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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar processes'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 July 2024

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1

Mishra, Ashish, and Mukul Kumar. "Solar Dynamical Processes I." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.3.1.47-61.

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The article gives a concise overview of solar dynamical processes and their impacts on the space weather. This article is based on the observational and theoretical developments made during last few decades. The article begins with a brief discussion of the Sun and the solar interior, from the core to the solar corona. We discuss the solar magnetic field and provide some basic understanding of the solar dynamo model. The solar dynamical processes, the transient as well as the gradual, are the manifestations of the Sun’s magnetic field. Magnetic reconnection, as well as submergence and emergence of magnetic flux tubes, plays an important role in the solar activities. This article tries to cover a range of dynamical processes, including sunspots, solar prominences and bright points. We also discussed various models of the dynamical processes along with their properties and effect on other activities occurring on the Sun.

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2

Atallah Aljubourya, Dheeaa Al Deen, Puganeshwary Palaniandy, Hamidi Bin Abdul Aziz, and Shaik Feroz. "Comparative Study of Advanced Oxidation Processes to Treat Petroleum Wastewater." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 43, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2015-0016.

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AbstractThis study was carried out to compare the performance of different oxidation processes, such as solar photo-Fenton reaction, solar photocatalysis by TiO2, and the combination of the two for the treatment of petroleum wastewater from Sohar Oil Refinery by a central composite design with response surface methodology. The degradation efficiency was evaluated in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) reductions. Solar photocatalysis by the TiO2/Fenton method improved the performance of the photocatalyst at neutral pH for petroleum wastewater without the need to adjust the pH during this treatment. Under acidic conditions, the solar photo-Fenton process is more efficient than solar TiO2photocatalysis while it is less efficient under alkaline conditions. The TiO2dosage and pH are the two main factors that improved the TOC and COD reductions in the solar photocatalysis using combined TiO2/Fenton and the solar TiO2photocatalysis processes while the pH and H2O2concentration are the two key factors that affect the solar photo-Fenton process.

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3

Mishra, Ashish, and Mukul Kumar. "Solar Dynamical Processes II." Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 6, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.6.1.1-13.

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The present article is the successor of Solar Dynamical Processes I. The previous article was focused on the Sun, its magnetic field with an emphasis on various dynamical processes occurring on the Sun, e.g. sunspots, prominence and bright points which in turn plays a fundamental role in regulating the space weather. This article is emphasized on the solar dynamical processes and develop an extensive understanding of the various phenomena involved in their origin. The article also covers various models and hypothesis put forward by pioneer scientists on the basis of their observation by space-borne and ground-based instruments. This article shade light over a wide range of dynamical processes e.g., solar flares, coronal mass ejections, solar jets and coronal holes. Solar jets, the small-scale transient activities are found to have association with the other transient activities (e.g., mini-flares and mini-filaments). Flares as well as the coronal mass ejections are responsible for releasing a large amount of high energy charged particles and magnetic flux into the interplanetary space, and are being considered as the main drivers of space weather.

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4

Xu, Zhihua, Huidong Zang, and Bin Hu. "Solar energy-conversion processes in organic solar cells." JOM 60, no. 9 (September 2008): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-008-0117-9.

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5

Meier, Anton, and Aldo Steinfeld. "Solar Thermochemical Production of Fuels." Advances in Science and Technology 74 (October 2010): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.74.303.

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High-temperature thermochemical processes efficiently convert concentrated solar energy into storable and transportable fuels. In the long run, H2O/CO2-splitting thermochemical cycles based on metal oxide redox reactions are developed to produce H2 and CO, which can be further processed to synthetic liquid fuels. In a transition period, carbonaceous feedstocks (fossil fuels, biomass, C-containing wastes) are solar-upgraded and transformed into valuable fuels via reforming, gasification and decomposition processes. The most promising solar thermochemical processes are discussed and the latest technological developments are summarized.

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6

Nakariakov, V. M., A. R. Inglis, I. V. Zimovets, C. Foullon, E. Verwichte, R. Sych, and I. N. Myagkova. "Oscillatory processes in solar flares." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 52, no. 12 (November 15, 2010): 124009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/52/12/124009.

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7

Duffie, John A., William A. Beckman, and Jon McGowan. "Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes." American Journal of Physics 53, no. 4 (April 1985): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14178.

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8

Tomozov, V. M. "Plasma Processes in Solar Flares." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 142 (1990): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900088264.

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A rationale is presented for a conception that appearance of flares in active regions is due to the interaction of large-scale convective elements. Such an interaction gives rise to shear motions in the vicinity of the inverse polarity line of the photospheric magnetic field which generate vortical motions leading to non-equilibrium state of the magnetic configuration. Modern concepts of manifestations of turbulent plasma processes are described in terms of theoretical models for solar flares. Plasma effects arising at propagation of electron beams and thermal fluxes in the solar atmosphere are considered. Their role in the interpretation of hard X-ray and type III radio bursts is pointed out. The role of the turbulent Stark effect for diagnostics of collective plasma processes in solar flares is emphasized.

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9

Gorensek, Maximilian B., Claudio Corgnale, John A. Staser, and John W. Weidner. "Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen (STCH) Processes." Electrochemical Society Interface 27, no. 1 (2018): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f05181if.

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10

Tomson, Teolan. "Transient processes of solar radiation." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 112, no. 3-4 (August 10, 2012): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-012-0742-7.

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11

Borovik, Aleksandr, and Anton Zhdanov. "THE PROCESSES OF ENERGY RELEASE IN LOW-POWER SOLAR FLARES." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 5, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-54201901.

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Using flare patrol data for 1972–2010 [http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/space-weather/solar-data/solar-features/solar-flares/], we have conducted statistical studies of small solar flares. We have established a correlation between the flare brightness rise time and the total duration of small flares, and obtained evidence of the discreteness of relative rise times (Trel). The most significant Trel values are 0.2, 0.25, 0.33, and 0.5. As the area class and importance of flares increase, maxima of Trel distributions decrease, flatten, and completely disappear in case of large flares. We have found the discreteness of the area distribution of small flares. We have obtained distributions of solar flare energy, which exhibit significant overlap for flare energy of different area classes. The energy range of large solar flares contains 9.5 % of small flares. The energy range of flares of area class 1 has even a more significant overlap.

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12

Kostuchenko, I. G., and S. F. Timashev. "Flicker-Noise in Processes of Solar Activity." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 08, no. 04 (April 1998): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127498000607.

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The time series describing the solar activity variations in the diverse solar layers are analyzed in terms of the developed method of the flicker-noise diagnostic which allows one to extract the dynamic characteristics of the process under study. The revealed results allow us to conclude that in all studied solar processes short term variations of the observational variables (with typical time less than ~3 years) reflect the behavior of some global dynamics. The dynamic characteristics turned out to be similar for the processes which are observed at the level of the solar photosphere and gradually changes in the solar atmosphere. That is why all Sun layers can be considered as a single dynamic system. We find that the short term variations of the solar neutrino capture rate are not random but are caused by some dynamic process. The analysis of solar total irradiance time series in terms of the applied method allows us to suggest that the mentioned dynamic processes exists in the solar core.

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13

Rubino, Felice, Pedro Poza, Germana Pasquino, and Pierpaolo Carlone. "Thermal Spray Processes in Concentrating Solar Power Technology." Metals 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091377.

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Solar power is a sustainable and affordable source of energy, and has gained interest from academies, companies, and government institutions as a potential and efficient alternative for next-generation energy production. To promote the penetration of solar power in the energy market, solar-generated electricity needs to be cost-competitive with fossil fuels and other renewables. Development of new materials for solar absorbers able to collect a higher fraction of solar radiation and work at higher temperatures, together with improved design of thermal energy storage systems and components, have been addressed as strategies for increasing the efficiency of solar power plants, offering dispatchable energy and adapting the electricity production to the curve demand. Manufacturing of concentrating solar power components greatly affects their performance and durability and, thus, the global efficiency of solar power plants. The development of viable, sustainable, and efficient manufacturing procedures and processes became key aspects within the breakthrough strategies of solar power technologies. This paper provides an outlook on the application of thermal spray processes to produce selective solar absorbing coatings in solar tower receivers and high-temperature protective barriers as strategies to mitigate the corrosion of concentrating solar power and thermal energy storage components when exposed to aggressive media during service life.

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14

Abdurrhman, Ahmed B., Fatima Zakria, and Hamed A. Said. "Study on loss processes in solar cells." Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences 20, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v20i1.1021.

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Determining heat sources for solar cells is essential to avoid energy loss, which in turn causes the efficiency of solar cells to decrease and therefore, the loss processes have a significant impact on solar conversion. This paper presents a study of intrinsic and exogenous losses in solar cells, identification of the resulting energy loss at different temperatures, and discusses the impact of exogenous and spectral reflectivity on solar cell performance. The results show an increase in thermal loss with an increase in temperature, which in turn leads to a decrease in the efficiency of solar cells. Also explained that the external radiate efficiency, spectral reflectance and operating temperature significantly affect the loss processes. The efficiency of the cell begins to decrease with the decrease of its external radiate efficiency.

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15

Kadırgan, F. "Electrochemical nano-coating processes in solar energy systems." International Journal of Photoenergy 2006 (2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijp/2006/84891.

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The efficiencies of electrochemically prepared nano-thick CdS and black nickel coatings were investigated as a function of their preparation conditions in the application field of energy; such as, solar-electricity conversion, solar cells, and solar-thermal conversion, spectrally selective solar collectors.

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16

Dergachev, Valentin, and Vladimir Chistyakov. "Cosmogenic Radiocarbon and Cyclical Natural Processes." Radiocarbon 37, no. 2 (1995): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200030897.

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We investigated relations among solar activity, climate and cosmogenic radiocarbon in a time series of various astrophysical, geophysical, archaeological and historical data. We studied records of tree-ring thickness, aurora borealis, the catalog of visible sunspots, sedimentary deposits from lakes and oceans, global glacial advance and retreat chronology, polar ice cores and human migrations. In these data, we searched for evidence of medium- and long-term solar cycles. Application of different spectral techniques to the atmospheric 14C concentration time series indicates the existence of spectral lines at a few dominant periodicities ranging from 11 yr to ca. 2 ka. Different laboratories have confirmed the presence of the ca. 210-and 2000-yr spectral features in long 14C series in tree rings. The ca. 210-yr 14C cycle is probably caused by heliomagnetic modulation of the cosmic-ray flux. The extrema of both the ca. 210-yr 14C period and solar activity correlate with the cold and warm epochs of global climate, at least for the past millennium, and this correlation has the correct sign. The periods of low solar activity are well correlated with the Little Ice Ages. The cause of the ca. 2 ka 14C period is, as yet, uncertain, but evidence from the analyses of various natural records shows that it could have a solar origin. In this study, we obtained powerful manifestations of solar activity and climate warming epochs at ca. 1500, 3800, 6100, 8200, 10,500 and 12,600 bp. A similar feature occurs in epochs of minimum amplitude in the 14C content in tree rings. Thus, solar activity may affect both the 14C content in the Earth's atmosphere and climate.

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17

Daglis, I., D. Baker, E. Sarris, and B. Wilken. "Solar-terrestrial symposium examines coupling processes." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 79, no. 11 (1998): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98eo00104.

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18

Murphy, R. J., C. D. Dermer, and R. Ramaty. "High-energy processes in solar flares." Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 63 (March 1987): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/191180.

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19

Fields, Carl C. "Aeolian processes in the solar system." Physics Teacher 26, no. 9 (December 1988): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2342639.

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20

Tomson, Teolan. "Fast dynamic processes of solar radiation." Solar Energy 84, no. 2 (February 2010): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2009.11.013.

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21

Kodama, Tatsuya, Selvan Bellan, Nobuyuki Gokon, and Hyun Seok Cho. "Particle reactors for solar thermochemical processes." Solar Energy 156 (November 2017): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2017.05.084.

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22

Lux-Steiner, M. Ch, A. Ennaoui, Ch H. Fischer, A. Jäger-Waldau, J. Klaer, R. Klenk, R. Könenkamp, et al. "Processes for chalcopyrite-based solar cells." Thin Solid Films 361-362 (February 2000): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6090(99)00826-3.

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23

Yadav, Deepak, and Rangan Banerjee. "A review of solar thermochemical processes." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54 (February 2016): 497–532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.026.

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24

Pérez-Peraza, J., and A. Gallegos-Cruz. "Diagnostics of solar particle acceleration processes." Advances in Space Research 21, no. 4 (January 1998): 629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00973-3.

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25

Gonzalez, Walter D., and James L. Burch. "Key Processes in Solar-Terrestrial Physics." Space Science Reviews 158, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-011-9779-7.

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26

Al-Mutaz, I. S., and M. I. Al-Ahmed. "Evaluation of solar powered desalination processes." Desalination 73 (January 1989): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(89)87012-2.

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27

Hudson, H. S., L. Fletcher, G. H. Fisher, W. P. Abbett, and A. Russell. "Momentum Distribution in Solar Flare Processes." Solar Physics 277, no. 1 (October 4, 2011): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-011-9836-0.

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28

Servidio, S., C. Gurgiolo, V. Carbone, and M. L. Goldstein. "RELAXATION PROCESSES IN SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE." Astrophysical Journal 789, no. 2 (June 27, 2014): L44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/789/2/l44.

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29

Dryer, M. "Solar connection to transient interplanetary processes." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 55, no. 7 (June 1993): 947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(93)90088-g.

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30

Sha, Sha, Kristian Melin, Daniela Villalba de Kokkonen, and Markku Hurme. "Solar energy footprint of ethylene processes." Ecological Engineering 82 (September 2015): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.04.057.

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31

Venkatakrishnan, P. "Observable Signals of Coronal Heating Processes." Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600011291.

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AbstractThe solar corona is thought to be sustained by waves, currents, turbulence or by velocity filtration. For efficient wave heating of the corona, only the Alfven waves seem to survive the effects of steepening and shock dissipation in the chromosphere (Zirker, 1993, Solar Phys. 148,43) and these can be dissipated in the corona by mode conversion or phase mixing (Priest, 1991 in XIV Consultation on Solar Physics, Karpacz). Enhanced line width of 530.3 nm coronal line seen within closed structures (Singh et al., 1982, J. Astrophys. Astron. 3,248), association of enhanced line width of HeI 1083 nm line with enhanced equivalent width (Venkatakrishnan et al., 1992, Solar Phys. 138,107), and gradients seen in the MgX 60.9 and 62.5 nm coronal line width (Hassler, et al., 1990, Astrophys. J. 348, L77), are possibly some examples of the observed signals of wave heating. Current sheets, produced in a variety of ways (Priest and Forbes, 1989, Solar Phys. 43,177; Parker, 1979, Cosmical Magnetic Fields, Ox. Univ. Press), can dissipate and provide heat. The properties of current sheets can be inferred from fill factors, emission measures (Cargill, 1994, in J.L. Burch and J.H. Waite, Jr. (eds.) Solar System Plasma Physics: Resolution of Processes in Space and Time, AGU Monograph), hard xrays (Lin et al., 1984, Astrophys. J. 283,421), and radio bursts (Benz, 1986, Solar Phys. 104,99). The association of large scale currents with enhanced transition region (deLoach et al., 1984, Solar Phys. 91,235.) and regions of enhanced magnetic shear with brighter corona (Moore et al., 1994, Proc. Kofu Symp) are of some possible interest in this context. Self consistent calculations of the turbulent cascade of energy from the scales of photospheric motions down into dissipative scales (Heyvaerts and Priest, 1992, Astrophys. J. 390,297) predict the width of coronal lines as a function of the properties of the forcing flows. Velocity filtration caused by free streaming effects off a non maxwellian boundary distribution of particles may well result in a plasma having coronal properties (Scudder, 1992a, Astrophys. J. 398,299; 1992b, Astrophys.J.11 398,319). The observable signals are the variation of line shapes with altitude.

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32

Pérez-Peraza, J., A. Leyva-Contreras, M. Valdés-Barrón, I. Libin, K. Yudakhin, and A. Jaani. "Influence of solar activity on hydrological processes." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 3 (May 11, 2005): 605–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-2-605-2005.

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Abstract. The relationship between solar activity and the water volumes of lakes is searched here by means of correlational and spectral analysis methods. The level of two lakes, Pátzcuaro in México and Tchudskoye in Russia, together with solar activity indexes are used for the analysis. It is found that the source of the oscillation mechanism of the level of those lakes is the solar activity cycle through its influence on the magnetosphere and the terrestrial atmosphere. The present study allows for the development of long-period prognostic of water volumes of big lakes.

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33

Evstafyev, Vladimir K. "Solar spot influence on Earth's molecular processes." International Journal of Astrobiology 12, no. 1 (September 25, 2012): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550412000286.

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AbstractThe paper considers the two-century-old problem of how solar spots influence biological objects on the Earth. It describes the modern state of the kT-problem, which for a long time has been the most difficult obstacle in explaining solar activity effects. Based on recent advances in spin chemistry and magnetoplasticity physics, it is shown that a ‘molecular target’ sensitive to weak electromagnetic fields is spins in non-equilibrial states of the molecular system. A way of how solar spots can influence Earth's molecular, including biological, processes through a ‘transparency window’ in the Earth's atmosphere is proposed.

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34

Savina, Nataliia, Yevheniia Sribna, Volodymyr Yemelyanov, Svitlana Dombrovska, and Dmytro Mishchenko. "Stimulation of investment processes in renewable energy sector." E3S Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 01048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125501048.

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The purpose of the article is to assess the pace of capital contribution and investment in solar energy in order to increase the energy security of national economies. The study analyzes the development of the global solar industry for years 2009-2019 in the context of investment support. The main stages of development of world solar energy are marked and the priority of countries and regions is determined. Factors of attractiveness of solar energy for private investment are noted, namely the investment climate is formed at the expense of legislative maintenance of this sphere, and in the economic plan at the expense of introduction of the «green» tariff. Two main investment processes in the development of solar energy are noted. First, these are large private companies that implement large-scale projects from solar stations. Secondly, this small private investment to provide electric for households that identified a small city urbanization and climatic conditions. It was found that the solar energy market depends more on capital intensity than on resource intensity. The result of economic calculation is indicated, which allowed to determine the term of reduction of the cost price of 1 kW of photovoltaic power station electricity to the level of NPP production cost for ten years.

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35

Parnell, Clare E. "Astrophysical processes on the Sun." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1970 (July 13, 2012): 3043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0139.

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Over the past two decades, there have been a series of major solar space missions, namely Yohkoh, SOHO, TRACE, and in the past 5 years, STEREO, Hinode and SDO, studying various aspects of the Sun and providing images and spectroscopic data with amazing temporal, spatial and spectral resolution. Over the same period, the type and nature of numerical models in solar physics have been completely revolutionized as a result of widespread accessibility to parallel computers. These unprecedented advances on both observational and theoretical fronts have led to significant improvements in our understanding of many aspects of the Sun's behaviour and furthered our knowledge of plasma physics processes that govern solar and other astrophysical phenomena. In this Theme Issue, the current perspectives on the main astrophysical processes that shape our Sun are reviewed. In this Introduction, they are discussed briefly to help set the scene.

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36

K. Evstafyev, Vladimir. "How Solar Activity Influences Earth's Molecular Processes." Open Biology Journal 2, no. 1 (May 7, 2009): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874196700902010038.

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The paper presents a solution to the two-century old problem of how solar activity influences biological objects on Earth. It gives a description of the modern state of the kT-problem, which for a long time has been the most difficult obstacle in the way of explaining solar activity effects. Based on recent advances in spin chemistry, magnetoplasticity physics, and physics of critical conditions, it is shown that a "molecular target" sensitive to weak electromagnetic fields and corresponding radio emissions of the Sun has spin dynamics in non-equilibrium and is near the lower critical point of dividing into layers. A way is proposed as to how solar activity can have an influence on Earth's molecular, including biological, processes through a "transparency window" of the Earth's atmosphere at the 80Mhz frequency.

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37

Kumar, Kalyan. "Development of economic processes utilizing solar energy." Acta Academiae Beregsasiensis. Economics, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.58423/2786-6742/2022-2-32-41.

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The concern of the electric utility companies to prioritize tight control on system performance is addressed in the paper as it immensely helps planning maintenance expenditure economically with customers’ expectations fully met. . The paper aims at making a comparative study of performance of the micro-grid power system with that of the interconnected micro-grid and national grid. A micro-grid that utilizes solar energy in sparse locations in hilly terrain for ensuring reliable electric supply to industrial houses engaged in product manufacturing processes has been considered. These manufacturing processes as a part of small and medium industries introduce goods and services necessary for securing economic growth and development in the country side where grid power supply is subject to frequent weather disturbances, and hence, very costly from the perspective of sustenance as well as maintenance. The solar energy trend has given scope for self-reliance and better livelihood of people who live away from cities but the products what they manufacture may be sent for consumption in the nearby cities. Thus, more and more dependence on the solar energy leads to nation’s economic growth policy. Moreover, it adds to uninterrupted and quality electric supply using clean energy in place of fossil fuels-based generation of electricity to protect environment; allows reducing health hazards and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Using reliability techniques, solar energy plant performance is quantitatively judged and compared with respect to the performance of the national grid supplying power supply to the remotely located population. The improved energy security, easy access and operational responses of the solar plant as a substitute to the grid power supply help develop economic growth of a nation.

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38

Galeev, A. A. "Plasma Processes in the Outer Coma." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 116, no. 2 (1991): 1145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100012860.

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AbstractSpacecraft encounters with comets Giacobini-Zinner and Halley revealed a great variety of collective plasma phenomena accompanying the interaction of the solar wind with comets. In this review, we discuss the theory and in situ measurements of the Alfvén wave turbulence and the solar wind loading by cometary ions, and the structure of the cometary bow shock.

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39

Jin-chai, Li, J. C. Muller, and P. Siffert. "H+ passivation of poly-si solar cells processed by different annealing processes." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 4, no. 3 (September 1999): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02842354.

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40

Gopalswamy, Nat. "Positron Processes in the Sun." Atoms 8, no. 2 (April 22, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms8020014.

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Positrons play a major role in the emission of solar gamma-rays at energies from a few hundred keV to >1 GeV. Although the processes leading to positron production in the solar atmosphere are well known, the origin of the underlying energetic particles that interact with the ambient particles is poorly understood. With the aim of understanding the full gamma-ray spectrum of the Sun, I review the key emission mechanisms that contribute to the observed gamma-ray spectrum, focusing on the ones involving positrons. In particular, I review the processes involved in the 0.511 MeV positron annihilation line and the positronium continuum emissions at low energies, and the pion continuum emission at high energies in solar eruptions. It is thought that particles accelerated at the flare reconnection and at the shock driven by coronal mass ejections are responsible for the observed gamma-ray features. Based on some recent developments I suggest that energetic particles from both mechanisms may contribute to the observed gamma-ray spectrum in the impulsive phase, while the shock mechanism is responsible for the extended phase.

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41

Martínez-Rodríguez, Guillermo, Amanda L. Fuentes-Silva, Daniel Velázquez-Torres, and Martín Picón-Núñez. "Comprehensive solar thermal integration for industrial processes." Energy 239 (January 2022): 122332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122332.

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42

Baumjohann, Wolfgang, and Götz Paschmann. "Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Coupling: Processes and Observations." Physica Scripta T18 (January 1, 1987): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1987/t18/008.

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ZWIJNENBERG, H., G. KOOPS, and M. WESSLING. "Solar driven membrane pervaporation for desalination processes." Journal of Membrane Science 250, no. 1-2 (March 15, 2005): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2004.10.029.

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Sergeev, V. A. "Solar wind induced processes in the magnetotail." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 61, no. 1-2 (January 1999): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(98)00124-2.

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Rust, D. M. "Solar Filaments as Tracers of Subsurface Processes." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 179 (2000): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100064459.

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Abstract:

AbstractSolar filaments are discussed in terms of two contrasting paradigms. The standard paradigm is that filaments are formed by condensation of coronal plasma into magnetic fields that are twisted or dimpled as a consequence of motions of the fields’ sources in the photosphere. According to a new paradigm, filaments form in rising, twisted flux ropes and are a necessary intermediate stage in the transfer to interplanetary space of dynamo-generated magnetic flux. It is argued that the accumulation of magnetic helicity in filaments and their coronal surroundings leads to filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections. These ejections relieve the Sun of the flux generated by the dynamo and make way for the flux of the next cycle.

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Ghannam, M., S. Sivoththaman, J. Poortmans, J. Szlufcik, J. Nijs, R. Mertens, and R. Van Overstraeten. "Trends in industrial silicon solar cell processes." Solar Energy 59, no. 1-3 (January 1997): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(96)00095-3.

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Budin, Rajka, and Alka Mihelić-Bogdanić. "Application of solar energy in drying processes." Energy Conversion and Management 35, no. 2 (February 1994): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(94)90068-x.

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Bilgen, E. "Solar hydrogen production by hybrid thermochemical processes." Solar Energy 41, no. 2 (1988): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(88)90137-5.

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Schaap, A. B., and W. B. Veltkamp. "Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, second edition." Solar Energy 51, no. 6 (December 1993): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(93)90137-d.

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Tamme, Rainer, Ulrich Taut, Christian Streuber, and Horst Kalfa. "Energy storage development for solar thermal processes." Solar Energy Materials 24, no. 1-4 (December 1991): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(91)90077-x.

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