Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solar UV radiation'
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Bennet, Francesca Chemical Sciences & Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Studying polymer degradation at a molecular level via soft ionisation mass spectrometry." Publisher:University of New South Wales, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43692.
Full textLake, Nicholas Charles Hermon. "Effects of solar ultraviolet radiation on fish with particular respect to the culture of turbot and gilthead bream." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/854.
Full textAcosta, Luis Roberto. "The attenuation of biologically active solar radiation (UV-B) in Mexico City environment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21677.pdf.
Full textCorrêa, Fábio Henrique Pires [UNESP]. "Estimativa das radiações ultravioleta (UV), fotossintéticamente ativa (PAR) e infravermelha (IV) em função da razão de insolação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86481.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O trabalho descreve a análise da transmissividade atmosférica da média mensal das radiações Global K T), Ultravioleta K TUV F t i tetic me te Ati K TPAR e I f e me h K TIV) em função da razão de insolação N ). As equações de estimativas das frações KT, KTUV, KTPAR e KTIV em função de (n/N) foram apresentadas e discutidas para os agrupamentos dos dados anual, sazonal e mensal. A base de dados das radiações Global (G), Ultravioleta (UV), Fotossinteticamente Ativa (PAR), Infravermelha (IV) e o número de horas de brilho solar (n) foram medidas no período de 2001 a 2005 em Botucatu/SP/Brasil. Os resultados da análise mostram que existe uma correlação entre a transmissividade atmosférica KT, KTUV, KTPAR e KTIV, com a razão de insolação (n/N), em Botucatu. Os valores de KT, KTUV, KTPAR e KTIV e insolação (n/N) foram menores na estação chuvosa (alta concentração de nuvens e vapor d'ág e m i e t ec b ix c ce t de e e p d’ ág e t concentração de aerossóis). Os valores de KT variaram de 47,1% em janeiro a 60,4% em abril, com média de 55,0%; para KTUV 3,66% em janeiro a 4,13% em setembro, com média de 40,0%; KTPAR de 60,7% em janeiro a 76,3% em abril, com média de 69,0%; KTIV de 38,8% para 75,1% com média de 46,2%. O valor da razão de insolação variou de 38,8% em janeiro para 75,0% em agosto, com uma média de 58,0%. Os resultados obtidos com os modelos de estimativas de Angström mostram que as correlações de KT, KTUV, KTPAR e KTIV em função da razão de insolação (n/N) para agrupamentos total dos dados diários (anual) se ajustaram a dois tipos de equações de regressão: linear e parabólico com coeficientes de correlações R2 variando entre 0,750 a 0,880. Na validação do modelo linear...
The paper deals with the atmospheric transmission (solar fractions Ki) in monthly scale by hi e ti g b K T t i et K TUV), photosynthetically active K TPAR d i f ed K TIR) solar fractions. Estimated equations KT, KTUV, KTPAR and KTIR as a function of n/N were presented and discussed for the annual, seasonal and monthly solar radiation database. The sunshine values and the global (G), ultraviolet (UV), photosynthetically active (PAR) and infrared (IR) radiations database was measured in the period of 2001 to 2005 in Botucatu – SP – Brazil. The results of climate analysis show a correlation between the solar fractions KT, KTUV, KTPAR and KTIR with the relative sunshine duration (n/N) in Botucatu. The values of KT, KTUV, KTPAR and KTIR and relative sunshine duration (n/N) were lower in the rainy season (high concentration of clouds and water vapor) and higher in the dry season (low concentration of clouds and water vapor and high concentration of aerosols). The KT values ranged from 47,1% in January to 60,4% in April, with a mean of 55,0%; KUV from 3,66% in January to 4,13% in September, with a mean of 40,0%; KPAR from 60,7% in January to 76,3% in April, with a mean of 69,0%; KIR from 38,8% to 75,1%, with a mean of 46,2%. The relative sunshine duration values ranged from 38,8% in January to 75,0% in August, with a mean of 58,0%. The results of the annual estimated models show that the KT, KTUV, KTPAR and KTIR correlations due to relative sunshine duration fitted to the linear and parabolic correlation equations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Corrêa, Fábio Henrique Pires 1985. "Estimativa das radiações ultravioleta (UV), fotossintéticamente ativa (PAR) e infravermelha (IV) em função da razão de insolação /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86481.
Full textBanca: Dinival Martins
Banca: Alexandre Dal Pai
Resumo: O trabalho descreve a análise da transmissividade atmosférica da média mensal das radiações Global K T), Ultravioleta K TUV F t i tetic me te Ati K TPAR e I f e me h K TIV) em função da razão de insolação N ). As equações de estimativas das frações KT, KTUV, KTPAR e KTIV em função de (n/N) foram apresentadas e discutidas para os agrupamentos dos dados anual, sazonal e mensal. A base de dados das radiações Global (G), Ultravioleta (UV), Fotossinteticamente Ativa (PAR), Infravermelha (IV) e o número de horas de brilho solar (n) foram medidas no período de 2001 a 2005 em Botucatu/SP/Brasil. Os resultados da análise mostram que existe uma correlação entre a transmissividade atmosférica KT, KTUV, KTPAR e KTIV, com a razão de insolação (n/N), em Botucatu. Os valores de KT, KTUV, KTPAR e KTIV e insolação (n/N) foram menores na estação chuvosa (alta concentração de nuvens e vapor d'ág e m i e t ec b ix c ce t de e e p d' ág e t concentração de aerossóis). Os valores de KT variaram de 47,1% em janeiro a 60,4% em abril, com média de 55,0%; para KTUV 3,66% em janeiro a 4,13% em setembro, com média de 40,0%; KTPAR de 60,7% em janeiro a 76,3% em abril, com média de 69,0%; KTIV de 38,8% para 75,1% com média de 46,2%. O valor da razão de insolação variou de 38,8% em janeiro para 75,0% em agosto, com uma média de 58,0%. Os resultados obtidos com os modelos de estimativas de Angström mostram que as correlações de KT, KTUV, KTPAR e KTIV em função da razão de insolação (n/N) para agrupamentos total dos dados diários (anual) se ajustaram a dois tipos de equações de regressão: linear e parabólico com coeficientes de correlações R2 variando entre 0,750 a 0,880. Na validação do modelo linear... (Resumo completo, clicar aesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The paper deals with the atmospheric transmission (solar fractions Ki) in monthly scale by hi e ti g b K T t i et K TUV), photosynthetically active K TPAR d i f ed K TIR) solar fractions. Estimated equations KT, KTUV, KTPAR and KTIR as a function of n/N were presented and discussed for the annual, seasonal and monthly solar radiation database. The sunshine values and the global (G), ultraviolet (UV), photosynthetically active (PAR) and infrared (IR) radiations database was measured in the period of 2001 to 2005 in Botucatu - SP - Brazil. The results of climate analysis show a correlation between the solar fractions KT, KTUV, KTPAR and KTIR with the relative sunshine duration (n/N) in Botucatu. The values of KT, KTUV, KTPAR and KTIR and relative sunshine duration (n/N) were lower in the rainy season (high concentration of clouds and water vapor) and higher in the dry season (low concentration of clouds and water vapor and high concentration of aerosols). The KT values ranged from 47,1% in January to 60,4% in April, with a mean of 55,0%; KUV from 3,66% in January to 4,13% in September, with a mean of 40,0%; KPAR from 60,7% in January to 76,3% in April, with a mean of 69,0%; KIR from 38,8% to 75,1%, with a mean of 46,2%. The relative sunshine duration values ranged from 38,8% in January to 75,0% in August, with a mean of 58,0%. The results of the annual estimated models show that the KT, KTUV, KTPAR and KTIR correlations due to relative sunshine duration fitted to the linear and parabolic correlation equations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Berry, Nicole Lynn. "DOES DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER PROTECT MOSQUITO LARVAE FROM DAMAGE BY SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION?" Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1547210872871561.
Full textGulston, Melanie Katharine. "The effects of the sunscreen chemicals Padimate-O and 2-ethylhexyl-P-methoxycinnamate on DNA." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301520.
Full textTurnbull, David J. "Development of an improved shade environment for the reduction of personal UV exposure." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2005. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001519/.
Full textDal, Pai Enzo [UNESP]. "Radiciações e frações solares UV, PAR, IV em estufa de polietileno: evolução anual média mensal diária e equações de estimativa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90452.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O trabalho descreve o estudo das radiações global(G), ultravioleta (UV), fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR), infravermelha (IV) e da insolação, em uma estufa de polietileno, medidas no período de março de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009 em Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram analisados no presente estudo: 1- a evolução anual das radiações e frações solares UV/G, PAR/G e IV/G média mensal; 2- as equações de estimativa para as radiações UV, PAR e IV dentro da estufa em função das radiações global interna e global externa ; 3- evolução anual da insolação média mensal e a equação de estimativa Ångström para as radiações G, UV, PAR e IV dentro da estufa, em função da razão de insolação interna e externa. A evolução anual das radiações G, UV, PAR e IV médias mensais diárias dentro e fora da estufa, mostrou que alem do dia e local, dependem do clima, cobertura do céu, presença de vapor entre outros. As radiações foram maiores no verão-primavera e menores no outono-inverno. Os valores médios total dentro e fora da estufa foram: GIN = 13,1MJ/m2, UVIN= 0,34MJ/m2, PARIN = 6,70 MJ/m2 e IVIN = 6,15MJ/m2, GEX= 17,14MJ/m2, UVEX= 0,72MJ/m2, PAREX = 8.38 MJ/m2 e IVEX= 8.04MJ/m2. Os valores médios total, das frações em percentagem, dentro e fora da estufa foram: UVIN / GIN =2,6% ; PARIN/GIN = 50.6%, IVIN/GIN= 47,1%, UVEX / GEX = 4,18%, PAREX/GEX= 48,9% e IVEX/GEX= 46,9% respectivamente. As equações de estimativa, anual e sazonal, obtidas para as irradiações Huv, Hpar e Hiv em função da radiação HIN e HEX são lineares, tipo Y = aX, onde coeficiente angular quantifica percentualmente a fração espectral: anual HUVIN /HGIN = 2,6%; HPARIN/HGIN = 50,8% e HIVIN/HGIN = 46,7%, enquanto que a sazonal: Primavera HUVIN /HGIN = 2,5%; HPARIN/HGIN = 51,7% e HIVIN/HGIN = 45,7%; Verão: HUVIN /HGIN = 2,7%; HPARIN/HGIN = 51,8% e HIVIN/HGIN = 45,4%,...
This study describes the study of the global radiation(G), ultraviolet (UV), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), infrared radiation (IV) and insolation, inside a greenhouse of polyethylene, measures in the period of March 2008 to February of 2009 in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. They had been analyzed in the present study: 1 – annual, monthly and average evolution of the radiations UV/G, PAR/G and IV/G; 2 - equations of estimate for radiations UV, PAR and IV inside of the greenhouse in function of the radiations global internal and global external; 3 - annual evolution of the monthly average insolation and Ångström equation of estimate for radiations G, UV, PAR and IV inside of the greenhouse, in function of the reason of internal and external insolation. The annual evolution of radiations G, UV, PAR and IV daily monthly averages inside and outside of the greenhouse, showed that beyond the day and place, they depend on the climate, the radiations had been bigger in the summer-spring and minors in the autumn-winter. The average values total inside and outside of the greenhouse had been: GIN = 13,1MJ/m2, UVIN= 0,34MJ/m2, PARIN =6,70 MJ/m2 and IVIN = 6,15MJ/m2, GEX= 17,14MJ/m2, UVEX= 0,72MJ/m2, PAREX = 8,38 MJ/m2 and IVEX= 8.04MJ/m2. The average values total, of the fractions in percentage, inside and outside of the greenhouse had been: UVIN/GIN =2,6%; PARIN/GIN = 50,6%, IVIN/GIN= 47,1%, UVEX/GEX = 4,18%, PAREX/GEX= 48,9% and IVEX/GEX= 46,9% respectively. The equations of estimate, annual and sazonal, gotten for the irradiations Huv, Hpar and Hiv in function of radiation HIN and HEX are linear, type Y = aX, where angular coefficient it quantifies the spectral fraction percentile: annual HUVIN /HGIN = 2,6%; HPARIN/HGIN = 50,8% and HIVIN/HGIN = 46,7%, whereas the sazonal: Spring HUVIN /HGIN = 2,5%; HPARIN/HGIN = 51,7% and HIVIN/HGIN = 45,7%; Summer: HUVIN /HGIN = 2,7%; ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
D\'Avila, Alexandre Coelho da Silva. "Degradação do pesticida amicarbazona em meio aquoso pelo processo TiO2/UV irradiado por luz solar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-03072013-105850/.
Full textAdvanced oxidative processes (AOP) have been considered as an efficient alternative for the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. Photocatalysis using solar radiation has been studied for the treatment of wastewaters containing pesticides. In this work, the degradation of the herbicide amicarbazone (AMZ) by the TiO2/UV process was studied in a reactor equipped with compound parabolic collectors irradiated by solar light. The experiments were carried out according to a Doehlert matrix to study the effects AMZ initial concentration (20-100 mg L-1), catalyst concentration (0.1-1 g L-1), and number of tubes exposed to solar light (1-9). Samples were analyzed for AMZ and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations. Radiometric measurements indicated that UVB-UVA radiation corresponded in average to about 4% of the solar radiation between 310-2800 nm; ferrioxalate actinometry resulted in an average photonic flux of 3.58×10-5 mol fótons m-2 s-1 for typical sunny days. The TiO2/UV process showed to be efficient for the degradation of the pesticide, which was completely removed before 45 minutes of treatment, for the following conditions: [AMZ]0=21.3 mg L-1; [TiO2]=0.5 g L-1; and 7 tubes. However, in this case only ca. 24% of mineralization was achieved, and in most cases TOC values remained practically constant, indicating the formation of recalcitrant by-products whose toxicity and biodegradility should be characterized. Statistical analysis of the results confirmed important effects of pesticide initial concentration and number of tubes exposed (irradiated volume), whose increase enables to compensate the lower incidence of solar radiation. Some experimental results suggested that AMZ degradation was favored by higher TiO2 concentrations. In most cases the values of ACM were lower than 50 m2 kg-1, in such a way that this parameter is interesting for scale-up of solar irradiated photocalytic processes used in the treatment of amicarbazone-containing wastewaters.
Zambon, Ana Paula Lopes Bacaglini [UNESP]. "Influência da associação de filtros solares sobre a estabilidade, liberação, permeação e retenção cutânea do p-metoxicinamato de octila em formulações fotoprotetoras." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89775.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Os raios ultravioletas podem desencadear queimadura solar, fotoenvelhecimento e câncer de pele e, por este motivo, foram desenvolvidos os filtros solares. Atualmente considera-se que uma formulação fotoprotetora ideal e de maior fotoestabilidade deve conter em sua formulação associação de filtros solares com ampla capacidade de absorção da radiação UVB e UVA. Dentre os filtros solares utilizados neste trabalho estão o p-metoxicinamato de octila (OMC), um dos mais utilizados globalmente na proteção frente à radiação UVB, a Benzofenona-3, absorvedor de radiação UVB e UVA II, o Ácido Sulfônico Fenilbenzimidazol, um filtro solar UV-B hidrossolúvel e o Bemotrizinol, com amplo espectro. O sítio de ação desejável de um filtro solar é restrito à superfície da pele e sua função é perdida quando este permeia a pele e atinge a circulação sistêmica. Estudos in vivo e in vitro têm demonstrado a permeação e absorção sistêmica de filtros solares através da pele. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a interferência da associação dos filtros solares benzofenona 3, ácido sulfônico fenilbenzimzidazol e BEMT nos estudos de estabilidade, liberação, permeação e retenção cutânea in vitro do OMC. A metodologia de identificação e quantificação do OMC foi validada, levando-se em consideração a análise dos limites de confiança. Foram realizados estudos de estabilidade preliminar e acelerada das formulações e do OMC em virtude da fotoinstabilidade do mesmo. Os estudos de liberação, permeação e retenção cutânea foram realizados utilizando-se o equipamento de célula de difusão vertical de Franz modificada e as membranas utilizadas foram acetato de celulose para o estudo de liberação e orelha de porco para permeação e retenção cutânea. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que as formulações estudadas apresentaram comportamento...
Ultraviolet rays can cause sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer and, because of this, sunscreens were developed. Currently it is considered that an ideal sunscreen formulation and greater photostability must contain in its formulation association of solar filters with high capacity to absorb UVB and UVA. Among the solar filters used in this work are p-octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), one of the most globally used in the protection against UVB radiation, Benzophenone-3, UVB and UVA II absorber Fenilbenzimidazol Sulfonic Acid, a UV-B hidrosoluble solar filter and Bemotrizinol with broad spectrum. The desirable site of action of a solar filter is limited to the skin surface and its function is lost when it permeates the skin and reaches the systemic circulation. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the permeation and systemic absorption of solar filters across the skin. This study objective was to evaluate the interference of association of the solar filters benzophenone-3, fenilbenzimzidazol sulfonic acid and BEMT on the stability, release, in vitro skin permeation and retention of the OMC. The methodology for OMC’s identification and quantification was validated, taking into account the confidence limits analysis. Preliminary and accelerated stability studies of the formulations and the OMC, because of it’s photoinstability. The release studies, skin permeation and retention were performed using the equipment Franz’s vertical diffusion cell modified, and the membranes used were cellulose acetate for the release study and pig ear skin for permeation and retention. The results showed that the formulations studied showed similar behavior stability and OMC’s release, regardless of the association of the solar filters... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Dal, Pai Enzo 1982. "Radiciações e frações solares UV, PAR, IV em estufa de polietileno : evolução anual média mensal diária e equações de estimativa /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90452.
Full textBanca: Luiz Roberto Angelocci
Banca: Dinival Martins
Resumo: O trabalho descreve o estudo das radiações global(G), ultravioleta (UV), fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR), infravermelha (IV) e da insolação, em uma estufa de polietileno, medidas no período de março de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009 em Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram analisados no presente estudo: 1- a evolução anual das radiações e frações solares UV/G, PAR/G e IV/G média mensal; 2- as equações de estimativa para as radiações UV, PAR e IV dentro da estufa em função das radiações global interna e global externa ; 3- evolução anual da insolação média mensal e a equação de estimativa Ångström para as radiações G, UV, PAR e IV dentro da estufa, em função da razão de insolação interna e externa. A evolução anual das radiações G, UV, PAR e IV médias mensais diárias dentro e fora da estufa, mostrou que alem do dia e local, dependem do clima, cobertura do céu, presença de vapor entre outros. As radiações foram maiores no verão-primavera e menores no outono-inverno. Os valores médios total dentro e fora da estufa foram: GIN = 13,1MJ/m2, UVIN= 0,34MJ/m2, PARIN = 6,70 MJ/m2 e IVIN = 6,15MJ/m2, GEX= 17,14MJ/m2, UVEX= 0,72MJ/m2, PAREX = 8.38 MJ/m2 e IVEX= 8.04MJ/m2. Os valores médios total, das frações em percentagem, dentro e fora da estufa foram: UVIN / GIN =2,6% ; PARIN/GIN = 50.6%, IVIN/GIN= 47,1%, UVEX / GEX = 4,18%, PAREX/GEX= 48,9% e IVEX/GEX= 46,9% respectivamente. As equações de estimativa, anual e sazonal, obtidas para as irradiações Huv, Hpar e Hiv em função da radiação HIN e HEX são lineares, tipo Y = aX, onde coeficiente angular quantifica percentualmente a fração espectral: anual HUVIN /HGIN = 2,6%; HPARIN/HGIN = 50,8% e HIVIN/HGIN = 46,7%, enquanto que a sazonal: Primavera HUVIN /HGIN = 2,5%; HPARIN/HGIN = 51,7% e HIVIN/HGIN = 45,7%; Verão: HUVIN /HGIN = 2,7%; HPARIN/HGIN = 51,8% e HIVIN/HGIN = 45,4%, ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study describes the study of the global radiation(G), ultraviolet (UV), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), infrared radiation (IV) and insolation, inside a greenhouse of polyethylene, measures in the period of March 2008 to February of 2009 in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. They had been analyzed in the present study: 1 - annual, monthly and average evolution of the radiations UV/G, PAR/G and IV/G; 2 - equations of estimate for radiations UV, PAR and IV inside of the greenhouse in function of the radiations global internal and global external; 3 - annual evolution of the monthly average insolation and Ångström equation of estimate for radiations G, UV, PAR and IV inside of the greenhouse, in function of the reason of internal and external insolation. The annual evolution of radiations G, UV, PAR and IV daily monthly averages inside and outside of the greenhouse, showed that beyond the day and place, they depend on the climate, the radiations had been bigger in the summer-spring and minors in the autumn-winter. The average values total inside and outside of the greenhouse had been: GIN = 13,1MJ/m2, UVIN= 0,34MJ/m2, PARIN =6,70 MJ/m2 and IVIN = 6,15MJ/m2, GEX= 17,14MJ/m2, UVEX= 0,72MJ/m2, PAREX = 8,38 MJ/m2 and IVEX= 8.04MJ/m2. The average values total, of the fractions in percentage, inside and outside of the greenhouse had been: UVIN/GIN =2,6%; PARIN/GIN = 50,6%, IVIN/GIN= 47,1%, UVEX/GEX = 4,18%, PAREX/GEX= 48,9% and IVEX/GEX= 46,9% respectively. The equations of estimate, annual and sazonal, gotten for the irradiations Huv, Hpar and Hiv in function of radiation HIN and HEX are linear, type Y = aX, where angular coefficient it quantifies the spectral fraction percentile: annual HUVIN /HGIN = 2,6%; HPARIN/HGIN = 50,8% and HIVIN/HGIN = 46,7%, whereas the sazonal: Spring HUVIN /HGIN = 2,5%; HPARIN/HGIN = 51,7% and HIVIN/HGIN = 45,7%; Summer: HUVIN /HGIN = 2,7%; ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Chaillol, Isabelle. "Mesure de l’exposition au rayonnement ultraviolet solaire pour les études épidémiologiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10231/document.
Full textUltraviolet radiation (UV) is a carcinogenic agent for which little information on human exposure is available. The intensity and the changes of solar UV exposure, which is the main source of exposure, have an impact on health but are difficult to monitor. The work of this thesis led to the creation of a tool for quantitative estimation of individual exposure to solar UV that can be used in epidemiological studies. We created an atlas of monthly average daily radiation across Europe. Some missing values from the Nordic countries during winter had to be extrapolated. We observed a strong seasonality and characteristics in the spatial distribution which does not always follow the gradient of latitude. For instance, UV radiation is higher in the southern area of the Nordic countries than in central Europe. A survey was conducted in eight European populations to estimate individual exposure. These populations have different behaviours regarding sun exposure. After a step of modeling to estimate missing values in northern Norway throughout the year, we quantified chronic and holiday exposure in three populations (France, Italy and Norway). The tool developed during this thesis will be used for future epidemiological studies that will contribute to improving the knowledge about UV exposure in populations and better understanding its role in the aetiology of various diseases, such as skin cancers
Zambon, Ana Paula Lopes Bacaglini. "Influência da associação de filtros solares sobre a estabilidade, liberação, permeação e retenção cutânea do p-metoxicinamato de octila em formulações fotoprotetoras /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89775.
Full textAbstract: Ultraviolet rays can cause sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer and, because of this, sunscreens were developed. Currently it is considered that an ideal sunscreen formulation and greater photostability must contain in its formulation association of solar filters with high capacity to absorb UVB and UVA. Among the solar filters used in this work are p-octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), one of the most globally used in the protection against UVB radiation, Benzophenone-3, UVB and UVA II absorber Fenilbenzimidazol Sulfonic Acid, a UV-B hidrosoluble solar filter and Bemotrizinol with broad spectrum. The desirable site of action of a solar filter is limited to the skin surface and its function is lost when it permeates the skin and reaches the systemic circulation. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated the permeation and systemic absorption of solar filters across the skin. This study objective was to evaluate the interference of association of the solar filters benzophenone-3, fenilbenzimzidazol sulfonic acid and BEMT on the stability, release, in vitro skin permeation and retention of the OMC. The methodology for OMC's identification and quantification was validated, taking into account the confidence limits analysis. Preliminary and accelerated stability studies of the formulations and the OMC, because of it's photoinstability. The release studies, skin permeation and retention were performed using the equipment Franz's vertical diffusion cell modified, and the membranes used were cellulose acetate for the release study and pig ear skin for permeation and retention. The results showed that the formulations studied showed similar behavior stability and OMC's release, regardless of the association of the solar filters... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Rosângela Gonçalves Peccinini
Coorientador: Marcos Antonio Corrêa
Banca: Marlus Chorilli
Banca: Patrícia Maria Berardo Gonçalves Maia Campos
Mestre
Saile-Mark, Marion. "Zur Beteiligung von Phytohormonen an Wachstum und Blütenbildung verschiedener Bohnenkulturvarietäten (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Abhängigkeit von artifizieller und solarer UV-B-Bestrahlung = On the participation of phytohormones on growth and flower production of different bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in dependence of artificial and solar UV-B radiation /." Karlsruhe : Botanisches Institut II (Pflanzenphysiologie) der Universität Karlsruhe (T.H.), 1993. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/166146811.pdf.
Full textCampmany, Pons Elies. "Predicció de la radiació solar espectral UV mitjançant models de dispersió múltiple. Aplicació a la predicció de l'índex UV a Catalunya." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/744.
Full textEn aquesta tesi s'ha treballat amb 2 models de dispersió simple (SMARTS2 i UVAGOA) que consideren l'atmosfera com una sola capa i 2 models de dispersió múltiple (SBDART i STAR) que tenen en compte la no-homogeneïtat vertical de l'atmosfera i la divideixen en una superposició de capes. S'ha realitzat un estudi comparatiu entre ells i s'ha arribat a la conclusió que els models de dispersió múltiple obtenen un millor acord entre ells amb diferències del 2 al 3% per a angles zenitals menors de 60º. També s'han comparat amb mesures instrumentals i s'han constatat diferències que oscil·len entre el 2 i el 15% en les hores centrals del dia.
Les mesures instrumentals utilitzades, tant per a comparar amb les sortides d'aquests models com per a determinar els seus paràmetres d'entrada, han estat: 4 anys d'espectres de irradiància UV (de 285 a 400 nm cada 0,5 nm) d'un espectroradiòmetre Bentham 300, 3 anys de mesures de l'índex UV d'un piranòmetre YES i 3 piranòmetres Solar Light, 4 anys de mesures diàries d'un fotòmetre Microtops i 1 any de mesures d'un fotòmetre CIMEL.
Per a la determinació de la columna total d'ozó s'han utilitzat les mesures de l'espectroradiòmetre Bentham i del fotòmetre Microtops i s'han constatat diferències del 9%. AL comparar-los amb mesures de teledetecció (TOMS i GOME) s'arriba a un RMSE del 4% en el cas del Microtops. En quant a la dispersió deguda als aerosols s'han utilitzat com a paràmetres d'entrada els espessors òptics calculats a partir del fotòmetre CIMEL, mentre que la massa d'aigua precipitable, relacionada amb el creixement higroscòpic dels aerosols, s'ha determinat a partir dels fotòmetres CIMEL i Microtops i també a partir del radiosondatge. Les diferències observades estan al voltant del 12-15% entre els fotòmetres i el radiosondatge.
Totes aquestes mesures s'han aplicat al model SBDART per a la predicció de l'índex UV a Catalunya durant els anys 2000-2002, utilitzant la hipòtesi de persistència de la columna total d'ozó que en aquest treball s'ha constatat que té un error del 6% a l'estiu per a dies de cel serè. Els resultats s'han validat amb el piranòmetre YES i s'han observat diferències al voltant del 14%. L'any 2003, es va incorporar la predicció d'ozó del Deutscher Wetterdienst a 36 hores i per a dies de cel serè, els resultats milloren sensiblement, passant d'unes diferències del 20% al 16%.
In this thesis it has been used 2 models of simple scattering SMARTS2 and UVAGOA and 2 models of multiple scattering SBDART and STAR. A comparative study among them has been made and it has been reached the conclusion that the models of multiple scattering obtain a better agreement among them with differences from the 2 to 3% for smaller zenithal angles of 60º. It also have been compared with instrumental measures and differences have been found between 2 and 15% in the central hours of the day.
In this work it has been used different instrumental measures: 4 years of spectrum of irradiance UV (from 285 to 400 nm each 0.5 nm) of spectroradiometer Bentham 300, 3 years of measures of index UV of a pyranometer
YES and 3 pyranometers Solar Light, 4 years of daily measures of a Microtops photometer and 1 year of measures of a photometer CIMEL.
The total ozone column has been determined with the measurements of spectroradiometer Bentham and a Microtops photometer and differences of 9% have been found. In comparison with telemetry measurements (TOMS and GOME) a RMSE of 4% is found in the case of the Microtops. For the scattering due to the aerosols, the calculated optical thicknesses from photometer CIMEL have been used as an input parameter, whereas the mass of precipitable water, related to the hygroscopic growth of the aerosols, has been determined from the photometers CIMEL and Microtops and also from the radiosonde. The observed differences are around 12-15% between the photometers and radiosonde.
All these measurements have been applied to model SBDART for the prediction of index UV in Catalunya during years 2000-2002, using the hypothesis of persistence of the total ozone column that in this work has been found that has an error of 6% in summer for cloudless sky days. The results have been validated with the pyranometer YES and differences around 14% have been observed. In 2003, the ozone forecasting of the Deutscher Wetterdienst was introduced and for cloudless sky days, the results improve from differences of 20% to 16%.
Sola, Salvatierra Yolanda. "Anàlisi observacional i modelització de la sensibilitat de la irradiància solar espectral UV a l'espectre solar extraterrestre i a la columna total d'ozó." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/758.
Full textUn dels objectius generals de la present tesi és la millora de la predicció de l'anomenat índex UV a partir del coneixement de la sensibilitat dels models radiatius a variables poc estudiades des del punt de vista de la modelització com l'espectre solar extraterrestre o el perfil vertical d'atmosfera. Els resultats mostren que l'elecció d'un determinat espectre extraterrestre en la modelització dóna lloc a diferències en la irradiància eritemàtica d'un 3-10\% respecte a les mesures.
També s'ha volgut caracteritzar l'efecte d'altitud sobre la radiació solar UV a partir de mesures espectrals i de banda ampla i models de transferència radiativa. Quan l'atmosfera està neta d'aerosols l'efecte d'altitud s'aproxima al límit teòric de l'atmosfera de Rayleigh però aquest valor augmenta quan els punts considerats estan sota condicions de terbolesa elevada. L'efecte d'altitud en la irradiància solar UV també presenta un increment per longituds d'ona curtes.
D'altra banda una altra motivació dels treballs desenvolupats a la tesi ha estat establir una climatologia de la columna total d'ozó sobre l'àrea de Barcelona a partir de mesures de satèl·lit caracteritzant la seva variabilitat a diferents escales temporals i la tendència observada en els seus valors en les últimes dècades. Dins de la variabilitat a curt termini existeixen els episodis extrems d'ozó caracteritzats per una reducció o augment dels valors normals de la columna total d'ozó que ràpidament es recupera uns pocs dies. Els mini-forats d'ozó són més rellevants degut als potencial efectes nocius que poden produir al incrementar-se la irradiància biològicament efectiva. Per aquest motiu s'ha realitzat una climatologia del episodis extrems d'ozó i s'han estudiat en profunditat dos d'aquests casos tant la seva formació com la influència sobre la radiació solar UV.
SUMMARIZE OF THE THESIS:
Solar UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface depends on various meteorological and astronomical factors such as solar zenith angle, total ozone column, cloud cover and atmospheric turbidity. All this translates into a large number of variables to characterize in the modelling of the solar spectral irradiance with radiative transfer models.
One of the objectives of this thesis was to improve the prediction of the ultraviolet index studying the sensitivity of the radiative models to variables that have been little studied in modelling such as the solar extraterrestrial spectrum or the vertical profile of the atmosphere. The results show that the choice of a particular spectrum in the modelling leads to differences in erythemal irradiance of 3--10\% from the measurements.
It also has sought to characterize the altitude effect on UV radiation from spectral and broadband measurements and radiative transfer models. When the air is clean the altitude effect is approaching the theoretical limit of the Rayleigh atmosphere but this value increases when the considered points are under conditions of high turbidity. The altitude effect in solar UV irradiance also shows an increase in short wavelengths.
Furthermore another motivation of the works on the thesis has been to establish climatology of total ozone column over the area of Barcelona from satellite measurements characterizing variability in different time scales, and the trend in values in the recent decades. Variability within the short term, ozone episodes are characterized by extreme reduction or increase in value of the total ozone column, recovering quickly in a few days. The ozone mini-holes are more relevant because of the potential harmful effects that may occur with the increasing biologically effective irradiance. A climatology of extreme ozone events have been made and two cases have been studied from their formation to the influence on solar UV radiation.
Shakeri, Farhad. "Cycle-related solar vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) variability." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-967F-9.
Full textLopes, João Miguel Torres Arede. "Modelação matemática de um reator fotocatalítico com coletor solar." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95358.
Full textA poluição da água representa um dos assuntos mais críticos em todo o mundo,tendo origem em diversas áreas da atividade humana, como a indústria, a rede municipalde águas, a agricultura, a construção e a extração de matérias-primas. Devido a isto, novosmétodos de tratamento de efluentes têm surgido, nomeadamente a fotocatáliseheterogénea, que se baseia na produção de radicais hidroxilos através da excitação de umfotocatalisador usando luz.Neste trabalho, propõe-se um modelo matemático capaz de calcular a radiaçãoUV solar para Coimbra que é possível captar com um Concentrador Parabólico Composto(CPC), para proceder à decomposição de poluentes presentes em efluentes.Primeiramente, procedeu-se à determinação da radiação UV incidente emCoimbra. Para isto utilizou-se o modelo de Bird e Riordan onde se obteve a radiação UVna ausência de nuvens. De seguida com a equação de Foyo-Moreno retirou-se o UVincidente. Os valores da radiação absorvida pelo coletor foram calculados utilizando ummodelo solar onde se calcula a radiação difusa e direta incidente, de forma a obter-se aradiação total absorvida pelo recetor.Os valores obtidos após a otimização, para o ano de 2020, foram de 11.54º para oângulo de aceitação e de 22º para a inclinação do CPC o que permitiu obter 477.14 MJ/m2.Foi também calculado a inclinação ótima para um CPC com o ângulo de aceitação fixoem cada mês do ano, de forma a averiguar se uma correção mensal na inclinação iriainfluenciar de forma significativa a radiação captada. Obteve-se 639.49 MJ/m2 para umacorreção mensal da inclinação do CPC, mais 34% do que para um valor fixo anual, peloque uma correção mensal de β leva a um aumento significativo da radiação.A cinética da reação foi obtida através de experiências laboratoriais, utilizando oP25 TiO2 da Degussa como catalisador, uma mistura de 3 parabenos num reatordescontinuo com um volume de 2L, 3 lâmpadas Philips TL 6WBLB e tempo de operaçãode 1 hora. As concentrações iniciais dos parabenos eram de 1mg/L cada e do catalisadorera de 70 mg/L. Foi obtida uma degradação de 99.5% para o metilparabeno, 99.1% parao etilparabeno e 98.6% para o propilparabeno no final do tempo reacional de 1h. AModelação matemática de um reator fotocatalítico com coletor solarconstante cinética de pseudo-primeira ordem de cada reação (W-1s-1) foi retirada atravésde uma regressão linear utilizando a radiação emitida pelas lâmpadas ao longo do tempoe a concentração ao longo do tempo, sendo obtidos valores da constante cinética de 0.022,0.018 e 0.019 , respetivamente.Foram realizadas simulações para 4 dias com comportamentos distintos, um diade verão solarengo, um dia de verão nublado, um dia de inverno solarengo e um dia deinverno nublado, o valor de degradação foi estabelecido em 99.5% e calculou-se o tempoem minutos que na manhã de cada dia se demorava a atingir esta percentagem, tendo-seobtido 31, 101, 104 e 154, respetivamente. A reação de degradação é influenciada pelaradiação que varia ao longo do dia, pelo que o tempo de reação é função da radiaçãoabsorvida pelo CPC.Este método é eficiente, mas a variação da radiação e dos contaminantes a tratarlevam a que tenha de haver conhecimento das propriedades do reator e da radiaçãonecessária para oxidar completamente os compostos, de forma a controlar o tempo de reação.
Water pollution represents one of the most critical issues worldwide, originatingfrom several areas of human activity, such as industry, municipal waterworks, agriculture,construction and raw material extraction. Due to this, new methods of wastewatertreatment have emerged, namely heterogeneous photocatalysis, which is based on theproduction of hydroxyl radicals through the excitation of a photocatalyst using light.In this work, a mathematical model capable of calculating the solar UV radiationfor Coimbra that can be captured with a Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC), todecompose pollutants present in effluents, is proposed.First, the incident UV radiation in Coimbra was obtained. The Bird and Riordanmodel was used to determine the UV radiation in the absence of clouds. Then, using theFoyo-Moreno equation, the incident UV was extracted, and the values of the radiationabsorbed by the collector were calculated using the Duffie equation.The values obtained after optimization, for one year, were 11.54º for the halfacceptance angle and 22º for the inclination of the CPC which gave 477.14 MJ/m2. Theoptimum slope was also calculated for a CPC with the acceptance angle fixed for eachmonth of the year, in order to see if a monthly correction in the slope would significantlyinfluence the captured radiation. 639.49 MJ/m2 was obtained for a monthly correction ofthe CPC slope, 34% more than for a fixed annual value, so a monthly correction of β leadsto a significant increase in radiation collection.The kinetics of the reaction was taken by performing laboratory experiments,using P25 TiO2 from Degussa as a catalyst, a mixture of 3 parabens in a discontinuousreactor with a volume of 2L, 3 Philips TL 6WBLB lamps and an operating time of 1 hour.The initial concentrations of the parabens were 1mg/L each and the catalyst load was70mg/L. 99.5%, 99.1% and 98.6% of degradation were obtained for methylparaben,ethylparaben, and propylparaben, respectively after 1 hour of reaction. The kineticconstant of pseudo-first order for each reaction (W-1s-1) was derived by a linearregression using the radiation emitted by the lamp and the concentration over time,obtaining kinetic constant values of 0.022, 0.018 and 0.019 , respectively.Modelação matemática de um reator fotocatalítico com coletor solarSimulations were performed for 4 days with different behaviors, a sunny summerday, a cloudy summer day, a sunny winter day and a cloudy winter day, the degradationvalue was set at 99.5% and the time in minutes it took to reach this percentage formethylparaben in the morning of each day was calculated, obtaining 31, 101, 104 and154, respectively. The degradation reaction is influenced by radiation that variesthroughout the day, so the reaction time is a function of the radiation absorbed by theCPC.This method is efficient, but the variation in radiation and the contaminants to betreated mean that the reactor properties and the radiation required to completely oxidizethe compounds must be known, in order to control the reaction time.
Tohom, Ismelda Isabel López, and 杜伊湄. "Performance analysis of a solar type box for water treatment focus on synergy of IR and UV radiation." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23667907698728130330.
Full text崑山科技大學
機械工程研究所
99
Water is the most abundant component in the planet, its physical and chemical characteristics allows life in oceans, rivers, lakes, mountains, and all over the planet’s surface. It is the most important liquid to preserve life; even so it needs treatment to be drinkable. The Millennium Declaration Goals include a target to “Halve the proportion of people who are unable to reach or afford safe drinking water by 2015” Since long time ago, there has been recognized the relative importance of water quality, quantity, sanitation and hygiene not only to protect but also to improve health. In this work, the performance of a solar type box is evaluated as an alternative to water treatment technology at a household level. In order to analyze different conditions which the water can be warmed up inside the solar type box, several experiments carried out at Department of solar Energy laboratory, Kun Shan University, Tainan, Taiwan R.O.C. were performed with the main focus on E. Coli. These experiments demonstrated that hanging the water container inside the solar type box instead of placing it over the base, allows 40% more UV radiation and the same IR radiation. In relation to materials as a water container; plastic bag (polietilene), glass and PET suggested an efficiency of 75%, 50% and 45% respectively relative to IR, and 88%, 76.49% and 74.94% concerning to UV radiation. The SODIS method vs. solar type box experiment and conceptual analysis comparison indicated that the first one needs 4,800Wh of solar radiation and 16.61Wh of UV radiation to eliminate 99.99% of bacteria; the solar type box needs 1050Wh of total solar radiation and 7.39W.h of UV radiation to get the same results leading to an efficiency of 6.92% and. 52.82% when compare with the first method regarding IR radiation and 56.19% vs. 24.95% in relation with UV radiation. The Solar type box for water treatment is an option for the solution of the drinking water problem, financially viable and physically useful.
Xia, Lidong. "Equatorial Coronal Holes and Their Relation to the High-Speed Solar Wind Streams." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B578-0.
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