Relevant bibliographies by topics / Solar exposure

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Solar exposure'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Solar exposure"

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Turnbull, D. J., and P. W. Schouten. "Utilising polyphenylene oxide for high exposure solar UVA dosimetry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 10 (May 23, 2008): 2759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2759-2008.

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Abstract. A personal UV dosimeter that can quantitatively assess high exposure solar UVA exposures has been developed. The chemical polyphenylene oxide has been previously reported on its ability to measure high UVB exposures. This current research has found that polyphenylene oxide, cast in thin film form, is responsive to both the UVA and UVB parts of the solar spectrum. Further to this, the UVB wavelengths were filtered out with the use of mylar. This combined system responded to the UVA wavelengths only and underwent a change in optical absorbance as a result of UVA exposure. Preliminary results indicate that this UVA dosimeter saturates steadily when exposed to sunlight and can measure exposures of more than 20 MJ/m2 of solar UVA radiation with an uncertainty level of no more than ±5%.
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Turnbull, D. J., and P. W. Schouten. "Utilising polyphenylene oxide for high exposure solar UVA dosimetry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2008): 2129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-2129-2008.

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Abstract. Researchers at the University of Southern Queensland have developed a personal UV dosimeter that can quantitatively assess high exposure solar UVA exposures. The chemical polyphenylene oxide has been previously reported on its ability to measure high UVB exposures. This current research has found that polyphenylene oxide, cast in thin film form, is responsive to both the UVA and UVB parts of the solar spectrum. Further to this, the UVB wavelengths were filtered out with the use of mylar. This combined system responded to the UVA wavelengths only and underwent a change in optical absorbance as a result of UVA exposure. Preliminary results indicate that this UVA dosimeter saturates steadily when exposed to sunlight and can measure exposures of more than 20 MJ/m2 of solar UVA radiation with an uncertainty level of no more than ±5%.
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Jiwani, Aliya Z., and Louis R. Pasquale. "Exfoliation Syndrome and Solar Exposure." International Ophthalmology Clinics 55, no. 4 (2015): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iio.0000000000000092.

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Turnbull, D. J., and A. V. Parisi. "Utilising shade to optimize UV exposure for vitamin D." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 16, 2008): 781–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-781-2008.

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Abstract. Numerous studies have stated that humans need to utilise full sun radiation, at certain times of the day, to assist the body in synthesising the required levels of vitamin D3. The time needed to be spent in the full sun depends on a number of factors, for example, age, skin type, latitude, solar zenith angle. Current Australian guidelines suggest exposure to approximately 1/6 to 1/3 of a minimum erythemal dose (MED), depending on age, would be appropriate to provide adequate vitamin D3 levels. The aim of the study was to determine the exposure times to diffuse solar UV to receive exposures of 1/6 and 1/3 MED for a changing solar zenith angle in order to assess the possible role that diffuse UV (scattered radiation) may play in vitamin D3 effective UV exposures (UVD3). Diffuse and global erythemal UV measurements were conducted at five minute intervals over a twelve month period for a solar zenith angle range of 4° to 80° at a latitude of 27.6° S. For diffuse UV exposures of 1/6 and 1/3 MED, solar zenith angles smaller than 60° and 50° respectively can be utilised for exposure times of less than 10 min. Spectral measurements showed that, for a solar zenith angle of 40°, the UVA (315–400 nm) in the diffuse component of the solar UV is reduced by approximately 62% compared to the UVA in the global UV, whereas UVD3 wavelengths are only reduced by approximately 43%. At certain latitudes, diffuse UV under shade may play an important role in providing the human body with adequate levels of UVD3 (290–330 nm) radiation without experiencing the high levels of damaging UVA observed in full sun.
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Turnbull, D. J., and A. V. Parisi. "Utilising shade to optimize UV exposure for vitamin D." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 11 (June 2, 2008): 2841–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2841-2008.

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Abstract. Numerous studies have stated that humans need to utilise full sun radiation, at certain times of the day, to assist the body in synthesising the required levels of vitamin D3. The time needed to be spent in the full sun depends on a number of factors, for example, age, skin type, latitude, solar zenith angle. Current Australian guidelines suggest exposure to approximately 1/6 to 1/3 of a minimum erythemal dose (MED), depending on age, would be appropriate to provide adequate vitamin D3 levels. The aim of the study was to determine the exposure times to diffuse solar UV to receive exposures of 1/6 and 1/3 MED for a changing solar zenith angle in order to assess the possible role that diffuse UV (scattered radiation) may play in vitamin D3 effective UV exposures (UVD3). Diffuse and global erythemal UV measurements were conducted at five minute intervals over a twelve month period for a solar zenith angle range of 4° to 80° at a latitude of 27.6° S. For a diffuse UV exposure of 1/3 MED, solar zenith angles smaller than approximately 50° can be utilised for exposure times of less than 10 min. Spectral measurements showed that, for a solar zenith angle of 40°, the UVA (315–400 nm) in the diffuse component of the solar UV is reduced by approximately 62% compared to the UVA in the global UV, whereas UVD3 wavelengths are only reduced by approximately 43%. At certain latitudes, diffuse UV under shade may play an important role in providing the human body with adequate levels of UVD3 (290–315 nm) radiation without experiencing the high levels of UVA observed in full sun.
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El-Swify, M. E., and M. Z. Metias. "Performance of double exposure solar still." Renewable Energy 26, no. 4 (August 2002): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-1481(01)00160-4.

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O'Brien, John P. "Vascular Accidents After Actinic (Solar) Exposure." International Journal of Dermatology 26, no. 6 (July 1987): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1987.tb00562.x.

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Diffey, Brian L. "Human exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation." Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 1, no. 3 (October 2002): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1473-2165.2002.00060.x.

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Sayre, R. M., and J. C. Dowdy. "016������Daily non-solar UV exposure." Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 18, no. 2 (April 2002): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0781.2002.180208_16.x.

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Moore, S. W. "Exposure testing of solar absorber surfaces." Solar Energy Materials 16, no. 5 (November 1987): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1633(87)90037-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solar exposure"

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Laungrungthip, Nuchjira. "Sky detection in images for solar exposure prediction." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/855.

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This project describes a technique for segmenting regions of sky in an image from the remainder of the image. This segmentation technique is part of a method for predicting the solar exposure at a location of interest from a set of photographs. Given the latitude and longitude of the position and the direction and field of view of the camera it is possible to calculate the position of the sun in the image at a particular time on a particular day. If that position is in a sky region of the image then the location will be exposed to the sun at that time. Critical to the success of this method for determining solar exposure is the image processing used to separate the sky from the rest of the image. This work is concerned with finding a technique which can do this for images taken under different weather conditions. The general approach to separate the sky from the rest of the image is to use the Canny edge detector and the morphology closing algorithm to find the regions in the image. The brightness and area of each region are then used to determine which regions are sky. The FloodFill algorithm is applied to identify all pixels in each sky region. An extensive empirical study is used to find a set of threshold values for the Canny edge detector, applied to the blue colour channel, which allow successful identification of the sky regions in a wide range of images. Tests using different camera filters show that they do not usefully increase the contrast between the sky and the rest of the image, when a standard compact camera is used. The work reported in this thesis shows that this approach of finding edges to identify possible sky regions works successfully on a wide range of images although there will always be situations, such as when the image is taken directly into the sun, where manual adjustment to the identified regions may be required.
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Weaver, Bess A. "Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure in Outdoor Work Environment at Bowling Green, Ohio." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1211995092.

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Schouten, Peter. "Better characterisation of the underwater solar ultraviolet environment using a high-exposure dosimeter." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2009. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00006248/.

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[Abstract]This dissertation presents the development, testing and application of a chemical film UV dosimeter based on the polymer Poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) prepared especially for long – term high – exposure underwater use. Initial testing of the dosimeter was performed in a water tank within a controlled laboratory environment with an artificial UV source in which various optical and physical properties of the film were rigorously tested such as UV dose and depth response, cosine response, interdosimeter variation, dose rate independence, dark reaction, watermarking effect, exposure additivity and visible and UVA wavelength response. In each of these tests the PPO dosimeter displayed results proving that it could be reliably used in aquatic environments at a level of accuracy only slightly lower than what could be expected for in – air dosimetric measurements. The use of a polyethylene derived neutral density filter (NDF) was then employed with the PPO dosimeter in order to extend exposure time. Results from this investigation showed that the polyethylene NDF could extend the effective life time of the PPO dosimeter by as much as five days in early autumn. Following this the PPO dosimeter was calibrated in the field to the solar erythemal action spectrum in – air and to the solar UVB spectrum in clear water, creek water, sea water and dam water over the duration of a year. In both the in – air and underwater calibrations it was found that the response of the PPO dosimeter lasted over a much greater amount of time when compared to the more commonly used polysulphone dosimeter and also varied with the modulation of the incident solar spectrum brought on by changing SZA and fluctuations in atmospheric column ozone. Additionally, it was discovered that in – air and underwater calibration regimes could not be interchanged and that the PPO dosimeter response underwater is dependent upon water type, but only when transmission spectra differed between two water types by a difference on average of more than 5% across the UVB waveband. As a final test, the PPO dosimeter was deployed over a year to take UVB exposure measurements with the use of a custom built submersible float in three different real – world field environments that included a creek, a sea water tank and a stagnant dam. Exposures could be measured reliably up to a depth of 5 cm in the creek water and the dam water and up to and possibly beyond a depth of 35 cm in the sea water. From the sea water PPO dosimeter measurements a series of attenuation coefficients were estimated for each season. These coefficients showed reasonable agreement when compared to attenuation coefficient calculations made using a calibrated spectrometer in the same sea water, further proving the usefulness of the PPO dosimeter.
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Cobb, Jennifer L. "Validation of a Sun-Exposure Questionnaire for Adolescent Girls." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CobbJL2001.pdf.

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Turnbull, David J. "Development of an improved shade environment for the reduction of personal UV exposure." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2005. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00001519/.

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The research from this project has quantified the solar UV environment beneath and surrounding typical local council public shade structures. The effects of changing seasons, atmospheric conditions, structural modifications and surrounding plant life on diffuse UV have been quantified. Strategies to improve current shade structures, so as to significantly reduce the levels of diffuse UV reaching the human body in the shade, have also been developed. For the shade structures used in this research it was found that ultraviolet protection factors ranged from 1.5 to 18.3 for a decreasing solar zenith angle. Correlations have been found relating diffuse erythemal UV to UV in the shade for clear skies and a changing solar zenith angle. The effect of changing atmospheric ozone levels on diffuse erythemal UV levels has been quantified. UV exposures were assessed for a decrease in scattered UV beneath specific shade structures by the use of two types of protection, namely, side-on polycarbonate sheeting and evergreen vegetation. Broadband radiometric and dosimetric measurements conducted in the shade of a scale model shade structure, during summer and winter, showed significant decreases in exposure of up to 65% for summer and 57% for winter when comparing the use and non-use of polycarbonate sheeting. Measurements conducted in the shade of four shade structures, with various amounts of vegetation blocking different sides, showed that adequate amounts and positioning of vegetation decreased the scattered UV in the shade by up to 89% when compared to the shade structure that had no surrounding vegetation. This research shows that major UV reduction could be achieved by the ‘shade creation and design industry’, and that shade guidelines should be updated as soon as possible.
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Kelbch, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Investigations to quantify individual exposure to solar ultraviolet erythemal radiation including cloud meteorological impact / Alexander Kelbch." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218301309/34.

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Leitão, José Maurício de Moura. "Estudo de materiais poliméricos para a plicação em coletores solares planos." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7650.

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Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-13T15:52:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Maurício de Moura Leitão_.pdf: 2775602 bytes, checksum: b3838f30f897415be8b7b629885f3a15 (MD5)
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Eficiência e economia na produção de energia são fatores-chave no desenvolvimento social e econômico de um país. A energia solar é uma fonte de energia limpa e renovável, utilizada em sua maior parte para o aquecimento de água por meio de coletores solares. Nos últimos 15 anos, os coletores solares planos vêm, devido ao apelo mundial para o uso de materiais mais facilmente recicláveis e ao baixo custo, utilizando cada vez mais materiais poliméricos, substituindo os convencionais. Para analisar quais materiais poliméricos podem ser usados em coletores solares planos, este trabalho realizou um teste de intemperismo acelerado nos materiais polissulfona (PSU), polietileno (PE) e policarbonato (PC). Destacam-se o PSU e o PE. O PSU tem o melhor resultado em relação ao nível de degradação, pois sua cadeia polimérica é composta por anéis aromáticos e fortes ligações de carbono, enxofre e oxigênio dentro da espinha dorsal do polímero. Adicionalmente, foram realizadas análises do infravermelho nos materiais envelhecidos na câmara de intemperismo acelerado pelo método ATR ou refletância total atenuada. Eles apresentaram, na cadeia molecular, pequenas mudanças nos espectros na região do infravermelho à medida que o tempo exposto na câmara de envelhecimento aumentava. Por fim, foi desenvolvida uma simulação numérica de um coletor solar plano na plataforma ESS (Engineering Equation Solver) em que foi simulado o efeito do número de tubos no absorvedor com diferentes materiais e foi simulada uma geometria de tubos de sessão quadrada no absorvedor. A simulação apresentou o melhor resultado com um absorvedor construído com 100 tubos de sessão quadrada de polissulfona, no qual a eficiência teoricamente pode chegar a 81,62%.
Efficiency and economy in energy production are key factors in the social and economic development of a country. Solar energy is a source of clean and renewable energy used for heating water through solar collectors. Over the past 15 years, due to the worldwide appeal for the use of more readily recyclable materials and their low cost, flat solar collectors have increasingly used polymeric materials to replace conventional ones. In order to assess which polymeric materials can be used in flat-plate solar collectors, an accelerated temperature test has been conducted on polysulfone (PSU), polyethylene (PE), and polycarbonate (PC). PSU and EP have stood out. PSU had the best result for degradation because its polymeric chain is composed of aromatic rings and strong bonds of carbon, sulfur and oxygen within the backbone of the polymer. Additionally, infrared analyses have been made of the materials aged in the accelerated temperature chamber according to the ATR method or attenuated total reflectance. They presented small molecular chain changes in the spectra in the infrared region as exposure time in the UV chamber increased. Finally, a numerical simulation of a flat solar collector was developed in the ESS (Engineering Equation Solver) platform in which the effect of the number of tubes in the absorber with different materials was simulated as well a geometry of square session tubes in the absorber. The simulation presented the best result with an absorber built with 100 polysulfone square session tubes, in which efficiency can theoretically reach 81.62%.
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Braun, Gunnar Johannes. "Ermittlung des Wissensstandes über Schutzmaßnahmen gegen solare Exposition in Mitgliedsbetrieben als Grundlage für die präventive Tätigkeit der BG ETEM." Master's thesis, Dresden International University, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-235002.

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In dieser Masterthesis wird erforscht wie der jetzige Kenntnisstand der Sicherheitsfachkräfte zu den Themen solare Exposition, Schutzmaßnahmen und die Akzeptanz der Schutzmaßnahmen durch die Mitarbeiter in den Mitgliedsbetrieben der BG ETEM ist. Diese Themen gewinnen an Bedeutung seit die Berufskrankheit Nummer 5103 in den Anhang 1 der Berufskrankheitenverordnung aufgenommen wurde und die BG ETEM nun für ihre Versicherten auch diesbezüglich präventiv tätig ist. Im Rahmen dieser Masterthesis wurde für die Erforschung des Kenntnisstands ein Fragebogen mit zugehörigem Interviewleitfaden selbst entwickelt. Die anschließenden Befragungen wurden durch den Ersteller in den teilnehmenden Unternehmen persönlich für die Masterthesis vorgenommen. Der Teilnehmerkreis beschränkt sich auf interne Sicherheitsfachkräfte, die in Unternehmen der Branche Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft beschäftigt sind. Erforscht werden neben allgemeinen und betrieblichen Angaben ihr Kenntnisstand zu den Themengebieten Gefährdungsbewusstsein, Gefährdungsbeurteilung, Schutzmaßnahmen und der Informations- und Fortbildungsbedarf. Die Antworten werden mit den eigenen Erwartungen verglichen und Rückschlüsse daraus gezogen. Für die BG ETEM werden die Ergebnisse dieser Masterthesis im Hinblick auf den Präventionsauftrag analysiert. Hierzu werden im Rahmen der Masterthesis auch Vorschläge zu diesen Maßnahmen gemacht. So sollen die Beratungen, Informationsmaterialien und Fortbildungen auf die Präferenzen sowie die vorhandenen Wissenslücken in den Unternehmen zugeschnitten werden, um hier berufsbedingte Neuerkrankungen durch solare Exposition langfristig weitgehend zu verhindern.
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Stojanovic, Bojan. "Lifetime Performance Assessment of Thermal Systems : Studies on Building, Solar and Disctrict Heating Applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10967.

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The main questions today concerning thermal systems are their economical and environmental impacts. These entities are generally, at present, assessed on the basis of operation performances of newly installed/designed systems, during an assumed lifetime period. While this is the common way of perceiving thermal systems, performance-over-time will change as an effect of degradation, and not solely of different operation scenarios. How and to what extent is the question that needs assessing in order to evaluate if these changes will jeopardise the intended system performance requirement, hence service life (SL). The lack of knowledge/approaches and tools for assessing durability and performance-over-time of thermal systems complicates the task of incorporating these aspects in engineering. In turn, this pro-active assessment and analysis is in line with today’s performance based directives, laws and regulations; of which the working life is an essential part. The durability of materials, components and systems is not a topic that is an end in itself, but becomes a vital part in a comprehensive perspective as sustainability. The lifetime performance assessment of thermal systems, as presented in this thesis, shows that it is a vital part of the R&D in the quest of sustainable energy/thermal systems and energy use. This thesis gives knowledge to the thermal (energy) system/technology R&D and engineering sector, regarding durability and lifetime performance assessment methodologies; but also to the durability of construction works sector, regarding the needs for assessing lifetime performance of materials and components in relation to system performance. It also presents descriptions of requirements on construction works. Specifically, the studies presented in the thesis show how durability and lifetime performance assessment of thermal systems may be sought, with knowledge on: methodologies, exposure test set-ups, modelling and the attainment and use of adequate tools. The main focus is on performance-over-time modelling, tying material/component degradation to altered thermal performance, thereby attaining performance-over-time assessment tools to be used in order to incorporate these aspects when engineering thermal systems; hence enabling the forecasting of SL. The presented work was predominantly done in association to the EU project ENDOHOUSING. The project developed a solar-assisted heat pump system solution, with heat storage, to provide the thermal energy to meet space heating, cooling and hot water requirements for domestic houses in different regions of the EU. The project constituted the platform for the work presented in this thesis, thereby outlining the main context with studies on durability and lifetime performance of: flat plate solar collectors ground heat sources/storages and interaction with a heat pump system evaluation of the ENDOHOUSING solar-assisted heat pump system The thesis also presents a study of SL prediction and estimation of district heating distribution networks (an additional thermal system application). In this particular context, the Factor Method is proposed as a methodology. The main issue of lifetime performance of thermal systems is how and to what extent performance reduction in individual materials or components influence the overall system performance, as the essence of energy/thermal system sustainability is system performance.
QC 20100810
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Peters, Cheryl Elizabeth. "Solar ultraviolet radiation and outdoor workers in Canada : a program of research on exposure assessment, sun protection behaviours and prostate cancer risk." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/53793.

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Background: Exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main cause of skin cancer, and emerging evidence shows that it may prevent prostate cancer. Understanding the etiology of skin cancer has been challenged by a lack of detailed exposure assessment instruments, and this influences the ability to study the effect of solar radiation on other, more multi-factorial diseases. Methods: In the first study (Chapters 3 and 4), 78 outdoor workers wore UVR dosimetry badges for five work days, and provided information on skin cancer risk factors and sun protective behaviours. This data was used to investigate levels of exposure and prevention behaviours. The second study (Chapters 2 and 5) developed a job exposure matrix (JEM) based on occupation/industry, time spent outdoors and satellite data on available ambient UVR. The JEM was used to investigate the risk of prostate cancer in outdoor workers using a previously conducted population-based case-control study. Results: Over 300 UVR measurements were taken among seventy-three workers. Exposure was variable; the main predictors of exposure were time spent outdoors and meteorology. Outdoor workers relied more on clothing (hats, shirts) than on shade or sunscreen for protection. Sun protection scores showed that fairer people used more protection. The job sites’ clothing requirements also influenced protective behaviours. Based on the JEM, approximately 1.5 million Canadians (82% male) were exposed to solar UVR at work (for ≥2 hours/day). The largest exposed groups were construction workers, farmers and landscapers. Prostate cancer cases (n=1638) were compared to controls (n=1697) using the UVR satellite data-enhanced JEM and case status from national cancer registries. A statistically significant decrease in risk of prostate cancer was found in the highest exposed workers. Conclusions: Outdoor workers in Canada experience high levels of solar UVR exposure. Sun protection was relatively high and was driven by workplace requirements, which suggests company policies requiring hats and shirts could be an effective prevention strategy. JEMs are a key tool for population-level studies, and the addition of objective measures into the matrix for solar UV radiation was an innovation that showed high, long-term occupational exposure to solar UVR is protective for prostate cancer.
Medicine, Faculty of
Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Solar exposure"

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W, Wilson John. Improved model for solar cosmic ray exposure in manned earth orbital flights. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Five year's outdoor exposure of solar collectors: Renewed performance measurements and determination of the effect on thermal efficiency. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Building Research, 1988.

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W, Wilson John. Simplified model for solar cosmic ray exposure in manned earth orbital flights. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Weyland, Mark D. Analyses of risks associated with radiation exposure from past major solar particle events. Washington, D. C: NASA, 1991.

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Dave, Hill. Summary of solar cell data from the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF): Final report, 21 July 1993 - 19 August 1994. Auburn University, AL: Space Power Institute, 1994.

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Hill, Dave. Summary of solar cell data from the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF): Final report, 21 July 1993 - 19 August 1994. Auburn University, AL: Space Power Institute, 1994.

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Townsend, Lawrence W. Preliminary estimates of radiation exposures for manned interplanetary missions from anomalously large solar flare events. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1988.

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Whittenberger, J. Daniel. Mechanical properties of pure nickel alloys after long term exposures to LiOH and vacuum at 775 K. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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R, Gillis James, and Langley Research Center, eds. Solar exposure of LDEF experiment trays. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1992.

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Thomas, Sampair, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Long Duration Exposure Facility solar illumination data package. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solar exposure"

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Diffey, Brian. "Monitoring Personal Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation." In Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, 187–200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03375-3_14.

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Gomes, Leonardo Mariano, Artur Duarte Loureiro, Guilherme Andriotti Momesso, Mauro Masili, and Liliane Ventura. "Automated Sunglasses Lens Exposure Station and the Preliminary Effects of Solar Exposure." In IFMBE Proceedings, 257–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_46.

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Berwick, Marianne, Claire Pestak, and Nancy Thomas. "Solar Ultraviolet Exposure and Mortality from Skin Tumors." In Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer, 342–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0437-2_19.

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Moan, Johan, Mantas Grigalavicius, Arne Dahlback, Zivile Baturaite, and Asta Juzeniene. "Solar Ultraviolet Exposure and Mortality from Skin Tumors." In Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer, 423–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0437-2_24.

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Shanmugasundaram, K., and B. Janarthanan. "Modeling Thermal Asymmetries in Honeycomb Double Exposure Solar Still." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 579–93. India: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1007-8_53.

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Ebersberger, B., K. Pierz, F. Karg, H. Kausche, U. Schneider, B. Schröder, W. Krühler, and R. Plättner. "Stability of a-Si/Ge:H Device Material to Light and keV-Stress Exposure." In Tenth E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 1079–82. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3622-8_276.

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Knuschke, P., A. Krins, and M. Meurer. "Individual Extent of Solar UV Exposure in Every Day Life." In Fundamentals for the Assessment of Risks from Environmental Radiation, 75–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4585-5_11.

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Berwick, Marianne, and Amy Garcia. "Solar UV Exposure and Mortality from Skin Tumors: An Update." In Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer, 143–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46227-7_7.

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Moise, Aurel F., Simone L. Harrison, and Peter Gies. "Solar UVR Exposure of Infants and Small Children in Townsville, Australia." In Biologic Effects of Light 1998, 267–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5051-8_45.

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Beck, Peter. "Aircraft Crew Radiation Exposure in Aviation Altitudes During Quiet and Solar Storm Periods." In Astrophysics and Space Science Library, 241–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5446-7_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solar exposure"

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Stika, Katherine, Rebecca Smith, Dennis Swartzfager, Donald Huang, Diane Davidson, James Marsh, Robert Agostinelli, John Wyre, Donald Brill, and Roger Senigo. "Glass-encapsulant interface characterization following temperature and humidity exposure." In SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, edited by Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth, and Kevin Lynn. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.860865.

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Reid, Charles G., Jayesh G. Bokria, and Joseph T. Woods. "UV aging and outdoor exposure correlation for EVA PV encapsulants." In SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, edited by Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth, and Kevin W. Lynn. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2028916.

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Moore, S. W. "Exposure Testing of Solar Absorber Surfaces." In 30th Annual Technical Symposium, edited by Sandor Holly and Carl M. Lampert. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.936695.

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Melo Filho, José Bione, Maria Carmen Alonso Garcia, Maria Begoña Asenjo, Pedro Bezerra Carvalho, and Faustino Chenlo. "Characterization of Photovoltaic Modules After 20 Years Outdoor Exposure." In ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.14.12.

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Albarado, Tesia L., William A. Hollerman, David Edwards, Whitney Hubbs, and Charles Semmel. "Electron Exposure Measurements of Candidate Solar Sail Materials." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44207.

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Solar sailing is a unique form of propulsion where a spacecraft gains momentum from incident photons. Since sails are not limited by reaction mass, they provide continual acceleration, reduced only by the lifetime of the lightweight film in the space environment and the distance to the Sun. Practical solar sails can expand the number of possible missions that are difficult by conventional means. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is concentrating research into the utilization of ultra lightweight materials for spacecraft propulsion. Solar sails are generally composed of a highly reflective metallic front layer, a thin polymeric substrate, and occasionally a highly emissive back surface. The Space Environmental Effects Team at MSFC is actively characterizing candidate sails to evaluate the thermo-optical and mechanical properties after exposure to electrons. This paper will discuss the preliminary results of this research.
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Wirth, Jochen, Katrin Scharmach, Karl-Anders Weiss, and Michael Köhl. "Stabilization processes and air mass influences for outdoor exposure of thin film modules." In SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, edited by Louay A. Eldada. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.893698.

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Deline, Chris A., Joseph A. del Cueto, David S. Albin, and Steve R. Rummel. "Metastable electrical characteristics of polycrystalline thin-film photovoltaic modules upon exposure and stabilization." In SPIE Solar Energy + Technology, edited by Neelkanth G. Dhere, John H. Wohlgemuth, and Kevin W. Lynn. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.893813.

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Mariano Gomes, Leonardo M., Liliane Ventura, Mauro Masili, Felipe Marques da Silva, and Guilherme Andriotti Momesso. "Solar exposure of sunglasses: aging test display." In Ophthalmic Technologies XXVIII, edited by Fabrice Manns, Per G. Söderberg, and Arthur Ho. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2288839.

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Kennedy, C. E., K. Terwilliger, and G. J. Jorgensen. "Analysis of Accelerated Exposure Testing of Thin-Glass Mirror Matrix." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76040.

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Concentrating solar power (CSP) companies have deployed thin-glass mirrors produced by wet silver processes on ∼1-mm-thick, relatively lightweight glass. These mirrors have been bonded to metal substrates in commercial installations. Initial hemispherical reflectance is ∼93% to 96%, and the cost is ∼$16.1/m2 to $43.0/m2. These mirrors have the confidence of the CSP industry. However, corrosion was observed in mirror elements of operational solar systems deployed outdoors for 2 years. NREL’s advanced optical materials team was assigned to investigate the problem. First, it was noted that this corrosion is very similar to the corrosion bands and spots observed on small (45 mm × 67 mm) thin-glass mirrors laminated to metal substrates with several different types of adhesives and subjected to accelerated exposure testing (AET) at NREL. These samples exhibited corrosion at the unprotected edges and along cracks, and the choice of adhesive affected the performance of weathered thin-glass mirrors. Secondly, two significant changes in mirror manufacture have occurred in the wet-chemistry process because of environmental concerns. The first is the method of forming a copper-free reflective mirror, and the second is the use of lead-free paints. A test matrix of 84 combinations of sample constructions (mirror type / back protective paint / adhesive / substrate) was devised for AET as a designed experiment to identify the most promising mirrors, paints, and adhesives for use with concentrator designs. Two types of accelerated exposure were used: an Atlas Ci5000 WeatherOmeter (WOM) and a damp-heat chamber. Based on an analysis of variance (ANOVA), the various factors and interactions were modeled. These samples now have almost 24 months of accelerated exposure. Analysis of the thin-glass mirror matrix indicated that the Glaverbel mirror with a copperless formulation demonstrates slightly better performance compared to the Naugatuck standard copper-containing mirror and new copperless constructions although most results are within experimental uncertainty. Analysis of the thin-glass mirror matrix indicates commercial (non-mirror) back-protective paint applied after mirror manufacturing is not beneficial. Degradation of the samples exposed to date in the damp-heat chamber is similar, but at a rate 10 times faster than observed for samples in the WOM. We will discuss the results of the continued exposure testing of these mirror samples. Although glass mirrors with copper back-layers and heavily leaded paints have been considered robust for outdoor use, the new copperless back-layer and lead-free paint systems were designed for interior mirror applications and the outdoor durability must be determined.
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Ekechukwu, O. V., Howard O. Njoku, and Gerald U. Akubue. "Measured Performances of an Augmented [Double-Exposure Absorber-Plate] Single-Slope Solar Still." In ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.05.02.

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Reports on the topic "Solar exposure"

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Levinson, Ronnen, and Hashem Akbari. Effects of composition and exposure on the solar reflectance of Portland cement concrete. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/820773.

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Tirawat, Robert. Accelerated Exposure Testing of Sundog Solar Technologies: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-17-688. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1601585.

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Dickens, Brian, and Eric Byrd. Programs to Estimate UV Dosage and Damage. National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.7500.

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The system of programs described in this paper is concerned with estimating the damage ensuing from exposure of specimens in dry and humid atmospheres to UV and visible radiation covering the solar range. Damage is monitored quantitatively by changes in IR spectra. The dose is estimated from UV spectra of the lamps and the interference filters (used to isolate a particular wavelength range). The dosage is estimated from the dose and the UV absorption of the specimens themselves. These programs allow rapid estimation of dosage and damage from regions of data, and manipulation and processing of the massive amounts of data required to carry out such comprehensive tests in a complete yet user-friendly manner.
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