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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar scenery'
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1
Huang, Tong. "Design of Scenery Complementary Solar Water Heater Based on Eddy Current Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 620–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.620.
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This paper uses scenery complementary heating method to discuss a new type of scenery complementary water heater design. This product can be divided into two parts. The first part is the eddy current method wind power heating part, which is driven by wind power and vertical axis wind turbines and the design of magnet array rotor disc rotation, namely, magnetic field rotating, induced eddy current in the stator, so as to generate heat. The second part is the solar heating part. This works has broad market prospect, which provides a new idea for large-scaled heating method.
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Zhang, Dong Sheng, and Bao Xin Sun. "Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City Wind and Solar Hybrid Lamps Testing System Design and Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 391 (September 2013): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.391.277.
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In this paper, we study the wind and solar hybrid lamps testing system which is based on wireless communication design. The collected data will be calculated. The paper analyses six typical points to research the solar energy, wind energy to the battery energy conversion. Moreover, the paper also analyses the scenery energy and fan speed data for four seasons, providing scientific basis for eco-city management analysis of local natural resources utilization.
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Dias, Miguel Sales, Jorge d'Alpuim, and Pedro Caetano. "Galactica, a Digital Planetarium for Immersive Virtual Reality Settings." International Journal of Creative Interfaces and Computer Graphics 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcicg.2016010102.
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The authors describe a new Digital Planetarium system and application (“Galactica”), for interactive visualization of astrophysical data and phenomena in immersive virtual reality (VR) settings, based in OpenSceneGraph (OSG). Galactica enables a visual and aural experience of a virtual space traveler, that can go anywhere in the Solar System and the Milky Way at any speed. The application was tested with an available dataset of such scenery, featuring 100 629 textured billboards representing stars and additional 104 328 polygons, representing constellations, orbits, planets and respective moons of the Solar System. The authors have computed the frame rate, GPU traverse time, Cull traverse time and Draw traverse time for three visualization conditions: (A) standard OSG view frustum culling technique; (B) view frustum culling with an octree organization of the scene; (C) view frustum culling with same organization of the scene and the occlusion culling algorithm. They have generally concluded that their acceleration techniques out-performs the standard OSG view frustum culling for the mentioned metrics, when around half or less than half of the dataset is in view of the virtual camera.
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Li, Shengshan. "Study on control strategy of output stability of wind-solar reservoir thermal system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2108, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2108/1/012043.
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Abstract In view of the landscape reservoir heat output coordinated control demand, based on the topology of the hybrid energy storage system of the three ports heating model, using the sunlight with the electricity output of the complementary and heat accumulation can be regulatory, intends to research a kind of based on photo-thermal storage heat and scenery electricity heating output port control method, in order to achieve the goal of fast and smooth regulating heat output fluctuations, The coordinated output control of integrated wind-landscape storage and heat collection is realized.
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Ruiz, Michael J. "Video of scenery during a total eclipse: luminance and effects of solar limb darkening." Physics Education 54, no. 3 (February 21, 2019): 035001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/ab0311.
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Yang, Lin, Xiangdong Li, and Jiyuan Tu. "Thermal comfort analysis of a high-speed train cabin considering the solar radiation effects." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 8 (September 18, 2019): 1101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19876082.
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Due to the fast development of high-speed rail (HSR) around the world, high-speed trains (HSTs) are becoming a strong competitor against airliners in terms of long-distance travel. Compared with airliner cabins, HST cabins have much larger window sizes. When the big windows provide better lighting and view of the scenery, they also have significant effects on the thermal conditions in the cabins due to the solar radiation through them. This study presents a numerical study on the solar radiation on the thermal comfort in a typical HST cabin. The effect of solar radiation was discussed in terms of airflow pattern, temperature distribution and thermal comfort indices. Parametric studies with seven different daytime hours were carried out. The effect of using the roller curtain was also studied. The overall cabin air temperature, especially near passengers, was found to have significantly increased by solar radiation. Passengers sitting next to windows were recorded to have an obvious thermal comfort variation at different hours of the day. To improve the passengers’ comfort and reduce energy consumption during hot weather, the use of a curtain could effectively reduce the solar radiation effect in the cabin environment.
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Chen, Yan, Chunyan Ma, Xiangnan Hou, Yinke Dou, and Rui Chen. "Design and Implementation of a Polar Wind and Solar Hybrid Power Supply Controller." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 3953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9193953.
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Based on the preliminary study of the distribution of wind and light resources in the Zhongshan Station of Antarctica, and the conclusion that the scenery and resources of the station area are sufficient and complementary, this paper proposes to adapt to the power supply problem of the aeroponic, stereoscopic cultivation device in the Controlled Micro-environment applied to the polar regions. The overall architecture of the power supply system is designed. Based on the STC8A8K64S4A12 single-chip microcomputer, the hardware circuit and software program of the wind and solar hybrid power supply system controller are also designed. Finally, the debugging experiment is carried out.
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Wang, Yuan, and Haojie Liu. "Reliability Assessment of the Wind-solar-battery Storage System Based on Optimized Configuration." ITM Web of Conferences 17 (2018): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181701018.
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In order to analyze the impact of new energy power generation on the power grid system, the reliability evaluation of the wind-solarbattery storage system is carried out. Proposed to wind power, solar, thermal power, different sodium-sulfur battery storage combined optimal dispatch of scenery. The shortest variance of the net load and the maximum variance of the wind storage system are taken as the objective function. The short-term optimal scheduling model of the power grid is established based on the characteristics of the wind farm, the characteristics of the solar field and the electric field of the sodium flow battery. Multi-objective particle swarm optimization The algorithm solves the model and obtains the output power of wind, light, storage and fire under different new energy strategies. The reliability is evaluated by Monte-Carlo method. Taking the IEEE-30 node as an example, it is proved that the proposed model is reasonable and the new energy can improve the clean energy consumption ability and minimize the impact on the power grid under the optimal scheduling strategy.
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Sunaryo and Pradhana Shadu Imfianto. "Electrical System Design of Solar-Powered Electrical Water Recreational and Sport Vessel." E3S Web of Conferences 130 (2019): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913001029.
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Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago with more than 17 000 islands, and the best marine tourism destination due to its beautiful beaches and underwater scenery, but Indonesia is also the most vulnerable country to be affected by climate change due to the greenhouse effect. Besides industry, the transportation sector is the highest contributor to the global greenhouse effect. In order to reduce the source of the greenhouse effect, the Indonesian Government has committed to using new and renewable energy as an alternative to fossil-based fuel. In an attempt to contribute to the Government’s efforts and to advance the national marine tourism, the research is aimed to design water recreational and sport vessel that powered by a solar generated electric engine, as further development of Universitas Indonesia’s solar boat participated in International Solar-boat Challenge competition in the Netherlands. The research is focused on the effective use of solar energy as the main source for powering the vessel’s electrical engine, based on the existing optimum shape and dimensions of the boat. Information and data regarding the arrangement of the vessel, solar electric generation processes and vessel powering system obtained from literature study, discussion with experts, and on the spot surveys of various recreational vessels were used as input for the calculation and simulation of the vessel being investigated. The research results are expected could be further developed for other related usages such as fish farming, coastal fishing rig, floating restaurant, etc.
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Taylor, Richard. "The Potential of Biophilic Fractal Designs to Promote Health and Performance: A Review of Experiments and Applications." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020823.
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Fractal objects are prevalent in natural scenery. Their repetition of patterns at increasingly fine magnifications creates a rich complexity. Fractals displaying mid-range complexity are the most common and include trees, clouds, and mountains. The “fractal fluency” model states that human vision has adapted to process these mid-range fractals with ease. I will first discuss fractal fluency and demonstrate how it enhances the observer’s visual capabilities by focusing on experiments that have important practical consequences for improving the built environment. These enhanced capabilities generate an aesthetic experience and physiological stress reduction. I will discuss strategies for integrating fractals into building designs to induce positive impacts on the observer. Examples include fractal solar panels, fractal window shades, and fractal floor patterns. These applications of fractal fluency represent a fundamental and potentially impactful form of salutogenesis.
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Lee, Mi-Hyang, Deuk-Youm Cheon, and Seung-Hoon Han. "A Technical Assessment of Comfort Performance of Hanok Using Comparative Field Surveys between Experts and Users." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 10315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410315.
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The paper aims to evaluate the psychological factors of the comfort performance of the hanok. This is to guide restoration and improvement in consideration of the intangible variables that provide the quality of the hanok. Through this process, we ultimately intend to build an integrated residential performance evaluation system that includes factors related to the quality of residents’ lives, such as the comfort of their surrounding and indoor environment, as well as the functionality and convenience of the hanok, a representative type of Korean traditional architecture. The test method to evaluate the comfort performance of hanok is largely divided into the physical perception element, which is a quantitative indicator, and the psychological cognitive element, which is a qualitative indicator. Physical perceptive factors are composed of nine quantifiable factors that can be measured by numerical values, namely humidity control, condensation, insulation, thermal comfort, air permeability, solar radiation, solar lighting, sound insulation, and air cleanness. This is a perceptual concept of viewing a building as it is, and a quantitative evaluation method of measuring data in the field using environmental sensors and equipment. Psychological cognitive factors that are evaluated based on the experiences of users (residents) living in hanok, are classified into five categories, of scenery, beauty, deodorization, usability, and health. This study was conducted through a questionnaire between experts and users (residents), limited to the psychological factors among methods of evaluating the comfort performance of hanok. As a result, it can be seen that environmental factors are the main variables that influence the degree of satisfaction with the psychological perception factor. This might be a merit factor of general hanok, and weight could be given when creating an integrated standard in the future.
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Hinkelman, Laura M., K. Franklin Evans, Eugene E. Clothiaux, Thomas P. Ackerman, and Paul W. Stackhouse. "The Effect of Cumulus Cloud Field Anisotropy on Domain-Averaged Solar Fluxes and Atmospheric Heating Rates." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 3499–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas4032.1.
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Abstract Cumulus clouds can become tilted or elongated in the presence of wind shear. Nevertheless, most studies of the interaction of cumulus clouds and radiation have assumed these clouds to be isotropic. This paper describes an investigation of the effect of fair-weather cumulus cloud field anisotropy on domain-averaged solar fluxes and atmospheric heating rate profiles. A stochastic field generation algorithm was used to produce 20 three-dimensional liquid water content fields based on the statistical properties of cloud scenes from a large eddy simulation. Progressively greater degrees of x–z plane tilting and horizontal stretching were imposed on each of these scenes, so that an ensemble of scenes was produced for each level of distortion. The resulting scenes were used as input to a three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer model. Domain-averaged transmission, reflection, and absorption of broadband solar radiation were computed for each scene along with the average heating rate profile. Both tilt and horizontal stretching were found to significantly affect calculated fluxes, with the amount and sign of flux differences depending strongly on sun position relative to cloud distortion geometry. The mechanisms by which anisotropy interacts with solar fluxes were investigated by comparisons to independent pixel approximation and tilted independent pixel approximation computations for the same scenes. Cumulus anisotropy was found to most strongly impact solar radiative transfer by changing the effective cloud fraction (i.e., the cloud fraction with respect to the solar beam direction).
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Cowen, Ron. "Solar System Scenes." Science News 147, no. 13 (April 1, 1995): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3978884.
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Di Giuseppe, F., and A. M. Tompkins. "Impact of Cloud Cover on Solar Radiative Biases in Deep Convective Regimes." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 1989–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3442.1.
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Abstract Conflicting claims have been made concerning the magnitude of the bias in solar radiative transfer calculations when horizontal photon transport is neglected for deep convective scenarios. The difficulty of obtaining a realistic set of cloud scenes for situations of complex cloud geometry, while certain characteristics such as total cloud cover are systematically controlled, has hindered the attempt to reach a consensus. Here, a simple alternative approach is adopted. An ensemble of cloud scenes generated by a cloud resolving model are modified by an idealized function that progressively alters the cirrus anvil coverage without affecting the realism of the scene produced. Comparing three-dimensional radiative calculations with the independent column approximation for all cloud scenes, it is found that the bias in scene albedo can reach as much as 22% when the sun is overhead and 46% at low sun angles. The bias is an asymmetrical function of cloud cover with a maximum attained at cirrus anvil cloud cover of approximately 30%–40%. With a cloud cover of 15%, the bias is half its maximum value, while it is limited for coverage exceeding 80%. The position of the peak occurs at the cloud cover coinciding with the maximum number of independent clouds present in the scene. Increasing the cloud cover past this point produces a decrease in the number of isolated clouds because of cloud merging, with a consequential bias reduction. With this systematic documentation of the biases as a function of total cloud cover, it is possible to identify two contributions to the total error: the geometrical consequences of the effective cloud cover increase at low sun angles and the true 3D scattering effect of photons deviating from the original path direction. An attempt to account for the former geometrical contribution to the 1D bias is made by performing a simple correction technique, whereby the field is sheared by the tangent of the solar zenith angle. It is found that this greatly reduces the 1D biases at low sun angles. Because of the small aspect ratio of the cirrus cloud deck, the remaining bias contribution is small in magnitude and almost independent of solar zenith angle.
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Zhan, Yizhe, Larry Di Girolamo, Roger Davies, and Catherine Moroney. "Instantaneous Top-of-Atmosphere Albedo Comparison between CERES and MISR over the Arctic." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2018): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121882.
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The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) albedo is one of the key parameters in determining the Arctic radiation budget, with continued validation of its retrieval accuracy still required. Based on three years (2007, 2015, 2016) of summertime (May–September) observations from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) and the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), collocated instantaneous albedos for overcast ocean and snow/ice scenes were compared within the Arctic. For samples where both instruments classified the scene as overcast, the relative root-mean-square (RMS) difference between the sample albedos grew as the solar zenith angle (SZA) increased. The RMS differences that were purely due to differential Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF) anisotropic corrections ( σ A D M ) were estimated to be less than 4% for overcast ocean and overcast snow/ice when the SZA ≤ 70°. The significant agreement between the CERES and MISR strongly increased our confidence in using the instruments overcast cloud albedos in Arctic studies. Nevertheless, there was less agreement in the cloud albedos for larger solar zenith angles, where the RMS differences of σ A D M reached 13.5% for overcast ocean scenes when the SZA > 80°. Additionally, inconsistencies between the CERES and MISR scene identifications were examined, resulting in an overall recommendation for improvements to the MISR snow/ice mask and a rework of the MISR Albedo Cloud Designation (ACD) field by incorporating known strengths of the standard MISR cloud masks.
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Lv, Sitong, Jianguo Li, Yongxin Guo, and Zhong Shi. "A Typical Distributed Generation Scenario Reduction Method Based on an Improved Clustering Algorithm." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204262.
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In recent years, distributed generation (DG) technology has developed rapidly. Renewable energy, represented by wind energy and solar energy, has been widely studied and utilized. In order to give full play to the advantages of distributed generation and to meet the challenges of DG access to the power grid, the multi-scenario analysis method commonly used in DG optimal allocation method is studied in this paper. In order to solve the problems that may arise from using large-scale scenes in the planning of DG considering uncertainties by using multi-scene analysis method, the cluster analysis method suitable for large-scale scene reduction in scene reduction method is introduced firstly, and then an improved clustering algorithm is proposed. The validity of the scene reduction method is tested, and the feasibility of the reduction method is verified. Finally, the method mentioned in this paper is compared with other commonly used methods through IEEE-33 node system.
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Flam, Faye. "Scene From a Solar Thriller." Science 256, no. 5064 (June 19, 1992): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.256.5064.1632.b.
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Flam, Faye. "Scene From a Solar Thriller." Science 256, no. 5064 (June 19, 1992): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.256.5064.1632-b.
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suchy, Cornelius. "Nepal's solar hot water scene." Refocus 3, no. 1 (January 2002): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-0846(02)80009-9.
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Flam, F. "Scene From a Solar Thriller." Science 256, no. 5064 (June 19, 1992): 1632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.256.5064.1632-a.
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He, Zijing, Simei Lin, Kunjian Wen, Wenqian Hao, and Ling Chen. "Effects of Mixture Mode on the Canopy Bidirectional Reflectance of Coniferous–Broadleaved Mixed Plantations." Forests 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020235.
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One of the main initiatives for China to achieve the goal of being carbon neutral before 2060 is transforming monocultures into mixed plantations in subtropical China, because mixed forests possess a higher quality than monocultures in various ways. Very high spatial resolution (VHR) satellite imagery is very promising to precisely monitor the transformation process under the premise of clarifying the canopy reflectance anisotropy of mixed plantations. However, it is almost impossible to understand the canopy reflectance anisotropy of mixed plantations with real satellite data due to the extreme lack of multiangular VHR satellite images. In this study, the effects of the mixture mode on the canopy bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) were comprehensively analyzed with simulated VHR images. The three-dimensional (3D) Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer model (DART) was used to construct a pure coniferous scene, a pure broadleaved scene, and 27 coniferous–broadleaved mixed plantation scenes containing 3 mixture patterns (i.e., mixed by single trees, mixed by stripes, and mixed by patches) and 9 mixing proportions (i.e., from 10% to 90% with the interval of 10%), and to simulate red (R) and near-infrared (NIR) VHR images for these 3D scenes at both the solar principal plane (SPP) and perpendicular plane (PP) under different solar-viewing geometries. Negative correlations were generally found between the canopy BRF and the ratio of conifers in a mixed stand. The anisotropy of conifer dominated plantations is more prominent than broadleaf dominated plantations, especially for the single tree mixture. Although the level of anisotropy is much lower for PP than SPP, it should not be ignored, especially for the R band. Observations under large viewing zenith angles at PP are more preferred to study the effect of mixing proportions, followed by forward observations at SPP. The R band image has higher potential to distinguish mixture patterns for broadleaf-dominated situations, while the NIR band image has a higher potential for conifer-dominated situations. Furthermore, the canopy BRF generally increases with the solar zenith angle, and one meter can be considered as the optimal spatial resolution for the optical monitoring of the mixture mode. The findings of the current study add some valuable theoretical knowledge for the accurate monitoring of coniferous–broadleaved mixed plantations with VHR imagery.
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Scarino, Benjamin, David R. Doelling, Rajendra Bhatt, Arun Gopalan, and Conor Haney. "Evaluating the Magnitude of VIIRS Out-of-Band Response for Varying Earth Spectra." Remote Sensing 12, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 3267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12193267.
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Prior evaluations of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) out-of-band (OOB) contribution to total signal revealed specification exceedance for multiple key solar reflective and infrared bands that are of interest to the passive remote-sensing community. These assessments are based on laboratory measurements, and although highly useful, do not necessarily translate to OOB contribution with consideration of true Earth-reflected or Earth-emitted spectra, especially given the significant spectral variation of Earth targets. That is, although the OOB contribution of VIIRS is well known, it is not a uniform quantity applicable across all scene types. As such, this article quantifies OOB contribution for multiple relative spectral response characterization versions across the S-NPP, NOAA-20, and JPSS-2 VIIRS sensors as a function of varied SCIAMACHY- and IASI-measured hyperspectral Earth-reflected and Earth-emitted scenes. For instance, this paper reveals measured radiance variations of nearly 2% for the S-NPP VIIRS M5 (~0.67 μm) band, and up to 5.7% for certain VIIRS M9 (~1.38 μm) and M13 (~4.06 μm) bands that are owed solely to the truncation of OOB response for a set of spectrally distinct Earth scenes. If unmitigated, e.g., by only considering the published extended bandpass, such variations may directly translate to scene-dependent scaling discrepancies or subtle errors in vegetative index determinations. Therefore, knowledge of OOB effects is especially important for inter-calibration or environmental retrieval efforts that rely on specific or multiple categories of Earth scene spectra, and also to researchers whose products rely on the impacted channels. Additionally, instrument teams may find this evaluation method useful for pre-launch characterization of OOB contribution with specific Earth targets in mind rather than relying on general models.
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Wilcox, E. M. "Direct and semi-direct radiative forcing of smoke aerosols over clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 7 (July 25, 2011): 20947–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-20947-2011.
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Abstract. Observations from Earth observing satellites indicate that dark carbonaceous aerosols that absorb solar radiation are widespread in the tropics and subtropics. When these aerosols mix with clouds, there is generally a reduction of cloudiness owing to absorption of solar energy in the aerosol layer. Over the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean, where smoke from savannah burning in southern Africa resides above a persistent deck of marine stratocumulus clouds, radiative heating of the smoke layer leads to a thickening of the cloud layer. Here, satellite observations of the albedo of overcast scenes of 25 km2 size or larger are combined with additional satellite observations of clouds and aerosols to estimate the top-of-atmosphere direct radiative forcing attributable to presence of dark aerosol above bright cloud, and the negative semi-direct forcing attributable to the thickening of the cloud layer. The average positive direct radiative forcing by smoke over an overcast scene is 9.2±6.6 W m−2 for cases with an unambiguous signal of absorbing aerosol over cloud in passive ultraviolet remote sensing observations. However, cloud liquid water path is enhanced by 16.3±7.7 g m−2 across the range of values for sea surface temperature for cases of smoke over cloud. The negative radiative forcing associated with this semi-direct effect of smoke over clouds is estimated to be −5.9±3.5 W m−2. Therefore, the cooling associated with the semi-direct cloud thickening effect compensates for greater than 60 % of the direct radiative effect. Accounting for the frequency of occurrence of significant absorbing aerosol above overcast scenes leads to an estimate of the average direct forcing of 1.0±0.7 W m−2 contributed by these scenes averaged over the subtropical southeast Atlantic Ocean during austral winter. The regional average of the negative semi-direct forcing is −0.7±0.4 W m−2. Therefore, smoke aerosols overlaying the decks of overcast marine stratocumulus clouds considered here yield a small net positive radiative forcing, which results from the difference of two larger effects.
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Wilcox, E. M. "Direct and semi-direct radiative forcing of smoke aerosols over clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2012): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-139-2012.
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Abstract. Observations from Earth observing satellites indicate that dark carbonaceous aerosols that absorb solar radiation are widespread in the tropics and subtropics. When these aerosols mix with clouds, there is generally a reduction of cloudiness owing to absorption of solar energy in the aerosol layer. Over the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean, where smoke from savannah burning in southern Africa resides above a persistent deck of marine stratocumulus clouds, radiative heating of the smoke layer leads to a thickening of the cloud layer. Here, satellite observations of the albedo of overcast scenes of 25 km2 size or larger are combined with additional satellite observations of clouds and aerosols to estimate the top-of-atmosphere direct radiative forcing attributable to presence of dark aerosol above bright cloud, and the negative semi-direct forcing attributable to the thickening of the cloud layer. The average positive direct radiative forcing by smoke over an overcast scene is 9.2±6.6 W m−2 for cases with an unambiguous signal of absorbing aerosol over cloud in passive ultraviolet remote sensing observations. However, cloud liquid water path is enhanced by 16.3±7.7 g m−2 across the range of values for sea surface temperature for cases of smoke over cloud. The negative radiative forcing associated with this semi-direct effect of smoke over clouds is estimated to be −5.9±3.5 W m−2. Therefore, the cooling associated with the semi-direct cloud thickening effect compensates for greater than 60 % of the direct radiative effect. Accounting for the frequency of occurrence of significant absorbing aerosol above overcast scenes leads to an estimate of the average direct forcing of 1.0±0.7 W m−2 contributed by these scenes averaged over the subtropical southeast Atlantic Ocean during austral winter. The regional average of the negative semi-direct forcing is −0.7±0.4 W m−2. Therefore, smoke aerosols overlaying the decks of overcast marine stratocumulus clouds considered here yield a small net positive radiative forcing, which results from the difference of two larger effects.
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Singh, Baljit, Muhammad Fairuz Remeli, Alex Pedemont, Amandeep Oberoi, Abhijit Date, and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. "Thermal Heat Storage Gain of Salinity Gradient Solar Pond Using Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors." Advanced Materials Research 1113 (July 2015): 800–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.800.
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This paper investigates the capability of running a system which uses hot fluid from solar evacuated tube collectors to boost the temperature and overall heat storage of the solar pond. The system is circulated by a solar powered pump, producing heat energy entirely from the incoming solar radiation from the sun. Solar evacuated tube collectors use a renewable source of power directly from the sun to heat the working fluid to very high temperatures. Solar ponds are emerging on the renewable energy scene with the capacity to provide a simple and inexpensive thermal storage for the production of heat on a large scale. The results of the performance of the system show a significant heat energy increase into the solar ponds lower convective region, increasing the overall performance of the solar pond.
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Bailén, F. J., D. Orozco Suárez, J. Blanco Rodríguez, and J. C. del Toro Iniesta. "Performance of Sequential Phase Diversity with Dynamical Solar Scenes." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 263, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ac966d.
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Abstract Phase diversity techniques are usually based on the comparison of synchronously acquired pairs of focused–defocused images. This way, differences between both images are avoided except from random pixel variations due to noise on the detector and the phase diversity itself. In some astronomical instruments, though, the two images are not taken simultaneously. This work studies the impact of carrying out phase diversity with pairs of asynchronously acquired images while observing an evolving solar scene. We evaluate the performance of this technique as a function of the time gap between the images through the use of a magnetohydrodynamical simulation of the solar scene as observed by an instrument. We describe the incident wave front with two numbers of Zernike polynomials (20 or 32) to explore their effect on the wave front sensing accuracy and we employ two levels of noise to study their impact in the object restoration. We find that a time gap among our simulation images smaller than ∼10 s has a negligible impact on the performance of the method. The rms error of the Zernike coefficients fitting worsens exponentially from there on, but the evolution is similar no matter the number of polynomials used in the fitting. Meanwhile, the quality of the object restoration benefits from lower noise levels, but it decreases linearly with the time gap independently of the amount of noise.
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Karlický, Marian, and John C. Brown. "Joint Discussion 1 Particle acceleration – from solar system to AGN." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, no. 14 (August 2006): 79–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307009866.
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de Graaf, Martin, Holger Sihler, Lieuwe G. Tilstra, and Piet Stammes. "How big is an OMI pixel?" Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2016): 3607–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-3607-2016.
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Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is a push-broom imaging spectrometer, observing solar radiation backscattered by the Earth's atmosphere and surface. The incoming radiation is detected using a static imaging CCD (charge-coupled device) detector array with no moving parts, as opposed to most of the previous satellite spectrometers, which used a moving mirror to scan the Earth in the across-track direction. The field of view (FoV) of detector pixels is the solid angle from which radiation is observed, averaged over the integration time of a measurement. The OMI FoV is not quadrangular, which is common for scanning instruments, but rather super-Gaussian shaped and overlapping with the FoV of neighbouring pixels. This has consequences for pixel-area-dependent applications, like cloud fraction products, and visualisation.The shapes and sizes of OMI FoVs were determined pre-flight by theoretical and experimental tests but never verified after launch. In this paper the OMI FoV is characterised using collocated MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance measurements. MODIS measurements have a much higher spatial resolution than OMI measurements and spectrally overlap at 469 nm. The OMI FoV was verified by finding the highest correlation between MODIS and OMI reflectances in cloud-free scenes, assuming a 2-D super-Gaussian function with varying size and shape to represent the OMI FoV. Our results show that the OMPIXCOR product 75FoV corner coordinates are accurate as the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of a super-Gaussian FoV model when this function is assumed. The softness of the function edges, modelled by the super-Gaussian exponents, is different in both directions and is view angle dependent.The optimal overlap function between OMI and MODIS reflectances is scene dependent and highly dependent on time differences between overpasses, especially with clouds in the scene. For partially clouded scenes, the optimal overlap function was represented by super-Gaussian exponents around 1 or smaller, which indicates that this function is unsuitable to represent the overlap sensitivity function in these cases. This was especially true for scenes before 2008, when the time differences between Aqua and Aura overpasses was about 15 min, instead of 8 min after 2008. During the time between overpasses, clouds change the scene reflectance, reducing the correlation and influencing the shape of the optimal overlap function.
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Schreier, M., A. A. Kokhanovsky, V. Eyring, L. Bugliaro, H. Mannstein, B. Mayer, H. Bovensmann, and J. P. Burrows. "Impact of ship emissions on the microphysical, optical and radiative properties of marine stratus: a case study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 12 (October 30, 2006): 4925–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-4925-2006.
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Abstract. Modifications of existing clouds by the exhaust of ships are well-known but inadequately quantified impacts, which could contribute to climate change. The perturbation of a cloud layer by ship-generated aerosol changes the cloud reflectivity and is identified by long curves in satellite images, known as ship tracks. As ship tracks indicate a pollution of a very clean marine environment and also affect the radiation budget below and above the cloud, it is important to investigate their radiative and climatic effects. Satellite-data from MODIS on Terra are used to examine a scene from 10 February 2003 where ship tracks were detected close to the North American West-Coast. The cloud optical and microphysical properties are derived using a semi-analytical retrieval technique combined with a look-up-table approach. An algorithm is presented to distinguish ship-track-pixels from the unperturbed cloud pixels in the scene and from this the optical properties of the former are compared to those of the latter. Within the ship tracks a significant change in the droplet number concentration, the effective radius and the optical thickness are found compared to the unaffected cloud. The resulting cloud properties are used to calculate the radiation budget below and above the cloud. Assuming a mean solar zenith angle of 63° for the selected scene, the mean solar surface radiation below the ship track is decreased by 43.2 Wm−2 and the mean reflectance at top of atmosphere (TOA) is increased by 40.8 Wm−2. For the entire analyzed scene the ship emission decreases the solar radiation at the surface by 2.1 Wm−2 and increases the backscattered solar radiation at TOA by 2.0 Wm−2, whereas no significant effect on thermal radiation was detected.
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Leghari, Mehwish, Mukhtiar Ahmad Memon, Mehjabeen Leghari, and Akhtar Hussain Jalbani. "A Database for Urdu Text Detection and Recognition in Natural Scene Images." January 2020 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2001.05.
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Conventional solar cells are not economical and are recently too expensive to the manufacturers for extensive-scale electricity generation. Cost and efficiency is most vital factor in the accomplishment of any solar technology. In order to improve the conversion efficiency, the major research in third generation photovoltaic (PV) cells is directed toward retaining more sunlight using nanotechnology. Advancement in nanotechnology solar cell via quantum dots (QDs) could reduce the cost of PV cell and additionally enhance cell conversion efficiency. Silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs) are semiconductor nano crystals of nanometers dimension whose electron-holes are confined in all three spatial dimensions. Quantum dots have discrete electronic states. Quantum dots have capacity to change band gap with the adjustment in size of quantum dot. As the quantum dots size fluctuates over a wide range that demonstrates the variety of band gap so it will assimilate or discharge light. In this paper, the generic mathematical models of PV cell are adopted and then I-V and P-V characteristic curves are obtained from selected parameters using MATLAB software. The essential parameters are taken from datasheets. I-V and P-V characteristics curves are obtained for selected model. Silicon quantum dots have the tunable band gap that is added to conventional PV cell and obtain the I-V and P-V curves. After simulation, efficiency and power of Conventional PV cell to quantum dots based PV cell is compared. The property of quantum dots is used in extending the band gap of solar cells and increasing the maximum proportion of incident sunlight absorbed, hence improving efficiency.
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Uma Maheswari, C., and R. Meenakshi Reddy. "CFD Analysis of a Solar Parabolic Dish." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.280.
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Concentrated solar thermal (CST) power has been used for years to help supply power to certain energy markets and has proven to be fairly successful. Unfortunately the high prices of these solar technologies have prohibited them from really making a large impact on the world's energy scene. This study analyses the structural, thermal, and CFD performance of a parabolic dish concept which could be the basis for large scale commercial concentrated solar thermal electricity. Simulation of the structural, thermal and CFDanalysis of the dish with varying metallic properties (Aluminium, Copper and StainlessSteel) under different windconditionswas compared. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was done to simulate the thermal performance of the dish at two different wind velocities.
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Mu, Cheng Po, Yuan Qian Chen, Zhi Jie Yuan, and Jia Song. "The Reseach on the Environment Factors of the Infrared Radiation for the Targets on the Ground." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 1950–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.1950.
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Infrared scene simulation is an important issue in the military field. Infrared scene simulation system can reproduce and simulate the infrared radiation characteristics of target and its background. Therefore, the analysis of the infrared radiation of target and scene features is very important for Infrared scene simulation. In this paper, we focus on the calculation and analysis of typical environmental factors of ground targets, including solar radiation, sky atmosphere radiation and ground radiation etc.. We also discuss how to calculate the infrared radiation of target in this paper. The results of this paper will be used for analysis of the infrared radiation and the simulation of the infrared scene of ground targets.
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Min, Yu Tang, Xiao Ling Luo, and Ben Xiong Huang. "Solar Cells System Based on Light Positioning." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 2191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.2191.
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The system use surveillance camera and image rendering developed a new solar positioning system. The system’s position detection method is to use surveillance cameras captured source image, and then use rendering method to determine the location of the light source to adjust the orientation of solar cells to improve the utilization of the battery. We use existing camera filming the scene of the source image, and then the light source position will be determined. Through the back of our tracking software processing, adjusting the orientation of solar collectors, will allow maximum utilization of solar energy and provide solar tracking areas a new and reliable detection methods. This article focuses on algorithm design of the source tracking software. This article uses the prior knowledge of three-dimensional objects in the photo image to model. Priori knowledge can help us to determine all the parameter except light source location, we full traversal all the possible light source position space. After getting the rendering image, rendered image and source image will be compared through the evaluation function, thus we will get the best source location parameters.
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Jafariserajehlou, Soheila, Linlu Mei, Marco Vountas, Vladimir Rozanov, John P. Burrows, and Rainer Hollmann. "A cloud identification algorithm over the Arctic for use with AATSR–SLSTR measurements." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 1059–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1059-2019.
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Abstract. The accurate identification of the presence of cloud in the ground scenes observed by remote-sensing satellites is an end in itself. The lack of knowledge of cloud at high latitudes increases the error and uncertainty in the evaluation and assessment of the changing impact of aerosol and cloud in a warming climate. A prerequisite for the accurate retrieval of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) is the knowledge of the presence of cloud in a ground scene. In our study, observations of the upwelling radiance in the visible (VIS), near infrared (NIR), shortwave infrared (SWIR) and the thermal infrared (TIR), coupled with solar extraterrestrial irradiance, are used to determine the reflectance. We have developed a new cloud identification algorithm for application to the reflectance observations of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) on European Space Agency (ESA)-Envisat and Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) on board the ESA Copernicus Sentinel-3A and -3B. The resultant AATSR–SLSTR cloud identification algorithm (ASCIA) addresses the requirements for the study AOT at high latitudes and utilizes time-series measurements. It is assumed that cloud-free surfaces have unchanged or little changed patterns for a given sampling period, whereas cloudy or partly cloudy scenes show much higher variability in space and time. In this method, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) parameter is used to measure the “stability” of the atmosphere–surface system observed by satellites. The cloud-free surface is classified by analysing the PCC values on the block scale 25×25 km2. Subsequently, the reflection at 3.7 µm is used for accurate cloud identification at scene level: with areas of either 1×1 or 0.5×0.5 km2. The ASCIA data product has been validated by comparison with independent observations, e.g. surface synoptic observations (SYNOP), the data from AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and the following satellite products: (i) the ESA standard cloud product from AATSR L2 nadir cloud flag; (ii) the product from a method based on a clear-snow spectral shape developed at IUP Bremen (Istomina et al., 2010), which we call ISTO; and (iii) the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. In comparison to ground-based SYNOP measurements, we achieved a promising agreement better than 95 % and 83 % within ±2 and ±1 okta respectively. In general, ASCIA shows an improved performance in comparison to other algorithms applied to AATSR measurements for the identification of clouds in a ground scene observed at high latitudes.
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ΜΑΡΙΟΛΑΚΟΣ, ΗΛΙΑΣ Δ. "The Geoenvironmental dimension of Greek Mythology." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 6 (January 1, 2002): 2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17334.
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Native civilizations, as that of the ancient Greeks, are directly connected to the geological and the physicogeographical regime of the regional area in which they have been developed, and mainly to its geoenvironmental evolution since the last glacial period (18,000 BP). Volcanoes, earthquakes and mineral resources, as building materials, the underground water and the various minerals, consist the so called geological regime. Soil, climate, relief, shorelines and coastal areas belong to the physicogeographical regime of an area. The regional territory, where the prehistorical and historical ancient Hellenic civilization has been developed is the Hellenic Peninsula, Aegean Sea and the coasts of Minor Asia, from the geotectonic point of view, composing the Hellenic Arc which is characterized by intense tectonic, seismic and volcanic activity. The main factor contributing to the evolution of the Hellenic civilization is the climate and its fluctuations, mainly during the last 18,000 years, and most essentially the impact of these changes in the displacement of the shorelines and the coastal areas in general. It is widely known that climate changes periodically and that the main reasons for this periodicity are astronomical (Milankowitch theory). Thus, during Quaternary, several successive glacial and interglacial periods have been observed due to the increasing and decreasing of the solar radiation that earth receives. The last glacial period ends approximately 18,000 years BP, since, for the same astronomical reasons, earth's mean temperature abruptly increased. Due to this increase, huge volume of glaciers started to melt resulting to the release of large water quantities, which until that time were trapped within the glaciers, resulting in the gradual rise of the global sea level that, around 18,000 years BP, was about 125 m. lower than today. This rise caused successively transgression of all areas that nowadays constitutes the seafloor of Aegean Sea until a depth around 125 m. This transgression happened within a few thousands of years, namely between 18,000 and 6,000 years BP approximately. Therefore, prehistoric man who inhabited the area of the Aegean Sea, though until 18,000 years BP was living for tens of thousands of years in a geoenvironment unfavourable but more or less stable, following 18,000 BP and due to the increase of the mean temperature of the earth's atmosphere, he witnessed cosmogony changes. These especially concern the change of the coastal scene, since year after year, slowly but steadily, coastal areas are being submerged, featuring high mean velocities that under certain conditions should exceed 5 m per year. Together with these shoreline displacements if one takes also into account seismicity, volcanic activity and the related phenomena (tsunamis, abrupt uplift or subsidence of the coastal areas caused by earthquakes, landslides, rockfalls, etc.), the physicogeological scenery should have been a nightmare. The third generation of the Gods must have been originated during this period. This generation is the result of the union of Gaia (Earth), the Big Mother of all, and Ouranos (Heaven), namely Titans, Ekatoncheires, Cyclops and Giants, who might represent the destructive natural powers that terrify man and move the earth under his feet. What else than volcanoes might Giants represent, when, according to the Hellenic Mythology ".... they (the giants) breathed fire from their mouth ...." "...they were crying out wildly....", "they were shooting rocks and blazing trees in the sky "! ? Yet, Paleolithic and Mesolithic man needs to create more gods who will protect him from all these natural disasters. So, he originates the fourth generation that comes out of the union of the Titan Kronos and the Titanide Rhea. In this generation belong some of the great gods, such as Hera, Demeter, Estia, Hades, Poseidon and Zeus. The favorable climate ensures the basic nutrition species that man needs, either he is a food collector or he is a food producer, and especially without any particular effort. This means that it allows prehistoric man to have enough free time. Especially after his inhabitance in towns, he may be continuously mobile in the open space and he may communicate with other men having free time as well. In order to attitude within his small society, he has to learn to discuss, to argue, to oppose, to agree or to disagree with his co-speakers. Yet, all these constitute the basic substantial features of Democracy. All these physicogeographical and geological changes of the mythological and the prehistorical, in general, era, that have determined directly or indirectly all partial settings and the evolution of the civilization itself, should be promoted in such a way that the relationship between physicogeographical environment and civilization should be primarily introduced.
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Liang, Jianming, Jianhua Gong, Xiuping Xie, and Jun Sun. "Solar3D: An Open-Source Tool for Estimating Solar Radiation in Urban Environments." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9090524.
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Solar3D is an open-source software application designed to interactively calculate solar irradiation on three-dimensional (3D) surfaces in a virtual environment constructed with combinations of 3D-city models, digital elevation models (DEMs), digital surface models (DSMs) and feature layers. The GRASS GIS r.sun solar radiation model computes solar irradiation based on two-dimensional (2D) raster maps for a given day, latitude, surface and atmospheric conditions. With the increasing availability of 3D-city models and demand for solar energy, there is an urgent need for better tools to computes solar radiation directly with 3D-city models. Solar3D extends the GRASS GIS r.sun model from 2D to 3D by feeding the model with input, including surface slope, aspect and time-resolved shading, which is derived directly from the 3D scene using computer graphics techniques. To summarize, Solar3D offers several new features that—as a whole—distinguish this novel approach from existing 3D solar irradiation tools in the following ways. (1) Solar3D can consume massive heterogeneous 3D-city models, including massive 3D-city models such as oblique airborne photogrammetry-based 3D-city models (OAP3Ds or integrated meshes); (2) Solar3D can perform near real-time pointwise calculation for duration from daily to annual; (3) Solar3D can integrate and interactively explore large-scale heterogeneous geospatial data; (4) Solar3D can calculate solar irradiation at arbitrary surface positions including on rooftops, facades and the ground.
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Kopp, Greg, Paul Smith, Chris Belting, Zach Castleman, Ginger Drake, Joey Espejo, Karl Heuerman, James Lanzi, and David Stuchlik. "Radiometric flight results from the HyperSpectral Imager for Climate Science (HySICS)." Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems 6, no. 1 (April 4, 2017): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gi-6-169-2017.
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Abstract. Long-term monitoring of the Earth-reflected solar spectrum is necessary for discerning and attributing changes in climate. High radiometric accuracy enables such monitoring over decadal timescales with non-overlapping instruments, and high precision enables trend detection on shorter timescales. The HyperSpectral Imager for Climate Science (HySICS) is a visible and near-infrared spatial/spectral imaging spectrometer intended to ultimately achieve ∼ 0.2 % radiometric accuracies of Earth scenes from space, providing an order-of-magnitude improvement over existing space-based imagers. On-orbit calibrations from measurements of spectral solar irradiances acquired by direct views of the Sun enable radiometric calibrations with superior long-term stability than is currently possible with any manmade spaceflight light source or detector. Solar and lunar observations enable in-flight focal-plane array (FPA) flat-fielding and other instrument calibrations. The HySICS has demonstrated this solar cross-calibration technique for future spaceflight instrumentation via two high-altitude balloon flights. The second of these two flights acquired high-radiometric-accuracy measurements of the ground, clouds, the Earth's limb, and the Moon. Those results and the details of the uncertainty analyses of those flight data are described.
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Hou, Qingyu, Zhile Wang, Jinyu Su, and Fanjiao Tan. "Measurement of Equivalent BRDF on the Surface of Solar Panel with Periodic Structure." Coatings 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9030193.
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The surface of a complex material with a periodic structure is equivalent to the surface of a uniform material, and the measurement and data processing methods for the equivalent optical BRDF of a solar panel based on a large-scale spot are proposed. Based on a solar simulator, high-intensity light illuminometer, low-intensity light illuminometer and precise rotary platform, the BRDF automatic measurement platform is built. Spot size optimization and a measurement radius optimization method are proposed. The measurement results show that the BRDF of the solar panel has specular reflection characteristics, but that it still differs from the solar cell in the half width of the BRDF curve. Measurement error analysis is performed for the measurement process; its value is 6.74%. The measurement results can be used to improve the understanding of the optical reflection characteristics of the solar panel. Meanwhile, the method can also be used to measure and characterize the coatings of heat insulation material and scattering coating. The measurement data also has practical reference value for evaluations of improvements of the light absorption of the surface functional material. Finally, it can be used to simulate the target image scene.
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Li, Nian Xuan, and Yue Feng Wang. "Visual Simulation for Satellite on Track and Shaded Part Compute for Solar Panel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.758.
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Abstract: For the purpose of scene simulation of satellite moving on track and shaded part compute for solar panel, this paper analyzed the visualization system's software architecture, introduced Program design method with GDI+ and OpenGL on MFC frame. Based on the analysis, software architecture was optimized and some reusable classes were also designed. Therefore a more reusable, extendable and modularized visualization system can be realized. It covered a wide range of function such as the visual simulation, shaded part compute for solar panel and results display. The results showed that this visualization system was satisfactory and feasible in the simulation.
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Mendes, Silma Ramos Coimbra, and Maria Cecília Pérez de Souza-e-Silva. "Cenografia, agenciamento e mundo ético na entrevista em Jogo de cena: uma abordagem discursiva." Bakhtiniana: Revista de Estudos do Discurso 17, no. 3 (September 2022): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2176-4573p54994.
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RESUMO Entre a vasta produção de Eduardo Coutinho, destaca-se o documentário Jogo de cena (2007), celebrado como “objeto solar” da filmografia do cineasta, no qual a entrevista ocupa um lugar central. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir discursivamente sobre ela a partir de cenas de fala postas a circular em relação às escolhas estéticas e à materialidade do documentário; natureza da relação entrevistador-entrevistadas, marcada pela recusa a uma “suposta neutralidade” e produção de agenciamentos, cenografias e mundo ético. Para isso, são acionados conceitos basilares da Análise do Discurso, como interdiscurso, cenografia, agenciamento e ethos discursivo, conforme formulados por Dominique Maingueneau. Os resultados mostram que é possível estabelecer diálogos profícuos com os dispositivos metodológicos de Coutinho e conceitos da Análise do Discurso. A partir de uma aura mística do seu silêncio acolhedor, pode-se depreender um ethos respeitoso e atencioso do entrevistador em relação às falas das personagens.
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Corbett, J., and W. Su. "Accounting for the effects of Sastrugi in the CERES Clear-Sky Antarctic shortwave ADMs." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 12, 2015): 375–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-375-2015.
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Abstract. The Cloud and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Instruments on NASA's Terra, Aqua and Soumi-NPP satellites are used to provide a long-term measurement of the Earth's energy budget. To accomplish this, the radiances measured by the instruments must be inverted to fluxes by the use of a scene-type dependent angular distribution model (ADM). For permanent snow scenes over Antarctica, shortwave ADMs are created by compositing radiance measurements over the full viewing zenith and azimuth range. However, the presence of small-scale wind blown roughness features called sastrugi cause the BRDF of the snow to vary significantly based upon the solar azimuth angle and location. This can result in monthly regional biases as large as ±15 Wm−2 in the inverted TOA SW flux. In this paper we created a set of ADMs that account for the sastrugi effect by using measurements from the Multi-Angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) instrument to derive statistical relationships between radiance from different viewing angles. These ADMs reduce the monthly regional biases to ±5 Wm−2 and the monthly-mean biases are reduced by up to 50%. These improved ADMs are used as part of the next edition of the CERES data.
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Xu, Jianfu, Zhiqiang Liu, and Haifeng Jiang. "Study on Application of Solar Energy in Highway." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 01060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126101060.
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In recent years, the construction of large-scale electromechanical facilities and smart roads in the highway network has not only improved the level of operation safety but also generated a huge demand for electric energy, the highway transportation industry has become one of the key energy consumption industries second only to industry and construction. Solar energy has become a kind of green energy that has attracted more and more attention among various new energy sources due to its energy-saving, clean, zero-emission, wide-ranging and safe characteristics. This paper analyzes the distribution of solar photovoltaic resources in China’s highway network; puts forward the solar energy three-dimensional clean energy supply network technology which is suitable for highway scene, fully relying on and optimize the use of road network linear areas such as road surface space, three-dimensional space along the road to develop solar photovoltaic resources. Solar-powered roads, solar photovoltaic slopes, photovoltaic sound barriers, photovoltaic isolation barriers, etc. can be developed along the line, so as to build a three-dimensional road solar clean energy network that combines “points, lines and sections”, so that green and clean energy can be provided to a large number of electricity facilities and equipment along the highway, as well as to surrounding cities and villages, making the highway become the transport network carrying the flow of people and logistics, vehicle-road cooperative intelligent information network and clean energy supply network.
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Himer, Sarah El, and Ali Ahaitouf. "Improvement of Optical Performances Using the Hybrid CPV." Journal of Daylighting 7, no. 2 (November 19, 2020): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2020.20.
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Hybrid Concentrated Photovoltaics (HCPVs) are systems in which additional low-cost silicone solar cells are added to take advantage of the power generated by the diffuse radiation lost when using only multi-junction cells that work only with direct radiation. The work has been tested by simulating the performance of a hybrid CPV system composed of a Fresnel lens associated with a pyramid, multi junction cell as well as additional silicon solar cells. This proposal is compared with an ordinary CPV system and a system based on only silicon solar cells. The simulation results show that the CPV makes it possible to have a high optical efficiency of 94% at the pyramid exit for direct radiation, but this high efficiency rapidly decreases to 0% for diffuse radiation. In this case, the silicon solar cell comes into the scene to converts these diffused or non-concentrated rays into electricity, with an optical efficiency of 85%. It was also found that the Hybrid CPV system was able to increase the power by 21% compared to the CPV system.
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Parnell, Clare E. "Astrophysical processes on the Sun." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1970 (July 13, 2012): 3043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0139.
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Over the past two decades, there have been a series of major solar space missions, namely Yohkoh, SOHO, TRACE, and in the past 5 years, STEREO, Hinode and SDO, studying various aspects of the Sun and providing images and spectroscopic data with amazing temporal, spatial and spectral resolution. Over the same period, the type and nature of numerical models in solar physics have been completely revolutionized as a result of widespread accessibility to parallel computers. These unprecedented advances on both observational and theoretical fronts have led to significant improvements in our understanding of many aspects of the Sun's behaviour and furthered our knowledge of plasma physics processes that govern solar and other astrophysical phenomena. In this Theme Issue, the current perspectives on the main astrophysical processes that shape our Sun are reviewed. In this Introduction, they are discussed briefly to help set the scene.
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Baker, Jacob, and John E. Thornes. "Solar position within Monet's Houses of Parliament." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 462, no. 2076 (August 8, 2006): 3775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1754.
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Paintings from Monet's Houses of Parliament London series have been analysed for the quantitative information they contain, by comparing the depicted position of the Sun with Solar geometry calculations. The positions of roofline features of the Houses of Parliament were measured to provide an internal scale for the determination of azimuthal and elevation angles of the Solar depictions. Despite some distortion of the painted motif, the internal scales were found to be approximately linear. The Solar positions were used to derive the dates and times of the depicted scenes. The results provide new information for assessing these paintings and are consistent with the known period Monet was in London, suggesting that they contain elements of accurate observation and may potentially be considered as a proxy indicator for the Victorian smogs and atmospheric states they depict. The four dates Monet reports observing the Sun over Parliament in 14 and 16 February and 9 and 24 March 1900, are all represented in the series. The analysis also enables Monet's vantage point from St Thomas' Hospital to be determined for the first time.
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Fan, Tao, Tao Sun, Xiangying Xie, Hu Liu, and Zhixiong Na. "Automatic Micro-Crack Detection of Polycrystalline Solar Cells in Industrial Scene." IEEE Access 10 (2022): 16269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3145980.
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Padmanabhan, Preethi, Chao Zhang, and Edoardo Charbon. "Modeling and Analysis of a Direct Time-of-Flight Sensor Architecture for LiDAR Applications." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 5464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245464.
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Direct time-of-flight (DTOF) is a prominent depth sensing method in light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications. Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays integrated in DTOF sensors have demonstrated excellent ranging and 3D imaging capabilities, making them promising candidates for LiDARs. However, high background noise due to solar exposure limits their performance and degrades the signal-to-background noise ratio (SBR). Noise-filtering techniques based on coincidence detection and time-gating have been implemented to mitigate this challenge but 3D imaging of a wide dynamic range scene is an ongoing issue. In this paper, we propose a coincidence-based DTOF sensor architecture to address the aforementioned challenges. The architecture is analyzed using a probabilistic model and simulation. A flash LiDAR setup is simulated with typical operating conditions of a wide angle field-of-view (FOV = 40 ° ) in a 50 klux ambient light assumption. Single-point ranging simulations are obtained for distances up to 150 m using the DTOF model. An activity-dependent coincidence is proposed as a way to improve imaging of wide dynamic range targets. An example scene with targets ranging between 8–60% reflectivity is used to simulate the proposed method. The model predicts that a single threshold cannot yield an accurate reconstruction and a higher (lower) reflective target requires a higher (lower) coincidence threshold. Further, a pixel-clustering scheme is introduced, capable of providing multiple simultaneous timing information as a means to enhance throughput and reduce timing uncertainty. Example scenes are reconstructed to distinguish up to 4 distinct target peaks simulated with a resolution of 500 ps. Alternatively, a time-gating mode is simulated where in the DTOF sensor performs target-selective ranging. Simulation results show reconstruction of a 10% reflective target at 20 m in the presence of a retro-reflective equivalent with a 60% reflectivity at 5 m within the same FOV.
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Silva, Glauciene Justino Ferreira da, and Thiago Emmanuel Araújo Severo. "Potencial/Aproveitamento de Energia Solar e Eólica no Semiárido Nordestino: Um Estudo de Caso em Juazeiro – BA nos Anos de 2000 a 2009 (Potencial/Usage of Wind and Solar Energy in the Northeastern Semiarid: A Study in Juazeiro-BA Between 2000 and 2009)." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 5, no. 3 (November 5, 2012): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v5i3.232855.
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Com a escassez dos recursos naturais cada vez mais crescente, tem-se intensificado a busca por novas alternativas de gerar energia limpa, segura e que atenda as necessidades da população. Nesse contexto, a utilização da energia solar e eólica surge como uma opção viável para modificar a forma como se gera energia. Visto à localização privilegiada do semiárido brasileiro, a procura pela utilização de fontes renováveis para a produção de energia elétrica viabiliza estudos e diagnósticos para se conhecer o potencial eólico e solar da região. Partindo desse pressuposto, esse trabalho procurou demonstrar o potencial de energia solar e eólica de Juazeiro-BA, por meio de dados meteorológicos. Esta região possui ventos com maiores velocidades nos meses de agosto (247,4 km/dia) e setembro (241,6 km/dia), mantendo uma média de 195,8 km/dia ao longo dos 10 anos analisados. Os valores de irradiação solar mostram que é possível um aproveitamento médio de 2285,653 Wh/m².dia considerando-se apenas a irradiação direta.Palavras chave: Energias Limpas, Radiação Solar, Vento Potencial/Usage of Wind and Solar Energy in the Northeastern Semiarid: A Study in Juazeiro-BA Between 2000 and 2009 ABSTRACTThe scarcity of natural resources are increasingly growing, and has intensified the search for new alternatives to generate clean and safe ways to attend the needs of the population. The use of solar and wind based energy comes into scene as a viable and intelligent option to change the way energy is generated. Seen the privileged location of the Brazilian semiarid, there’s a demand for the use of renewable sources of energy and studies to measure the potential of wind and solar energy in this region. Under this study aimed to demonstrate the potentials of solar and wind power in Juazeiro-BA through meteorological data. This region harbors winds with higher velocities in the months of August (247.4 km / day) and September (241.6 km / day), maintaining an average of 195.8 km / day over the 10 analyzed years. The values of solar radiation shows that it is possible to use an average of 2285.653 Wh / m². Day considering only the direct irradiation.Keywords: Clean energy, Solar Radiation, Wind
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Tornow, Florian, Carlos Domenech, Howard W. Barker, René Preusker, and Jürgen Fischer. "Using two-stream theory to capture fluctuations of satellite-perceived TOA SW radiances reflected from clouds over ocean." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 3909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3909-2020.
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Abstract. Shortwave (SW) fluxes estimated from broadband radiometry rely on empirically gathered and hemispherically resolved fields of outgoing top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances. This study aims to provide more accurate and precise fields of TOA SW radiances reflected from clouds over ocean by introducing a novel semiphysical model predicting radiances per narrow sun-observer geometry. This model was statistically trained using CERES-measured radiances paired with MODIS-retrieved cloud parameters as well as reanalysis-based geophysical parameters. By using radiative transfer approximations as a framework to ingest the above parameters, the new approach incorporates cloud-top effective radius and above-cloud water vapor in addition to traditionally used cloud optical depth, cloud fraction, cloud phase, and surface wind speed. A two-stream cloud albedo – serving to statistically incorporate cloud optical thickness and cloud-top effective radius – and Cox–Munk ocean reflectance were used to describe an albedo over each CERES footprint. Effective-radius-dependent asymmetry parameters were obtained empirically and separately for each viewing-illumination geometry. A simple equation of radiative transfer, with this albedo and attenuating above-cloud water vapor as inputs, was used in its log-linear form to allow for statistical optimization. We identified the two-stream functional form that minimized radiance residuals calculated against CERES observations and outperformed the state-of-the-art approach for most observer geometries outside the sun-glint and solar zenith angles between 20 and 70∘, reducing the median SD of radiance residuals per solar geometry by up to 13.2 % for liquid clouds, 1.9 % for ice clouds, and 35.8 % for footprints containing both cloud phases. Geometries affected by sun glint (constituting between 10 % and 1 % of the discretized upward hemisphere for solar zenith angles of 20 and 70∘, respectively), however, often showed weaker performance when handled with the new approach and had increased residuals by as much as 60 % compared to the state-of-the-art approach. Overall, uncertainties were reduced for liquid-phase and mixed-phase footprints by 5.76 % and 10.81 %, respectively, while uncertainties for ice-phase footprints increased by 0.34 %. Tested for a variety of scenes, we further demonstrated the plausibility of scene-wise predicted radiance fields. This new approach may prove useful when employed in angular distribution models and may result in improved flux estimates, in particular dealing with clouds characterized by small or large droplet/crystal sizes.
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Bailén, F. J., D. Orozco Suárez, J. Blanco Rodríguez, and J. C. del Toro Iniesta. "A Generalized Phase Diversity Technique Using Multiple Defocused Images." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 263, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aca1c6.
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Abstract Phase diversity techniques commonly employ a pair of focused–defocused images to retrieve the incident wave front and to restore the observed scene. However, the combination of more images, each one affected by a different amount of defocus, has been barely explored in solar astronomy. In this work we reformulate the “classic” two-images phase diversity approach to accommodate an arbitrary number of phase differences and we investigate its performance in synthetic magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the solar scene corrupted by noise and degraded by a certain set of aberrations. We employ different combinations of images defocused from ±0.5 λ up to ±2 λ (peak to peak) and compare both the retrieved wave front with the incident one and the restored images with the unaberrated noiseless scene. We investigate the effect of using a series of images defocused both symmetrically and asymmetrically with respect to the focused one. In these two cases the performance of the method is improved with the use of more than two images, although it benefits more from the use of symmetric defocuses. We find also that there is a qualitative best choice of the number of phase diversity images in terms of the goodness of the wave front retrieval and of the restored object. The presented method has a potential use either in instruments equipped with a refocusing mechanism or during the laboratory calibrations of the instrument provided that an optical target can be defocused manually by different amounts.