Journal articles: 'Solar thermal HVAC technologies'

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Pop, Octavian G., Ancuta C. Abrudan, Dan S. Adace, Adrian G. Pocola, and Mugur C. Balan. "Potential of HVAC and solar technologies for hospital retrofit to reduce heating energy consumption." E3S Web of Conferences 32 (2018): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183201016.

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The study presents a combination of several energy efficient technologies together with their potential to reduce the energy consumption and to increase the comfort through the retrofit of a hospital building. The existing situation is characterized by an old and inefficient heating system, by the complete missing of any ventilation and by no cooling. The retrofit proposal includes thermal insulation and a distributed HVAC system consisting of several units that includes air to air heat exchangers and air to air heat pumps. A condensing boiler was also considered for heating. A solar thermal system for preparing domestic hot water and a solar photovoltaic system to assist the HVAC units are also proposed. Heat transfer principles are used for modelling the thermal response of the building to the environmental parameters and thermodynamic principles are used for modelling the behaviour of HVAC, solar thermal system and photovoltaic system. All the components of the heating loads were determined for one year period. The study reveals the capacity of the proposed systems to provide ventilation and thermal comfort with a global reduction of energy consumption of 71.6 %.

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Bianco, Giovanni, Stefano Bracco, Federico Delfino, Lorenzo Gambelli, Michela Robba, and Mansueto Rossi. "A Building Energy Management System Based on an Equivalent Electric Circuit Model." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 1689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071689.

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In recent decades, many EU and national regulations have been issued in order to increase the energy efficiency in different sectors and, consequently, to reduce environmental pollution. In the building sector, energy efficiency interventions are usually based on the use of innovative insulated materials and on the installation of cogeneration and tri-generation units, as well as solar technologies. New and retrofitted buildings are more and more commonly being called “smart buildings”, since they are characterized by the installation of electric and thermal power generation units, energy storage systems, and flexible loads; the presence of such technologies determines the necessity of installing Building Energy Management Systems (BEMSs), which are used to optimally manage their operation. The present paper proposes a BEMS for a smart building, equipped with plants based on renewables (photovoltaics, solar thermal panels, and geothermal heat pump), where the heating and cooling demand are satisfied by a Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning System (HVAC) fed by a geothermal heat pump. The developed BEMS is composed of two different modules: an optimization tool used to optimally manage the HVAC plant, in order to guarantee a desired level of comfort inside rooms, and a simulation tool, based on an equivalent electric circuit model and used to evaluate the thermal dynamic behavior of the building. The paper describes the two modules and shows the main results of the validation phase that has been conducted on a real test-case represented by the Smart Energy Building (SEB) located at the Savona Campus of the University of Genoa, Italy.

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Matos, Ana Mafalda, João M. P. Q. Delgado, and Ana Sofia Guimarães. "Energy-Efficiency Passive Strategies for Mediterranean Climate: An Overview." Energies 15, no. 7 (April 1, 2022): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072572.

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Among all the activities in a society, construction has a key role in environmental, social, and economic pillars. Construction is also responsible for a considerable amount of waste production, energy consumption, pollutant gas emissions, and consumption of nonrenewable natural resources. Regarding energy consumption, a high demand for building operational energy has been observed in the last decades due to the more demanding requirements of the users with a continuous search for better thermal comfort in their homes, namely in developed countries. In Portugal, for instance, more than 20% of the electricity consumed is related to residential buildings, which is based on CO2 emissions and other pollutants that negatively affect the environment. Much of this consumed energy is a result of the HVAC systems installed inside buildings to provide users with thermal comfort. One exciting opportunity to mitigate buildings’ operational energy consumption while contributing to thermal user comfort is the use of passive solutions. Even though several passive options are available and constantly under research, their use is still considered limited. This paper overviews and highlights the potential of energy-efficiency passive strategies, namely for Mediterranean-climate countries, where passive solar technologies can be set as a viable solution, as this climate is mainly known for its solar availability (solar hours and solar irradiance). A comprehensive overview of innovative and traditional housing passive solutions currently available is presented and discusses the main advantages, disadvantages, and concerns contributing to the optimal use of climatic conditions and natural resources in those regions.

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Yakovleva, O., O. Ostapenko, and V. Trandafilov. "EN Energy system efficient performance and energy policy." Refrigeration Engineering and Technology 56, no. 3-4 (January 11, 2021): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/ret.v56i3-4.1952.

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The 2020 crisis caused by COVID makes the global economy move forward to a new start. In order to achieve strategic goals, the energy sector and the HVAC&R sector forced by faced problems to energy efficiency projects and technologies development and deployment to get fast return on investment and to manage risks for the secure step forward. To meet strategic packet goals global community should redirect investment into the renewables technologies development to integrate them with the energy efficiency projects in the project design phase. On the study of the solar thermal system due to increasing the outlet temperature of ground source heat exchanger it is possible to observe floating increasing COP (operating mode dependence) for the HP system by 4-6%. For getting the greater angles of the collector, the more of the inbound energy can be accumulated and used per annual year. For that reason, collectors intended for the maintenance of HP system, when installing at a large angle. It can reduce the amount of excess heat in the summer season, while the efficiency of the collectors in winter season falling under a smaller angle optimized. The increasing of the COP is caused by reducing of the electrical input to the heat pump cause higher temperature level gain by solar collector. The use of solar thermal collectors bring possibility to reduce borehole depletion. In own turn it can be used for ground heat exchanger regeneration during heat pump stand by. Ukraine can look for the best practices of the sustainable development goals worldwide and adopt them by modifying for actual complex tasks due to actual regulations and development new ones to motivate industrial players on the national and global levels for driving sectors development along with the sustainable development scenario

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Ham, Suyun, Sanggoo Kang, and Kyu-Jung Kim. "A Numerical Study for Performance Prediction of a Metal Hydride Thermal Energy Conversion System Elaborating the Superadiabatic Condition." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 3095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123095.

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In this study, we investigate a numerical-modeling method uniquely performing analyses of 50 different metal hydrides to find the optimized thermal effect. This paper presents a metal-hydride thermal energy conversion method, which offers an alternative approach to the traditional vapor-compression heat pump associated with conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). The authors have developed an innovative heat pump applicable to non-vapor compression-based systems, which are in compliance with low-temperature heat source requirements for operation. The new heat pump has a high-energy savings potential for both heating and cooling that featured two different metal-hydrides, that are distributed inside parallel channels filled with porous media. Thermal energy conversion is developed as a set of successive thermal waves. The numerical-modeling results present the enhanced thermal effect, which is attained in a synchronous motion of the thermal waves and the heat source (or sink) inside paired porous media channels, which accompanies the phase transition in the succession of unit metal-hydride heat pumps. The results present in a form convenient for the prediction of thermal energy efficiency based on the proposed thermal-conversion method in real devices that were experimentally verified in previous work. The non-vapor technologies will be operational with low energy input, which makes it possible to utilize waste heat or low-level heat often found in the environment such as solar radiation, exhaust gas from a heat engine, or high-temperature fuel cell system.

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Kathir Kaman, M. D., M. Cheralathan, Vedansh Sharma, and Aditya Viswanathan. "Study on viscosity of MWCNT dispersed in ethylene glycol at different operating conditions for thermal applications." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012047.

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Abstract In recent times the development of nanotechnology has taken place at an unprecedented rate. Nano-fluids are one of the remarkable outcomes of the development of new technologies that can be used to increase the efficiency of thermal systems. Nanofluids, which consist of particles in nanometre size and a base fluid, have been hailed as a superior alternative compared to a common heat transfer fluid like water due to their better thermal properties and having many potential applications in many fields, especially in HVAC, electronic cooling, solar heating and cooling etc., The MWCNT-based nanofluid with water-ethylene glycol as base fluid is prepared by two-step method, the water and ethylene glycol are mixed in the ratio 80:20 and four different concentrations of nanofluids: 0% wt, 0.015% wt, 0.15% wt, 1.5% wt are prepared. Rheology analysis are made by using rheometer with temperature ranging from from 10° C to 50° C with steps of 10° C and shear rate was controlled with shear stress varying from 0-10 N/m2. The base fluid shows the Newtonian behaviour being shifted to Non-Newtonian Behaviour, specifically shear thinning behaviour. Rate of change of shear also changes with change in temperature and change in shear stress results change in viscosity with higher concentration of nanoparticles showing higher viscosity.

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Buda, Alessia, Ernst Jan de Place Hansen, Alexander Rieser, Emanuela Giancola, Valeria Natalina Pracchi, Sara Mauri, Valentina Marincioni, et al. "Conservation-Compatible Retrofit Solutions in Historic Buildings: An Integrated Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052927.

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Historic, listed, or unlisted, buildings account for 30% of the European building stock. Since they are complex systems of cultural, architectural, and identity value, they need particular attention to ensure that they are preserved, used, and managed over time in a sustainable way. This implies a demand for retrofit solutions able to improve indoor thermal conditions while reducing the use of energy sources and preserving the heritage significance. Often, however, the choice and implementation of retrofit solutions in historic buildings is limited by socio-technical barriers (regulations, lack of knowledge on the hygrothermal behaviour of built heritage, economic viability, etc.). This paper presents the approach devised in the IEA-SHC Task 59 project (Renovating Historic Buildings Towards Zero Energy) to support decision makers in selecting retrofit solutions, in accordance with the provision of the EN 16883:2017 standard. In particular, the method followed by the project partners to gather and assess compatible solutions for historic buildings retrofitting is presented. It focuses on best practices for walls, windows, HVAC systems, and solar technologies. This work demonstrates that well-balanced retrofit solutions can exist and can be evaluated case-by-case through detailed assessment criteria. As a main result, the paper encourages decision makers to opt for tailored energy retrofit to solve the conflict between conservation and energy performance requirements.

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Korkas, Christos, Asimina Dimara, Iakovos Michailidis, Stelios Krinidis, Rafael Marin-Perez, Ana Isabel Martínez García, Antonio Skarmeta, et al. "Integration and Verification of PLUG-N-HARVEST ICT Platform for Intelligent Management of Buildings." Energies 15, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 2610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072610.

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THe energy-efficient operation of microgrids—a localized grouping of consuming loads (domestic appliances, EVs, etc.) with distributed energy sources such as solar photovoltaic panels—suggests the deployment of Energy Management Systems (EMSs) that enable the actuation of controllable microgrid loads coupled with Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. Such tools are capable of optimizing the aggregated performance of the microgrid in an automated manner, based on an extensive network of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). Modular adaptable/dynamic building envelope (ADBE) solutions have been proven an effective solution—exploiting free façade areas instead of roof areas—for extending the thermal inertia and energy harvesting capacity in existing buildings of different nature (residential, commercial, industrial, etc.). This study presents the PLUG-N-HARVEST holistic workflow towards the delivery of an automatically controllable microgrid integrating active ADBE technologies (e.g., PVs, HVACs). The digital platform comprises cloud AI services and functionalities for energy-efficient management, data healing/cleansing, flexibility forecasting, and the security-by-design IoT to efficiently optimize the overall performance in near-zero energy buildings and microgrids. The current study presents the effective design and necessary digital integration steps towards the PLUG-N-HARVEST ICT platform alongside real-life verification test results, validating the performance of the platform.

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Toub, Mohamed, Chethan R. Reddy, Rush D. Robinett, and Mahdi Shahbakhti. "Integration and Optimal Control of MicroCSP with Building HVAC Systems: Review and Future Directions." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030730.

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Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are omnipresent in modern buildings and are responsible for a considerable share of consumed energy and the electricity bill in buildings. On the other hand, solar energy is abundant and could be used to support the building HVAC system through cogeneration of electricity and heat. Micro-scale concentrated solar power (MicroCSP) is a propitious solution for such applications that can be integrated into the building HVAC system to optimally provide both electricity and heat, on-demand via application of optimal control techniques. The use of thermal energy storage (TES) in MicroCSP adds dispatching capabilities to the MicroCSP energy production that will assist in optimal energy management in buildings. This work presents a review of the existing contributions on the combination of MicroCSP and HVAC systems in buildings and how it compares to other thermal-assisted HVAC applications. Different topologies and architectures for the integration of MicroCSP and building HVAC systems are proposed, and the components of standard MicroCSP systems with their control-oriented models are explained. Furthermore, this paper details the different control strategies to optimally manage the energy flow, both electrical and thermal, from the solar field to the building HVAC system to minimize energy consumption and/or operational cost.

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Qiblawey, Hazim Mohameed, and Fawzi Banat. "Solar thermal desalination technologies." Desalination 220, no. 1-3 (March 2008): 633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.059.

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Ortiz, M., H. Barsun, H. He, P. Vorobieff, and A. Mammoli. "Modeling of a solar-assisted HVAC system with thermal storage." Energy and Buildings 42, no. 4 (April 2010): 500–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.10.019.

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Conceição, Eusébio, João Gomes, Maria Manuela Lúcio, and Hazim Awbi. "Energy Production of Solar DSF for Ceiling-Mounted Localized Air Distribution Systems in a Virtual Classroom." Buildings 12, no. 4 (April 16, 2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040495.

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This paper presents an application of energy production in a solar Double Skin Facade (DSF) used in a Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system for a ceiling-mounted localized air distribution systems in a virtual classroom. In this numerical work, a virtual classroom, an inlet ceiling-mounted localized air distribution system, an exhaust ventilation system, and a DSF system are considered. The numerical simulations consider an integral building thermal response (BTR) and a coupling of an integral human thermal-physiology response (HTR) and differential computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The BTR numerical model calculates, among other parameters, the DSF indoor air temperature and energy production. The HTR numerical model calculates, among other parameters, the human thermal comfort. The CFD numerical model, among other parameters, calculates the indoor air quality. In this study which is performed for winter conditions, the energy produced in the DSF is used for driving the HVAC system. Six different airflow rates are used. The air temperature and energy production in the DSF are also evaluated. The influence of the airflow rate on the HVAC system performance is evaluated by the Air Distribution Index for mid-morning and mid-afternoon conditions. The results show that energy production reduces when the airflow increases and the operating point can be selected using the acceptable levels of thermal comfort and air quality levels or using the maximum Air Distribution Index value. In this study, the application of the thermal comfort and air quality levels criteria demonstrates that the HVAC system uses an optimum airflow rate.

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Moftakhari, Ardeshir, Cyrus Aghanajafi, and Ardalan Moftakhari Chaei Ghazvin. "Thermal analysis of HVAC and solar panels using genetic optimization algorithm." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 30, no. 3 (March 2016): 1405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-016-0248-9.

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Alajmi, Fnyess, Amer Alajmi, Ahmed Alrashidi, and Naser Alrashidi. "COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN GEOTHERMAL AND SOLAR HVAC SYSTEMS." International Journal of Engineering Science Technologies 5, no. 5 (October 23, 2021): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijoest.v5.i5.2021.234.

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Many applications depend mainly on heat energy, such as solar and geothermal heat pumps. ‎There is a high increase in the use of applications that depend on renewable energy. The ‎main objective of this project is to study the heating systems and geothermal heat pumps. ‎This study also investigated solar heat pumps and the geothermal efficiency to optimize its ‎strategic plan. A performance factor (COP) was used to assess the efficiency of both ‎geothermal and solar systems. To apply the methodology, a case study was used. The ‎results in the thermal energy system are that solar energy is better and more cost-effective in ‎terms of capital. The revenues for the solar system after 25 years were higher than the ‎revenues for the geothermal system. Furthermore, solar power has a shorter payback time ‎making it superior for a similar life span, so it was clear that the expenditure on solar power ‎was safer than the expenditure on geothermal power.‎‎

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Kang, Byung Ha, and Hyun Jin Lee. "A Review of Recent Research on Automotive HVAC Systems for EVs." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 25, no. 04 (December 2017): 1730003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132517300038.

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Automotive heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are of particular interest from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy, especially in electric vehicles (EVs) such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This paper describes recent research on automotive air-conditioning and heating technologies after classifying them into heat pump applications, control and operation, heat exchangers, refrigerants, thermal comfort, localized HVAC systems, and additional energy-saving systems. Even though many researchers have applied the existing concepts and technologies for EVs, significant revamping efforts are necessary owing to the dynamic, transient, and local characteristics of vehicles.

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Adeyanju, A. A. "Solar Thermal Energy Technologies in Nigeria." Research Journal of Applied Sciences 6, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjasci.2011.451.456.

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Thirugnanasambandam, Mirunalini, S. Iniyan, and Ranko Goic. "A review of solar thermal technologies☆." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14, no. 1 (January 2010): 312–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.014.

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Conceição, Eusébio, António Sousa, João Gomes, and António Ruano. "HVAC Systems Applied in University Buildings with Control Based on PMV and aPMV Indexes." Inventions 4, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions4010003.

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In this work, HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) systems applied in university buildings with control based on PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and aPMV (adaptive Predicted Mean Vote) indexes are discussed. The building’s thermal behavior with complex topology, in transient thermal conditions, for summer and winter conditions is simulated by software. The university building is divided into 124 spaces, on two levels with an area of 5931 m2, and is composed of 201 transparent surfaces and 1740 opaque surfaces. There are 86 compartments equipped with HVAC systems. The simulation considers the actual occupation and ventilation cycles, the external environmental variables, the internal HVAC system and the occupants’ and building’s characteristics. In this work, a new HVAC control system, designed to simultaneously obtain better occupants’ thermal comfort levels according to category C of ISO 7730 with less energy consumption, is presented. This new HVAC system with aPMV index control is numerically implemented, and its performance is compared with the performance of the same HVAC system with the usual PMV index control. Both HVAC control systems turn on only when the PMV index or the aPMV index reaches values below −0.7, in winter conditions, and when the PMV index or the aPMV index reaches values above +0.7, in summer conditions. In accordance with the results obtained, the HVAC system guarantees negative PMV and aPMV indexes in winter conditions and positive PMV and aPMV indexes in summer conditions. The energy consumption level is higher in winter conditions than in summer conditions for compartments with shading, and it is lower in winter conditions than in summer conditions for compartments exposed to direct solar radiation. The consumption level is higher using the PMV control than with the aPMV control. Air temperature, in accordance with Portuguese standards, is higher than 20 °C in winter conditions and lower than 27 °C in summer conditions. In Mediterranean climates, the HVAC systems with aPMV control provide better occupants’ thermal comfort levels and less energy consumption than the HVAC system with PMV control.

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Sevilgen, Gokhan, Halil Bayram, and Muhsin Kilic. "1D analysis of cool down simulation of vehicle HVAC system." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci191016099s.

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In this paper, a detailed combined 1D model of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems of a vehicle were developed by using the LMS Imagine Lab Amesim software package. The numerical simulations were considered for soaking and cool down analysis under different environmental conditions. The thermal performance of different refrigerants as R-134a and R-1234yf were evaluated in terms of thermal performance and energy consumption. According to the soaking simulation results, the cabin air temperature values ranged from 49?C to 57?C in general. The maximum increase in cabin air temperature value was about 22?C obtained for 1000 15 W/m2 solar load. The total time until reaching the steady-state conditions for a target temperature value (23.5?C) was different for all simulations. The total time was calculated as 910 seconds for 1000 W/m2 solar load by using R134a refrigerant loop. The results also showed that although the thermal performance of R-134a was slightly better, R-1234yf can be used due to its environmental properties with acceptable performance. The calculated COP values during cooldown analysis were ranged from 1.71 to 4.52 in general. The minimum value was obtained for the cases which had a maximum solar load and higher cabin interior temperature values. The calculated temperature data for soaking and cool down analysis were in good agreement with the reference data presented in this study. These numerical results are very important for reducing the thermal load of the vehicle cabin considering energy consumption of the HVAC system for different thermal conditions.

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Mammoli, Andrea, Peter Vorobieff, Hans Barsun, Rick Burnett, and Daniel Fisher. "Energetic, economic and environmental performance of a solar-thermal-assisted HVAC system." Energy and Buildings 42, no. 9 (September 2010): 1524–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.03.023.

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Winfield, Emily C., Robin J. Rader, Alexander M. Zhivov, Anders Dyrelund, Craig Fredeen, Oddgeir Gudmundsson, and Brent Goering. "HVAC Best Practices in Arctic Climates." E3S Web of Conferences 246 (2021): 08004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124608004.

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Arctic climates provide unique challenges for designers of HVAC, plumbing, and thermal energy systems. The importance of considering the operation outside air temperatures, system reliability, and building resiliency cannot be understated. The paper describes best practice examples of robust and reliable systems with the emphasis on their redundancy, durability, and functionality. The paper also discusses the most common heating and ventilation system approaches used in arctic climate with the emphasis on the importance of a maintenance program that allows building operators to successfully troubleshoot and maintain buildings in the arctic. More detailed discussion of concepts presented in this paper can be found in the Guide [1] where these concepts are illustrated by best practice examples from U.S. military bases in Alaska and Søndre Strømfjord, the international airport of Greenland that previously was used as a U.S. military base. The paper results from experts’ discussions during the Consultation Forum “Thermal Energy Systems Resilience in Cold/Arctic Climates” [2] and research conducted under the IEA EBC Annex 73, the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) Project “Technologies Integration to Achieve Resilient, Low-Energy Military Installations” and U.S. Army Program project 633734T1500 under Military Engineering Technology Demonstration. The paper is complementary to the ASHRAE Cold Climate Design Guide [3] with a focus on resilience of thermal energy systems.

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Calise, Francesco, Massimo Dentice d’Accadia, and Maria Vicidomini. "Integrated Solar Thermal Systems." Energies 15, no. 10 (May 23, 2022): 3831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103831.

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BENNOUNA, SAAD. "NVH investigation of automotive HVAC brushless motors." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 265, no. 6 (February 1, 2023): 1751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2022_0248.

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In the automotive industry, thermal systems are of critical importance in securing optimum vehicle operating, preserving battery capacities and ensuring passenger comfort. These systems involve a wide range of components with various technologies, designs and more innovation. Currently, thermal engine market shares are decreasing as facing increasing electrification trends worldwide. Consequently, thermal systems may become major sources of noise and vibration that may emerge inside the car cabin. This may cause significant discomfort to passengers and can create disturbances to passersby outside the car. As a system supplier, Valeo ensures NVH compliance according to internal standards and OEM specifications during development and production stages. However, as electrification trends involve more and more innovations with less technical background, ensuring NVH compliance becomes a formidable challenge to deal with. Among the main NVH sources, the HVAC Brushless motor is highly critical as implanted inside the car cabin. This paper focuses on the main NVH topics encountered on HVAC BLDC motors. First, the NVH sources are analyzed from mechanical and magnetic design perspectives. Furthermore, solutions to control the NVH behavior are presented which sets the product's intrinsic limitations and operating conditions. Finally, from a technical compliance perspective, specification design implications are discussed.

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Cvok, Ivan, Igor Ratković, and Joško Deur. "Multi-Objective Optimisation-Based Design of an Electric Vehicle Cabin Heating Control System for Improved Thermal Comfort and Driving Range." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041203.

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Modern electric vehicle heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems operate in more efficient heat pump mode, thus, improving the driving range under cold ambient conditions. Coupling those HVAC systems with novel heating technologies such as infrared heating panels (IRP) results in a complex system with multiple actuators, which needs to be optimally coordinated to maximise the efficiency and comfort. The paper presents a multi-objective genetic algorithm-based control input allocation method, which relies on a multi-physical HVAC model and a CFD-evaluated cabin airflow distribution model implemented in Dymola. The considered control inputs include the cabin inlet air temperature, blower and radiator fan air mass flows, secondary coolant loop pump speeds, and IRP control settings. The optimisation objective is to minimise total electric power consumption and thermal comfort described by predictive mean vote (PMV) index. Optimisation results indicate that HVAC and IRP controls are effectively decoupled, and that a significant reduction of power consumption (typically from 20% to 30%) can be achieved using IRPs while maintaining the same level of thermal comfort. The previously proposed hierarchical HVAC control strategy is parameterised and extended with a PMV-based controller acting via IRP control inputs. The performance is verified through simulations in a heat-up scenario, and the power consumption reduction potential is analysed for different cabin air temperature setpoints.

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Parthan, B. "Indian scenario in solar thermal concentrating technologies." Le Journal de Physique IV 09, PR3 (March 1999): Pr3–211—Pr3–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1999331.

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Ghafoor, Abdul, and Anjum Munir. "Worldwide overview of solar thermal cooling technologies." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 43 (March 2015): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.073.

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Wang, R. Z., and X. Q. Zhai. "Development of solar thermal technologies in China." Energy 35, no. 11 (November 2010): 4407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.04.005.

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Al-Alili, Ali, Yunho Hwang, and Reinhard Radermacher. "Review of solar thermal air conditioning technologies." International Journal of Refrigeration 39 (March 2014): 4–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.11.028.

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Răboacă, Maria Simona, Gheorghe Badea, Adrian Enache, Constantin Filote, Gabriel Răsoi, Mihai Rata, Alexandru Lavric, and Raluca-Andreea Felseghi. "Concentrating Solar Power Technologies." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061048.

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Nowadays, the evolution of solar energy use has turned into a profound issue because of the implications of many points of view, such as technical, social, economic and environmental that impose major constraints for policy-makers in optimizing solar energy alternatives. The topographical constraints regarding the availability of inexhaustible solar energy is driving field development and highlights the need for increasingly more complex solar power systems. The solar energy is an inexhaustible source of CO2 emission-free energy at a global level. Solar thermal technologies may produce electric power when they are associated with thermal energy storage, and this may be used as a disposable source of limitless energy. Furthermore, it can also be used in industrial processes. Using these high-tech systems in a large area of practice emboldens progress at the performance level. This work compiles the latest literature in order to provide a timely review of the evolution and worldwide implementation of Concentrated Solar Power—CSP—mechanization. The objective of this analysis is to provide thematic documentation as a basis for approaching the concept of a polygeneration solar system and the implementation possibilities. It also aims to highlight the role of the CSP in the current and future world energy system.

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Conceição, Eusébio, João Gomes, Manuela Lúcio, and Hazim Awbi. "Numerical Design of a DSF System Subjected to Solar Energy and Applied in Building Occupied Spaces." E3S Web of Conferences 362 (2022): 05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236205005.

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A numerical design of a DSF (Double Skin Facade) system subjected to solar energy and applied to the heating of occupied spaces inside a building, in winter conditions, is presented in this study. The simulation is done using a building dynamic thermal response software to assess, among other parameters, the solar radiation incident on the DSF, the occupant thermal comfort level, indoor air quality level and thermal energy production. The occupant thermal comfort level is assessed by the Predicted Mean Vote index. The indoor air quality is assessed by the carbon dioxide concentration. The space considered in this study is an auditorium occupied by 210 people. The DSF system was installed on the south facade of this auditorium. The DSF system consists of 25 DSF. Each DSF consists of two surfaces, an opaque interior and a transparent exterior, separated by an air channel. This channel is used to heat the air that will be transported, through ducts, to the indoor HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning) system, which is founded on a mixing ventilation system. The thermal energy produced in this way ensures an acceptable level of thermal comfort during most of the occupancy time and a level of indoor air quality close to acceptable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the HVAC system guarantees a good compromise between the thermal comfort of the occupants and the quality of the indoor air.

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Chen, Gang, and Jacob Karni. "INTRODUCTION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN SOLAR-THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES." Annual Review of Heat Transfer 15, no. 15 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/annualrevheattransfer.2012004827.

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Chaibi, M. T. "Thermal Solar Desalination Technologies for Small-Scale Irrigation." American Journal of Energy Research 1, no. 2 (April 23, 2013): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajer-1-2-1.

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TANAKA, Tadayoshi. "Future prospect of solar thermal energy utilization technologies." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 54, no. 505 (1988): 2261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.54.2261.

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Al_Qasab, Mohammed R., Qahtan A. Abed, Wisam A. Abd Al-wahid, and Jameel T. Al-Naffakh. "Comparative Investigation for Solar Thermal Energy Technologies System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1362 (November 2019): 012116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1362/1/012116.

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Fath, Hassan E. S. "Technical assessment of solar thermal energy storage technologies." Renewable Energy 14, no. 1-4 (May 1998): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00044-5.

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PERKINS, C. "Likely near-term solar-thermal water splitting technologies." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 29, no. 15 (December 2004): 1587–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.02.019.

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Fu, Yu, Fei Ying Fu, and Xin Bin Wang. "Assessment of Solar Thermal Technology Utilized in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 1338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.1338.

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In this paper, solar thermal technologies utilized in building sectors in China is assessed. For solar thermal technologies, the main reason causes low utilized is high capital cost. In this study, some works have done to assess solar thermal technologies utilized in building sectors in China from the technology and economic aspects.

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He, Lei, Bo Lei, Haiquan Bi, and Tao Yu. "Simplified Building Thermal Model Used for Optimal Control of Radiant Cooling System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2976731.

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MPC has the ability to optimize the system operation parameters for energy conservation. Recently, it has been used in HVAC systems for saving energy, but there are very few applications in radiant cooling systems. To implement MPC in buildings with radiant terminals, the predictions of cooling load and thermal environment are indispensable. In this paper, a simplified thermal model is proposed for predicting cooling load and thermal environment in buildings with radiant floor. In this thermal model, the black-box model is introduced to derive the incident solar radiation, while the genetic algorithm is utilized to identify the parameters of the thermal model. In order to further validate this simplified thermal model, simulated results from TRNSYS are compared with those from this model and the deviation is evaluated based on coefficient of variation of root mean square (CV). The results show that the simplified model can predict the operative temperature with a CV lower than 1% and predict cooling loads with a CV lower than 10%. For the purpose of supervisory control in HVAC systems, this simplified RC thermal model has an acceptable accuracy and can be used for further MPC in buildings with radiation terminals.

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Shatnawi, Hashem, Chin Wai Lim, and Firas Basim Ismail. "Solar Thermal Power: Appraisal of Solar Power Towers." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822504003.

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This study delves into several engineering procedures related to solar power tower plants. These installations come with central receiver system technologies and high-temperature power cycles. Besides a summary emphasizing on the fundamental components of a solar power tower, this paper also forwards a description of three receiver designs. Namely, these are the tubular receiver, the volumetric receiver and the direct absorber receiver. A variety of heat transfer mediums were assessed, while a comprehensive explanation was provided on the elements of external solar cylindrical receivers. This explanation covers tube material, molten salt, tube diameter and heat flux.

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Hammoud, Jad, and Elise Abi Rached. "Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in the Traditional Bourgeoisie Houses in Beirut." International Journal of Applied Science 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ijas.v3n1p1.

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The increasing of energy demands has considerably increased the requirements for new and traditional buildings in different climate zones. Unprecedented heat waves have increased climate temperature, in particular, in moderate climate zones such as Lebanon. In Beirut, only the residential sector consumes 50% of total electricity consumption. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning) systems are used to reach acceptable thermal comfort levels in the new residential buildings. In case of the traditional bourgeoisie houses in Beirut, there are no discussions about the use of HVAC systems to achieve the required thermal comfort level. Thus, to reach an acceptable thermal comfort level, these houses which already contain natural ventilation system shall adapt the modern thermal comfort requirements and thermal comfort strategies and technologies where their architectural features and existing materials condition the available solutions. In order to identify the best options within the possible intervention lines (envelopes, passive strategies, equipment, renewable energy systems), it is necessary to perceive the real performance of this type of houses. In this context, the article presents the results of the study of thermal performance and comfort in a three case studies located in Beirut. Detailed field data records collected are analyzed, with a view to identify the indoor thermal environment with respect to outdoor thermal environment in different seasons. Monitoring also included measurement of hygrothermal parameters and surveys of occupant thermal sensation.

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Ghodbane, Mokhtar, Boussad Boumeddane, and Khadija Lahrech. "Solar thermal energy to drive ejector HVAC systems: A numerical study under Blida climatic conditions." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 28 (December 2021): 101558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101558.

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Giusto, Edoardo, Filippo Gandino, Michele Greco, Michelangelo Grosso, Bartolomeo Montrucchio, and Salvatore Rinaudo. "An Investigation on Pervasive Technologies for IoT-based Thermal Monitoring." Sensors 19, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030663.

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Indoor thermal monitoring is a crucial requirement for home automation, which fits inside the ever-growing Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. The IoT ecosystem aims at connecting every device exploiting specific functions, deployed in a particular place, in order to give the chance to the users to monitor and/or control some aspects of their life, or to demand this task to a proper software. In the thermal monitoring context, IoT provides new opportunities for a dense and/or large-scale distribution of sensors, which have to gather data in order to effectively control the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Several wireless technologies can be exploited for this scope. However, they involve different benefits and drawbacks. In particular, this study is focused on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Bluetooth®, which represent two well-known wireless technological standards used by commercial electronics but suitable also for pervasive IoT systems. These technologies are discussed and compared from several points of view, i.e., flexibility, reliability, battery life and cost of the system. A theoretical analysis highlights their benefits for the application context and evaluates their suitability to dense and large-scale monitoring systems. The theoretical results are supported by an experimental analysis based on the implementation and test of two different systems, one using RFID and the other using Bluetooth technology.

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Sharma, Ajay, Shubham Kumar Mishra, Ashutosh Kumar Verma, and Laxmikant Yadav. "A Technical Review of Available Desiccant Design Techniques." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1259, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1259/1/012004.

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Abstract Desiccant wheel system is a topic of research because of increased requirement in HVAC industry and in dehumidification industry. In HVAC industry desiccant cooling system operating on regenerating heat supply from renewable source as solar are making their impact and desiccant wheel plays important role as main part in dehumidification industry. It’s been approximately two decades since the desiccant wheel has made around in market for large level. Many designs and technologies are already available for desiccant wheels and some are available within the research and experiments only. This article provides a better understanding of available research and designs for desiccant wheel systems. Review for difference of liquid and solid desiccants operated cooling systems, various regenerating technologies used for desiccant different desiccant material and different materials for subtract of desiccant wheel, different construction design in terms of number of sectors and direction of air flowing in the desiccant sections prepared and discussed here. Apart from this various simulation models of desiccant systems studied based on mathematical models are studied here. Based on these reviews an effective conclusion is given for desiccant operated systems. At the end of the review future possibilities for advancement in desiccant industries are mentioned.

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Mehmood, Sajid, Serguey A. Maximov, Hannah Chalmers, and Daniel Friedrich. "Energetic, Economic and Environmental (3E) Assessment and Design of Solar-Powered HVAC Systems in Pakistan." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 4333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174333.

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Rapid urbanization, global warming and enhanced quality of life have significantly increased the demand of indoor thermal comfort and air conditioning systems are not a luxury anymore, but a necessity. In order to fulfil this need, it is imperative to develop affordable and environmentally friendly cooling solutions for buildings. In this work, the 3E performance (energetic, economic and environmental) of electrically driven water-cooled vapour compression systems and thermally (solar) driven vapour absorption cooling systems are evaluated and the parameters affecting the performance of solar-driven vapour absorption systems are investigated. The energy simulation software TRNSYS is used to simulate the performance of both systems in order to fulfil the cooling needs of an industrial manufacturing building for the typical climate conditions for Lahore, Pakistan. Primary energy saving, initial investment, operational cost, and carbon footprint indices are used to analyse the performance of both systems. In addition, a parametric code is written in Python and linked with TRNSYS to perform a parametric study to investigate the effects of various parameters such as solar field size, storage tank volume, optimum annual and monthly collector angles, and flow rate in the solar field on the solar-driven vapour absorption chiller performance. The results reveal that around 5% more energy can be absorbed per collector surface area by changing the solar tilt angle on a monthly basis compared to one fixed angle. The analysis shows that electrically driven vapour compression-based cooling systems have much higher running cost and are potentially hazardous for the environment but have lower capital costs. On the other hand, solar thermal systems have lower running costs and emissions but require further reductions in the capital costs or government subsidies to make them viable.

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S, Akshaya, and Swetha S. "Effective Implementation of Solar Thermal Energy in Industries." Technoarete Transactions on Renewable Energy, Green Energy and Sustainability 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ttregs/01.01.a001.

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In current days the global world recognizes that solar thermal energies are useful technology, for this reason the demand for solar thermal technologies are increasing day by day. Solar thermal energies are used for several applications such as space heating, air conditioning, hot water, industrial process heats and many more. However, there are various problems with using solar energy in industries, the implementation cost of solar energy is high, and companies face trouble to implement solar technologies. Keyword : solar thermal energy, domestic consumption, sustainable energy

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Badran, Younis, and Ishaq Sider. "Solar Cooling Technologies in Jordan: A Technical Study." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 16 (October 8, 2021): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2021.16.23.

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In the recent years, solar cooling technologies for buildings have garnered increased attention. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of current solar thermal and solar photovoltaic (PV) air-conditioning technologies. Hence, the annual heating/cooling load profile and energy consumption of a reference building in the climate of Aqaba, Jordan were simulated using the TRNSYS software. The solar thermal and solar PV air-conditioning systems were designed and simulated to compensate the cooling demands. It was found that the annual cooling energy accounted for 96.3 % of the total annual energy demand (heating plus cooling) of the reference building. The solar PV and solar thermal air-conditioning systems compensated for direct cooling by 35.8 % and 30.9 %, respectively, and the corresponding compensations of cooling energy by the storage system were 7.3 % and 11.9 %, respectively. Thus, through this comparative study, we found that the storage system significantly contributed in compensating the cooling demands of the solar thermal system; however, the compensation to direct cooling was lower relative to the solar PV system

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Wüest, Thomas, Lars O. Grobe, and Andreas Luible. "An Innovative Façade Element with Controlled Solar-Thermal Collector and Storage." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 5281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135281.

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A novel façade element is presented that forms a symbiosis between an enhanced box-type window, a closed cavity façade, and a Trombe wall. This hybrid, transparent-opaque façade element features an absorbing water tank, that is installed behind a controlled shading device toward the cavity of a non-ventilated Double Skin Façade in the parapet section. To evaluate the potential impact on building performance, a transient simulation model is developed in Modelica and calibrated by comparison with measurements on a prototype. The effect of the absorbing thermal storage on heat transfers under solar radiation is analyzed in comparison to (i) conditions excluding solar radiation and (ii) an empty tank. An evaluation for four European cities demonstrates that the annual heating demand can be reduced by more than 4.2% and cooling demand by at least 6.6% compared to a façade without thermal storage. The effect is explained not only by the increased thermal mass, but also by the effective modulation of solar gains by the controlled absorbing storage. The dampening of heat flow fluctuations and the control of solar gains is a promising means to reduce the installed power of HVAC (heating/ventilating/air conditioning) installations.

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Anand, B., R. Shankar, S. Murugavelh, W. Rivera, K. Midhun Prasad, and R. Nagarajan. "A review on solar photovoltaic thermal integrated desalination technologies." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 141 (May 2021): 110787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110787.

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Alarcón Villamil, Alexander, Jairo Eduardo Hortúa, and Andrea López. "Comparison of thermal solar collector technologies and their applications." TECCIENCIA 8, no. 15 (October 2013): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2013.15.3.

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Ullah, Ihsan, and Mohammad Rasul. "Recent Developments in Solar Thermal Desalination Technologies: A Review." Energies 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010119.

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Fresh water resources are depleting rapidly as the water demand around the world continues to increase. Fresh water resources are also not equally distributed geographically worldwide. The best way to tackle this situation is to use solar energy for desalination to not only cater for the water needs of humanity, but also to offset some detrimental environmental effects of desalination. A comprehensive review of the latest literature on various desalination technologies utilizing solar energy is presented here. This paper also highlights the environmental impacts of desalination technologies along with an economic analysis and cost comparison of conventional desalination methods with different solar energy based technologies. This review is part of an investigation into integration of solar thermal desalination into existing grid infrastructure in the Australian context.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar thermal HVAC technologies'

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