Journal articles: 'Solar hydrogen'

1

Goho, Alexandra. "Solar Hydrogen." Science News 166, no. 18 (October 30, 2004): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4015812.

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GRETZ, JOACHIM. "SOLAR HYDROGEN." International Journal of Solar Energy 10, no. 3-4 (October 1991): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425919108941467.

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NOWOTNY, J., and L. SHEPPARD. "Solar-hydrogen." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32, no. 14 (September 2007): 2607–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.09.003.

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Gretz, Joachim. "Solar hydrogen." Renewable Energy 1, no. 3-4 (January 1991): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(91)90051-p.

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Scheffe, Jonathan R., Sophia Haussener, and Greta R. Patzke. "Solar Hydrogen Production." Energy Technology 10, no. 1 (January 2022): 2101021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.202101021.

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Gallegos, Alberto Alvarez, Yary Vergara García, and Alvaro Zamudio. "Solar hydrogen peroxide." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 88, no. 2 (July 2005): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2004.02.053.

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Behrmann, J.-P., and A. Szyszka. "Solar-hydrogen project." International Journal of Project Management 11, no. 1 (February 1993): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-7863(93)90009-c.

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8

Wang, De Zhi, Fu Zhou Zhao, and Cai Li Zhu. "Solar Hydrogen Production Research Status and Prospect." Advanced Materials Research 983 (June 2014): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.983.265.

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The status of solar hydrogen production, solar hydrogen production from water electrolysis, solar photochemical hydrogen production, biological hydrogen production, solar thermal decomposition of water hydrogen production and other hydrogen production methods are presented in this paper. Then the key technologies of various hydrogen production are investigated in detail. Analysing the domestic and foreign research progress, the state-of-the art solar hydrogen production can be got to know in this paper. On the basis of solar hydrogen production, some prospects are put forward.

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Rongé, Jan, Tom Bosserez, Louis Huguenin, Mikaël Dumortier, Sophia Haussener, and Johan A. Martens. "Solar Hydrogen Reaching Maturity." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 70, no. 5 (April 14, 2015): 863–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2014061.

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10

Barbir, F., and T. N. Veziroğlu. "A solar hydrogen house." International Journal of Ambient Energy 12, no. 3 (July 1991): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01430750.1991.9675537.

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11

Licht, Stuart. "Thermochemical solar hydrogen generation." Chemical Communications, no. 37 (2005): 4635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b508466k.

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Winter, Carl-Jochen. "Solar hydrogen energy trade." Energy Policy 19, no. 5 (June 1991): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(91)90027-l.

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13

Qiu, Yue, Suyang Zhou, Jinyi Chen, Zhi Wu, and Qiteng Hong. "Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas Network Simulation for Consuming Green Hydrogen Considering the Hydrogen Diffusion Process." Processes 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 1757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10091757.

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Transporting green hydrogen by existing natural gas networks has become a practical means to accommodate curtailed wind and solar power. Restricted by pipe materials and pressure levels, there is an upper limit on the hydrogen blending ratio of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) that can be transported by natural gas pipelines, which affects whether the natural gas network can supply energy safely and reliably. To this end, this paper investigates the effects of the intermittent and fluctuating green hydrogen produced by different types of renewable energy on the dynamic distribution of hydrogen concentration after it is blended into natural gas pipelines. Based on the isothermal steady-state simulation results of the natural gas network, two convection–diffusion models for the dynamic simulation of hydrogen injections are proposed. Finally, the dynamic changes of hydrogen concentration in the pipelines under scenarios of multiple green hydrogen types and multiple injection nodes are simulated on a seven-node natural gas network. The simulation results indicate that, compared with the solar-power-dominated hydrogen production-blending scenario, the hydrogen concentrations in the natural gas pipelines are more uniformly distributed in the wind-power-dominated scenario and the solar–wind power balance scenario. To be specific, in the solar-power-dominated scenario, the hydrogen concentration exceeds the limit for more time whilst the overall hydrogen production is low, and the local hydrogen concentration in the natural gas network exceeds the limit for nearly 50% of the time in a day. By comparison, in the wind-power-dominated scenario, all pipelines can work under safe conditions. The hydrogen concentration overrun time in the solar–wind power balance scenario is also improved compared with the solar-power-dominated scenario, and the limit-exceeding time of the hydrogen concentration in Pipe 5 and Pipe 6 is reduced to 91.24% and 91.99% of the solar-power-dominated scenario. This work can help verify the day-ahead scheduling strategy of the electricity-HCNG integrated energy system (IES) and provide a reference for the design of local hydrogen production-blending systems.

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Kerboua Ziari, Yasmina, Lotfi Ziani, and Ahmed Benzaoui. "Dimensionning and Simulation of a Pilot Plant for Solar Hydrogen Production." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1857.

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Keywords: Hydrogen, Solar, Hydrogen Production, Electrolysis, Photovoltaic Panel, Simulation Abstract. Hydrogen is regarded as the potential bearer of energy of the future. Solar hydrogen is the hydrogen produced using renewable energy, particularly solar energy [8,3]. The availability of water and hours of sunshine make Algeria a place of choice for solar hydrogen production. In this work, solar hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is considered. The required energy for water dissociation is supplied by a photovoltaic system. A design and operation study of a photovoltaic system has been done for three different regions in Algeria. The production potential is highly significant particularly in the south parts of this country.

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Kolb, Gregory J., Richard B. Diver, and Nathan Siegel. "Central-Station Solar Hydrogen Power Plant." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (April 13, 2006): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2710246.

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Solar power towers can be used to make hydrogen on a large scale. Electrolyzers could be used to convert solar electricity produced by the power tower to hydrogen, but this process is relatively inefficient. Rather, efficiency can be much improved if solar heat is directly converted to hydrogen via a thermochemical process. In the research summarized here, the marriage of a high-temperature (∼1000°C) power tower with a sulfuric acid∕hybrid thermochemical cycle was studied. The concept combines a solar power tower, a solid-particle receiver, a particle thermal energy storage system, and a hybrid-sulfuric-acid cycle. The cycle is “hybrid” because it produces hydrogen with a combination of thermal input and an electrolyzer. This solar thermochemical plant is predicted to produce hydrogen at a much lower cost than a solar-electrolyzer plant of similar size. To date, only small lab-scale tests have been conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of a few of the subsystems and a key immediate issue is demonstration of flow stability within the solid-particle receiver. The paper describes the systems analysis that led to the favorable economic conclusions and discusses the future development path.

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Tao, Meng, and Joseph A. Azzolini. "(Invited) Engineering Challenges in Green Hydrogen Production Systems." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 39 (July 7, 2022): 1732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01391732mtgabs.

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Today, hydrogen is overwhelmingly produced through natural gas reforming which involves significant carbon emissions. Green hydrogen production from water and renewable energy promises over 80% reduction in carbon emission, but the technology for large-scale (megawatt to gigawatt) solar- or wind-powered hydrogen production has yet to be developed. Technical barriers for green hydrogen production include engineering challenges associated with coupling direct-current (DC) solar power with DC electrolyzers as well as the low capacity factors due to intermittent solar and wind power. In this talk we will analyze three approaches for solar-powered electrolysis: 1) coupling a solar array and an electrolyzer through alternating current; 2) DC to DC coupling through a DC/DC power converter; and 3) direct DC to DC coupling without a power converter. We will also introduce the concept of maximum current point tracking (MCPT) and compare it with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for solar-powered electrolysis. MPPT is practically used in all solar systems today except those direct-coupled systems, but MCPT is required to maximize the hydrogen output of a solar electrolyzer. We will also propose a solar + wind electrolytic hydrogen production system to improve the capacity factor of the electrolyzer to about 50% from 20% for a solar-only system.

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Shen, Shaohua, and Samuel S. Mao. "Nanostructure designs for effective solar-to-hydrogen conversion." Nanophotonics 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2012-0010.

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AbstractConversion of energy from photons in sunlight to hydrogen through solar splitting of water is an important technology. The rising significance of producing hydrogen from solar light via water splitting has motivated a surge of developing semiconductor solar-active nanostructures as photocatalysts and photoelectrodes. Traditional strategies have been developed to enhance solar light absorption (e.g., ion doping, solid solution, narrow-band-gap semiconductor or dye sensitization) and improve charge separation/transport to prompt surface reaction kinetics (e.g., semiconductor combination, co-catalyst loading, nanostructure design) for better utilizing solar energy. However, the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency is still limited. This article provides an overview of recently demonstrated novel concepts of nanostructure designs for efficient solar hydrogen conversion, which include surface engineering, novel nanostructured heterojunctions, and photonic crystals. Those first results outlined in the main text encouragingly point out the prominence and promise of these new concepts principled for designing high-efficiency electronic and photonic nanostructures that could serve for sustainable solar hydrogen production.

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Muradov, N., and A. T-Raissi. "Solar Production of Hydrogen Using “Self-Assembled” Polyoxometalate Photocatalysts." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 3 (March 8, 2006): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2212442.

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The near-term and cost-effective production of solar hydrogen from inexpensive and readily available hydrogen containing compounds (HCCs) can boost the prospects of future hydrogen economy. In this paper, we assess the prospects of the solar-assisted conversion of HCCs into hydrogen using polyoxometalate (POM) based photocatalysts, such as isopolytungstates (IPT) and silicotungstic acid (STA). Upon exposure to solar photons, IPT aqueous solutions containing various HCCs (e.g., alcohols, alkanes, organic acids, sugars, etc.) produce hydrogen gas and corresponding oxygenated compounds. The presence of small amounts of colloidal platinum increases the rate of hydrogen evolution by one order of magnitude. A solar photocatalytic flat-bed reactor, approximately 1.2m×1.2m in size, was fabricated and tested for the production of hydrogen from water-alcohol solutions containing IPT and STA and small amounts of colloidal Pt. The solar photoreactor tests demonstrated steady-state production of hydrogen gas for several days. IPT immobilized on granules of anion exchange resins with quaternary ammonium active groups show good photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production from water-alcohol solutions exposed to near-UV or solar radiation.

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Kim, Young Kwang, Gulzar Khan, Hye Won Jeong, and Hyunwoong Park. "SWNTs-catalyzed solar hydrogen production." Rapid Communication in Photoscience 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5857/rcp.2014.3.3.56.

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20

Abdurakhmanov, A., Yu Sabirov, S. Makhmudov, D. Pulatova, T. Jamolov, N. Karshieva, and Sh Ochilov. "Hydrogen production using solar energy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/4/042042.

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Abstract Our paper presents a method for producing green hydrogen by electrolysis of water using solar energy. The required electrical energy for electrolysis of water is obtained from the radiant energy of the sun using a 10 kW photovoltaic station, assembled from individual photovoltaic panels with dimensions 1x2 m in the amount of 30 pcs. FES consists of 30 modules and each of them is checked with an infrared camera during operation in order to check the operability of each element. Comparative characteristics of the current of formation in the electrolyzer of aqueous solutions of sodium and potassium alkalis are given.

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21

Ooi, Boon S., Zitian Mi, and Sang-Wan Ryu. "Solar hydrogen generation: feature introduction." Optics Express 27, no. 8 (February 28, 2019): A292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.00a292.

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22

Bren, Kara L. "Multidisciplinary approaches to solar hydrogen." Interface Focus 5, no. 3 (June 6, 2015): 20140091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2014.0091.

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This review summarizes three different approaches to engineering systems for the solar-driven evolution of hydrogen fuel from water: molecular, nanomaterials and biomolecular. Molecular systems have the advantage of being highly amenable to modification and detailed study and have provided great insight into photophysics, electron transfer and catalytic mechanism. However, they tend to display poor stability. Systems based on nanomaterials are more robust but also are more difficult to synthesize in a controlled manner and to modify and study in detail. Biomolecular systems share many properties with molecular systems and have the advantage of displaying inherently high efficiencies for light absorption, electron–hole separation and catalysis. However, biological systems must be engineered to couple modules that capture and convert solar photons to modules that produce hydrogen fuel. Furthermore, biological systems are prone to degradation when employed in vitro . Advances that use combinations of these three tactics also are described. Multidisciplinary approaches to this problem allow scientists to take advantage of the best features of biological, molecular and nanomaterials systems provided that the components can be coupled for efficient function.

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23

Haxton, W. C., P. D. Parker, and C. E. Rolfs. "Solar hydrogen burning and neutrinos." Nuclear Physics A 777 (October 2006): 226–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.088.

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24

Agrafiotis, Christos C., Chrysoula Pagkoura, Souzana Lorentzou, Margaritis Kostoglou, and Athanasios G. Konstandopoulos. "Hydrogen production in solar reactors." Catalysis Today 127, no. 1-4 (September 30, 2007): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2007.06.039.

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25

He, Yumin, and Dunwei Wang. "Toward Practical Solar Hydrogen Production." Chem 4, no. 3 (March 2018): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2018.02.013.

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26

Kudo, Akihiko. "Photocatalysis and solar hydrogen production." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 11 (January 1, 2007): 1917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779111917.

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Photocatalytic water splitting is a challenging reaction because it is an ultimate solution to energy and environmental issues. Recently, many new powdered photocatalysts for water splitting have been developed. For example, a NiO (0.2 wt %)/NaTaO3:La (2 %) photocatalyst with a 4.1-eV band gap showed high activity for water splitting into H2 and O2 with an apparent quantum yield of 56 % at 270 nm. Overall water splitting under visible light irradiation has been achieved by construction of a Z-scheme photocatalysis system employing visible-light-driven photocatalysts, Ru/SrTiO3:Rh and BiVO4 for H2 and O2 evolution, and an Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple as an electron relay. Moreover, highly efficient sulfide photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production in the presence of electron donors were developed by making solid solutions of ZnS with AgInS2 and CuInS2 of narrow band gap semiconductors. Thus, the database of powdered photocatalysts for water splitting has become plentiful.

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Gorensek, Maximilian B., Claudio Corgnale, John A. Staser, and John W. Weidner. "Solar Thermochemical Hydrogen (STCH) Processes." Electrochemical Society Interface 27, no. 1 (2018): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f05181if.

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Kamat, Prashant V., and Juan Bisquert. "Solar Fuels. Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 117, no. 29 (July 25, 2013): 14873–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp406523w.

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Kuehnel, Moritz F., and Erwin Reisner. "Solar Hydrogen Generation from Lignocellulose." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 57, no. 13 (February 5, 2018): 3290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201710133.

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DeLuchi, Mark A., and Joan M. Ogden. "Solar-hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 27, no. 3 (May 1993): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0965-8564(93)90063-q.

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31

Chaturvedi, Shalini, and Pragnesh N. Dave. "Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production." Materials Science Forum 764 (July 2013): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.764.151.

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Hydrogen is the efficient storage of solar energy in chemical fuels. It is essential for the large-scale utilization of solar energy systems. The production of clean and renewable hydrogen via photocatalysis has received much attention due to the increasing global energy need. In the chapter we are mainly discussed about photocatalytic method for hydrogen production. All other reported method and mechanism of hydrogen production are also summarized here.

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32

Möller, Stephan, Dario Kaucic, and Christian Sattler. "Hydrogen Production by Solar Reforming of Natural Gas: A Comparison Study of Two Possible Process Configurations." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 128, no. 1 (January 25, 2005): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2164447.

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Solar steam reforming of natural gas (NG) is a possibility to lower the cost for introducing renewable hydrogen production technologies to the market by a combination of fossil fuel and solar energy. It comprises the production of hydrogen from NG and steam that acts as a chemical storage for hydrogen and solar energy as the renewable energy source to heat up the system and set free the hydrogen. Using the solar reformer technology fuel savings of up to 40% compared to a conventional plant are expected. The CO2 emissions can be reduced accordingly. The cost study shows that hydrogen produced by solar reforming might cost between 4.5 and 4.7ct€∕kWh (LHV of H2) today. Therefore, it is only about 20% more expensive than conventionally produced hydrogen. Rising prices for NG will result in favorable conditions for the solar technology.

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Cheng, Ziming, Ruitian Yu, Fuqiang Wang, Huaxu Liang, Bo Lin, Hao Wang, Shengpeng Hu, Jianyu Tan, Jie Zhu, and Yuying Yan. "Experimental study on the effects of light intensity on energy conversion efficiency of photo-thermo chemical synergetic catalytic water splitting." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 2 (2018): 709–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170626056z.

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Hydrogen production from water using a catalyst and solar energy was an ideal future fuel source. In this study, an elaborate experimental test rig of hydrogen production from solar water splitting was designed and established with self- controlled temperature system. The effects of light intensity on the reaction rate of hydrogen production from solar water splitting were experimentally investigated with the consideration of optical losses, reaction temperature, and photocatalysts powder cluster. Besides, a revised expression of full-spectrum solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion efficiency with the consideration of optical losses was also put forward, which can be more accurate to evaluate the full-spectrum solar-to-hydrogen energy of photo-catalysts powders. The results indicated that optical losses of solar water splitting reactor increased with the increase of the incoming light intensity, and the hydrogen production rate increased linearly with the increase of effective light intensity even at higher light intensity region when the optical losses of solar water splitting reactor were considered.

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Kim, Sangmo, Nguyen Nguyen, and Chung Bark. "Ferroelectric Materials: A Novel Pathway for Efficient Solar Water Splitting." Applied Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091526.

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Over the past few decades, solar water splitting has evolved into one of the most promising techniques for harvesting hydrogen using solar energy. Despite the high potential of this process for hydrogen production, many research groups have encountered significant challenges in the quest to achieve a high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. Recently, ferroelectric materials have attracted much attention as promising candidate materials for water splitting. These materials are among the best candidates for achieving water oxidation using solar energy. Moreover, their characteristics are changeable by atom substitute doping or the fabrication of a new complex structure. In this review, we describe solar water splitting technology via the solar-to-hydrogen conversion process. We will examine the challenges associated with this technology whereby ferroelectric materials are exploited to achieve a high solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency.

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35

Schoonman, Joop, and Dana Perniu. "Nanostructured materials for solar hydrogen production." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2014-0006.

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Abstract One of the main requirements for a future Hydrogen Economy is a clean and efficient process for producing hydrogen using renewable energy sources. Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier because of its high energy content and clean combustion. In particular, the production of hydrogen from water and solar energy, i.e., photocatalysis and photoelectrolysis, represent methods for both renewable and sustainable energy production. Here, we will present the principles of photocatalysis and the PhotoElectroChemical cell (PEC cell) for water splitting, along with functional materials. Defect chemical aspects will be high-lighted. To date, the decreasing length scale to the nanoscale of the functional materials attracts widespread attention. The nanostructure is beneficial in case diffusion lengths of the photo-generated charge carriers are substantially different.

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Kappauf, Todd, and Edward A. Fletcher. "Hydrogen and sulfur from hydrogen sulfide—VI. Solar thermolysis." Energy 14, no. 8 (August 1989): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(89)90111-4.

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Joubi, Abdulrahman, Yutaro Akimoto, and Keiichi Okajima. "A Production and Delivery Model of Hydrogen from Solar Thermal Energy in the United Arab Emirates." Energies 15, no. 11 (May 29, 2022): 4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114000.

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Hydrogen production from surplus solar electricity as energy storage for export purposes can push towards large-scale application of solar energy in the United Arab Emirates and the Middle East region; this region’s properties of high solar irradiance and vast empty lands provide a good fit for solar technologies such as concentrated solar power and photovoltaics. However, a thorough comparison between the two solar technologies, as well as investigating the infrastructure of the United Arab Emirates for a well-to-ship hydrogen pathway, is yet to be fully carried out. Therefore, in this study we aim to provide a full model for solar hydrogen production and delivery by evaluating the potential of concentrated solar power and photovoltaics in the UAE, then comparing two different pathways for hydrogen delivery based on the location of hydrogen production sites. A Solid Oxide Cell Electrolyzer (SOEC) is used for technical comparison, while the shortest routes for hydrogen transport were analyzed using Geographical Information System (GIS). The results show that CSP technology coupled with SOEC is the most favorable pathway for large-scale hydrogen from solar energy production in the UAE for export purposes. Although PV has a slightly higher electricity potential compared to CSP, around 42 GWh/km2 to 41.1 GWh/km2, respectively, CSP show the highest productions rates of over 6 megatons of hydrogen when the electrolyzer is placed at the same site as the CSP plant, while PV generates 5.15 megatons when hydrogen is produced at the same site with PV plants; meanwhile, hydrogen from PV and CSP shows similar levels of 4.8 and 4.6 megatons of hydrogen, respectively, when electrolyzers are placed at port sites. Even considering the constraints in the UAE’s infrastructure and suggesting new shorter electrical transmission lines that could save up to 0.1 megatons of hydrogen in the second pathway, production at the same site with CSP is still the most advantageous scenario.

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Fai Kait, Chong, and Ela Nurlaela. "Solar Hydrogen from Glycerol-Water Mixture." International Journal of Materials 8 (March 26, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91018.2021.8.1.

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The photocatalytic activity of titania supported bimetallic Cu-Ni photocatalysts were assessed for hydrogen production from water and also a mixture of glycerol-water system under visible light illumination. Addition of 2.0 mL glycerol to 8.0 mL water enhanced the solar hydrogen production from 6.1 mL to 9.5 mL. If metal was not incorporated onto TiO2 , the hydrogen production was minimal, 2.0 mL after 2 hr reaction. The band gap for bimetallic Cu-Ni/TiO2 was 2.78 eV compared to 3.16 eV for TiO2 . Photooxidation of glycerol produced glyceraldehyde, glycolic acid and oxalic acid.

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Ahmadi, Mohammad Hossein, Seyyed Shahabaddin Hosseini Dehshiri, Seyyed Jalaladdin Hosseini Dehshiri, Ali Mostafaeipour, Khalid Almutairi, Hoa Xuan Ao, Mohammadhossein Rezaei, and Kuaanan Techato. "A Thorough Economic Evaluation by Implementing Solar/Wind Energies for Hydrogen Production: A Case Study." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031177.

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A technical–economic assessment was carried out in this study to determine the possibilities for wind and solar power generation in Afghanistan’s Helmand province. The results showed that most of the province has a solar irradiance of over 400 W/m2, and also showed that wind and solar power generated in the province can be up to twice as cheap as the official price of renewable power in Afghanistan. The most suitable site for solar and hydrogen production was found to be Laškar Gāh, where solar and hydrogen can be produced at a cost of 0.066 $/kWh and 2.1496 $/kg-H2, respectively. In terms of wind power production and hydrogen production from wind, the most suitable site was Sangīn, where wind power and hydrogen could be produced at costs of 0.057 $/kWh and 1.4527 $/kg-H2, respectively. Despite the high potential of wind and solar energy in the Helmand province, the most suitable place in this region to produce hydrogen from wind/solar energy was evaluated from technical, economic, and environmental perspectives with the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method. The Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) method was used for weighting criteria and the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method was used to prioritize locations. The results show that Sangīn is the most suitable place for the construction of a wind hydrogen power plant and Laškar Gāh is the most suitable place for the construction of a solar hydrogen power plant.

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Linsky, Jeffrey L., Brian E. Wood, and Seth Redfield. "The solar wind in time." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S286 (October 2011): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131200498x.

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AbstractWe describe our method for measuring mass loss rates of F–M main sequence stars with high-resolution Lyman-α line profiles. Our diagnostic is the extra absorption on the blue side the interstellar hydrogen absorption produced by neutral hydrogen gas in the hydrogen walls of stars. For stars with low X-ray fluxes, the correlation of observed mass loss rate with X-ray surface flux and age predicts the solar wind mass flux between 700 Myr and the present.

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Kumaravel, Vignesh, and Misook Kang. "Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution." Catalysts 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10050492.

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42

Xiang, Chengxiang("CX"). "Decoupling Hydrogen Production and Water Oxidation in a Hybrid Solar-Driven Vanadium Redox Cell Supported By a Bipolar Membrane with Earth-Abundant Catalysts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2018-01, no. 31 (April 13, 2018): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2018-01/31/1864.

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Renewable hydrogen produced by solar water-splitting has the potential to balance the intermittent nature of the sunlight and support grid-scale energy storage. In a solar-driven water-splitting device, the cathode surface and the anode surface involve hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which are tightly coupled with each other, that is, whenever one oxygen molecule was produced at the cathode surface, two hydrogen molecules were produced at the anode surface at the same time. In this talk, I will show some recent results on an alternative approach to solar water-splitting, where the electron and proton generated at OER was used to charge an aqueous vanadium solution in a 2.0 M sulfuric acid (pH = -0.16) electrolyte with near unity Faradaic efficiency, rather than being used directly to produce hydrogen at the cathode. The produced V2+ species in the cathode chamber was then passed through a MoCx based catalyst to produce hydrogen and to re-generate V3+ for the subsequent reduction, with an average hydrogen generation efficiency of 85% at different depths of charging. Coupled to a solar tracker, the solar-driven vanadium redox cell was charged outdoors under real-world illumination during the day and discharged at night to produce hydrogen with a daily average solar to hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of 5.8%.

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Wang, Hongsheng, Bingzheng Wang, Hui Kong, Xiaofei Lu, and Xuejiao Hu. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Methylcyclohexane Dehydrogenation and Solar Energy Storage via Solar-Driven Hydrogen Permeation Membrane Reactor." Membranes 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10120374.

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A novel methylcyclohexane (MCH) dehydrogenation system driven by solar energy with a hydrogen permeation membrane (HPM) reactor is proposed in this study. It is a promising method, via this novel system, to generate pure hydrogen and store intermittent solar energy. In this research, the thermodynamic analysis of MCH dehydrogenation via the HPM reactor was conducted based on numerical simulation. The conversion rates and thermodynamic efficiencies under different temperatures (150–350 °C), permeate pressures from 0.001 to 0.5 bar, and solar irradiation in the four seasons were studied and analyzed. Under a hydrogen partial pressure difference, HPM can separate hydrogen and shift the reaction equilibrium forward for a higher conversion rate of MCH, which can reach nearly 99.7% in this system. The first-law of thermodynamic efficiency, the solar-to-fuel efficiency, and the exergy efficiency are up to 95.58%, 38.65%, and 94.22%, respectively. This study exhibits the feasibility and potential of MCH dehydrogenation via the HPM reactor driven by solar energy and provides a novel approach for solar energy storage.

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Kalbasi, Rasool, Mehdi Jahangiri, and Ahmad Tahmasebi. "Comprehensive Investigation of Solar-Based Hydrogen and Electricity Production in Iran." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (June 9, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627491.

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Hydrogen is a clean and environmentally friendly energy vector that can play an important role in meeting the world’s future energy needs. Therefore, a comprehensive study of the potential for hydrogen production from solar energy could greatly facilitate the transition to a hydrogen economy. Because by knowing the exact amount of potential for solar hydrogen production, the cost-effectiveness of its production can be compared with other methods of hydrogen production. Considering the above, it can be seen that so far no comprehensive study has been done on finding the exact potential of solar hydrogen production in different stations of Iran and finding the most suitable station. Therefore, in the present work, for the first time, using the HOMER and ArcGIS softwares, the technical-economic study of solar hydrogen production at home-scale was done. The results showed that Jask station with a levelized cost of energy equal to $ 0.172 and annual production of 83.8 kg of hydrogen is the best station and Darab station with a levelized cost of energy equal to $ 0.286 and annual production of 50.4 kg of hydrogen is the worst station. According to the results, other suitable stations were Bushehr and Deyr, and other unsuitable stations were Anzali and Khalkhal. Also, in 102 under study stations, 380 MW of solar electricity equivalent to 70.2 tons of hydrogen was produced annually. Based on the geographic information system map, it is clear that the southern half of Iran, especially the coasts of the Persian Gulf and the sea of Oman, is suitable for hydrogen production, and the northern, northeastern, northwestern, and one region in southern of Iran are unsuitable for hydrogen production. The authors of this article hope that the results of the present work will help the energy policymakers to create strategic frameworks and a roadmap for the production of solar hydrogen in Iran.

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A. Balabel, Munner s. Aloaimi, Marwan S. Alrehaili, Abdullah Omar Alharbi, Mohammed M, Alshareef, and Hisham Alharbi. "Potential of solar hydrogen production by water electrolysis in the NEOM green city of Saudi Arabia." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 029–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2023.8.1.0133.

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Green hydrogen is one of the new and promising renewable energy sources, and there is a growing recognition that hydrogen will be the fuel of the future. While numerous methods may be used to manufacture hydrogen, only a few of them are ecologically benign. It is argued that solar hydrogen generated from water using solar energy is a leading candidate for renewable energy. Also, one of the most critical challenges facing green hydrogen is its production as an environmentally safe energy source. Moreover, there are several ways to produce it, including through solar panels alone. In this research, a review will be made of the most important research that has studied the production of green hydrogen using solar energy alone or using different sources of renewable energy so that the system becomes a hybrid. The HOMER Pro program makes a technical study of many scenarios and selects the best ones. In this research, the focus was on hydrogen production in the city of NEOM in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, because it is one of the most important pillars of Saudi Arabia's vision of 2030, and it will be the largest exporter of green hydrogen in the world. The HOMER Pro program was used to simulate hydrogen production through solar panels distributed over 100 square meters, and the amount of hydrogen produced was measured and compared with other cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Through simulation, it was concluded that the city of NEOM has high potential in the production of green hydrogen, due to several reasons, the most important of which is the amount of solar radiation falling on it, in addition to being close to a source of water for the process of hydrogen separation from water.

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Panayiotou, Gregoris, Soteris Kalogirou, and Savvas Tassou. "Solar Hydrogen Production and Storage Techniques." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineeringe 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212797611003020154.

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Medojevic, Milovan, Jovan Petrovic, Nenad Medic, and Milana Medojevic. "Solar driven technologies for hydrogen production." Tehnika 71, no. 1 (2016): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1601070m.

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Panayiotou, Gregoris, Soteris Kalogirou, and Savvas Tassou. "Solar Hydrogen Production and Storage Techniques." Recent Patents on Mechanical Engineering 3, no. 2 (June 8, 2010): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874477x11003020154.

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Rahman, Mohammad Z., Tomas Edvinsson, and Jorge Gascon. "Hole utilization in solar hydrogen production." Nature Reviews Chemistry 6, no. 4 (February 2, 2022): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41570-022-00366-w.

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Wu, Corinna. "Solar Cell Converts Water into Hydrogen." Science News 153, no. 16 (April 18, 1998): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4010553.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar hydrogen'

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