Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solar hybrid system'
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Shafi, Muhammad Irfan, and Md Maidur Rehman Talukder. "Development of Hybrid Solar System." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13927.
Full textGadkari, Sagar A. "A HYBRID RECONFIGURABLE SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY SYSTEM." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1225821057.
Full textCelik, Ali Naci. "The system performance and sizing of autonomous pholtovoltaic, wind and the hybrid energy systems." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275214.
Full textZhou, Zhipeng (Joe Zoe). "Performance analysis of hybrid liquid desiccant solar cooling system." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40088/1/Zhipeng_Zhou_Thesis.pdf.
Full textSheu, Elysia J. (Elysia Ja-Zeng). "A solar reforming system for use in hybrid solar-fossil fuel power generation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103734.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 229-241).
As demand for energy continues to rise, the concern over the increase in emissions grows, prompting much interest in using renewable energy resources such as solar energy. However, there are numerous issues with using solar energy including intermittency and the need for storage. A potential solution is the concept of hybrid solar-fossil fuel power generation. Previous work has shown that utilizing solar reforming in conventional power cycles has higher performance compared to other integration methods. In this thesis, a two level analysis of a hybrid redox redox cycle is performed. First, a system analysis of a hybrid cycle utilizing steam redox reforming is presented. Important cycle design and operation parameters such as the oxidation temperature and reformer operating pressure are identified and their effect on both the reformer and cycle performance is discussed. Simulation results show that increasing oxidation temperature can improve reformer and cycle efficiency. Also shown is that increasing the amount of reforming water leads to a higher reformer efficiency, but can be detrimental to cycle efficiency depending on how the reforming water is utilized. Next, a system analysis for a CO2 redox reforming hybrid cycle and comparison of cycle and reformer performance between a CO 2 redox reformer and steam redox reformer hybrid cycle are presented. Similar to the steam redox system, results show that increasing the oxidation temperature or the amount of reforming CO2 leads to higher reformer and cycle efficiencies. In addition, the comparison between the CO2 and steam redox reformer hybrid cycles shows that the CO2 cycle has the potential to have better overall performance.Based on the system analysis, a reformer level analysis is also performed. A novel receiver reactor concept for a solar steam redox reformer is presented, and a computational model is developed to assess its performance. The receiver-reactor consists of a dumbbell shape absorber system that has two distinct absorbers. This absorber system setup allows for the switching between reduction and oxidation steps without having to constantly change inlet streams to the reactor and is designed such that the inlet connections do not interfere with the solar window. In addition, at any point in time only one solar absorber is irradiated by the solar energy (during the reduction step). Simulation results show that the receiver-reactor strongly absorbs the solar radiation and most of the radiative heat transfer occurs in the front half of the reactor. Moreover, results show that higher conductivity absorber materials are more suitable for long term reactor operation. A sensitivity analysis is also performed for the solar steam redox reformer with respect to different performance metrics. Important parameters include channel size, inlet temperature, and reformer pressure. Moreover, a strategy for reactor design based on performance as well as integration with the power cycle is discussed.
by Elysia J. Sheu.
Ph. D.
De, Villiers Daniel Johannes. "Hybrid energy harvesting system for a condition monitoring mote." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1067.
Full textTraditional high voltage power transformers feature sensors measuring basic parameters from oil and gas and are limited to on-site monitoring. Unforeseen failures and breakdowns on these transformers have led to extensive financial losses even with planned maintenance schedules in place. A distinct need has arisen to actively monitor and identify causes of such failures. However, no or little infrastructure exists for effective remote condition monitoring. Wireless sensor networks can be introduced to actively monitor and identify causes of such failures. Sensor motes in the network are battery operated and therefore constrained by limited energy in these batteries. An alternative to battery-powered sensor motes is the conversion of available energy harvested from the surrounding environment into useable electrical energy powering the sensor motes. The primary objective of this research was to examine methods to harvest energy from both the environment and high voltage power transformer. A low cost and feasibly sized hybrid energy harvesting power management prototype was successfully developed that enabled sustained sensor mote operation for prolonged condition monitoring of high voltage transformers. The sensor mote utilised a piezoelectric cantilever to generate usable electrical energy from the transformer tank vibration. Together with solar energy harvesting, the system allowed for a battery-less self-sustained wireless sensor mote capable of autonomously monitoring its surroundings. The power management system's modular architecture provided for the inclusion of additional energy harvesting techniques. This allowed condition monitoring solutions not exclusively for power transformers but proposed an extensible condition monitoring solution for various applications.
Rodriguez, Ramon, and Pamplona David Sanchéz. "DYNAMIC MODELING OF HYBRID PV/THERMAL SOLAR SYSTEM FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION." Thesis, University of Gävle, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3580.
Full textZeinaldeen, Laith Akeelaldeen. "Estimating the performance of hybrid (monocrystalline PV - cooling) system using different factors." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1862.
Full textUdayakanthi, Geetha. "Design of a Wind-Solar Hybrid Power Generation System in Sri Lanka." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-179398.
Full textVerma, Darpan. "Hybrid Solar Energy System with integrated Concentration Photovoltaic Cells and Thermoelectric Devices." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553613351859182.
Full textJuserius, Emma, and Filippa Ström. "The Potential of a Solar & Wind Hybrid System in Sri Lanka." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298975.
Full textPrecis som många andra länder strävar Sri Lanka efter att enbart förlita sig på förnybar energi till år 2050 genom att ersätta den fossila produktionen med förnybara källor som sol- och vindkraft. En lösning på problemet är därför att installera hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft. Landets geografiska placering nära ekvatorn gör att solinstrålningen är hög, vilket medför att solceller skulle kunna vara en viktig komponent om Sri Lanka ska uppnå energimålen till 2050 på både ett ekonomiskt och miljövänligt sätt. Denna studie undersöker därför Sri Lankas potential att implementera ett hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det är ekonomiskt och miljömässigt lönsamt att konstruera ett sol- och vind- hybridsystem i ett hushåll i Sri Lanka. Målet är att hitta den optimala dimensioneringen för hybridsystemet som gynnas mest ekonomiskt och är miljömässigt hållbar. Genom att sammanställa en litteraturstudie om hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft kunde en optimering genomföras i syfte att erhålla det bäst dimensionerade hybridsystemet i optimeringsprogrammet HOMER. Data samlades in om kostnader för sol- och vindkraft samt om Sri Lankas dagliga konsumtion av energi i ett genomsnittligt hushåll som HOMER använde för att framställa den optimala dimensioneringen av ett sol- och vind- hybridsystem. De ekonomiska metoderna som användes för att beräkna den ekonomiska lönsamheten var nuvärdesmetoden, återbetalningsmetoden och internräntemetoden, vilka beräknades i HOMER för att komma fram till den optimala dimensioneringen. Resultatet visade att den optimala dimensioneringen utgörs av 5 kW solceller och 1 kW vindkraftverk som utgör en positiv lönsam investering med en återbetalning på 4 år och 10 månader samt ett nuvärde på 27 000 USD och en internränta på 20,6 %. Resultatet visade också en förnybar användning på 48,5 % för ett hushåll. Utöver de ekonomiska modellerna gjordes också en känslighetsanalys som indikerade på att förändring av de undersökta parametrarna inte hade tillräckligt stor inverkan på resultatet för att förändra den optimala dimensioneringen. Slutsatsen kan dras att den optimala dimensioneringen är ekonomiskt lönsam och kommer att gynna Sri Lanka mot målet att ha 100 % förnybar energi till 2050. Men även om resultatet visar på lönsam investering är investeringskostnaderna höga, vilket medför att endast ett fåtal skulle kunna ha råd att investera i hybridsystem bestående av sol- och vindkraft.
Hashim, Hasan. "Full-spectrum solar energy harvesting using nanotechnology-enabled photovoltaic/thermoelectric hybrid system." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/87143/.
Full textShah, Syed Fawad Ali. "Intelligent Algorithms for a Hybrid FuelCell/Photovoltaic Standalone System : Simulation Of Hybrid FuelCell/Photovoltaic Standalone System." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Datateknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-10046.
Full textWeiss, Zachary A. "Analysis and cost optimization of a USCG remote hybrid power system." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FWeiss.pdf.
Full textThesis advisor(s): John Ciezki, Sherif Michael. Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-102). Also available online.
Yeung, King-ho, and 楊景豪. "An optimization model for a solar hybrid water heating and adsorption ice-making system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29632432.
Full textHerrera, Santisbon Eunice. "Production-consumption system coordination by hybrid predictive approaches : application to a solar cooling system for buildings." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SUPL0006/document.
Full textTo guarantee thermal comfort in buildings is directly related to energy consumption. In tropical climates, cooling systems for buildings represent one of the largest energy consumers. Therefore, as energy consumption is a major concern around the world, it is important to improve the systems efficiency or seeking new methods of cooling production. A solar cooling installation based on the absorption cycle is an alternative to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and electricity consumption. In contrast to conventional vapor-compression based cooling systems, the absorption cooling production involves a complex system composed of several components as collector panel, storage tank, cooling tower and absorption chiller. Besides the sizing of the components, this complex system requires control actions to be efficient as a coordination between hot water storage, cooling water production and consumption is necessary. The aim of this research is to propose a management approach for a production-consumption energy system based on Model Predictive Control (MPC). The solar absorption cooling system is seen as part of this production-consumption energy system where the hot water storage system is the producer and the chiller-building system is one of the consumers. In order to provide modularity to the control structure, the coordination between the subsystems is achieved by using a partitioning approach where local predictive controllers are developed for each of the subsystems. The consumer controllers compute a set of energy demand profiles sent to the producer controller which selects the profile that better minimize the global optimization cost. In a first part, the proposed approach is tested on a simplified linear model composed of one producer and several consumers. In a second part, a more complex case is studied. A simplified model of an absorption cooling system is evaluated using the simulation tool TRNSYS. The producer model is no longer linear, instead it is described by a nonlinear hybrid model which increases the complexity of the optimization problem. The simulations results show that the suboptimality induced by the method is low and the control strategy fulfills the objectives and constraints while giving good performances
Jradi, Muhyiddine A. "Theoretical and experimental investigation of an innovative hybrid solar-biomass tri-generation system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.659291.
Full textIlundain, Fermín Aitor, and Ana Surribas. "Feasibility of alternatives to provide energy to a countryside single family house in Lulea." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-10060.
Full textSarban, Singh Ranjit Singh. "A design scheme of energy management, control, optimisation system for hybrid solar-wind and battery energy storages system." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13788.
Full textPaudel, Subodh. "Optimization of hybrid PV/WIND power system for remote telecom station." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3658.
Full textO rápido esgotamento dos recursos fósseis e as preocupações ambientais tem gerado uma consciencialização acrescida sobre as possibilidades de aproveitamento de recursos energéticos renováveis. De entre os vários recursos renováveis, os sistemas híbridos solar/eólicos aparentam resultados promissores no que se refere ao fornecimento fiável de energia, com melhoria da eficiência e redução dos requisitos de armazenagem em sistemas isolados. A presente dissertação apresenta uma nova metodologia para realização da análise de viabilidade de sistemas isolados, a qual inclui a geração artificial de disponibilidade horária de recursos renováveis e a optimização das dimensões da matriz fotovoltaica, da turbina eólica e do painel de baterias para um sistema autónomo híbrido fotovoltaico/eólico (HSWPS). Em qualquer sistema baseado em recursos renováveis, o estudo de viabilidade é considerado como a primeira etapa de análise. Neste trabalho, o estudo de viabilidade é realizado através do modelo híbrido de optimização para as energias renováveis HOMER. A segunda etapa consiste no desenvolvimento de modelos matemáticos para geração de perfis artificiais horários de velocidade do vento, radiação solar e temperatura a partir das médias mensais conhecidas ao longo de um ano. A terceira etapa engloba o desenvolvimento de modelos matemáticos para caracterização do desempenho dos módulos fotovoltaicos, turbina eólica e baterias. Finalmente, a metodologia desenvolvida permite encontrar as configurações ideais para uma determinada carga e para um determinado factor de probabilidade de perda de alimentação (LPSP) a partir de um conjunto de componentes de sistemas com o menor valor da função de custo que é definir, em termos de fiabilidade e de custo de eletricidade nivelado unidade (LUEC). A viabilidade de aplicação desta metodologia foi ensaiada num caso de estudo, composto por um terminal de telecomunicações de pequena abertura (VSAT), por uma estação repetidora e por uma estação transceptora de acesso múltiplo (BTS CDMA 2C10) localizada numa zona remota do Nepal. Os modelos matemáticos foram implementados em ambiente MATLAB e os resultados da simulação foram obtidos quer para a configuração actual quer para a configuração optimizada. Os resultados da simulação mostram que a arquitectura existente, composta por módulos fotovoltaicos KC85T de 6,12 kW, uma turbina eólica H3.1 de 1kW e um banco de baterias de 1600 Ah GFM-800 proporciona cerca de 36,6% de carga não satisfeita durante um ano caracterizando-se esta por potências de 655 W a plena carga e 405 W a meia-carga. Por outro lado, o sistema proposto de configuração optimizada inclui 2 turbinas eólicas de 1 kW H3.1, módulos fotovoltaicos TSM-175DA01 com 8,05 kW e um banco de baterias T-105 de 1125 Ah. Esta configuração apresenta uma fiabilidade de 99,99%, com uma redução significativa dos custos e uma produção energética estável.
The rapid depletion of fossil fuel resources and environmental concerns has given awareness on generation of renewable energy resources. Among the various renewable resources, hybrid solar and wind energy seems to be promising solutions to provide reliable power supply with improved system efficiency and reduced storage requirements for stand-alone applications. This dissertation presents a methodology for carrying the feasibility analysis, for generation of hourly synthetic availability of renewable resources sources (RES) and optimum size of PV array, Wind Power and battery bank for a standalone hybrid Solar/Wind Power system (HSWPS). In any RES based system, the feasibility assessment is considered as the first step analysis. In this work, feasibility analysis is carried through hybrid optimization model for electric renewables (HOMER). Mathematical models to generate hourly synthetic solar, wind and temperature from the monthly average RES of a year were developed. In addition, mathematical models to characterize PV modules, Wind power and battery were created. And finally, the optimal configurations for a given load and a desired loss of power supply probability (LPSP) from a set of systems components with the lowest value of cost function defined in terms of reliability and levelized unit electricity cost (LUCE) was performed. Applying this methodology, a telecommunication load consisting Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT), Repeater station and Code Division Multiple Access Base Transceiver Station(CDMA 2C10 BTS) of a remote station of Nepal is used as a case study for load demand of the hybrid system. The mathematical models were implemented in the MATLAB environment and the simulation results for the existing and the proposed models are compared. The simulation results shows that existing architecture consisting of 6.12 kW KC85T photovoltaic modules, 1kW H3.1 wind turbine and 1600 Ah GFM-800 battery bank have a 36.6% of unmet load during a year with a full and half load demand of 655 W and 405 W. On the other hand, the proposed system includes 1kW *2 H3.1 Wind turbine, 8.05 kW TSM-175DA01 photovoltaic modules and 1125 Ah T-105 battery bank with system reliability of 99.99% with a significant cost reduction as well as reliable energy production.
Abeywardana, Asela Janaka. "Solar - Biomass hybrid system for process heat supply in medium scale hotels in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23794.
Full textBrandsma, Age. "Performance Evaluation for a Solar Assisted Air Conditioning System in Taipei." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-26878.
Full textSILVA, ANNA CAMILA SOUSA E. "NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SIMULATION OF A HYBRID SOLAR/ETHANOL/HYDROGEN OF AN ELECTRICAL GENERATION SYSTEM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32489@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
O presente trabalho trata da implementação de um sistema integrado de fornecimento de energia elétrica a sistemas isolados da rede de distribuição através de célula a combustível, combustível renovável (etanol) e painéis fotovoltaicos. Apresenta como objetivo a construção de um simulador para a otimização do sistema integrado de fornecimento de energia elétrica. O sistema consiste em um reformador de hidrogênio que utiliza etanol para a reforma do hidrogênio, uma célula a combustível do tipo PEM, painéis fotovoltaicos, banco de baterias de chumbo, inversor de corrente, compressor de hidrogênio. O sistema foi dimensionado para atender um consumidor SIGFI 45. A partir da implementação do sistema foram realizados diferentes tipos de ensaios a fim de caracterizar o funcionamento de cada um dos equipamentos separadamente. Conhecendo o funcionamento de cada equipamento foi possível simular o funcionamento deles em diferentes condições de operação. Posteriormente foi implementado um simulador em VBA desse sistema e os resultados obtidos experimentalmente foram comparados com os simulados para a validação desse simulador. Com o simulador validado foi possível simular diversos casos de operação com o intuito de otimizar o funcionamento desse sistema.
This current work deals with the implementation of an integrated electrical power supply system with isolated fuel cell distribution networks: renewable fuel (ethanol) and photovoltaic panels. This thesis presents the objective of constructing a simulator in order to optimize the integrated electrical power supply system. The system consists of a hydrogen reformer that uses ethanol to produce hydrogen, a PEM fuel cell, photovoltaic panels, lead battery bank, current inverter, hydrogen compressor. The system has been sized to meet SIGFI 45 consumer. During the implementation and application of the system, different types of tests were carried out in order to characterize the behavior of each component separately. Knowing the function of each component within the system, it was possible to simulate their behavior in different operating conditions. Later, a VBA simulator of this system was created and then implemented. The results produced by the simulator were compared with those carried out experimentally to validate the accuracy of this simulation. With the validation of the simulator it was possible to simulate several operational cases in order to optimize the function of this system.
Abeywardana, Asela M. A. J. "Solar-Biomass hybrid system for process heat supply in medium scale hotels in Sri Lanka." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189224.
Full textBekele, Getachew. "Study into the Potential and Feasibility of a Standalone Solar-Wind Hybrid Electric Energy Supply System." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11799.
Full textQC 20100623
K, C. Bibek. "Impact of a Hybrid Storage Framework Containing Battery and Supercapacitor on Uncertain Output of Wind and Solar Power Systems." OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2618.
Full textIbrahim, Idowu David. "Development of Smart Parabolic Trough Solar Collector for Water Heating and Hybrid Polymeric Composite Water Storage Tank." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASG049.
Full textIn recent years, various energy sources and methods have been used to heat water in domestic and commercial buildings. The known sources for water heating include electrical energy and solar radiation energy in the urban regions or burning of firewood in the rural areas. Several water heating methods may be used such as electrical heating elements, solar concentrators, flat plate collectors and evacuated tube collectors. This thesis focuses on ways to further improve the system’s performance for water heating through the combined use of solar energy and solar concentrator technique. Furthermore, the study proposed an alternative design method for the hot water storage tank.The solar collector-supporting frame was designed and analysed using Solidworks®. The forces acting on the structural members were simulated to determine the capacity of the frame to sustain the load, and the possible regions on the supporting frame, which could potentially fail while in operation.Energy performance was simulated for five years of operation using Matlab Simulink® software. This simulation was based on the use of three different data. The first is a five-year weather database of the City of Tshwane in South Africa. The second is a hot water consumption profile for a typical household. The third is the cost of additional heating with electricity depending on the time of use. This simulation allowed the validation of the choices of the different elements of the heating system.This study allowed the development of an approach for the design of a solar heating system by optimising the dimensions of the different elements for a typical household and a specific region.In addition, the use of polymeric materials and other materials like polyurethane, salt and aluminium is possible for the development of a hot water storage tank based on their inherent properties.Extending the findings in this thesis will further improve the designs for solar concentrator technologies and solar water heating systems. Therefore, some recommendations and suggestions are highlighted in order to improve the overall system design, analysis and performance
RODRIGUES, ADRIANO DA COSTA. "SIMULATION OF A HYBRID ENERGY GENERATION SYSTEM BASED ON SOLAR ENERGY, ETHANOL REFORMING AND HYDROGEN STORAGE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35601@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Neste trabalho é realizada a simulação de um sistema híbrido de geração de energia para pequenas comunidades, através de um simulador do sistema integrado de fornecimento de energia elétrica para consumidores sem acesso à rede de distribuição de energia elétrica desenvolvido para este fim. O simulador foi desenvolvido em Excel e Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). O sistema inicial consiste basicamente de uma unidade de células a combustível, baterias, um reformador de etanol para produção de hidrogênio, compressor, cilindros de armazenamento e painéis fotovoltaicos. A simulação foi desenvolvida aumentando-se gradativamente a quantidade dos componentes do sistema para atender à demanda de vários consumidores SIGFI45, até o limite do sistema, visando a diminuição do custo total de instalação por kWh para cada consumidor. Posteriormente foram avaliadas as características de cada equipamento (reformador de hidrogênio, célula a combustível do tipo PEM, painéis fotovoltaicos, banco de baterias de chumbo-ácido, inversor de frequência, compressor de hidrogênio) e a ampliação do sistema para atender a mais usuários. Foram analisados diferentes cenários, de acordo com o aumento do número de usuários do sistema e a demanda de energia resultante. Como resultado, a simulação do sistema ampliado atendeu a um maior número de consumidores, satisfazendo a demanda de pequenas comunidades com um custo menor para a produção de energia do que no caso com o sistema inicial.
In this current work it is realized the simulation of a hybrid energy generation system for small communities, through a simulation program of the integrated system of energy supply for offgrid costumers developed for this purpose. The simulator was developed in Excel and Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The starting system consists of a unit of fuel cells, lead-acid batteries, ethanol reformer to produce hydrogen, compressor, storage cylinders and photovoltaic panels. The simulation was developed adding a new component when it was necessary to supply the demand of more than one customer SIGFI45, up to the limit of the system, aiming at reducing the installation cost per kWh for each consumer. Subsequently, the characteristics of each equipment (hydrogen reformer, PEM fuel cell, photovoltaic panels, battery bank, inverter, hydrogen compressor) were evaluated and the system was expanded to supply more users. Different scenarios were analyzed in accordance with the increase in the number of users of the system and the resulting energy demand. As a result, the optimization of the system has supplied a greater number of customers and it can supply energy for small communities with a lower cost for energy production than the original system.
JACQUEMARD, PAUL. "Fluid field analysis on a flexible combustor for a hybrid Solar / Brayton system : A numerical study." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287853.
Full textNya förbättringar av koncentrerade solskålssystem leder till ytterligare fokus på hybridsystem för småskaliga applikationer för elproduktion. Ojämn solstrålning skapar nya krav på förbränningssystem. Detta examensarbete presenterar en CFD-simulering av luftflödet i en ny förbränningsdesign för en kombination av en solfångare med forcerad konvektionskylning och en mikrogasturbin (MGT). Systemet består av en LPP-rörbrännare med radiellt virvelsystem och central pilotbrännare. Studien fokuserar på tryckförlusten vid slaghålsväggen, som används för kylning vid förbränning, och lämplig flödesfördelning mellan reagerande- och förbigående flöde. Värmeöverföring studeras inte på grund av tidsbrist. Ett helt sexkantigt nät med flera zoner i systemet utan bränsleinsprutning har genererats med Ansys ICEM-programvara som använder O-nätfunktioner. En realiserbar k-epsilon-modell används för turbulensmodellering. Flera slaghålsdiametrar studeras för att hitta rätt balans mellan de två strömmarna. Även strömlinjer observeras för att bekräfta placeringen av återcirkulationszoner och kunna rekommendera förbättringar av designen.
Farah, Hamad. "Hybrid solar system for heat and electric demands in a simple housing within Sweden and China." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40596.
Full textEfterfrågan på tillgången till idealisk uppvärmning och effektiva tekniker har alltid varithög. Detta beror främst på utvecklingen inom arkitektur och den kalla naturen i vissaregioner som har lett till en ökad popularitet av värmemarknaden och moderniseradevärmeteknologiert. De nuvarande fjärrvärme-systemen använder kraftvärmeverk förproduktion av kraft och elektricitet. Dessa kraftvärmeanläggningar drivs till stor delgenom biomassa och under vinterperioderna ökar efterfrågan på uppvärmning mycket.Det största problemet med att förlita sig på biomassa enbart är det ständiga behovet avatt bränna avfallsprodukter som inte bara resulterar i att öka efterfrågan på konsumtionav fler avfallsprodukter utan också resulterar i att producera rester (biprodukter) sominte kan brytas ned ytterligare och därmed kan kräva användning av markutrymme fördeponering. solar-moduler å andra sidan har ökat popularitet under de senaste åren.Detta beror främst på deras extremt höga flexibla förmåga att konvertera solbestrålningtill elektrisk och termisk energi. Denna studie kommer att försöka tillhandahålla enomfattande studie av användningen av ett hybridsolsystem som kombinerar en standardPV-modul med en flatplate collector för att simulera en solar-modul samt caselera enfristående version genom att uppskatta energikraven för en enkel bostad i Sverige ochKina. Detta kommer att vara huvudmålet med studien, men möjligheterna att integreradetta hybrida solsystem tillsammans med nuvarande DH-system kommer mestadels attdiskuteras i de första avsnitten för att bevisa möjligheten att utföra ett sådant system. Detteoretiska arbetet som utförs kommer endast att innehålla simuleringar av att bara ha enfristående PV- och flatplate collector module, men att utforma ett hybrid sol- och DHsystemkommer inte att vara huvudfokus för denna studie. Resultaten i slutet avrapporten drog överraskande slutsatsen att den elektriska produktionen för den svenskacaselen var märkbart högre än den för den kinesiska caselen trots att de båda caselernabibehöll samma belastningsvärden och högre solbestrålning för den kinesiska caselen.Detta kan förklaras av skillnaden i modulpriser vid simulering genom PVsyst därinvesteringskostnaden för den svenska PV-modulen (elektrisk komponent) var ungefär3,6 gånger större än den för kinesiska, vilket innebär att PVsyst antar ett störremodulområde för svensk modul och därmed mer energiproduktion. Men när det kom tillvärmeenergiproduktionen, var det möjligt att anta olika samlarfall och följaktligen valdesett område på 7m2 för det svenska perspektivet medan ett område på 4m2 har beaktatsför den kinesiska och värmevärden för användbar energi där jämfördes sedan med dekrav som krävs för uppvärmning i båda fallen. Slutligen drog avhandlingen slutsatsen attdet inte fanns något krav på att ha ett integrerat DH-nätverk i de fristående husen ochdärför kan det vara mer fördelaktigt att ha ett integrerat DH och solsystem i tätarebebyggda bostadsområden.
Shimeles, Surafel. "Thermo-economic Analysis of Retrofitting an Existing Coal-Fired Power Plant with Solar Heat." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-17216.
Full textKriel Power Plant
Reis, Renato Candido. "Análise do efeito da convecção forçada para resfriamento de sistema térmico fotovoltaico /." Ilha Solteira, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192697.
Full textResumo: O presente trabalho consistiu na análise teórica e experimental de um sistema híbrido PVT - fotovoltaico/térmico. Este consiste de um painel fotovoltaico (PV), com sistema de rastreamento, para aproveitar a radiação solar direta e difusa, e de um sistema d e resfriamento por convecção forçada acoplado, permitindo gerar eletricidade e calor em um único processo além de reduzir a temperatura de operação de um painel solar fotovoltaico comercial e, assim, melhorar sua eficiência energética. O módulo PV está instalado na região noroeste do estado de São Paulo. O conjunto experimental possui um sistema de rastreamento solar azimutal de eixo simples; a tensão e a corrente de saída do painel foram medidas para quantificar a potência produzida levando em consideração diferentes condições de operação. Todos os testes foram realizados in loco usando um painel fotovoltaico comercial, sempre levando em consideração as condições meteorológicas do dia. O rastreamento solar aumenta em 45,5% a energia gerada para um dia do mês de junho em relação a um sistema fixo. O painel fotovoltaico com a parte posterior isolada termicamente opera em condições 15 °C a 20 °C mais quente que um painel não isolado, o que implica em perdas energéticas da ordem de 7,6%. O trocador de calor tipo serpentina, com uso de água deionizada, não mostrou desempenho satisfatório ao resfriar o módulo fotovoltaico devido à significativa resistência térmica de contato com a face posterior do módulo. A análise teórica apre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present work consisted of a theoretical and experimental analysis of a hybrid PVT – photovoltaic/thermal system. This system consisted of a photovoltaic (PV) panel with a solar tracking system to take advantage of direct and diffuse solar radiation and a forced convection cooling system. This allows the generation of electricity and useful heat in a single process in addition to reducing the operating temperature of a commercial photovoltaic solar panel and thus improves its energy efficiency. The PV module is installed in the northwest region of the state of São Paulo. The experimental apparatus had a single axis, azimuth solar tracking system; the output voltage and current of the panel were measured to quantify the power produced taking into account different operating conditions. All tests were carried out in loco using a commercial photovoltaic panel, always taking into account the weather conditions of the day. Solar tracking increases the energy generated by one day of the month by 45.5% compared to a fixed system. The temperature of the module with a thermally insulated back sheet was 15° C to 20° C hotter than a non-insulated panel, which implies energy losses of the order of 7.6%. The serpentine type heat exchanger, using deionized water, did not show satisfactory performance when cooling the photovoltaic module due to the significant thermal resistance of contact with the rear face of the module. Theoretical analysis showed errors of less than 10% compared to t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Kretzschmar, Holger. "The Hybrid Pressurized Air Receiver (HPAR) for combined cycle solar thermal power plants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86377.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Concentrating solar power technology is a modern power generation technology in which central receiver systems play a significant role. For this technology a field of heliostats is used to reflect solar irradiation to the receiver located on top of the tower. An extensive review has shown that contemporary receiver designs face geometric complexities, lack of thermal efficiency as well as issues with durability and cost. The purpose of this study is to develop a new receiver concept that can potentially reduce these issues. A parametric analysis was used to identify potential means of improvement based on an energy balance approach including sensitivities involved with convection and radiation heat transfer. Design criteria such as the use of headers to minimize pressure drop was also investigated. Based on these findings the hybrid pressurized air receiver was developed which is a combination of tubular and volumetric receiver technologies. The fundamental idea of the receiver was investigated by simulating the ray-tracing and coupled natural convection and radiation heat transfer. The ray-tracing results have shown that the use of quartz glass is a prospective solution to higher allowable flux densities, but with reflection losses in the order of 7 %. The coupled natural convection heat transfer simulation further revealed that the receiver concept effectively eliminates the escape of buoyant plumes and radiative heat losses are minimized. Empirical data was gathered from a medium flux concentrator and good agreement with the numerical results was obtained. The thesis therefore concludes that the research outcomes were met. Ongoing research aims to optimise the receiver concept for a 5MW pilot plant.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gekonsentreerde sonkrag tegnologie is ’n moderne kragopwekkingstegnologie waar sentrale ontvangersisteme ’n beduidende rol speel. Vir hierdie tegnologie word ’n veld heliostate gebruik om sonstraling na die ontvanger wat aan die bopunt van die toring geleë is te reflekteer. ’n Omvattende hersiening het daarop gewys dat kontemporêre ontwerpe van die ontvangers ’n aantal geometriese kompleksiteite, ’n tekort aan termiese doeltreffendheid sowel as probleme in terme van duursaamheid en koste in die gesig staar. Die doel van die studie is om ’n nuwe ontvangerskonsep te ontwikkel wat moontlik hierdie probleme kan verminder. ’n Parametriese analise is gebruik om potensiële maniere van verbetering aan te dui wat gebaseer is op ’n energiebalans benadering; insluitend sensitiwiteite betrokke by konvektiewe en stralingswarmteoordrag. Ontwerpkriteria soos die gebruik van spruitstukke om drukverliese te minimaliseer is ook ondersoek. Gebaseer op hierdie bevindinge is die hibriede saamgepersde-lug ontvanger ontwikkel. Laasgenoemde is ’n kombinasie van buis- en volumetriese ontvangertegnologie. Die fundamentele idee van die ontvanger is ondersoek deur straalberekening asook die gelyktydige natuurlike konveksie en stralingswarmteoordrag te simuleer. Die straalberekeningsresultate het getoon dat die gebruik van kwarts glas ’n moontlike oplossing is om hoër stralingsintensiteit te bereik, maar met refleksieverliese in die orde van 7 %. Die gelyktydige natuurlike konveksie en stralingswarmteoordrag simulasie het verder aan die lig gebring dat die ontvangerkonsep die ontsnapping
Silinto, Berino Francisco, and Nelso Alberto Bila. "Feasibility Study of Solar-Wind Hybrid Power System for Rural Electrification at the Estatuene Locality in Mozambique." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-178345.
Full textAlayan, Sophia. "Design of a PV-Diesel Hybrid System with Unreliable Grid Connection in Lebanon." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24465.
Full textMahmud, Abdul M. "A post-installation analysis of solar PV-diesel hybrid systems for school electrification in Sabah, Malaysia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/24725.
Full textHossin, Khaled. "Dynamic modelling and thermo-economic optimization of a small-scale hybrid solar/biomass Organic Rankine Cycle power system." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2017. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/36243/.
Full textVieira, Turnell Alice. "Decentralized Secondary Frequency Control in an Optimized Diesel PV Hybrid System." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240405.
Full textI detta examensarbete studeras hur ett dieselbaserat och isolerat elsystem kan optimeras genom att integrera en hög andel solceller (PV) i elproduktionen och att frekvensstabilitet kan förbättras när PV användas i regleringen. En fallstudie har utvecklats under denna forskning för att analysera en ökning av den installerade generationskapacitet vid en ö samt hur detta kan optimeras. I denna studie användas verktyget HOMER för modeloptimering och PowerFactory för att testa den optimerade systemfrekvens stabilitet. Med PV generation kan diesel konsumption, utsläpp och kostnader minskas för hela systemet. En hög andel PV i generationen reducerar elsystemet totala svängmassa vilket kan ledda till avvikelser i systemfrekvensen som kan ursaka att skyddsystem aktiveras. Studien demonstrerar att den momentana systemavvikelsen efter en obalans kan reduceras genom att designa PV i systemet med en allokerad reserv och en decentraliserad och tidsbaserad sekundär frekvensreglering. Frekvensstabiliteten nåddes i olika obalans scenarier med hög andel solcellgeneration och misnkat svängsmassa. Detta tyder på att en hög andel PV integration är både ekonomisk- och tekniskt möjligt i mindre elsystem.
Aydin, Nazli Yonca. "Gis-based Site Selection Approach For Wind And Solar Energy Systems: A Case Study From Western Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610774/index.pdf.
Full textDarbyshire, James. "Multi-function power electronic interface for hybrid mini-grid systems." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2394.
Full textAkhtar, Naeem. "Analysis of Simris Hybrid Energy System Design and Working and Checking the Effects of Using High Capacity Factor Wind Turbine." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-39541.
Full textAlmehmadi, Fahad. "Technology to Address Food Deserts: Hybrid Application of Combined Heat And Power Assisted by Solar Dehumidification for Corner Store Groceries." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1605543916479185.
Full textArruda, Marcelo Ferreira de. "Desempenho tÃcnico-financeiro de sistema hÃbrido eÃlico-solar aplicado ao bombeamento de Ãgua." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14916.
Full textThis work has as main objective the installation and technical - financial evaluation of a hybrid wind - photovoltaic system applied to water pumping . In addition, a sizing methodology is proposed based on renewable sources considering low cost and available potential. The hybrid system was installed in front of the Pici Campus reservoir of the Federal Univers ity of Cearà (UFC) in Fortaleza /CE, Brazil. The hybrid system consists of 01 wind turbine of 1 kW, 04 photovoltaic modules of 87 Wp, a battery bank with 05 units of 150 Ah. The pumping system con sists of a motor - pump 0, 5 cv . Technical analysis was performed by analyzing the data (electric and non - electric) collected by sensors to a supervisory system. The results indicate that the wind resource variation for the site is higher, when compared to the solar resource, and the availability of the potential of both resources are concomitant during the daytime period, a characteristic also observed in the anal yzed period. T he generation system with battery bank, operating in either the hybrid configuration or individual, assured the supply of electricity to the pumping system during operating time . From the indicators of efficiency, it was found that the conver sion units showed divergence between estimated and measured electricity generation, and wind unit which presented greater divergence. The electricity cost of the hybrid system (wind - solar) installed with battery bank is 0.86 R$/kWh. The sizing of the generating system indicated that the hybrid configuration at the site does not fit due to the high solar potential available and the low availability of wind resources in the 1 st trimester of the year . The sizing generation system indicated that th e hybrid configuration has the lowest cost (1.52 R$/kWh) when sizing with the resources of October month . Indicating thus , that when more than one renewable source stands out , the hybrid configuration can be viable alternative
Washika, Tony. "Renewables Based Power generation for Kenya Pipeline Company." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-131315.
Full textI was a distance student and did the presentation online via centra.
Cao, Xueshu. "The design of a highly penetrated hybrid renewable energy system for the Ha'apai Island group." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10740.
Full textMoura, Carlos Henrique Silva. "Sistema híbrido solar-eólico-biogás incluindo produção, armazenamento e uso dinâmico de hidrogênio /." Guaratinguetá, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192430.
Full textResumo: A inserção de fontes alternativas e confiáveis de energia na sociedade brasileira vem ganhando destaque e crescente importância, contudo, ainda é um grande desafio, visto que a sociedade ainda é majoritariamente dependente de combustíveis fósseis. Os impactos ambientais causados por eles são prejudiciais à vida humana e ao meio ambiente, além de confirmar a urgência da aplicação de tais tecnologias em diferentes cenários da sociedade. O hidrogênio, como vetor energético, vem ganhando destaque e aplicações dentro dos mais variados setores da sociedade, principalmente no setor de transporte como combustível. Dado ao exposto, esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a produção de hidrogênio renovável para uso como combustível veicular. A metodologia para a análise técnica consistiu em obter o consumo de energia elétrica para produção do hidrogênio, para assim com base nos recursos solares, eólicos e de biogás de São Paulo (SP), realizar o balanço energético e desta forma dimensionar o sistema híbrido. Baseado nos resultados técnicos, a metodologia econômica permitiu analisar a viabilidade financeira de implementar o sistema híbrido dimensionado permitindo determinar o nível de investimento, o custo da energia elétrica gerada, o custo do hidrogênio gerado e o período de retorno do investimento. A análise ambiental fundamentou-se em determinar a eficiência ecológica considerando os sistemas geradores de eletricidade para o processo de eletrólise da água. Os resultados obtidos most... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The insertion of alternative and reliable sources of energy in Brazilian society has been gaining prominence and growing importance, however, it is still a great challenge, since society is still mostly dependent on fossil fuels. The environmental impacts caused by them are harmful to human life and the environment, in addition to confirming the urgency of the application of such technologies in different scenarios of society. Hydrogen, as an energy vector, has been gaining prominence and applications within the most varied sectors of society, mainly in the transport sector as a fuel. Given the above, this work aims to analyze the production of renewable hydrogen for use as a vehicle fuel. The methodology for the technical analysis consisted of obtaining the consumption of electric energy for the production of hydrogen, so that, based on the solar, wind and biogas resources of São Paulo (SP), carry out the energy balance and thus dimension the hybrid system. Based on the technical results, the economic methodology made it possible to analyze the financial feasibility of implementing the scaled hybrid system allowing to determine the level of investment, the cost of the electricity generated, the cost of the hydrogen generated and the period of return on investment. The environmental analysis was based on determining the ecological efficiency considering the electricity generating systems for the water electrolysis process. The results obtained show that the proposed hybrid sy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Azimoh, Chukwuma Leonard. "Sustainability and development impacts of off-grid electrification in developing countries : An assessment of South Africa's rural electrification program." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-30762.
Full textKliatsko, Aleh. "Scenarios of Wind Power Development Prospects for Belarus by 2020 within a World’s Context." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-53246.
Full textSyftet med magister-arbetet är att bedöma vindkraftverkens utvecklingsmöjligheter och därifrån anta scenarier för vindkraftutvecklingen i Vitryssland till 2020, genom resonemang från de situationer och tendenser som är gemensamma för både nationella och internationella kraftindustrin. I mitt magister-arbete har jag hänvisat till 2000-talets nuvarande problem: att skaffa energisäkerhet i Republiken Vitryssland, minska effekterna av mänsklighetens påverkan på biosfären och minska påverkan på klimatet. Vitryssland kännetecknas av en rad olika utmaningar på miljöområdet. Till exempel är en av de mest akuta problemen Tjernobylkatastrofens efterdyningar som påverkade Vitryssland i mycket stor utsträckning. Min åsikt är att en del av dessa globala problem kan delvis lösas genom att använda alternativa energikällor, särskilt vindkraft-tekniken. Ett sådant specifierat begrepp som förutsägelsen av vindkraftteknikens utveckling i Vitryssland beskrivs i mitt arbete i form av en djup och bred analys av frågor som handlar om vindkraftteknikens utveckling och prognoser: Analysen av läget och utvecklingen av kraftindustrin i sin helhet i Vitryssland och hur man når energi-säkerhet när effekterna av finanskrisen för närvarande läggs till andra negativa faktorer. Det har gjorts speciellt för att göra en sådan precis förutsägelse som möjligt genom att ha analyserat hela raden av sammanhängande problem. Jag fokuserade på prognoser om utvecklingen av vindkraft-teknik innan 2020 eftersom jag vill vara bunden till det grundläggande dokument: ”den nationella strategin för hållbar socialoch ekonomisk utveckling i Vitryssland under en period fram till 2020”. I mitt arbete har jag analyserat en mängd olika möjlighet för att utveckla kraftindustrin i Vitryssland som bygger på principerna för hållbar utveckling. Jag har visat att det går att utveckla förnybara energikällor i Vitryssland, som är både kapabla och lönsamma. Med sikte på att använda sig av vindkraft-tekniken. För de vitryska förhållandena har det föreslagits ett optimalt alternativ för den integrerade strategin för att utveckla vindkraft-tekniken, dvs gemensamt med hjälp av vindkraft-teknik och med andra förnybara och icke förnybara energikällor. På detta sätt har det finns det en allmän åsikt angående vindkraft-teknikens utveckling i Vitryssland, som säger att det inte finns några direkta förutsättningar för denna typ av energi. Därigenom har författaren, innan upptagandet av huvud frågan i arbetet:,utsikterna att utveckla vindkraft teknik i Republiken Vitryssland, gjort en beräkning av världens reserver av bränsle-resurser och kommit fram till följande slutsatser: depåerna av fossila bränslen håller på att ta slut och därmed kommer kostnaderna för utvinning att växa. På grund av det faktum att huvuddelen av utvinningen av bränsle flyttas till extrema regioner så kommer kostnaden för att tillhandahålla energiprodukter växa. Vitryssland måste importera bristfälligt bränsle. Nyligen har priset för ryska energiprodukter för Vitryssland ökat dramatiskt. Jag har också tagit upp frågan om lämpligheten av att bygga ett kärnkraftverk i Vitryssland. Förutsättningarna och konsekvenserna av att använda okonventionella förnybara energikällor bedömning av möjligheterna att utveckla vindkraft tekniken i Vitryssland. Baserat på ovanstående data har det lagts fram två scenarier för utvecklandet av vindkrafttekniken i Vitryssland: Scenario 1 «Ohållbart» och Scenario 2, som jag kallade «Vägen mellan hållbar energi-teknologi».
Ramos, Rafael Eug?nio Moura. "Estudo de um sistema h?brido de destila??o solar para polimento de ?guas produzidas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15830.
Full textThe oil industry, experiencing a great economic and environmental impact, has increasingly invested in researches aiming a more satisfactory treatment of its largest effluent, i.e., produced water. These are mostly discarded at sea, without reuse and after a basic treatment. Such effluent contains a range of organic compounds with high toxicity and are difficult to remove, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, salts, heavy metals, etc.. The main objective of this work was to study the solar distillation of produced water pre-treated to remove salts and other contaminants trough of a hybrid system with a pre-heater. This developed apparatus was called solar system, which consists of a solar heater and a conventional distillation solar still. The first device consisted of a water tank, a solar flat plate collector and a thermal reservoir. The solar distillator is of simple effect, with 1m2 of flat area and 20? of inclination. This dissertation was divided in five steps: measurements in the solar system, i.e. temperatures and distillate flow rate and weather data; modeling and simulation of the system; study of vapor-liquid equilibrium of the synthetic wastewater by the aqueous solution of p-xylene; physical and chemical analyses of samples of the feed, distillate and residue, as well as climatology pertinent variables of Natal-RN. The solar system was tested separately, with the supply water, aqueous NaCl and synthetic oil produced water. Temperature measurements were taken every minute of the thermal reservoir, water tank and distillator (liquid and vapor phases). Data of solar radiation and rainfall were obtained from INPE (National Institute for Space Research). The solar pre-heater demonstrated to be effective for the liquid systems tested. The reservoir fluid had an average temperature of 58?C, which enabled the feed to be pre-heated in the distillator. The temperature profile in the solar distillator showed a similar behavior to daily solar radiation, with temperatures near 70?C. The distillation had an average yield of 2.4 L /day, i.e., an efficiency of 27.2%. Mathematical modeling aided the identification of the most important variables and parameters in the solar system. The study of the vapor-liquid equilibrium from Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysis indicated heteroazeotropia and the vapor phase resulted more concentrated in p-xylene. The physical-chemical analysis of pH, conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), chlorides, cations (including heavy metals) and anions, the effluent distillate showed satisfactory results, which presents a potential for reuse. The climatological study indicates the region of Natal-RN as favorable to the operation of solar systems, but the use of auxiliary heating during periods of higher rainfall and cloud cover is also recommended
A ind?stria do petr?leo, sentindo um grande impacto econ?mico e ambiental, tem investido crescentemente em pesquisas visando a um tratamento mais satisfat?rio de seu maior efluente: as ?guas produzidas em campos de produ??o. Estas s?o, em sua maioria, descartadas no mar, sem aproveitamento, ap?s serem tratadas. Esse tipo de efluente cont?m uma gama de compostos org?nicos de alta toxicidade e dif?cil remo??o, como hidrocarbonetos polic?clicos arom?ticos, al?m de sais, metais pesados etc. O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi estudar a destila??o solar da ?gua de produ??o pr?-tratada para remo??o de sais e contaminantes da mesma a partir do uso de um sistema h?brido com pr?-aquecimento. Este aparato desenvolvido foi denominado de sistema solar, que ? composto por um aquecedor solar convencional e um destilador solar; o primeiro constitui-se de uma caixa d'?gua, uma placa coletora solar plana e um reservat?rio t?rmico; o destilador solar ? de simples efeito, com 1m2 de ?rea ?til e 20? de inclina??o na cobertura. A metodologia consistiu em cinco etapas: experimentos no sistema solar, com medi??o de temperaturas e de destilado obtido e obten??o de dados climatol?gicos; modelagem e simula??o do sistema; estudo de equil?brio l?quido-vapor de um efluente modelo de solu??o aquosa de p-xileno; realiza??o de an?lises f?sico-qu?micas de amostras de alimenta??o, destilado e res?duo; e um estudo climatol?gico da cidade de Natal-RN. O sistema solar foi testado, separadamente, com ?gua de abastecimento, solu??o aquosa sint?tica de NaCl e ?gua produzida de petr?leo. Foram realizadas medi??es de temperatura, a cada minuto, no reservat?rio t?rmico, na caixa d??gua e no destilador (fases l?quida e vapor). Dados de radia??o solar e precipita??o pluviom?trica foram obtidos do INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais). O pr?-aquecimento solar mostrou-se eficiente para os l?quidos testados e o fluido no reservat?rio t?rmico apresentou uma temperatura m?dia de 58 ?C, o que viabilizou a alimenta??o aquecida no destilador. O perfil de temperaturas no destilador solar apresentou comportamento similar ? radia??o solar di?ria, com temperaturas m?ximas pr?ximas a 70 ?C. Esse equipamento teve rendimento m?dio de 2,52 L/d e efici?ncia m?dia de 27,2%. A modelagem matem?tica permitiu identificar as vari?veis e par?metros mais influentes no sistema solar. O estudo do equil?brio l?quido-vapor, a partir de an?lise de TOC, indicou condi??o de heteroazeotropia, com o p-xileno se concentrando na fase vapor. As an?lises f?sico-qu?micas de pH, condutividade, STD, cloretos, c?tions (incluindo metais pesados) e ?nions, do efluente destilado apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios, o que evidencia um potencial de reuso. O estudo climatol?gico indica a cidade ou a regi?o de Natal-RN como favor?vel ? opera??o de sistemas solares, mas o uso de aquecimento auxiliar nos per?odos de maior pluviosidade e nebulosidade ? recomendado
Granqvist, Jessica, and Lily Gao. "The electricity demand andsupply in El Espino : Alternatives for diversification of renewabletechnologies." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254415.
Full textAnvändningen av alternativa bränslen, särskilt förnybara energikällor, har varit en viktig strategi för att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser. I Bolivia kämpar många landsbygdsområden med en opålitlig strömförsörjning. Den vanligaste lösningen för elektricitet i sådana områden är off-grid system, där hybridsystem har blivit en lämplig lösning. I denna studie, optimeras ett hybridsystem beläget i byn El Espino, med ett linjärt programmeringsverktyg; MicroGridsPy. För närvarande drivs byn av ett hybridsystem bestående av solceller, en dieselgenerator och blybatterier för att lagra energin. För att optimera systemet på ett hållbart sätt, utifrån ett ekonomiskt, miljömässigt och socialt perspektiv, studeras två vindturbiner med de nominella kapaciteterna 5 och 10 kW, för att sedan introduceras till hybridsystemet. För att göra detta simuleras områdets solstrålning och vindhastighet med hjälp av en WRF-modell (Weather Research and Forecast). Effekten från vindturbinerna kan då erhållas genom att modellera effektkurvorna, och kan därefter läggas till i optimeringsmodellen. Optimeringen utförs både med och utan vindturbiner för att på så sätt utvärdera deras inverkan på systemet. I optimeringsmodellen fastställs egenskaper hos komponenterna, techno-ekonomiska parametrar, inklusive investeringskostnader och begränsningar såsom förnybar penetration och kostnad för energispill. De erhållna resultaten visade bland annat att vindhastigheten är högre under vintersäsongen, och att effekten är proportionell mot vindhastigheten, oavsett storlek på vindturbin. Vidare har vindturbinen med kapacitet 10 kW visat sig vara den mest lämpade för systemet av de två jämförda. Systemets ekonomiska värden, såsom NPC och LCOE, är högre, ju högre förnybar penetration, men lägre för systemet med vindturbiner. Detta implicerar att vindenergi kan vara till nytta för hybridsystemet, både ur miljösynpunkt och ur en ekonomisk synvinkel. En slutsats som kan dras är att vindturbiner är en passande teknik för landsbygdselektrifiering, och att optimeringsverktyget som användes är känslig mot kostnader. Vidare konstateras att vind- och solenergi kompletterar varandra både säsongsvis och på daglig basis.