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Jia Joon, Chong, and Kelvin Chew Wai Jin. "Design of Augmented Cooling System for Urban Solar PV System." MATEC Web of Conferences 335 (2021): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133503002.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels have been widely used to convert the renewable energy from the sun to electrical energy to power electrical loads but suffers from relatively low efficiency between 15% to 22%. Typically, the panels have an average lifespan of 25 to 30 years but could degrade quicker due to the panel overheating. Beyond the optimum working temperature of 25°C, a drop of efficiency by 0.4 to 0.5% for every 1°C had been reported. For solar PV applications in urban regions, passive cooling is beneficial due to limited amount of space and lower energy consumption compared to active cooling. A solar PV system with augmented cooling was conducted at a balcony of a condominium from 10am until 2pm. The solar PV system consisted of an Arduino controller, solar panel module, temperature sensor and LCD monitor. Reusable cold and hot gel packs were attached to the bottom of the solar PV. Both setups of solar PV panel with and without the cooling system were placed at the balcony simultaneously for measurement of temperature, output voltage and current. From this research, the outcome of implementing a cooling system to the solar PV increases the efficiency of the energy conversion.
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Elias, M. A., R. M. Jais, N. Muda, N. A. Azlin, and N. M. Ahmad. "Research on Different Types of Cooling System on Ground Mounted Solar Photovoltaic System for Electrical Output Enhancement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2051, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2051/1/012071.
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Abstract Solar photovoltaic (PV) can be used to generate power by using semiconductor materials to convert solar energy into electricity. In Malaysia, solar PV technology plays a significant role in increasing renewable energy generation capacity target at 20% by 2025. Malaysia’s strategic location at the equator makes it possible to achieve this target. However, several challenges need to be mitigated when implementing this technology, among others is the effect of temperature on solar PV system performance. Solar PV panel is currently rated at a range of efficiency between 13% to 20%. The efficiency of the PV panel is affected by temperature where the PV power and efficiency decrease at the rate of -0.5%/°C and -0.05%/°C respectively as the ambient temperature increases. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of PV cooling systems in reducing the solar PV panel temperature. In this study, the PV systems were retrofitted by two types of cooling system which are passive cooling and active cooling systems. The results of panel temperatures were measured against the control system without the cooling mechanism. The research was conducted in real operating condition with direct sunlight. Active cooling system reduced the temperature of the PV system and improved the electrical output by 4.9% while the best passive cooling system improved the output by 3%. Factors contributing to the results are also discussed in this paper.
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Mansur, T. M. N. T., N. H. Baharudin, and R. Ali. "Sizing and Cost Analysis of Self-Consumed Solar PV DC System Compared with AC System for Residential House." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp10-18.
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<p>The use of solar photovoltaic (PV) system has grown significantly in Malaysia after Renewable Energy Act has been gazetted in 2011.The objective of this paper is to highlight the technical and economic analysis of solar PV DC system to generate enough energy for residential customer group that consumed 200 kWh per month so that they are less dependent on energy from the utility grid. The results are then compared to the solar PV AC system with similar load setup. The methodology involves gathering solar energy resource, configuring daily load demand, sizing PV array, battery bank and inverter and lastly simulation of the design system by using Homer software. Based on Homer simulation, the solar PV AC system required slightly larger PV array sizes than the solar PV DC system to compensate losses due to the inverter efficiency which is not counted in DC system.Moreover, the solar PV AC system is almost 8.0% more expensive with 6% higher COE than the solar PV DC system due to the present of inverter.Lastly, both systems will benefit from reduction of energy consumed up to 2,434 kWh annually and to the environmental aspect, will avoid 1.7 tons of CO<sub>2</sub> releases into the atmosphere.</p>
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Amin, Nurhani, Agustinus Kali, Muchsin, and Firman Syam. "Automatic dual-axis solar tracker system design." MATEC Web of Conferences 331 (2020): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202033106002.
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Sunlight is one of the energy that can be used to generate electricity. Converting solar energy into electrical energy required a device called Photo-Voltaic (PV). However, output of PV hardly depends on the position of PV to the sun. The maximum PV output will reach when the sun position perpendicular to the surface of PV. Therefore, the device that can track the position of PV is needed. The aim of this research is to design a track solar system using Arduino and LDR sensor to follow the sun movement. This method will be applied to a 80 Wp solar panel. The output of the tracker solar system was compared to the fixed PV. The result shows that the output voltage of the tracker solar system reached 18. 81 V that was higher than the fixed PV about 18,56 V and the output current of the tracker solar system reached 4,27 A that was higher than the fixed PV about 4,19 A.
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Kuang, Wendy Yiwen, Chethana Illankoon, and Sadith Chinthaka Vithanage. "Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System for Covered Linkways." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 2131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122131.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is a current trend worldwide, offering many environmental benefits. With the flagship SolarNova Programme in Singapore, solar PV has gained its momentum. However, it remains important to explore new avenues to introduce solar PV in the urban settings. The housing development board (HDB) green towns promote sustainable living. Therefore, introducing solar PV is essential. This research study aims to propose and conduct an economic evaluation on solar PV for the HDB’s covered linkways. HDB covered linkways connect buildings within the green towns. Hence, installing solar PV systems in covered linkways facilitates to self-produce required energy and export extra electricity to the grid. This research study used PVWatts calculator to calculate the power generation. A thin film solar PV is used for the study with fixed array type and azimuth is 180°. Four solar PV systems, namely (1) 4 kW, (2) 5 kW, (3)10 kW, and (4) 20 kW, were evaluated in this research study. The initial cost ranges from S$7000 to S$38,000 for the four types. For 4 kW and 5 kW systems, the payback period is 6.22 years. The highest payback period is for a 20-kW system, which is 7.4 years. The 10-kW system generates a significant portion of the electricity requirements, and the payback period is 6.04 years. This research contributes to the solar PV domain by proposing a novel grid-connected solar PV system for covered linkways while identifying the most cost-effective solution.
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Banait, Shweta, Sandeep Kumar, Sanket Shindkar, and Akshay Jagdale. "SOLAR PV SYSTEM USING MICROCONTROLLER." International Journal of Advanced Research 5, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 2401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/3423.
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Ashhab, Moh’d Sami S., Hazem Kaylani, and Abdallah Abdallah. "PV solar system feasibility study." Energy Conversion and Management 65 (January 2013): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2012.02.030.
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Syahindra, Kianda Dhipatya, Samsul Ma’arif, Aditya Anindito Widayat, Ahmad Fakhrul Fauzi, and Eko Adhi Setiawan. "Solar PV System Performance Ratio Evaluation for Electric Vehicles Charging Stations in Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Areas." E3S Web of Conferences 231 (2021): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123102002.
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Transit Oriented Development (TOD) areas are locations that have limited land area. Solar PV systems are planned to be installed in these areas to support electric vehicles such as e-scooters, electric cars, motorcycles, and buses. However, solar PV systems in general require a large land area. The purpose of this paper is to find out and compare the Performance Ratios (PR) of a solar PV system installed on the rooftop with a floating solar PV system installed on the lake to determine which solar PV system fits better for TOD areas. PR analysis uses two methods, PVSyst software simulation and is validated using mathematical calculations. The result of the PR of floating solar PV is 76.39% using PVSyst simulation and 80.24% using mathematical calculation. Meanwhile, the PR of rooftop solar PV is 82.69% using PVSyst simulation and 73.41% using mathematical calculation. The significant factors that influence PR value are the energy produced by the solar PV system, its losses, and albedo value of the reflector surface for bifacial solar PV. Albedo value has to be maximized in order to obtain a higher performance ratio value. Based on this study, both rooftop and floating PV systems are equally suitable for TOD areas.
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Azmi, M. S. F. M., M. H. Hussain, S. R. A. Rahim, E. C. Mid, A. S. Shaari, N. Hashim, N. Husny, and M. F. Ahmad. "Hybrid Cooling System for Solar Photovoltaic Panel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2550, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2550/1/012004.
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Abstract Solar photovoltaic (PV) panel is one of the renewable sources of energy and produced daily nowadays. Solar panel systems have efficiency influenced by different factors, such as ambient temperature, solar panel temperature, sunlight, weather, and irradiation. The increasing of the temperature of the solar PV panel decreases its efficiency and lifetime. Thus, to maintain and decrease the temperature of the PV cell, cooling system is required. This paper presents the hybrid (water and air) cooling system method for solar PV panel. The method has been designed and developed to lower and stable the operating temperature of the system considering different weather conditions. The results revealed that the hybrid cooling system has shown improvement of output power solar PV panel as compared with water cooling system only. Furthermore, the proposed method managed to improve efficiency approximately to 4.5%.
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Hossain, Ridwone, Al Jumlat Ahmed, Sheik Md Kazi Nazrul Islam, Nirupam Saha, Preetom Debnath, Abbas Z. Kouzani, and M. A. Parvez Mahmud. "New Design of Solar Photovoltaic and Thermal Hybrid System for Performance Improvement of Solar Photovoltaic." International Journal of Photoenergy 2020 (July 15, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8825489.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems are most widely used renewable energy technologies. Theoretical study indicates that the energy conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic gets reduced about 0.3% when its temperature increases by 1°C. In this regard, solar PV and thermal (PVT) hybrid systems could be a solution to draw extra heat from the solar PV panel to improve its performance by reducing its temperature. Here, we have designed a new type of heat exchanger for solar PV and thermal (PVT) hybrid systems and have studied the performance of the system. The PVT system has been investigated in comparison with an identical solar PV panel at outdoor condition at Dhaka, Bangladesh. The experiments show that the average improvement of open circuit voltage (Voc) is 0.97 V and the highest improvement of Voc is 1.3 V. In addition, the overall improvement of output power of solar PV panel is 2.5 W.
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Zhang, Zhi Gang, and Jin Cui. "The Energy Efficiency Research on Solar Photovoltaic and Photo-Thermal PV/T System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1502.
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Photovoltaic and photo-thermal integration PV/T system can efficiently produce heat using solar energy as well as generate electricity in a large scale. Based on the comparison test of solar efficiency between PV/T system with heat pipe cooling and tube plate PV/T system, whereas get the advantage for different PV/T systems in solar utilization.
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Najem, Alaa. "YEARLY IMPROVEMENT OF GRID-CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEM PARAMETERS BY PLANAR CONCENTRATORS." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 19, no. 2 (April 5, 2023): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53540/tjer.vol19iss2pp140-151.
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Planar concentrators are used in the current manuscript to improve the solar PV system parameters (electrical energy, array yield, and solar irradiation). Additionally, study the temperature (both the ambient temperature and the temperature of the PV modules), performance ratio, and efficiency. The current PV system is situated at Al-Taji town in Baghdad. These improvements are achieved by using planar concentrators to increase solar radiation (made of aluminium metal). The results demonstrated a 21% increase in the yearly average energy output for improved solar PV modules. The improved solar PV modules' average yearly array yield increased by 20.6%. Compared to the reference PV modules, the improved solar PV modules received 24% more solar irradiation yearly on average. The monthly average of the performance ratio (PR) and efficiency to the improved solar PV modules and reference solar PV modules are 89.3% & 13.61%, and 91.2% & 13.89%, respectively. The yearly average temperatures of the reference PV solar modules and improved PV solar modules are 48.8OC and 46.0OC, respectively, at an average ambient temperature of 29.2OC. The originality of this work is the successful improvement of the electrical energy of the grid-tied PV system, in addition to studying the performance of the second generation of photovoltaic solar modules (CIGS), where CIGS is the PV module technology that is used in this manuscript.
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Katongole, Ismail, Aliyu Nuhu Shuaibu, Subramanian Palanikumar, and Al-mas Sendegeya. "Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic- Grid Water Pumping System." KIU Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2023): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59568/kjset-2023-2-1-13.
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This study examines the integration of grid and solar energy resources in remote water pumping systems to improve performance and reliability. The feasibility of a hybrid solar PV-grid system is investigated to assess its technical and financial performance compared to standalone solar PV or grid systems. A unique aspect of this hybrid system is the utilization of a water storage tank instead of energy storage for solar PV conversion. The system comprises a PV array, inverter, AC motor, submersible pump, storage tank, grid supply, and control systems. The paper presents a cost-effectiveness analysis using Net Present Value (NPV), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) to economically evaluate the power supply for pumping systems in community areas. The study focuses on two energy supply systems: solar photovoltaic systems and the grid network. A case study is conducted in the western region of Uganda, where the pumping systems are designed to provide water for residential, commercial, and small industrial usage. To evaluate the proposed solar PV system, Matlab/Simulink software is utilized for modeling, and simulations are performed to assess the system's performance and outcomes. Overall, this research aims to explore the benefits and drawbacks of integrating grid and solar resources in water pumping systems, with a particular emphasis on the economic viability and technical feasibility of a hybrid solar PV-grid system.
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Al-Rawi, Muhanned. "On the Solar PV Monitoring System." Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbeef-2019-0006.
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AbstractSolar energy is increasingly becoming commonplace in the society with the ever rising electricity bills and reduction in price in solar equipment. Being an “essentially free” form of energy it is necessary to contribute to developments that support or improve the solar energy sector. This paper presents a way to monitor the voltage, current and power output from a solar panel, with the aim of monitoring and projecting the output from a solar farm.
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Venkatesh, V., D. Vamsi Krishna, K. V. Kalyani, and Ashutosh Saxena. "ADVANCED APPROACH IN SOLAR PV PLANT PROTECTION SYSTEM." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 10 (February 1, 2022): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v06i10.039.
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Solar Photovoltaic (PV) technology has become one of the most promising and reliable source of renewable energy. The favorable conditions like decreasing prices of PV system, increased panel size and enhanced efficiency improved the solar PV power plants installations. PV Panel and Inverter are vital equipment’s in functioning of solar PV system. As the solar power plant has various power electronics and other electrical components, there might be chance for power interruptions due to improper functioning of switch gear. Ensuring protection measures of the solar power plant plays a key role in smooth functioning of the system. The main objective of the paper is to explain various protection issues faced in solar roof top system and the necessary measures taken for resolving the issues with root cause analysis. This technical paper also showcases various preventive maintenance activities followed in the solar PV plant
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Amir, Nizar. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Assessment of Solar PV Water Pumping System In Dryland: Case Study In Madura." Rekayasa 14, no. 2 (August 3, 2021): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v14i2.10442.
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Indonesia has enormous solar radiation potential, and it can be converted to electrical energy by utilizing solar PV systems. Mainly the irrigation of paddy rice fields in Indonesia dependent on a diesel-powered water pumping system. A solar PV system can replace this method, and it generates several benefits. The present study proposed the utilization of a solar PV system to drive the water pump based on a 100% renewable power supply. The technological and economic viability assessment of solar PV water pumping system to irrigate paddy rice filed at Telang village, Bangkalan, Indonesia, is investigated. The HOMER software has been used to generate the optimal configuration of a renewable system. Initial capital, net present cost, and cost of energy will evaluate as economic assessment criteria. The solar PV and diesel generator water pumping system also compared. The results showed that for water pumping systems, a solar PV system is more cost-effective than a diesel generator. It has lower annual operational and maintenance costs, 100% renewable energy penetration, and free energy cost.
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Xiao, Dongyue, and Titi Liu. "Optimized photovoltaic system for improved electricity conversion." International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies 17 (2022): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlct/ctab103.
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Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) modules convert solar energy into electricity; however, in actual applications, the conversion efficiency of PV modules is low. This is because the temperature of PV modules increases, most of the incoming solar radiation absorbed is discarded to the PV modules as wasted heat; this wasted heat generated can be utilized and transferred to a heat exchanger in contact to the rear PV modules. A proposed model is considered with a variation of solar cell temperature due to solar radiation and its effects on output power are modeled and evaluated, seeing PV modules as a thermal absorber, a part of the heat dissipated in the PV modules can be recovered by means of a heat transfer fluid running behind the PV modules, this method improves the PV efficiency, as well as produces thermal and electrical energy simultaneously, thus, the PV modules provide a multifunctional performance cited above, this plays the role of a hybrid solar collector system. The aim of this study is to improve the efficiency of the PV module, through the analysis of a detailed Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) collector model performance. The study also estimates the electrical power and thermal energy produced; using MATLAB as an application-oriented design method, the method proposed in this paper can better improve the efficiency of PV power generation and has a wide range of application prospects.
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D. Raut, Piyush, Vishal V. Shukla, and Sandeep S.Joshi. "Recent developments in photovoltaic-thermoelectric combined system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (September 24, 2018): 2619. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.18.12709.
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The photovoltaic system converts solar radiation into electricity. The output of the solar photovoltaic systems is strongly depending on the operating cell temperature. The power output of photovoltaic system reduces as the operating cell temperature increases. Several techniques have been reported in the literature to maintain the low operating temperature of the solar cell by utilizing module heat for separate thermal application. Integration of photovoltaic thermoelectric (PV-TE) system is one of these techniques. In these PV-TE systems, the hot junctions of thermoelectric modules are coupled with the photovoltaic. The thermoelectric module uses heat from PV system and generates additional power. This PV-TE system not only generates more power but also improves the PV efficiency. The present article reports a comprehensive review of latest developments in the PV-TE systems. A detailed classification, key outcomes of published research and the future research scope are discussed in this article.
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Tripathi, Abhishek Kumar, Mangalpady Aruna, and Ch S. N. Murthy. "Output Power Enhancement of Solar PV Panel Using Solar Tracking System." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 12, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096511666180501124714.
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Solar Photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion has gained much attention nowadays. The output power of PV panel depends on the condition under which the panel is working, such as solar radiation, ambient temperature, dust, wind speed and humidity. The amount of falling sunlight on the panel surface (i.e., solar radiation) directly affects its output power. In order to maximize the amount of falling sunlight on the panel surface, a solar tracking PV panel system is introduced. This paper describes the design, development and fabrication of the solar PV panel tracking system. The designed solar tracking system is able to track the position of the sun throughout the day, which allows more sunlight falling on the panel surface. The experimental results show that there was an enhancement of up to a 64.72% in the output power of the PV panel with reference to the fixed orientation PV panel. Further, this study also demonstrates that the full load torque of the tracking system would be much higher than the obtained torque, which is required to track the position of the sun. This propounds, that the proposed tracking system can also be used for a higher capacity PV power generation system.
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Samuel, J., and Dr B. Rajagopal. "IoT Based PV panel Cleaning System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47420.
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Abstract: By using photovoltaic (PV) solar panel, the sun's energy is captured and converted into a usable form. Green energy is the most common kind of energy on Earth and also one of the most accessible. The regenerative characteristics of solar energy, employs symbolizes the future of power generation. Numerous research is being undertaken to determine how to harvest the most energy from the sun, however, dust accumulation on solar panels and air pollution lower solar cell energy output by 28 to 40 per cent in different regions of the globe, including tropical countries like India. This article focuses mostly on IoT technologies to describe the creation of a Smart Solar panel cleaning system. Consequently, dust monitoring, intelligent analysis, and system management, it may increase the overall efficiency of the solar PV panel.
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Sreenath, S., K. Sudhakar, and A. F. Yusop. "Suitability Analysis of Solar Tracking PV System in the Airport Based on Glare Assessment." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 9061–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.18.3.2021.18.0695.
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Due to the concerns with harmful emissions, airports have a great interest in solar photovoltaic technology. On the one hand, the vacant land areas in the airport can house solar PV arrays. On the other hand, there is an aviation safety issue due to the reflections from the solar PV arrays. This paper aims to perform a glare analysis of a conceptual solar PV array for three different solar tracking techniques. This suitability analysis is carried out for fixed-tilt, single-axis and dual-axis tracking techniques using ForgeSolar software. It is observed that a single-axis tracking solar PV system is a suitable tracking technique for the selected site. This can be attributed to zero minutes of glare duration and the highest value of energy generation. In addition to compliance with the FAA’s solar glare policy, the single-axis tracking solar PV system will generate 40 % more electricity than a fixed-tilt solar PV system. Unlike previously reported studies, the results of this study strengthen the theoretical support for tracking solar PV systems in airport locations. The findings provided in this study will be beneficial to energy professionals and serve as reference material for tracking solar PV in airports.
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V, Vinoth Kumar, and Sasikala G. "ARDUINO BASED SMART SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC REMOTE MONITORING SYSTEM." Malaysian Journal of Science 41, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjs.vol41no3.8.
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The continuous monitoring system of the photo voltaic solar based energy model is currently highly crucial to monitor the overall performance and other related characteristics of energy solar energy systems from remote locations. For this, data loggers also play a vital role. These technologies are highly important to identify any malfunctions inherent in PV based solar energy systems. The proposed IoT based system is useful to obtain real time data from PV based solar energy systems from remote areas. An Arduino ATMEGA16 microcontroller was used to acquire real time data from the system, which is incorporated with the blynk app to transmit real time data to the destination through a webpage. The proposed system consists of a PV based solar system, Arduino controller board Wi-Fi module and the blynk app, in order obtain and transmit data from any remote location. We have developed a cost effective IoT based Smart monitoring system for PV based solar energy applications to monitor the various characteristics and performance of the system, as well as to carry out preventive maintenance and fault detection.
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Srikranjanapert, Methee, Siripha Junlakarn, and Naebboon Hoonchareon. "How an Integration of Home Energy Management and Battery System Affects the Economic Benefits of Residential PV System Owners in Thailand." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052681.
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Although home energy management systems (HEMS) and batteries are part of the Thailand Smart Grid Master Plan, the financial feasibility and attractiveness of installing residential solar rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems with integration of the HEMS and battery have never been investigated. This study develops three scenarios comprising of an installation of only solar PV system, solar PV system with the HEMS, and solar PV system with integration of the HEMS and battery under the current net billing solar program for households and analyzes their financial feasibility and attractiveness by using economic measures. In addition, sensitivity analysis is performed to analyze the impacts of critical parameters on the feasibility of these three scenarios. Findings indicate that the installation of a solar rooftop system with the HEMS provides the highest customer economics. Although the implementation of HEMs leads to an increase in energy exports, benefits from bill savings of lower electricity consumption by using the HEM are relatively high compared to the loss from energy exports. Therefore, in the short term, the government should promote the integration of HEMS with a PV system; however, the installation of a PV system with HEMS and battery in the residential sector should be promoted when battery cost decreases.
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Matuska, Tomas, and Borivoj Sourek. "Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Water Heating System." International Journal of Photoenergy 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7540250.
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Performance of solar photovoltaic water heating systems with direct coupling of PV array to DC resistive heating elements has been studied and compared with solar photothermal systems. An analysis of optimum fixed load resistance for different climate conditions has been performed for simple PV heating systems. The optimum value of the fixed load resistance depends on the climate, especially on annual solar irradiation level. Use of maximum power point tracking compared to fixed optimized load resistance increases the annual yield by 20 to 35%. While total annual efficiency of the PV water heating systems in Europe ranges from 10% for PV systems without MPP tracking up to 15% for system with advanced MPP trackers, the efficiency of solar photothermal system for identical hot water load and climate conditions is more than 3 times higher.
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Hsieh, Wei Lin, Chia Hung Lin, Chao Shun Chen, Cheng Ting Hsu, Chin Ying Ho, and Hui Jen Chuang. "Optimal Penetration of Photovoltaic Systems in Distribution Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.590.
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The penetration level of a PV system is often limited due to the violation of voltage variation introduced by the large intermittent power generation. This paper discusses the use of an active power curtailment strategy to reduce PV power injection during peak solar irradiation to prevent voltage violation so that the PV penetration level of a distribution feeder can be increased to fully utilize solar energy. When using the proposed voltage control scheme for limiting PV power injection into the study distribution feeder during high solar irradiation periods, the total power generation and total energy delivered by the PV system over a 1-year period are determined according to the annual duration of solar irradiation. With the proposed voltage control to perform the partial generation rejection of PV systems, the optimal installation capacity of PV systems can be determined by maximizing the net present value of the system so that better cost effectiveness of the PV project and better utilization of solar energy can be obtained.
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Mohammed, Omar Hazem, and Ziyad Tariq Al-Salmany. "Performance Optimization of Solar PV System Utilized for Cooling System." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web 9, no. 39 (June 8, 2022): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/ew.v9i39.1378.
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This work investigates the performance and energy effectiveness of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system used to provide a cooling system for a building in Iraq. To achieve the goal, simulations and optimization are utilized to find the economic feasibility of the building in Iraq. In addition, a comparative study is conducted to compare the economic feasibility of PV cooling based on two options. The first option depends on the conventional electrical grid to offer cooling for the Iraqi building. The second option relies on a solar PV system to provide the electrical power for cooling the same building. The major numerical analysis results revealed that using a PV system can save roughly 45% electrical power compared to the option when the electrical power is drawn from the conventional grid. For this reason, it is predicted that the PV system can save a higher level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to the first option. The results of this research revealed that the cooling load of the building in Samawah, Iraq equalled 600 kW. The PV system required to operate the cooling of the Samawah building during summer equals 18 kW peak. Using a solar PV system would be more economically feasible than the electrical power drawn from the electrical grid. Utilizing PV cooling is considered beneficial for the environmentas it can save GHG emissions that cause significant air quality problems and global warming.
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Libra, Martin, Pavel Kouřím, and Vladislav Poulek. "Behavior of Photovoltaic System during Solar Eclipse in Prague." International Journal of Photoenergy 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2653560.
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PV power plants have been recently installed in very large scale. So the effects of the solar eclipse are of big importance especially for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. There was a partial solar eclipse in Prague on 20th March 2015. We have evaluated the data from our facility in order to monitor the impact of this natural phenomenon on the behavior of PV system, and these results are presented in the paper. The behavior of PV system corresponds with the theoretical assumption. The power decrease of the PV array corresponds with the relative size of the solar eclipse.I-Vcharacteristics of the PV panel correspond to the theoretical model presented in our previous work.
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Rukman, Nurul Shahirah, Ahmad Fudholi, Putri Adia Utari, Cheku Nurul Aisyah, Andri Joko Purwanto, Rakhmad Indra Pramana, Erie Martides, et al. "Bi-fluid cooling effect on electrical characteristics of flexible photovoltaic panel." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 12, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2021.v12.51-56.
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A photovoltaic (PV) system integrated with a bi-fluid cooling mechanism, which is known as photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system, was investigated. The electrical characteristics of flexible solar panel were evaluated for PV and PV with bi-fluid (air and water) cooling system. The integration of monocrystalline flexible solar panel into both systems was tested under a fixed solar radiation of 800 W/m2. A total of 0.04–0.10 kg/s of air flow was utilised in PV with cooling system with a fixed water mass flow rate of 0.025 kg/s. The efficiencies of flexible panel for PV and PV with cooling system were explored. For PV with bi-fluid flow, the highest obtained efficiency of module was 15.95% when 0.08 kg/s of air and 0.025 kg/s of water were allowed to flow through the cooling system. Compared with PV without cooling mechanism, the highest efficiency of module was 13.35% under same solar radiation. Current–voltage and power graphs were also plotted to present the electrical characteristics (current, voltage and power) generated by both systems.
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He, Yong Tai, Rui Ming Liu, and Jin Hao Liu. "Experimental Research of Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) Solar Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.146.
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A novel water photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar system was designed, which consisted of a flat plate solar thermal collector and a flat plate PV/T collector in parallel. The area of flat plate solar thermal collector and PV/T collectors were 2m2, respectively. The performance of PV/T solar system was tested under condition of flat plate PV/T collectors with glass cover. The test results show that the average output electricity power of PV/T solar system was 28.1W in sunny day at 8:27-17:00 (March 8,2013, at Chuxiong city), the water temperature in the water tank insulation with 200L was raised from 18°C to 60°C. The daily useful efficiency of the PV/T solar system reached 46%. The PV/T solar system could meet the basic need of ordinary families to lighting electricity and hot water. The PV/T solar system had high practicality and was suitable for ordinary rural families.
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Milosavljević, Dragana D., Tijana S. Kevkić, and Slavica J. Jovanović. "Review and validation of photovoltaic solar simulation tools/software based on case study." Open Physics 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2022-0042.
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Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) systems are an excellent solution to meet energy demand and protect the global environment in many cases. With the increasing utilization of the PV system worldwide, there is an increasing need for simulation tools to predict the PV system’s performance and profitability. This research includes testing and comparison of PV tools: photovoltaic geographical information system (PVGIS), PVWatts, SolarGIS, RETScreen, BlueSol, PVsyst, HelioScope, PV*SOL, Solarius PV, Solar Pro, PV F-Chart, PolySun, solar advisor model (SAM), and hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER), based on experimental data obtained from fixed on-grid 2 kWp PV system in 2019. The PV system is part of a research project related to the examination of the PV system operation in real climatic conditions in Niš. This research investigates the most appropriate PV software for PV systems design by testing the most commonly used PV tools. It was accomplished by comparing experimental data obtained by a 2 kWp PV system in Niš and estimated data obtained from different PV tools. The study shows that annually, the experimentally measured average daily solar irradiation on the inclined plane was 5,270 Wh/m2/day, and the lowest deviation of the simulation results compared to experimental measurements was obtained by SolarPro. Total annual electricity production from the given system was 2455.621 kW h, and the lowest deviation of the simulation results compared to experimental measurements was obtained by PVGIS. By analyzing and publishing the actual solar irradiation and PV power output data, this study could help researchers to increase the PV systems modeling accuracy.
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Arun Shravan, L. A., and D. Ebenezer. "Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for a Solar Photovoltaic System: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 787 (August 2015): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.787.227.
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In recent years there has been a growing attention towards use of solar energy. Advantages of photovoltaic (PV) systems employed for harnessing solar energy are reduction of greenhouse gas emission, low maintenance costs, fewer limitations with regard to site of installation and absence of mechanical noise arising from moving parts. However, PV systems suffer from relatively low conversion efficiency. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for the solar array is essential in a PV system. The nonlinear behaviour of PV systems as well as variations of the maximum power point with solar irradiance level and temperature complicates the tracking of the maximum power point. This paper reviews various MPPT methods based on three categories: offline, online and hybrid methods. Design of a PV system in a encoding environment has also been reviewed here. Furthermore, different MPPT methods are discussed in terms of the dynamic response of the PV system to variations in temperature and irradiance, attainable efficiency, and implementation considerations.
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Arias, Mariz B., and Sungwoo Bae. "Design Models for Power Flow Management of a Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic System with Energy Storage System." Energies 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13092137.
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This paper provides models for managing and investigating the power flow of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with an energy storage system (ESS) supplying the residential load. This paper presents a combination of models in forecasting solar PV power, forecasting load power, and determining battery capacity of the ESS, to improve the overall quality of the power flow management of a grid-connected solar PV system. Big data tools were used to formulate the solar PV power forecasting model and load power forecasting model, in which real historical solar electricity data of actual solar homes in Australia were used to improve the quality of the forecasting models. In addition, the time-of-use electricity pricing was also considered in managing the power flow, to provide the minimum cost of electricity from the grid to the residential load. The output of this model presents the power flow profiles, including the solar PV power, battery power, grid power, and load power of weekend and weekday in a summer season. The battery state-of-charge of the ESS was also presented. Therefore, this model may help power system engineers to investigate the power flow of each system of a grid-connected solar PV system and help in the management decision for the improvement of the overall quality of the power management of the system.
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Muhammad-Sukki, Saidalmaruzi, Mohd Toriq Khan Mohd Niyaz Khan, Akram M. Zeki, Adamu Abubakar, and Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki. "Developing a Solar Calculator System." Advanced Materials Research 980 (June 2014): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.980.179.
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There is a rapid increase in global warming over the years. This follows with continues campaign on reducing the energy consumption and protecting the earth against climate change. The Feed-In Tariff (FiT) program was introduced to encourage people to use renewable energy. One of the alternative energies that has shown significant potential is solar energy, which could be harvested using the solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. This project is intended in developing an online application system to help the user in making a decision about installing a solar PV system. This system will help the user to calculate the size of solar panel that a user should install, the amount of electricity generated from the system and the profit that the user will gain after a few years in implement solar PV system in his premise (s) or house (s).
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Aragon-Aviles, Sandra, Arvind H. Kadam, Tarlochan Sidhu, and Sheldon S. Williamson. "Modeling, Analysis, Design, and Simulation of a Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with Integrated Snow Removal Functionality for Solar PV Electric Vehicle Charger Applications." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 2961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082961.
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Different factors affect solar photovoltaic (PV) systems by decreasing input energy and reducing the conversion efficiency of the system. One of these factors is the effect of snow cover on PV panels, a subject lacking sufficient academic research. This paper reviews and compares current research for snow removal in solar PV modules. Additionally, this paper presents the design, analysis and modelling of a smart heating system for solar PV Electric Vehicle (EV) charging applications. The system is based on a bidirectional DC-DC converter that redirects the grid/EV-battery power into heating of the solar PV modules, thus removing snow cover, as well as providing the function of MPPT when required to charge the EV battery pack. A control scheme for each mode of operation was designed. Subsequently, a performance evaluation by simulating the system under various conditions is presented validating the usefulness of the proposed converter to be used in solar PV systems under extreme winter conditions.
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Saleh, Umar Abubakar, Muhammad Akmal Johar, Siti Amely Binti Jumaat, Muhammad Nazri Rejab, and Wan Akashah Wan Jamaludin. "Evaluation of a PV-TEG Hybrid System Configuration for an Improved Energy Output: A Review." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33917.
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The development of renewable energy, especially solar, is essential for meeting future energy demands. The use of a wide range of the solar spectrum through the solar cells will increase electricity generation and thereby improve energy supply. However, solar photovoltaics (PV) can only convert a portion of the spectrum into electricity. Excess solar radiation is wasted by heat, which decreases solar PV cells’ efficiency and decreases their life span. Interestingly, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are bidirectional devices that act as heat engines, converting the excess heat into electrical energy through thermoelectric effects through when integrated with a PV. These generators also enhance device efficiency and reduce the amount of heat that solar cells dissipate. Several experiments have been carried out to improve the hybrid PV-TEG system efficiency, and some are still underway. In the present study, the photovoltaic and thermoelectric theories are reviewed. Furthermore, different hybrid system integration methods and experimental and numerical investigations in improving the efficiency of PV-TEG hybrid systems are also discussed. This paper also assesses the effect of critical parameters of PV-TEG performance and highlights possible future research topics to enhancing the literature on photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator systems.
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Prakash, K. B., Manoj Kumar Pasupathi, Subramaniyan Chinnasamy, S. Saravanakumar, Murugesan Palaniappan, Abdulaziz Alasiri, and M. Chandrasekaran. "Energy and Exergy Enhancement Study on PV Systems with Phase Change Material." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 3627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043627.
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A solar photovoltaic (PV) system produces electrical energy from solar energy. This green, sustainable system has low energy conversion efficiency due to the rise in PV temperature throughout the day. In order to keep the temperature of the panels close to ambient, this study examines the usage of hydrated salt (HS36) as a Phase Change Material (PCM) for PV cooling. The primary goal of this experimental study is to cool the PV panel by introducing PCM behind the PV system (PV-PCM), thus increasing its performance. An energy and exergy performance assessment was carried out on PV and PV-PCM systems. The result indicates that placing a PCM over the back of the solar panel’s back reduced the operational temperature by 25.4% and increased the panel’s electrical efficiency by 17.5%. PV-PCM systems’ maximum exergy efficiency increased by 12.57%, and their exergy destruction ratio decreased by 12.49%. The proposed PV-PCM system with HS36 PCM increased the PV panel performance and can be deployed in the PV system.
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Arias, Mariz B., and Sungwoo Bae. "Solar Photovoltaic Power Prediction Using Big Data Tools." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 13685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413685.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) installation has been continually growing to be utilized in a grid-connected or stand-alone network. However, since the generation of solar PV power is highly variable because of different factors, its accurate forecasting is critical for a reliable integration to the grid and for supplying the load in a stand-alone network. This paper presents a prediction model for calculating solar PV power based on historical data, such as solar PV data, solar irradiance, and weather data, which are stored, managed, and processed using big data tools. The considered variables in calculating the solar PV power include solar irradiance, efficiency of the PV system, and characteristics of the PV system. The solar PV power profiles for each day of January, which is a summer season, were presented to show the variability of the solar PV power in numerical examples. The simulation results show relatively accurate forecasting with 17.57 kW and 2.80% as the best root mean square error and mean relative error, respectively. Thus, the proposed solar PV power prediction model can help power system engineers in generation planning for a grid-connected or stand-alone solar PV system.
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Tee, Wei Hown, Yen Hoe Yee, Chin Kim Gan, Kyairul Azmi Baharin, and Pi Hua Tan. "Strategy to reduce solar power fluctuations by using battery energy storage system for UTeM’s grid-connected solar system." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 3013–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i6.3862.
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Recent years have witnessed the increasing uptake of solar photovoltaic (PV) installations, ranging from a few kilowatts for residential rooftops to a few megawatts for large-scale solar farms. One of the key challenges for the solar PV systems is its dependency on the solar energy, which is intermittent in nature and highly unpredictable. In this regard, battery energy storage system (BESS) is regarded as the effective solution that can smoothen the output power fluctuation from the solar PV system. Hence, this work utilized BESS that had fast response time with high power and energy density to reduce the solar output fluctuations from a real grid-connected solar system installed at the campus rooftop. The characteristic of the PV power fluctuation and the BESS storage requirement to smooth out the fluctuation within the allowable limit were determined and analyzed. More importantly, actual solar irradiance data with an interval of one minute was utilized in this work. The findings suggest that BESS with 66% of the installed solar capacity and 21% of the average daily solar generation of the installed system are required to smoothen the solar fluctuation that exceeds the ramp rate limit of 10%/min.
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Kaushika, N. D., and Anil K. Rai. "Solar PV design aid expert system." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90, no. 17 (November 2006): 2829–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.04.010.
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Wang, Ling Ling, Shu Ju Hu, Yan Feng Meng, and Rui Ma. "Analysis of the Influence of Environment Parameters on Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.13.
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The performance of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) power generation system operating in the field is inevitably affected by environmental parameters (solar irradiance, temperature, humidity, wind speed, spectrum, cloud cover, dust, etc.), of which the main factors are solar irradiance and temperature. Based on the data of 100kW PV system of ShangYi PV Plant captured form June 1, 2012 to May 31, 2013 (1 min resolution) and the data of Qinghai Delingha 20MW PV Plant in China captured in 2012., the influence of solar irradiance and temperature on PV system is analyzed. The results show hourly PV array DC power has highly significant positive correlation with hourly total solar radiation, also PV system AC power output and solar irradiance have good consistency. Both of them show irradiance is the main environment factor to the PV system. Then using the captured data, the relationship between maximum load and PV panels surface temperature is also analyzed, the surface temperature is higher, the maximum load is lower.
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Vashisht, Bhavya, Ahmad Belal Anwar, and Gaurav Gautam. "Modelling and Simulation of Solar Panel." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 2 (2014): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.221414.
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This paper aims to model a solar photovoltaic system with built in MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracker) for Photovoltaic (PV) system. It provides theoretical study of PV systems and modelling techniques using equivalent electric circuits. MATLAB simulations verify each individual block as well as combined simulation of model containing solar panel, MPPT and Cuk converter. The results validate that MPPT can significantly increase the efficiency and the performance of PV system.
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Alhmoud, Lina. "Why Does the PV Solar Power Plant Operate Ineffectively?" Energies 16, no. 10 (May 13, 2023): 4074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16104074.
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Quality, reliability, and durability are the key features of photovoltaic (PV) solar system design, production, and operation. They are considered when manufacturing every cell and designing the entire system. Achieving these key features ensures that the PV solar system performs satisfactorily and offers years of trouble-free operation, even in adverse conditions. In each cell, the quality of the raw material should meet the quality standards. The fulfillment of the quality management system requires every part that goes into the PV solar system to undergo extensive testing in laboratories and environments to ensure it meets expectations. Hence, every MWh of electricity generated by the PV solar system is counted, the losses should be examined, and the PV system’s returns should be maximized. There are many types of losses in the PV solar system; these losses are identified and quantified based on knowledge and experience. They can be classified into two major blocks: optical and electrical losses. The optical losses include, but are not limited to, partial shading losses, far shading losses, near shading losses, incident angle modifier (IAM) losses, soiling losses, potential induced degradation (PID) losses, temperature losses, light-induced degradation (LID) losses, PV yearly degradation losses, array mismatch losses, and module quality losses. In addition, there are cable losses inside the PV solar power system, inverter losses, transformer losses, and transmission line losses. Thus, this work reviews the losses in the PV solar system in general and the 103 MWp grid-tied Al Quweira PV power plant/Aqaba, mainly using PVsyst software. The annual performance ratio (PR) is 79.5%, and the efficiency (η) under standard test conditions (STC) is 16.49%. The normalized production is 4.64 kWh/kWp/day, the array loss is 1.69 kWh/kWp/day, and the system loss is 0.18 kWh/kWp/day. Understanding factors that impact the PV system production losses is the key to obtaining an accurate production estimation. It enhances the annual energy and yield generated from the power plant. This review benefits investors, energy professionals, manufacturers, installers, and project developers by allowing them to maximize energy generation from PV solar systems and increase the number of solar irradiation incidents on PV modules.
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Irwan, Y. M., A. R. Amelia, M. Irwanto, W. Z. Leow, Z. Syafiqah, and I. Safwati. "Influences of Hybrid Cooling Mechanism through PV System under Solar Simulator Testing." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v6.i3.pp213-220.
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An increasing efficiency of the solar system can be improved by using hybrid cooling mechanism. This paper presents the impact of hybrid cooling mechanism on PV panel under indoor testing with varying solar intensity. Thus, the fabrication of a solar simulator for indoor testing reacts as the space solar radiation is described. The performance of PV panel which attached to a hybrid cooling mechanism compared with PV panel without cooling mechanism under variation of average solar radiation. Experimental tests were carried out for various average solar radiations by varying the number of lamps and/or the lamp-to-area distance. Without altering the spectral distribution, the characteristic of current-voltage of PV panel was analysed under average solar radiation which varied from 202 W/m<sup>2</sup> to 1003 W/m<sup>2</sup>. As the result, the PV panel with hybrid cooling system explored to generate more power output with decreasing in PV panel temperature. About 15.79 % increment of power output generated by PV panel with cooling at maximum average solar radiation. Furthermore, the PV panel temperature also can be decreased about 10.28 % respectively. The combination of DC fan and water pump as cooling mechanism plays an important role in generating efficient power output from PV panel.
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Suresh Babu, G., B. Prem Charan, and T. Murali Krishna. "Performance Analysis of SPV Module Using Solar PVTR System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 21, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.3.14488.
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With a spurt in the use of non-conventional energy sources, photovoltaic installations are being deployed in several applications such as distributed power generation and standalone systems. Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) module is the basic component of the solar PV system. The functioning of a photovoltaic array is influenced by solar insolation, shading and array arrangement. Often the PV arrays get shadowed, completely or partially by neighboring buildings, trees, towers and service poles. The efficacy of PV array unvaryingly depends upon temperature which in turn is reliant on radiation. In order to validate this hypothesis, there are certain instruments and experimentation methods available which are expensive. But carrying out hardware testing on the solar PV system with Photo Voltaic Training and Research (PVTR) system and simulating using software will lead to least economical method of achieving performance analysis which is the main objective of this paper. The efficiency of PV module is analyzed from I-V and P-V characteristics for this standalone solar pv system by changing radiation and temperature parameters. This paper mainly emphases on comparison of the testing results and simulation results for different radiation levels.
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, Meneni Saigeetha, G. Vaddikasulu. "A Cuckoo MPPT based SMC Control for Grid tied PV System." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060805.
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Maximum power point techniques (MPPT) are used in photovoltaic system to make full utilization of PV array output power. The output power of PV array is always changing with weather conditions i.e., solar irradiation and atmospheric temperature. PV cell generates power by converting sunlight into electricity. The electric power generated is proportional to solar radiation. PV cell can generate around 0.5 to 0.8 volts. During cloudy weather due to varying insolation levels the output of PV array varies. The MPPT is a process which tracks the maximum power from array and by increasing the duty cycle of the DC-DC boost converter, the output voltage of the system is increased. This paper presents the cuckoo mppt technique for PV system along with SMC controller methods in grid connected photovoltaic (PV) systems for optimizing the solar energy efficiency
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Qiao, Dao E., and Xiao Li Xu. "Power Optimizing of Solar Photovoltaic Systems." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.272.
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Efficient energy yield is a major concern in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper describes a distributed control system to optimize the power output of the PV systems. The PV systems contain many PV modules. And every PV module has a monitoring and control network node. The communication data are successfully transmitted using a low-cost ZigBee wireless network. The field conditions are monitored by voltage, current, irradiance, and temperature sensors. The power operating point tracking is implemented at the PV module level. The reference voltage is calculated based on a neural network model, which is used to identify maximum power point. And the output voltage is regulated by a digital controller in the integrated converter according to the reference voltage. Experiments show that the power output can be greatly increased with this distributed control system under many shadow conditions.
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Al-Aboosi, Fadhil Y., and Abdullah F. Al-Aboosi. "Preliminary Evaluation of a Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Installation under the Climatic Conditions of Texas (USA)." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 24, 2021): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030586.
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Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have demonstrated growing competitiveness as a viable alternative to fossil fuel-based power plants to mitigate the negative impact of fossil energy sources on the environment. Notwithstanding, solar PV technology has not made yet a meaningful contribution in most countries globally. This study aims to encourage the adoption of solar PV systems on rooftop buildings in countries which have a good solar energy potential, and even if they are oil or gas producers, based on the obtained results of a proposed PV system. The performance of a rooftop grid-tied 3360 kWp PV system was analyzed by considering technical, economic, and environmental criteria, solar irradiance intensity, two modes of single-axis tracking, shadow effect, PV cell temperature impact on system efficiency, and Texas A&M University as a case study. The evaluated parameters of the proposed system include energy output, array yield, final yield, array and system losses, capacity factor, performance ratio, return on investment, payback period, Levelized cost of energy, and carbon emission. According to the overall performance results of the proposed PV system, it is found to be a technically, economically, and environmentally feasible solution for electricity generation and would play a significant role in the future energy mix of Texas.
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Fudholi, Ahmad, Mariyam Fazleena Musthafa, Abrar Ridwan, Rado Yendra, Hartono Hartono, Ari Pani Desvina, Majid Khan Bin Majahar Ali, and Kamaruzzaman Sopian. "Review of solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) air collector." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp126-133.
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<span lang="EN-US">Growing concern with regard to energy sources and their usage has consequently increased significance of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) collectors. A PV/T air collector is a system which has a conventional PV system combined with a thermal collector system. The system is able to produce electrical energy directly converted from sunlight by using photoelectric effect. Meanwhile, it also extracts heat from the PV and warms the fluid (air flow) inside the collector. In this review, solar PV system and solar thermal collectors are presented. In addition, studies conducted on solar PV/T air collectors are reviewed. The development of PV/T air collectors is a very promising area of research. PV/T air collectors using in solar drying and solar air heater.</span>
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Rubaiee, Saeed, and M. A. Fazal. "The Influence of Various Solar Radiations on the Efficiency of a Photovoltaic Solar Module Integrated with a Passive Cooling System." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 9584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249584.
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The thermal regulation of a silicon photovoltaic (PV) solar system is essential as the module surface temperature beyond 25 °C deteriorates its Power Conversion Efficiency (PCE). The intensity of solar radiation seems to have a crucial impact on the PCE of a PV solar system. The present study aims to assess the effect of solar radiation variations on the PCEs of PV modules integrated with and without passive cooling systems. The used passive cooling systems are (a) multi-pipe copper frame filled with Phase Change Material (PCM) and (b) multi-pipe copper frame filled with ZnO-doped PCM. The tests were conducted at the University of Jeddah in the month of March at various local times. The results show that the ambient and module surface temperatures are directly dominated by solar radiations. The conventional PV solar system presents a higher module surface temperature as compared to that of a PV system integrated with ZnO/PCM. The enhanced module surface temperature decreases the open circuit voltage (Voc) and slightly increases the short circuit current (Isc) indicating its reduced electric efficiency.
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Mi, Jianwei, Jie Du, Chengjian Liu, Xintong Li, Yiqun Zhang, and Guanheng Fan. "Design and Optimization of Photovoltaic System in Full-Chain Ground-Based Validation System of Space Solar Power Station." Energies 16, no. 7 (April 5, 2023): 3247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073247.
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In the face of the increasing depletion of non-renewable energy sources and increasingly serious environmental problems, the development of green and environmentally friendly renewable energy sources cannot be delayed. Because of the far-reaching development potential of solar energy, solar power has become an important research object for power development. The available solar energy in space is several times greater than that on Earth. Solar energy from space can be collected by a space solar power station (SSPS) and transmitted to the ground by wireless power transfer. In the full-chain ground-based validation system of SSPS-OMEGA, the spherical concentrator is used, and the light intensity distribution on the solar receiver is non-uniform. The non-uniform light intensity makes the output current of each photovoltaic (PV) cell on the solar receiver greatly different, and causes power losses, known as the mismatch problem. This paper proposes a simple, efficient and easy-to-implement method to optimize the structure of PV arrays to reduce the effect of non-uniform light on the output performance of each PV cell, which is beneficial to the topology of PV arrays and also effectively improves the layout rate. Then, a differential power processing (DPP) converter with a simple structure and easy control is designed to further deal with the power mismatch problem between series-connected PV modules. Finally, a simulation circuit model and a physical hardware model of the differential power processing PV system are built and used in the full-chain ground-based validation system of SSPS-OMEGA. The results demonstrate that the influence of non-uniform lighting on PV cells is effectively reduced, the output power of PV modules connected in series under non-uniform light distribution is substantially increased, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is significantly improved.