermal cycling characteristic life. It is suspected that a large reduction in life will be observed in SnPbAg solder, but not as pronounced as SnAgCu due to SnPbAg solders ability to better withstand plastic deformation that is induced by thermal cycling.
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Hannoun, Patricia. "Soleil et cancers cutanés." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P052.
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Castellani, Corine. "Soleil et cancers cutanés." Aix-Marseille 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX22500.
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Savini, Valeria. "Solidi platonici e archimedei." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2822/.
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Wu, Jiang. "Transformation of Rhizoctonia solani." Thesis, Wu, Jiang (2003) Transformation of Rhizoctonia solani. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/417/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to develop a genetic transformation system for the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani (teliomorph, Thanatephprus cucumeris Frank [Donk]). The availability of a transformation system would allow us to study gene exchange, epidemiology, and to use techniques such as gene disruption or gene silencing to investigate the role of fungal enzymes in pathogenesis.
The approach adopted was to use Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transform the fungus as reports in the literature suggested that this was the most efficient and easiest method to use. As a preliminary test, Fusarium oxysporum was transformed using a binary vector (pBINAN) containing a hygromycin resistance gene under control of an ascomycete promoter and terminator. Hygromycin resistant transformants were obtained after co-incubation of fungal conidia with the bacterium. The presence of the transgene was confirmed by analysis of DNA. The number of transformants depended on the genetic background of the A tumefaciens. Strains AGLO or AGRO gave higher numbers of transformants compared to LBA4404. No transformants were obtained when the hygromycin gene was under control of a basidiomycete (pBINHL1), or a plant (CaMV35S) promoter. Since the basidiomycete promoter used in pBINHL1 originates from Ustilago maydis, the vector was tested by transformation of Ustilago cynodontis. Stable transformants of U cynodontis were obtained with this vector.
A series of experiments were carried out on transformation of R. solani mycelium. Both the protoplast and the Agrobacterium transformation methods were tested. Parameters affecting protoplast production and regeneration were examined. Protoplast production varied with the age of the mycelium, with the osmotic stabilizer used, and with time of treatment with protoplasting enzymes. Regeneration of protoplasts was also affected by the osmotic stabilizer and the growth medium. Transformation of several isolates from different anastomosis groups (AG) was attempted by inducing protoplasts to take up DNA using polyethyleneglycol. Two plasmids were used; (1) pAN7-1 containing the resistance gene under control of an ascomycete promoter, and (2) pHL-1 in which the resistance gene is under control of a basidiomycete promoter. No transformants were obtained.
Attempts were then made to transform mycelium and protoplasts using A tumefaciens. The experiments used both mycelium and protoplasts as the recipient. A number of small resistant colonies were obtained using binary plasmid (pBINHL1) in which mycelium was transformed with the resistance gene was driven by the basidiomycete promoter. On transfer to fresh medium these colonies would grow to about 2cm diameter, and then stop growing. On a second transfer to fresh medium they failed to show any growth. No resistant colonies were obtained from A. tumefaciens transformation of protoplasts.
To improve transformation efficiency, a vector was constructed in which the hygromycin resistance gene was fused to an R solani laccase promoter sequence. No resistant colonies were obtained using this vector. Further experiments were carried out using a hygromycin resistance gene specially modified for expression in basidiomycetes by the insertion of artificial introns in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions, and a number of AT to CG conversions in the coding region. Most of the recipient isolates gave transformants with the unstable resistance phenotype. However, one AG 6 isolate gave transformants with a stable resistance phenotype. Of six transformants recovered from this isolate, five were shown by PCR and southern blotting to contain the transgene. In four of these transformants the resistance phenotype was stable in the absence of selection.
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Wu, Jiang. "Transformation of Rhizoctonia solani." Wu, Jiang (2003) Transformation of Rhizoctonia solani. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2003. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/417/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to develop a genetic transformation system for the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani (teliomorph, Thanatephprus cucumeris Frank [Donk]). The availability of a transformation system would allow us to study gene exchange, epidemiology, and to use techniques such as gene disruption or gene silencing to investigate the role of fungal enzymes in pathogenesis.
The approach adopted was to use Agrobacterium tumefaciens to transform the fungus as reports in the literature suggested that this was the most efficient and easiest method to use. As a preliminary test, Fusarium oxysporum was transformed using a binary vector (pBINAN) containing a hygromycin resistance gene under control of an ascomycete promoter and terminator. Hygromycin resistant transformants were obtained after co-incubation of fungal conidia with the bacterium. The presence of the transgene was confirmed by analysis of DNA. The number of transformants depended on the genetic background of the A tumefaciens. Strains AGLO or AGRO gave higher numbers of transformants compared to LBA4404. No transformants were obtained when the hygromycin gene was under control of a basidiomycete (pBINHL1), or a plant (CaMV35S) promoter. Since the basidiomycete promoter used in pBINHL1 originates from Ustilago maydis, the vector was tested by transformation of Ustilago cynodontis. Stable transformants of U cynodontis were obtained with this vector.
A series of experiments were carried out on transformation of R. solani mycelium. Both the protoplast and the Agrobacterium transformation methods were tested. Parameters affecting protoplast production and regeneration were examined. Protoplast production varied with the age of the mycelium, with the osmotic stabilizer used, and with time of treatment with protoplasting enzymes. Regeneration of protoplasts was also affected by the osmotic stabilizer and the growth medium. Transformation of several isolates from different anastomosis groups (AG) was attempted by inducing protoplasts to take up DNA using polyethyleneglycol. Two plasmids were used; (1) pAN7-1 containing the resistance gene under control of an ascomycete promoter, and (2) pHL-1 in which the resistance gene is under control of a basidiomycete promoter. No transformants were obtained.
Attempts were then made to transform mycelium and protoplasts using A tumefaciens. The experiments used both mycelium and protoplasts as the recipient. A number of small resistant colonies were obtained using binary plasmid (pBINHL1) in which mycelium was transformed with the resistance gene was driven by the basidiomycete promoter. On transfer to fresh medium these colonies would grow to about 2cm diameter, and then stop growing. On a second transfer to fresh medium they failed to show any growth. No resistant colonies were obtained from A. tumefaciens transformation of protoplasts.
To improve transformation efficiency, a vector was constructed in which the hygromycin resistance gene was fused to an R solani laccase promoter sequence. No resistant colonies were obtained using this vector. Further experiments were carried out using a hygromycin resistance gene specially modified for expression in basidiomycetes by the insertion of artificial introns in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions, and a number of AT to CG conversions in the coding region. Most of the recipient isolates gave transformants with the unstable resistance phenotype. However, one AG 6 isolate gave transformants with a stable resistance phenotype. Of six transformants recovered from this isolate, five were shown by PCR and southern blotting to contain the transgene. In four of these transformants the resistance phenotype was stable in the absence of selection.
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Abreu, Ticiana Monteiro. "Lectina da alga marinha vermelha Solieria filiformis (Kützing) P.W. Gabrielson: caracterização parcial e efeito antidepressivo em modelos experimentais de depressão." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18930.
Full textAbstract:
ABREU, Ticiana Monteiro. Lectina da alga marinha vermelha Solieria filiformis (Kützing) P.W. Gabrielson: caracterização parcial e efeito antidepressivo em modelos experimentais de depressão. 2016. 132 f. Tese (Doutorado em Bioquímica)-Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2016.Submitted by Aline Mendes (alinemendes.ufc@gmail.com) on 2016-08-04T17:40:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_tese_tmabreu.pdf: 5468418 bytes, checksum: 6bc3e1f1372dd268934eff62728dcfcd (MD5)
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Lectins are proteins that bind to specific mono or oligosaccharides. This interaction with carbohydrates makes of the lectins valuable tools for biotechnological applicattions. The aim of this study was, therefore, to partially characterize the red alga marine Solieria filiformis lectin (SfL) and investigate its effect in depression experimental models. The SfL was isolated by extraction with Tris-HCl buffer 25 mM (pH 7,5), precipitation with ammonium sulfate (70%) and chromatographies in DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 matrices. Subsequently, was characterized by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, followed by evaluation of its effect in the central nervous system, using behavioral tests for screening of anxiolytic and antidepressant agents, such as the open field, elevated plus maze, hole-board, tail suspension and forced swimming tests. For these tests, male Swiss mice (n = 6-10) were pretreated with SfL (1, 3 or 9 mg/kg; iv.). Since the SfL showed significant antidepressant effect, it was evaluated the monoaminergic system involvement in this effect, and, for this, forced swimming tests were performed, using specific antagonists. Posteriorly, it was analyzed the SfL effect (9 mg/kg; iv.) in depression model induced by administration of the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS – 0,5 mg/kg; i.p.), through prevention and reversion protocols. Finally, the SfL antioxidant capacity was evaluated, through lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitrite dosages in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the mice. As experiments positive controls, imipramine (10 or 30 mg/kg; ip.), bupropion (30 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (35 mg/kg) were used. As result, the CD analysis revealed that the SfL is composed, predominantly, by β-sheet, and the behavioral screening showed that the SfL has antidepressant-like effect, without psychostimulant and anxiolytic effects. Its action mechanism in the depression seems to involve the dopaminergic system and its ability to contain the oxidative stress in the analyzed brain areas. Additionally, the SfL was able to prevent and reverse the behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by LPS, confirming, thus, its potential antidepressant. Like this, this study suggests that, in depression experimental models, the SfL has antidepressant-like effect, and may, therefore, to represent a potential therapeutic agent for the depression treatment.
Lectinas são proteínas que se ligam a mono ou oligossacarídeos específicos. Essa interação com carboidratos faz das lectinas valiosas ferramentas para aplicações biotecnológicas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi, portanto, caracterizar parcialmente a lectina da alga marinha vermelha Solieria filiformis (LSf) e investigar o seu efeito em modelos experimentais de depressão. A LSf foi isolada por extração com tampão Tris-HCl 25mM, pH 7,5, precipitação com sulfato de amônio (70%) e cromatografias sequenciais em matrizes de DEAE-celulose e Sephadex G-100. Posteriormente, foi caracterizada por espectroscopia de dicroísmo circular (DC), seguida da avaliação de seu efeito no sistema nervoso central, utilizando testes comportamentais para a triagem de agentes ansiolíticos e antidepressivos, tais como os testes do campo aberto, do labirinto em cruz elevado, da placa perfurada, de suspensão de cauda e do nado forçado. Para esses testes, camundongos Swiss machos (n = 6-10) foram pré-tratados com a LSf (1, 3 ou 9 mg/kg; iv.). Uma vez que a LSf apresentou efeito antidepressivo relevante, avaliou-se o envolvimento do sistema monoaminérgico nesse efeito, e, para isso, foram realizados testes do nado forçado, utilizando antagonistas específicos. Posteriormente, analisou-se o efeito da LSf (9 mg/kg; iv.) em modelo de depressão induzida pela administração do lipopolissacarídeo de Escherichia coli (LPS – 0,5 mg/kg; ip.), através de protocolos de prevenção e reversão. Por fim, a capacidade antioxidante da LSf foi avaliada através das dosagens de peroxidação lipídica, glutationa reduzida (GSH) e nitrito no córtex pré-frontal, hipocampo e corpo estriado dos camundongos. Como controles positivos dos experimentos, foram utilizados imipramina (10 ou 30 mg/kg; ip.), bupropiona (30 mg/kg; ip.) e fluoxetina (35 mg/kg; ip.). Como resultados, a análise por DC revelou que a LSf é composta, predominantemente, por folhas-β, e a triagem comportamental mostrou que LSf possui efeito antidepressivo-símile, sem efeitos psicoestimulante e ansiolítico. Seu mecanismo de ação na depressão parece envolver o sistema dopaminérgico e a sua capacidade de conter o estresse oxidativo nas áreas cerebrais analisadas. Adicionalmente, a LSf foi capaz de prevenir e reverter as alterações comportamentais e neuroquímicas induzidas pelo LPS, confirmando, assim, o seu potencial antidepressivo. Assim, o presente trabalho sugere que, em modelos experimentais de depressão, a LSf possui efeito antidepressivo-símile, podendo, portanto, representar um potencial agente terapêutico para o tratamento da depressão.