Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solar PV array

Academic literature on the topic 'Solar PV array'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Solar PV array"

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Udenze, Peter, Yihua Hu, Huiqing Wen, Xianming Ye, and Kai Ni. "A Reconfiguration Method for Extracting Maximum Power from Non-Uniform Aging Solar Panels." Energies 11, no. 10 (October 13, 2018): 2743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102743.

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Aging affects different photovoltaic (PV) modules in a PV array in a non-uniform way, thereby leading to non-uniform working conditions of the PV modules and resulting in variations in the power outputs of the PV array. In this paper, an algorithm is developed for optimising the electrical configuration of a PV array during the non-uniform aging processes amongst the PV modules. A new PV array reconfiguration method is proposed to maximize the power generation from non-uniformly aged PV arrays through rearrangements of the positions of the PV modules without having to replace the aged PV modules with new ones, thereby saving on maintenance costs. This reconfiguration strategy requires information about the electrical parameters of the PV modules in an array, so as to choose the optimal reconfiguration topology. In this algorithm, the PV modules are sorted iteratively in a hierarchy pattern to reduce the effect of mismatch due to the non-uniform aging processes amongst PV modules. Computer simulation and analysis have been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for different sizes of non-uniform aged PV arrays (4 × 4, 10 × 10, and 100 × 10 arrays) with MATLAB. The results show an improvement in the power generation from a non-uniformly aged PV array and can be applied to any size of PV array.
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Wei, Xue Ye, Bin Guo, De Yue Li, and Gzhong Yang. "A Modeling Method and I-V Characteristics for PV Array." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 1202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1202.

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The output characteristics of a PV array vary nonlinearly when the number of solar cells interconnected in series and parallel changes. The model and its parameters for a single solar cell are analyzed firstly. Then the models and there parameters for series, parallel circuits and series-parallel PV array are proposed respectively using circuit theory and observational method. Especial, the parameters of the equivalent circuits for PV arrays are characterized by a equation. A simulations are implemented to verify the three types of theoretical models and there parameters.Keywords: Solar cell; Model; PV array; I-V curve; Equivalent circuit
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Rajanna, B. V., and Malligunta Kiran Kumar. "Chopper-Based Control Circuit for BESS Integration in Solar PV Grids." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061530.

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The power delivered by photovoltaic (PV) arrays is dependent on environmental factors, and hence the availability and quality of power delivered by the PV array is low. These issues can be mitigated by integrating a battery energy storage system (BESS) with PV arrays. The integration of the BESS with PV arrays requires controller circuits to regulate power flow between the BESS, PV array, and the load. In this paper, a boost converter-based controller is proposed. The proposed controller has higher reliability and efficiency, and lower operational complexity. It improves the power quality and availability by adjusting the power flow to/from the BESS while delivering the required load power. A simulation study was performed to validate the proposed controller under varying irradiance and temperature of the PV array. The controller was validated against both lithium-ion and lead-acid BESSs.
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Kamble, Vishwesh, and Milind Marathe. "Modelling and Simulation of Solar PV Array Field Incorporated with Solar Irradiance and Temperature Variation to Estimate Output Power of Solar PV Field." International Journal of Students' Research in Technology & Management 3, no. 2 (September 27, 2015): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.323.

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Photovoltaic systems are designed to feed either to grid or direct consumption. Due to global concerns, significant growth is being observed in Grid connected solar PV Plants. Since the PV module generates DC power, inverter is needed to interface it with grid. The power generated by a solar PV module depends on surrounding such as irradiance and temperature. This paper presents modelling of solar PV arrays connected to grid-connected plant incorporated with irradiance and temperature variation, to design simulator to study and analyse effect on output power of solar PV arrays with irradiance and temperature variation, also to estimate the output power generated by PV arrays. The mathematical model is designed implemented separately on simulator for each PV components connected in PV systems, which are PV cell, Module, sting, array and field of arrays. The results from simulation based on model are verified by the data collected from power plants and experiments done on solar PV cell.
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Sarhaddi, Faramarz, Said Farahat, Hossein Ajam, and Amin Behzadmehr. "Exergetic Optimization of a Solar Photovoltaic Array." Journal of Thermodynamics 2009 (February 10, 2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/313561.

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An exergetic optimization is developed to determine the optimal performance and design parameters of a solar photovoltaic (PV) array. A detailed energy and exergy analysis is carried out to evaluate the electrical performance, exergy destruction components, and exergy efficiency of a typical PV array. The exergy efficiency of a PV array obtained in this paper is a function of climatic, operating, and design parameters such as ambient temperature, solar radiation intensity, PV array temperature, overall heat loss coefficient, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, maximum power point voltage, maximum power point current, and PV array area. A computer simulation program is also developed to estimate the electrical and operating parameters of a PV array. The results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental measurements noted in the previous literature. Finally, exergetic optimization has been carried out under given climatic, operating, and design parameters. The optimized values of the PV array temperature, the PV array area, and the maximum exergy efficiency have been found. Parametric studies have been also carried out.
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Suresh Babu, G., B. Prem Charan, and T. Murali Krishna. "Performance Analysis of SPV Module Using Solar PVTR System." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 21, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.3.14488.

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With a spurt in the use of non-conventional energy sources, photovoltaic installations are being deployed in several applications such as distributed power generation and standalone systems. Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) module is the basic component of the solar PV system. The functioning of a photovoltaic array is influenced by solar insolation, shading and array arrangement. Often the PV arrays get shadowed, completely or partially by neighboring buildings, trees, towers and service poles. The efficacy of PV array unvaryingly depends upon temperature which in turn is reliant on radiation. In order to validate this hypothesis, there are certain instruments and experimentation methods available which are expensive. But carrying out hardware testing on the solar PV system with Photo Voltaic Training and Research (PVTR) system and simulating using software will lead to least economical method of achieving performance analysis which is the main objective of this paper. The efficiency of PV module is analyzed from I-V and P-V characteristics for this standalone solar pv system by changing radiation and temperature parameters. This paper mainly emphases on comparison of the testing results and simulation results for different radiation levels.
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Ardhenta, Lunde, and Wijono Wijono. "Photovoltaic Array Modeling under Uniform Irradiation and Partial Shading Condition." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i3.pp142-149.

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Wind energy and solar energy are the prime energy sources which are being utilized for renewal energy. The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) array for solar energy is affected by temperature, irradiation, shading, and array configuration. Often, the PV arrays are shadowed, completely or partially, by the passing clouds, neighboring buildings and towers, trees, and utility and telephone poles. Under partially shaded conditions, the PV characteristics are more complex with multiple peaks, hence, it is very important to understand and predict the MPP under PSC in order to extract the maximum possible power. This paper presents the development of PV array simulator for studying the I–V and P–V characteristics of a PV array under a partial shading condition. It can also be used for developing and evaluating new maximum power point tracking techniques, for PV array with partially shaded conditions. It is observed that, for a given number of PV modules, the array configuration significantly affects the maximum available power under partially shaded conditions. This is another aspect to which the developed tool can be applied. The model has been experimentally validated and the usefulness of this research is highlighted with the help of several illustrations.
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Ardhenta, Lunde, and Wijono Wijono. "Photovoltaic Array Modeling under Uniform Irradiation and Partial Shading Condition." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2017): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v6.i3.pp144-152.

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Wind energy and solar energy are the prime energy sources which are being utilized for renewal energy. The performance of a photovoltaic (PV) array for solar energy is affected by temperature, irradiation, shading, and array configuration. Often, the PV arrays are shadowed, completely or partially, by the passing clouds, neighboring buildings and towers, trees, and utility and telephone poles. Under partially shaded conditions, the PV characteristics are more complex with multiple peaks, hence, it is very important to understand and predict the MPP under PSC in order to extract the maximum possible power. This paper presents the development of PV array simulator for studying the I–V and P–V characteristics of a PV array under a partial shading condition. It can also be used for developing and evaluating new maximum power point tracking techniques, for PV array with partially shaded conditions. It is observed that, for a given number of PV modules, the array configuration significantly affects the maximum available power under partially shaded conditions. This is another aspect to which the developed tool can be applied. The model has been experimentally validated and the usefulness of this research is highlighted with the help of several illustrations
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Mas'ud, Abdullahi Abubakar. "The Combined Effect of Current Boosting and Power Loss on Photovoltaic Arrays under Partial Shading Conditions." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 1 (February 5, 2023): 9932–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5369.

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This study proposes a novel technique for improving the performance of photovoltaic (PV) arrays under Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs). A 4×4 solar PV array with 16 panels was considered. Bridge-Linked (BL), Total Cross-Tied (TCT), Honey Comp (HC), One Cross-Link (OCL), and Two Cross-Link (TCL) were among the topologies of interest. First, the combined effect of connecting switches and partial shading on the PV array was studied. Then, the power loss/gain caused by reconfiguring the PV array structure from Series-Parallel (SP) to other schemes was investigated. Finally, a method of boosting current into the PV array is proposed to reduce PSCs-related power losses in the connecting switches. The results show that the number of connecting switches in the topology plays an important role in determining power gain or loss at different partial shading levels. TCT and HC outperformed the others in terms of power improvement when PSCs were considered without current boosting. This is true for different levels of solar irradiation exposure. The SP topology is optimal when the solar irradiation level is greater than 900W/m2 or less than 200W/m2. TCT outperformed the others when the current was boosted in the PV array, with a power improvement of 108%, for certain PSCs.
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Smith, Sarah E., Brooke J. Stanislawski, Byron Kasey Eng, Naseem Ali, Timothy J. Silverman, Marc Calaf, and Raúl Bayoán Cal. "Viewing convection as a solar farm phenomenon broadens modern power predictions for solar photovoltaics." Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 14, no. 6 (November 2022): 063502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0105649.

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Heat mitigation for large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays is crucial to extend lifetime and energy harvesting capacity. PV module temperature is dependent on site-specific farm geometry, yet common predictions consider panel-scale and environmental factors only. Here, we characterize convective cooling in diverse PV array designs, capturing combined effects of spatial and atmospheric variation on panel temperature and production. Parameters, including row spacing, panel inclination, module height, and wind velocity, are explored through wind tunnel experiments, high-resolution numerical simulations, and operating field data. A length scale based on fractal lacunarity encapsulates all aspects of arrangement (angle, height, etc.) in a single value. When applied to the Reynolds number Re within the canonical Nusselt number heat transfer correlation, lacunarity reveals a relationship between convection and farm-specific geometry. This correlation can be applied to existing and forthcoming array designs to optimize convective cooling, ultimately increasing production and PV cell life.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solar PV array"

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Tian, Feng. "SOLAR-BASED SINGLE-STAGE HIGH-EFFICIENCY GRID-CONNECTED INVERTER." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3503.

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Renewable energy source plays an important role in the energy cogeneration and distribution. Traditional solar-based inverter system is two stages in cascaded, which has a simpler controller but low efficiency. A new solar-based single-stage grid-connected inverter system can achieve higher efficiency by reducing the power semiconductor switching loss and output stable and synchronized sinusoid current into the utility grid. Controlled by the digital signal processor, the inverter can also draw maximum power from the solar array, thereby maximizing the utilization of the solar array. In Chapter 1, a comparison between the traditional two-stage inverter and the single-stage inverter is made. To increase the ability of power processing and enhance the efficiency further, a full-bridge topology is chosen, which applies the phase-shift technique to achieve zero-voltage transition. In Chapter 2, average-mode and switch-mode Pspice simulations are applied. All the features of the inverter system are verified, such as stability, zero voltage transition and feed-forward compensation, etc. All these simulation results provide useful design tips for prototyping. In Chapter 3, a phase-shift controller is designed based on UCC3895. Also, a detailed design procedure is given, including key components selection, transformer and inductor design and driver circuits design. In Chapter 4, experimental results of a prototype DC/DC converter are presented and analyzed. By optimization of the circuit, the problems of the prototype are solved and the prototype is working stably. The thesis' conclusion is given in Chapter 5.
M.S.E.E.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
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Paul, Biddyut, and s3115524@student rmit edu au. "Direct-Coupling of the Photovoltaic Array and PEM Electrolyser in Solar-Hydrogen Systems for Remote Area Power Supply." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090624.141048.

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Renewable energy-hydrogen systems for remote area power supply (RAPS) constitute an early niche market for sustainable hydrogen energy. The primary objective of this research has been to investigate the possibility of direct coupling of a PV array to a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser by appropriate matching of the current-voltage characteristics of both the components. The degree to which optimal matching can be achieved by direct coupling has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. A procedure for matching the maximum power point output of a PV array with the PEM electrolyser load to maximise the energy transfer between them has been presented. The key element of the matching strategy proposed is to vary the series-parallel stacking of individual cells in both the PV array and the PEM electrolyser so that the characteristic current (I) -voltage (V) curves of both the components align as closely as possible. This procedure is applied to a case study of direct coupling a PV array comprising 75 W panels (BP275) to a PEM electrolyser bank assembled from 50 W PEM electrolyser stacks (h-tec StaXX7). It was estimated theoretically that the optimal PV-electrolyser combination would yield an energy transfer of over 94% of the theoretical maximum on annual basis. This combination also gave the lowest hydrogen production cost on a lifecycle basis. An experimental test of this theoretical result for direct coupling was conducted over a period of 728 hours, with an effective direct-coupling operational time of about 467 hours (omitting the hours of zero solar radiation). Close agreement between the theoretically predicted and actual energy transfer from the PV array to the electrolyser bank in this trial was found. The difference between theoretical and experimental hydrogen production was less then 1.2%. The overall solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency was found to be 7.8%. The electrolysers were characterised before and after the direct coupling experiment, and showed a small decline in Faraday efficiency and energy efficiency. But this decline was less than the uncertainties in the measured values, so that no firm conclusions about electrolyser degradation can be drawn at this stage. Another direct-coupling experiment, using a larger scale PV-electrolyser system, that is, a 2.4 kW PV array at RMIT connected to the 'Oreion Alpha 1' stand-alone 2 kW PEM electrolyser developed by the CSIRO Energy Technology, was also successfully conducted for a period of 1519 hours (with 941 hours of effective operational time of the electrolyser). Energy-efficient direct coupling of a PV array and electrolyser as examined in this thesis promises to improve the economic viability of solar-hydrogen systems for remote power supply since the costs of an electronic coupling system employing a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) and dc-to-dc converter (around US$ 700/ kW) are avoided.
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Chen, Penghao. "Improvement of the Operating Efficiency and Initial Costs of a Utility-Scale Photovoltaic Array through Voltage Clamping." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333654173.

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Samadi, Afshin. "Large Scale Solar Power Integration in Distribution Grids : PV Modelling, Voltage Support and Aggregation Studies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-154602.

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Long term supporting schemes for photovoltaic (PV) system installation have led to accommodating large numbers of PV systems within load pockets in distribution grids. High penetrations of PV systems can cause new technical challenges, such as voltage rise due to reverse power flow during light load and high PV generation conditions. Therefore, new strategies are required to address the associated challenges. Moreover, due to these changes in distribution grids, a different response behavior of the distribution grid on the transmission side can be expected. Hence, a new equivalent model of distribution grids with high penetration of PV systems is needed to be addressed for future power system studies. The thesis contributions lie in three parts. The first part of the thesis copes with the PV modelling. A non-proprietary PV model of a three-phase, single stage PV system is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC and PowerFactory. Three different reactive power regulation strategies are incorporated into the models and their behavior are investigated in both simulation platforms using a distribution system with PV systems. In the second part of the thesis, the voltage rise problem is remedied by use of reactive power. On the other hand, considering large numbers of PV systems in grids, unnecessary reactive power consumption by PV systems first increases total line losses, and second it may also jeopardize the stability of the network in the case of contingencies in conventional power plants, which supply reactive power. Thus, this thesis investigates and develops the novel schemes to reduce reactive power flows while still keeping voltage within designated limits via three different approaches: decentralized voltage control to the pre-defined set-points developing a coordinated active power dependent (APD) voltage regulation Q(P)using local signals developing a multi-objective coordinated droop-based voltage (DBV) regulation Q(V) using local signals   In the third part of the thesis, furthermore, a gray-box load modeling is used to develop a new static equivalent model of a complex distribution grid with large numbers of PV systems embedded with voltage support schemes. In the proposed model, variations of voltage at the connection point simulate variations of the model’s active and reactive power. This model can simply be integrated intoload-flow programs and replace the complex distribution grid, while still keepingthe overall accuracy high. The thesis results, in conclusion, demonstrate: i) using rms-based simulations in PowerFactory can provide us with quite similar results using the time domain instantaneous values in PSCAD platform; ii) decentralized voltage control to specific set-points through the PV systems in the distribution grid is fundamentally impossible dueto the high level voltage control interaction and directionality among the PV systems; iii) the proposed APD method can regulate the voltage under the steady-state voltagelimit and consume less total reactive power in contrast to the standard characteristicCosφ(P)proposed by German Grid Codes; iv) the proposed optimized DBV method can directly address voltage and successfully regulate it to the upper steady-state voltage limit by causing minimum reactive power consumption as well as line losses; v) it is beneficial to address PV systems as a separate entity in the equivalencing of distribution grids with high density of PV systems.

The Doctoral Degrees issued upon completion of the programme are issued by Comillas Pontifical University, Delft University of Technology and KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The invested degrees are official in Spain, the Netherlands and Sweden, respectively. QC 20141028

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Simiyu, Donah Sheila Nasipwondi. "Optimal cleaning strategy of large-scale solar PV arrays considering non-uniform dust deposition." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79656.

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The use of solar photovoltaic systems has increased in the past years in an effort to move towards cleaner energy sources. Solar panels are however affected by negative factors such as dust deposition which hinder their performance. The negative effects that dust deposition has on solar panels depend on how much dust gets deposited on solar panels and how it spreads on the top surface. The spread of dust on solar panels can be uniform where all the solar panels in a entire solar photovoltaic array have the same amount of dust deposition. This is an ideal case and can be defined as uniform dust deposition. However, in real life operation, the spread of dust deposition can vary with one solar panel having a different quantity of dust deposition from another. This is defined as non-uniform dust deposition. Non-uniform dust deposition negatively affects the performance of solar panels by reducing the irradiance that reaches the solar cells thereby reducing the performance of the solar panels. The negative effects of non-uniform dust deposition are more significant over time and when there is no intervention to remove the dust. In practice, the negative effects of non-uniform dust deposition on photovoltaic modules has been addressed by periodically cleaning their top surfaces. Periodic cleaning can however increase the operational costs in terms of the cleaning frequency, time taken, cost of cleaning resources and effectiveness. In this study, we propose an optimal cleaning strategy for the solar power plants that are prone to the non-uniform dust deposition. To develop the optimal cleaning strategy, we first investigate the dust deposition process and develop a model to describe the relationship between the solar power generation and non-uniform dust deposition patterns. Then we formulate an optimization model to identify the most cost-effective solar panel cleaning plan. In the optimisation, the additional revenue due to cleaning the solar panels is formulated as the objective function. The decision variables are the number of photovoltaic strings cleaned at each cleaning interval. To highlight the effectiveness of the proposed solar panels cleaning strategy, the developed cleaning strategy is applied to a case study where analysis of the performances of other solar panel cleaning strategies, namely “full cleaning”, “no cleaning” and “random cleaning” is done. The results from the study show that the optimal cleaning strategy outperforms all the other cleaning strategies showing its effectiveness. The optimal cleaning strategy developed is useful to solar photovoltaic plants owners whose plants are located in dusty or polluted areas. It first provides them with an understanding of non-uniform dust deposition. It also provides a way of reducing the effects of non-uniform dust deposition through optimized cleaning which is cost effective and that allows the photovoltaic array to continuously give the desired output.
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
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"A Simulator for Solar Array Monitoring." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.39460.

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abstract: Utility scale solar energy is generated by photovoltaic (PV) cell arrays, which are often deployed in remote areas. A PV array monitoring system is considered where smart sensors are attached to the PV modules and transmit data to a monitoring station through wireless links. These smart monitoring devices may be used for fault detection and management of connection topologies. In this thesis, a compact hardware simulator of the smart PV array monitoring system is described. The voltage, current, irradiance, and temperature of each PV module are monitored and the status of each panel along with all data is transmitted to a mobile device. LabVIEW and Arduino board programs have been developed to display and visualize the monitoring data from all sensors. All data is saved on servers and mobile devices and desktops can easily access analytics from anywhere. Various PV array conditions including shading, faults, and loading are simulated and demonstrated. Additionally, Electrical mismatch between modules in a PV array due to partial shading causes energy losses beyond the shaded module, as unshaded modules are forced to operate away from their maximum power point in order to compensate for the shading. An irradiance estimation algorithm is presented for use in a mismatch mitigation system. Irradiance is estimated using measurements of module voltage, current, and back surface temperature. These estimates may be used to optimize an array’s electrical configuration and reduce the mismatch losses caused by partial shading. Propagation of error in the estimation is examined; it is found that accuracy is sufficient for use in the proposed mismatch mitigation application.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2016
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"Reconfigurable Solar Array Interface for Maximum Power Extraction in Spacecrafts." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.55652.

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abstract: The efficiency of spacecraft’s solar cells reduces over the course of their operation. Traditionally, they are configured to extract maximum power at the end of their life and not have a system which dynamically extracts the maximum power over their entire life. This work demonstrates the benefit of dynamic re-configuration of spacecraft’s solar arrays to access the full power available from the solar panels throughout their lifetime. This dynamic re-configuration is achieved using enhancement mode GaN devices as the switches due to their low Ron and small footprint. This work discusses hardware Implementation challenges and a prototype board is designed using components-off-the-shelf (COTS) to study the behavior of photovoltaic (PV) panels with different configurations of switches between 5 PV cells. The measurement results from the board proves the feasibility of the idea, showing the power improvements of having the switch structure. The measurement results are used to simulate a 1kW satellite system and understand practical trade-offs of this idea in actual satellite power systems. Additionally, this work also presents the implementation of CMOS controller integrated circuit (IC) in 0.18um technology. The CMOS controller IC includes switched-capacitor converters in open loop to provide the floating voltages required to drive the GaN switches. Each CMOS controller IC can drive 10 switches in series and parallel combination. Furthermore, the designed controller IC is expected to operate under 300MRad of total dose radiation, thus enabling the controller modules to be placed on the solar cell wings of the satellites.
Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2019
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"26+ Year Old Photovoltaic Power Plant: Degradation and Reliability Evaluation of Crystalline Silicon Modules - North Array." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.18002.

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abstract: The object of this study was a 26 year old residential Photovoltaic (PV) monocrystalline silicon (c-Si) power plant, called Solar One, built by developer John F. Long in Phoenix, Arizona (a hot-dry field condition). The task for Arizona State University Photovoltaic Reliability Laboratory (ASU-PRL) graduate students was to evaluate the power plant through visual inspection, electrical performance, and infrared thermography. The purpose of this evaluation was to measure and understand the extent of degradation to the system along with the identification of the failure modes in this hot-dry climatic condition. This 4000 module bipolar system was originally installed with a 200 kW DC output of PV array (17 degree fixed tilt) and an AC output of 175 kVA. The system was shown to degrade approximately at a rate of 2.3% per year with no apparent potential induced degradation (PID) effect. The power plant is made of two arrays, the north array and the south array. Due to a limited time frame to execute this large project, this work was performed by two masters students (Jonathan Belmont and Kolapo Olakonu) and the test results are presented in two masters theses. This thesis presents the results obtained on the north array and the other thesis presents the results obtained on the south array. The resulting study showed that PV module design, array configuration, vandalism, installation methods and Arizona environmental conditions have had an effect on this system's longevity and reliability. Ultimately, encapsulation browning, higher series resistance (potentially due to solder bond fatigue) and non-cell interconnect ribbon breakages outside the modules were determined to be the primary causes for the power loss.
Dissertation/Thesis
M.S.Tech Electrical Engineering 2013
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Jansen, van Rensburg Neil. "Technology development of a maximum power point tracker for regenerative fuel cells." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/317.

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M. Tech. (Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology) --Vaal University of Technology|
Global warming is of increasing concern due to several greenhouse gases. The combustion of fossil fuels is the major contributor to the greenhouse effect. To minimalise this effect, alternative energy sources have to be considered. Alternative energy sources should not only be environmentally friendly, but also renewable and/or sustainable. Two such alternative energy sources are hydrogen and solar energy. The regenerative fuel cell, commonly known as a hydrogen generator, is used to produce hydrogen. The current solar/hydrogen system at the Vaal University of Technology’s Telkom Centre of Excellence makes use of PV array to supply power to an inverter and the inverter is connected to the hydrogen generator. The inverter provides the hydrogen generator with 220VAC. The hydrogen generator has its own power supply unit to convert the AC power back to DC power. This reduces the efficiency of the system because there will be power loss when converting DC power to AC power and back to DC power. The hydrogen generator, however, could be powered directly from a PV array. However, the hydrogen generator needs specific input parameters in order to operate. Three different input voltages with their own current rating are required by the hydrogen generator to operate properly. Thus, a DC-DC power supply unit needs to be designed to be able to output these parameters to the hydrogen generator. It is also important to note that current PV panel efficiency is very low; therefore, the DC-DC power supply unit also needs to extract the maximum available power from the PV array. In order for the DC-DC power supply unit to be able to extract this maximum power, a maximum power point tracking algorithm needs to be implemented into the design. The DC-DC power supply is designed as a switch mode power supply unit. The reason for this is that the efficiency of a switch mode power supply is higher than that of a linear power supply. To reach the objective the following methodology was followed. The first part of the research provided an introduction to PV energy, charge controllers and hydrogen generators. The problem statement is included as well as the purpose of this research and how this research was to be carried out. The second part is the literature review. This includes the background study of algorithms implemented in MPPT’s; it also explains in detail how to design the MPPT DC-DC SMPS. The third part was divided into two sections. The first section is the design, programming and manufacturing of the MPPT DC-DC SMPS. The second section is the simulation of the system as a whole which is the simulation of the PV array connected to the MPPT DC-DC SMPS and the hydrogen generator. The fourth part in the research compared the results obtained in the simulation and practical setup. The last part of the research provided a conclusion along with recommendation made for further research. The simulation results showed that the system works with an efficiency of 40,84%. This is lower than expected but the design can be optimised to increase efficiency. The practical results showed the efficiency to be 38%. The reason for the lower efficiency is the simulation used ideal components and parameters, whereas the practical design has power losses due to the components not being ideal. The design of the DC-DC switch mode power supply, however, indicated that the hydrogen generator could be powered from a PV array without using an inverter, with great success.
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Books on the topic "Solar PV array"

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Design and optimization of a self-deploying single axis tracking PV array. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1992.

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Economic Optimization of PV Array Tilt Angle. academia.edu, 2017.

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Optimization of PV Panels Spacing. academia.edu, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solar PV array"

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Kaushika, N. D., Anuradha Mishra, and Anil K. Rai. "Solar PV Module and Array Network." In Solar Photovoltaics, 81–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72404-1_7.

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Braun, Henry, Santoshi T. Buddha, Venkatachalam Krishnan, Cihan Tepedelenlioglu, Andreas Spanias, Toru Takehara, Ted Yeider, Mahesh Banavar, and Shinichi Takada. "Monitoring of PV Systems." In Signal Processing for Solar Array Monitoring, Fault Detection, and Optimization, 57–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02497-9_6.

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Verma, Pallavi, Priya Mahajan, and Rachana Garg. "Sensitivity Analysis of Solar PV System for Different PV Array Configurations." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 393–403. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91244-4_31.

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Das, Gourab, M. De, S. Mandal, and K. K. Mandal. "Characteristics of Solar PV Array Implemented in Matlab Software." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 11–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3953-9_2.

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Palawat, Karni Pratap, Vinod K. Yadav, and R. L. Meena. "Performance Evaluation of Solar PV Array Under Various Partial Shading Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 445–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7994-3_41.

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Nallapaneni, Shreya, Kairavi Shah, and Harsh S. Dhiman. "Automated Solar PV Array Cleaning Based on Aerial Computer Vision Framework." In Soft Computing: Theories and Applications, 563–71. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9858-4_48.

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Palawat, Karni Pratap, Vinod Kumar Yadav, R. L. Meena, and Santosh Ghosh. "Experimental Investigation of Performance of PV Array Topologies under Simulated PSCs." In Applied Soft Computing and Embedded System Applications in Solar Energy, 47–64. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2021. |: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003121237-3.

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Takahashi, Masahide, Shoji Miki, Seiji Wakamatsu, and Junji Matsumoto. "Construction, Research and Development of Pv Power Generation System for Centralized Array Location (1MW)." In Seventh E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 369–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3817-5_67.

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Rawat, Sandeep, Reetu Naudiyal, and Rupendra Kumar Pachauri. "Experimental Study on Solar PV Array Configurations Under Non-uniform Irradiation Conditions." In Advances in Sustainable Development, 171–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4400-9_13.

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Nihanth, Malisetty Siva Sai, N. Rajasekar, Dhanup S. Pillai, and J. Prasanth Ram. "A New Array Reconfiguration Scheme for Solar PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions." In Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems, 387–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0214-9_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solar PV array"

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Barkaszi, Stephen F., and James P. Dunlop. "Discussion of Strategies for Mounting Photovoltaic Arrays on Rooftops." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-142.

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Abstract The mechanical attachment of photovoltaic (PV) arrays to rooftops presents a number of unique and challenging issues for system designers and installers. With a resurgence of roof-mounted PV installations due to increasing duel costs and decreasing PV system prices, the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) has accelerated its investigations of array mounting strategies, with the objectives of identifying key performance and cost parameters from a systems engineering perspective. Two principal classifications can be defined for rooftop PV array mounting systems: building-integrated (BIPV) and building-attached (BAPV) or standoff designs. The various attachment methods within these categories each have pros and cons that affect the labor and cost associated with the install and the system performance. An overview and assessment of some existing rooftop PV array attachment methods or mounting approaches, and their advantages and disadvantages with respect to key design criteria are presented to assist designers and installers in the selection of the appropriate method for a given project.
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El-Shatter, Thanaa F., Mona N. Eskandar, and Mohsen T. El-Hagry. "Hybrid PV/Fuel Cell System Design and Simulation." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-134.

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Abstract In this paper, a hybrid Photovoltaic (PV)-fuel cell generation system employing an electrolyzer for hydrogen generation is designed and simulated. The system is applicable for remote areas or isolated loads. Fuzzy regression model (FRM) is applied for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to extract maximum available solar power from PV arrays under variable insolation conditions. The system incorporates a controller designed to achieve continuous supply power to the load via the PV array or the fuel cell, or both according to the power available from the sun. The simulation results show that the system can run without power shortage for more than four days even in case of zero insolation.
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Yoshioka, Kazuya, Tadashi Saitoh, and Satoru Yatabe. "Performance Assessment and Prediction of a PV Array Installed Vertically on Building Walls." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44225.

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This paper predicts relationship between array performance and surrounding ambient including installation conditions for PV array installed on building walls. A PV system assumed for calculation is a PV array installed on the north, south, east and west walls of a building which was constructed as a NEDO field-test project. In the case of performance simulation for the actual PV system, calculated performance generally agrees with real measured data. Based on them, produced electrical energy is simulated as a function of ground albedo, array tilt angle and space between the PV array and the wall for installation. In addition, shading effect on produced electrical energy is also estimated by assuming some neighboring buildings. Effect of sub-array installation on different walls on DC power output is also estimated.
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Peña, R. A. S., Erees Queen B. Macabebe, and Davide Del Col. "Electrical PV Array Reconfiguration Strategy Against Partial Shading." In ISES Solar World Congress 2015. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2015.05.14.

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Schripsema, Jason, and Jerry Culik. "A Simple Technique for Evaluating the Performance of Grid Connected Inverters." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1044.

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One of the challenges associated with evaluating the reliability of a large number of grid-connected (GC) photovoltaic (PV) systems is the expense of the measurement and data logging equipment required to measure typical operating parameters for these system. In order to fully monitor a PV system, it is necessary to measure plane of array solar irradiance, solar spectrum, array temperature, DC voltage, and DC current as well as the AC voltage, AC current, and AC power produced by the inverter. This paper presents a technique for evaluating several aspects of the performance and reliability of a grid-connected PV system using just one AC power meter / data logger to record the minimum, maximum, and mean power produced by the system over small segments of time. The data can then be graphed to quickly identify a wide variety of inverter problems, several examples of which are presented.
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Stone, Kenneth W., Vahan Garboushian, and Herb Hayden. "Design and Performance of the Amonix High Concentration Solar PV System." In ASME Solar 2002: International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2002-1047.

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Amonix has designed, manufactured, installed, and tested over 500 kW of high concentrating PV systems based around a concentrating silicon cell that set a new world efficiency record in 1992. This paper describes the development of this product as well as the physical and operating characteristics of the system. The operating characteristics that make this system attractive for grid, distributed, and off-grid are discussed. Data is presented that demonstrates the high daily power generating capability and the energy performance of the concentrating PV system. Other attributes of the system are also discussed such as the automatic/unattended operation, the short installation time, etc. An array installed at Pomona, CA is described, it has operated unattended for over 3 years and is still producing power today.
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Dunlop, James P., and Brian N. Farhi. "Recommendations for Maximizing Battery Life in Photovoltaic Systems: A Review of Lessons Learned." In ASME 2001 Solar Engineering: International Solar Energy Conference (FORUM 2001: Solar Energy — The Power to Choose). American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sed2001-135.

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Abstract This report contains notes, observations and recommendations about the use of batteries in small stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems. The conclusions of this work are based on the results of more than a decade’s worth of battery testing at the Florida Solar Energy Center and related work with Sandia National Laboratories, the PV industry and user groups. The most critical findings were the relationship between battery state-of-charge and battery life and the importance of an adequate PV array-to-load ratio.
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Lynn, Kevin. "Outdoor Performance Characterization of Grid-Connected Inverters." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65114.

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Between April 2001 and September 2002, the Florida Solar Energy Center conducted research to evaluate the performance of several utility-interactive inverters. The major issues to be identified were the efficiency of the inverters and their ability to follow the maximum power point of the photovoltaic (PV) array. Existing PV testing facilities at FSEC were modified to carry out this analysis. This facility, called the Photovoltaic Inverter Test Facility, is capable of providing approximately four kWp of array power to the inverter. Data on inverter performance were collected using a Campbell 10X datalogger. The parameters collected included the following: irradiance, PV array temperature, inverter temperature, PV voltage, PV current, AC voltage, AC current, and AC Power. Because of the voltage windows and power requirements of the different inverters, the array was designed to be easily reconfigured to meet those requirements. Each of the inverters was installed and allowed to run for several weeks under both clear and cloudy conditions. At the end of the test period, inverter efficiencies were calculated from the collected data. The ability of the inverter to follow the maximum power point of the array was evaluated in two ways. In the first method, DC voltage and current were measured while the inverter was operating, then the array was disconnected from the inverter and the maximum power point of the array was immediately taken. By comparing the measured DC voltage and current to the maximum power point of the array, one could determine the effectiveness of the inverter algorithm. Unfortunately this method requires steady-state conditions and does not show the effectiveness of the algorithm in cloudy conditions. To determine its effectiveness in cloudy conditions, DC voltage and current were compared to the expected maximum power. The expected array maximum power point was calculated from IV curves of the array, irradiance measurements, and array temperature measurements. DC to AC efficiency curves were derived from the data as well. Results from the inverters were mixed, but several showed room for improvement.
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Lynn, Kevin, and William Wilson. "Early Results From the Long-Term Testing of Inverters." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99111.

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The Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) has partnered with Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), the Southwest Technical Development Institute (SWTDI), and the California Energy Commissions Public Interest Energy Research (CEC PIER) in an effort to characterize the performance of PV inverters operating over extended periods of time. As part of this characterization, SNL executed an initial performance characterization in the laboratory to be repeated at one or two year intervals. These inverters were then sent distributed to the above test facilities for installation and long-term testing. To perform this long-term testing, FSEC built an inverter test facility made up of a configurable 10.1 kW PV array and four test beds. Each test bed was set up to monitor the following parameters: DC voltage, DC current, AC Voltage, AC Power and inverter temperature. Solar irradiance, ambient temperature, and several PV array temperatures were recorded by a separate, synchronized datalogger. Three inverters are currently being tested: the Fronius IG 3000, the Xantrex GT 3.0, and the SMA Sunny Boy 2500U. The three inverters were loaded with a PV array close to the maximum power limit allowed by the inverter, and the array power supplied to each inverter was within 100 W of one another. Since the PV array for each inverter used identical PV modules mounted in the same orientation, it was easier to develop a model to compare inverter performance based on energy output. In addition to energy output, other parameters were obtained such as inverter efficiency. An attempt was made to compare the results obtained at FSEC to those results compiled by the California Energy Commission.
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Torrey, David A., and James M. Kokernak. "Increasing the Productivity of Solar Photovoltaic Systems." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99096.

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State-sponsored incentives have played a significant role in driving the demand for residential and small commercial photovoltaic (PV) systems. All state incentive programs are tied to the power rating of the system, though some states also offer energy production incentives. Unfortunately, there is a disconnect between the power rating of a PV system and the energy that system produces over its lifetime. It is extremely important to consider system productivity, which goes well beyond the efficiency of the components. System productivity is tied directly to the structure of the array, not just the efficiency of the components and the quality of the installation. This paper examines the issues associated with improving solar PV system productivity. The focus is on comparing a series-parallel array configuration to a series-string array configuration and the impact on energy production. Partial shade is used to highlight substantial differences between the operation of the two array configurations.
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Reports on the topic "Solar PV array"

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Beatty, Brenda, Jordan Macknick, James McCall, Genevieve Braus, and David Buckner. Native Vegetation Performance under a Solar PV Array at the National Wind Technology Center. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1357887.

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Ramos, Jaime. Operation of Grid-tied 5 kWDC solar array to develop Laboratory Experiments for Solar PV Energy System courses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061479.

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Stern, M., R. West, G. Fourer, W. Whalen, M. Van Loo, and G. Duran. Development of a low-cost integrated 20-kW ac solar tracking sub- array for grid-connected PV power system applications. Phase 1, Annual technical report, 11 July 1995--31 July 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/549670.

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