Journal articles on the topic 'Solar energy Law and legislation'
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1
TYMOSHENKO, Kateryna. "Critical analysis of regulatory and legal support of accounting at green energy enterprises of Ukraine." Naukovi pratsi NDFI 2022, no. 1 (August 25, 2022): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/npndfi2022.01.122.
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In the current state of Ukraine's martial law, the issue of energy autonomy is becoming extremely important, and renewable energy, especially solar, is one of the key tools in achieving this goal. An important role in stimulating the creation of new solar power plants, as well as the most productive activities of existing ones, is played by the proper regulatory and methodological support of accounting at SPP. The current legislative provision of cost accounting and costing of electricity generation do not provide adequate coverage of significant industry specifics, which is the cause of distortion of accounting data and production costs. The expediency of updating the current legislation, which will be aimed at developing guidelines for accounting in this area, which in turn will ensure the unification of approaches to methodology and methods of accounting for solar power plants, promote effective and efficient management of resources of economic entities; reasonable volumes of electricity generation, which will be necessary for optimal profitability of production.
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Song, Dongdong, Haitian Pei, Yuewen Liu, Haiyong Wei, Shengfu Yang, and Shougeng Hu. "Review on Legislative System of Photovoltaic Industry Development in China." Energies 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2022): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010306.
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As one of the world’s largest energy consumers, China is facing the challenge of growing energy demand. Under this background, China is actively implementing the concept of green development and sustainable development route. As inexhaustible green energy, solar energy, has been established as an independent energy type by the Renewable Energy Law and has a broad development prospect. At present, the industrialization level of photovoltaic manufacturing in China is constantly improving, and the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation is constantly improving. However, from the perspective of the system, China’s photovoltaic industry supporting legal system is not perfect. There is a mismatch between the existing laws and industrial development needs, which restricts the future development of photovoltaic power generation in China. The legal environment is crucial to the development of a country’s relevant industries. Only with a good supporting legal system can the development and utilization of solar energy be carried out reasonably and orderly. The PV industry legislation should be adjusted and responded to in a timely manner according to the development situation of the PV industry and the PV market, so as to speed up the introduction of core laws in the PV field, continuously improve the supporting legal system, and effectively play the role of institutional protection of the law.
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Al-Akhmmadi, Saer, and Larysa Shuldan. "KEY PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS INTEGRATION IN THE BUILDINGS OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE." Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 14, no. 2021 (2021): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2020.14.006.
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The problem of photovoltaics integration into the building of architectural heritage is in the zone of compromise between aspects of preservation and long-term use. The quality and success of such energy modernization are based on the principles of preserving and extending the term of the utilitarian use of buildings. It is crucial in this situation to determine the key principles of solar cell integration into buildings that form the historic environment. The constituent values of historic buildings form the basis for their definition. Domestic researchers have previously focused on some issues of "inconsistency" in the domestic monument protection legislation, which occur not only without formal violations of the law but on the contrary, based on its rules. The article continues the research of problems, methods, rules, and limitations of photovoltaic systems integration into the architecture of historical buildings initiated by the authors. The purpose of this article is to consider issues related to the cultural value preservation of the historic buildings in the integration of solar systems, as well as to determine the priorities, value characteristics defined by legislative and regulatory documents of Ukraine, value components of the historic buildings. The purpose is also to measure the value components` interaction and to form the principles of solar cell integration based on it. The basic priority in making decisions on energy modernization, switching to new energy types, and introducing solar generation, is to promote the preservation and long-term operation of cultural heritage buildings. In total, the components form a broader definition of the value of historic buildings and environment, which goes beyond what is defined by law. Decisions on energy measures for cultural heritage buildings require a search for a balance of priorities between different value components. Based on the value components, nine principles of solar cells integration into historic buildings have been formed.
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Lau, Lin-Sea, Yuen-Onn Choong, Suet-Ling Ching, Chooi-Yi Wei, Abdelhak Senadjki, Chee-Keong Choong, and Ai-Na Seow. "Expert insights on Malaysia’s residential solar-energy policies: shortcomings and recommendations." Clean Energy 6, no. 4 (July 22, 2022): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkac043.
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Abstract Malaysia has a long way before achieving the 20% renewable-energy penetration by 2025. Currently, merely 2% of the country’s electricity is generated by renewable energy sources including solar power. Unlike the abundant literature about solar energy, qualitative studies that focus on experts’ opinions on the weaknesses of residential solar-energy policies have received less attention, particularly in the context of Malaysia. Understanding the flaws in the existing policies would lead to creating a better policy framework for solar-energy development. Thus, this study aims to identify the shortcomings of the current government initiatives and policies that deter solar photovoltaic adoption among households from experts’ perspectives. Experts also provide recommendations for better future policy design and implementation. This study employs a qualitative research approach (via semi-structured interviews) in collecting experts’ viewpoints. Key concerns emerging from the interviews include insufficient financial support, lack of awareness programmes and subsidized electricity tariffs. Also, interviewed experts suggest sufficient financial incentives, increased public awareness programmes and comprehensive legislation aimed at safeguarding consumer interests as a means to raising solar-energy adoption in the country. This underlines the need for policymakers to create public awareness, provide financial support and develop regulatory measures aimed at managing solar companies for the sake of solar development in Malaysia.
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Xu, Xiaofeng, Xiangyu Chen, Yi Xu, Tao Wang, and Yifan Zhang. "Improving the Innovative Performance of Renewable Energy Enterprises in China: Effects of Subsidy Policy and Intellectual Property Legislation." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 8169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14138169.
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Energy efficiency and emissions reductions are effective initiatives to address climate change and energy security. China has increased government subsidies and intellectual property protection (IPP) intensity to promote technological innovation in the renewable energy sector. This paper selects samples of geothermal, wind, and solar energy companies and examines whether the two initiatives mentioned above can improve company innovation, and assesses their action pathways. The results reveal that: (i) government subsidies can directly facilitate renewable energy enterprises’ innovative performance, and research and development (R&D) input served as a medium; and (ii) the intensity of IPP moderation needed for geothermal and solar enterprises to utilize the government subsidy to enhance innovation. The government should consider the differences of different sub-sectors of renewable energy when increasing subsidies. Better laws and policies are needed to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and stimulate innovation in renewable energy enterprises.
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Giostra, Simone, Gabriele Masera, and Rafaella Monteiro. "Solar Typologies: A Comparative Analysis of Urban Form and Solar Potential." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 9023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159023.
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Efficient use of energy in the construction sector is a pillar of the European Union’s 2050 climate protection goals, yet legislation makes no explicit reference to urban morphology or building form, which are recognized as key to energy performance in buildings. Rapidly changing energy standards and new requirements for on-site energy production demand a vigorous scrutiny of established urban typologies that are largely the product of an older energy regime. The research explores a set of 312 building shapes with floor-to-area ratio (FAR) of 3 within a given plot to identify emerging trends, ranges, and correlations between geometric variables, visual comfort, and energy indicators. Cases are grouped and evaluated in relation to three main urban typologies to highlight unique features related to each typology. The paper also compares two groups of results related to passive and active solar potential, respectively, to identify formal traits that are specific to each of these two design strategies. Finally, the research ranks design options based on total energy use taking into account the energy need for artificial lighting as well as contributions from both passive energy savings and active energy production. Results show that energy demand across cases varies by a factor 2 for passive strategies and a factor 5 when active potential is considered based on shape alone. Best results are clearly positioned at the two extremes of the geometric and proportional range. On the one hand, low-rise compact bar and courtyard buildings that are perhaps most prevalent in our cities today may be effectively retrofitted to meet active energy targets. On the other hand, extremely tall and slim towers appear to be the only typology in the study with the potential to achieve zero-energy status by virtue of their form alone. The work sheds light on the formal implications of EU energy mandates and offers a glimpse of how buildings may adapt to the combined selective pressures of high on-site energy fraction and low energy use to shape our future cities.
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Iheanetu, Kelachukwu J. "Solar Photovoltaic Power Forecasting: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 17005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142417005.
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The recent global warming effect has brought into focus different solutions for combating climate change. The generation of climate-friendly renewable energy alternatives has been vastly improved and commercialized for power generation. As a result of this industrial revolution, solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have drawn much attention as a power generation source for varying applications, including the main utility-grid power supply. There has been tremendous growth in both on- and off-grid solar PV installations in the last few years. This trend is expected to continue over the next few years as government legislation and awareness campaigns increase to encourage a shift toward using renewable energy alternatives. Despite the numerous advantages of solar PV power generation, the highly variable nature of the sun’s irradiance in different seasons of various geopolitical areas/regions can significantly affect the expected energy yield. This variation directly impacts the profitability or economic viability of the system, and cannot be neglected. To overcome this challenge, various procedures have been applied to forecast the generated solar PV energy. This study provides a comprehensive and systematic review of recent advances in solar PV power forecasting techniques with a focus on data-driven procedures. It critically analyzes recent studies on solar PV power forecasting to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the techniques or models implemented. The clarity provided will form a basis for higher accuracy in future models and applications.
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Coronas, Sergio, Jordi de la Hoz, Àlex Alonso, and Helena Martín. "23 Years of Development of the Solar Power Generation Sector in Spain: A Comprehensive Review of the Period 1998–2020 from a Regulatory Perspective." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041593.
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Spain has become one of the leading countries in the world in promoting electricity generation from renewable energy sources (RES), due to their positive socioeconomic and environmental impacts, through highly favorable regulatory frameworks and public incentives set by Spanish governments mainly during the first decade of 2000s, i.e., Royal Decree (RD) 2818/1998, RD 436/2004 and RD 661/2007. Conversely, the highly favorable regime applicable to RES, and specifically to solar power plants during the 1998–2008 promotion period turned into an extremely unfavorable scenario during the 2008–2020 cost-containment stage, characterized by the dismantling of the previous promotion schemes so as to reduce the skyrocketing electricity system tariff deficit, in which regulations such as RD 1578/2008, Royal Decree Law (RDL) 6/2009, RDL 14/2010, RDL 1/2012, Law 15/2012, RDL 9/2013, Law 24/2013 and RD 413/2014 stood out. Nonetheless, the Spanish renewable sector, and especially the solar power sector, has shown great dynamism in its energy policy in the period 1998–2020. This academic contribution provides a comprehensive review of the energy policy evolution for the whole solar power sector in Spain, specifically both solar photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, over the last 23 years. Thus, considering both the boom in the solar power sector as well as the solar sector’s bust, a survey of the different legislation in force during the 1998–2020 period, as well as of the existing academic literature dealing with this issue, is conducted to first contextualize and describe, and then carefully assess, the last 23 years of solar energy policy in Spain. In brief, the decisive role of the Spanish government in developing the RES sector, and especially the solar power sector, in recent years has been noted. In this vein, a good planning of the energy development model, the regulatory stability, the simplicity and agility of the corresponding administrative process, the appropriate design of support mechanisms, as well as security and predictability of support levels in the mid and long term, play an important role in providing certainty to all the stakeholders. During the 1998–2008 promotion stage, even with a stable, quite favorable and easily predictable RES support mechanism in place, the Spanish solar system behaved as an open-loop system without any control structure detecting and reacting to problematic situations. The fact that the Spanish government was compelled to implement ex-post measures during the period 2008–2020, seriously jeopardizing the viability of the power plants in operation, as well as compromising the legal–economic stability of the renewable energy sector, clearly indicated a malfunctioning of the energy policy control mechanism. In essence, it is hoped that the lessons extracted from this 23-year comprehensive review of the Spanish solar power sector pathway could be quite useful for other countries either in the initial development stage or fully immersed in the promotion of solar power sector or any other renewable technology.
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dos Santos Castilho, Carolina, João Paulo N. Torres, Carlos A. Ferreira Fernandes, and Ricardo A. Marques Lameirinhas. "Study on the Implementation of a Solar Photovoltaic System with Self-Consumption in an Educational Building." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082214.
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In this work, the study of different remuneration schemes for the implementation of a solar energy system on a building was performed. The photovoltaic system was implemented on a public educational building, and four different schemes are compared to understand the economic feasibility of self-consuming solar energy with and without a battery system, versus selling to the electricity grid. The system performance is compared to the building’s needs, and the different consumption and grid-injection shares are analyzed. Three of the schemes are applied according to the conditions and requirements of the Portuguese Law, while the remaining one is not yet allowed, and so the legislation from another chosen country is considered. Lastly, a financial analysis was performed to evaluate and compare the feasibility of each project implementation. The results of this analysis show that both the non-legislated and legislated self-consumption schemes make for an attractive investment, and that savings resulting from the consumption of solar energy are much higher than the revenues from selling to the grid, which presents as the least attractive scheme. Finally, the battery implementation also does not show feasibility because the cost of technology is still too high, despite the reduction witnessed in recent years.
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Schreiber, Markus. "Regulation of Energy Storage Systems in the DACH Countries." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 29, Issue 5 (October 1, 2020): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2020041.
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In the mid – to long-term, energy storage systems may be necessary to balance the stochastic electricity production of renewable energies such as wind and solar. Many different storage solutions are either already technologically mature or on the brink of market introduction. However, regulatory barriers may hinder investments in storage capacity. Energy law in European countries typically defines very specific roles for different market participants, such as producers, grid operators or final customers. Storage systems often do not fit into these categories, or may simultaneously fall under several different rule sets. This raises many legal questions which have yet to be addressed by the courts. Especially problematic is the question of whether storage systems have to pay grid usage fees, which is closely related to their possible classification as final customers and may restrict many potential business models. This article compares the corresponding regulation in the main German-speaking (DACH) countries; Germany, Austria and Switzerland while also taking into account relevant EU legislation. Energy Storage, Renewable Energy, Grid Tariffs, Final Customer, Electricity Internal Market Directive, Unbundling
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Cristea, Ciprian, Maria Cristea, Dan Doru Micu, Andrei Ceclan, Radu-Adrian Tîrnovan, and Florica Mioara Șerban. "Tridimensional Sustainability and Feasibility Assessment of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems Applied for the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710892.
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Nowadays, as the technology behind solar photovoltaic systems has been significantly improved, along with a significant decrease in costs, grid-connected photovoltaic systems are becoming an important option to reach a low-carbon energy transition. The high cost of electricity consumed at the Technical University of Cluj-Napoca represented a good reason for the university to increase its energy efficiency by adopting and increasing energy consumption from renewable energy sources. This paper assesses the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of deploying four photovoltaic systems at the aforementioned university situated in the Northwestern part of Romania, according to the Romanian renewable energy legislation. PVSOL software has been used to estimate the performance of photovoltaic installations. The results indicated that the most viable distributed generation system is the one with a capacity of 100 kW, meeting approximately 23 percent of university electricity needs, and at the same time, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 460 tons. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to evaluate the effect of several critical parameters on the PV system’s economic feasibility. The results provide valuable decision-making information regarding the buildings’ solar potential for other universities, supporting the transition to solar energy.
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GEIßLER, GESA. "STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT — COMPARING THE UNITED STATES AND GERMANY." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 15, no. 02 (June 2013): 1340003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333213400036.
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Germany and the United States are amongst the leading countries regarding installed renewable energy capacity and are steadily adding new facilities. As balancing the strive for a low carbon energy supply with other environmental interests, such as biodiversity conservation, becomes more prevalent with increasing numbers of wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, and hydro-power facilities, the call for a strategic-level consideration of environmental impacts (SEA) becomes louder. The paper compares the practice of SEAs for renewable energy plans, programmes, and policies in terms of discussion of alternatives, consideration of cumulative effects, and public involvement. A case study analysis compares SEAs from Germany and the United States and evaluates their performance.Results indicate large differences between both countries, with Germany performing less well on average. Therefore, a strong need for improvement becomes obvious. A general conclusion is that both countries need to become more open to strategic assessment of environmental impacts from renewable energy policies, strategies, and legislation (policy SEA), in order to allow for meaningful assessment of alternatives and achieve an environmentally sound low carbon future.
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Koval, Viktor, Piotr Olczak, Nataliia Vdovenko, Olena Boiko, Dominika Matuszewska, and Inesa Mikhno. "Ecosystem of Environmentally Sustainable Municipal Infrastructure in the Ukraine." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 10223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810223.
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For the Ukrainian population, there are factors surrounding the choices and preferences one must consider when changing permanent residence. Smart residential areas should be built according to Ukrainian legislation and global innovations, which would reduce administrative dislocations, the load on megalopolises, and negative anthropogenic impacts, and should be based on the increase in energy efficiency and reducing waste. We analyzed the core principles of designing smart residential areas and concluded that constructing cutting-edge residential areas should involve private investments in order to avoid shadow schemes and irrational use of funds (in the Ukraine, the share of the shadow market is more than 50%). Research shows that, as humans inhabit a three-dimensional space, it is possible to predict migration and other permanent residence/behavioral responses, the analysis of which allows controlling migration flows and improves the conditions of Ukraine’s small residential areas based on decarbonization. We conclude that energy saving systems can reduce consumption in a city by 60% and improve Ukraine’s ecosystem. Research also shows that reducing “dislocation”, in terms of population density, by creating open, innovative, eco-friendly environments based on green economy principles, can provide innovative development maps and economic, social, and cultural population growth, decreasing the load on big cities/regional economies, and encourage the restoration of sales markets and production after the COVID-19 pandemic. We developed a model to assess the innovativeness of residential areas, apply alternative methods of energy generation, and analyze the impact of the energy production and consumption market in Europe (with recommendations for the Ukraine). This article estimates energy intensity indicators of the gross domestic product in the Ukraine and in Europe, offering methods to decrease energy dependence and increase energy efficiency in the Ukraine, by adopting alternative energy sources (e.g., biohydrogen out of residues, air, and solar energy), and enhancing environmental legislation.
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Nobre, Paulo, Enio Bueno Pereira, Francinete Francis Lacerda, Marcel Bursztyn, Eduardo Amaral Haddad, and Debora Ley. "Solar smart grid as a path to economic inclusion and adaptation to climate change in the Brazilian Semiarid Northeast." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 11, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-09-2018-0067.
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Purpose This study aims to exploit the abundance of solar energy resources for socioeconomic development in the semi -arid Northeastern Brazil as a potent adaptation tool to global climate change. It points out a set of conjuncture factors that allow us to foresee a new paradigm of sustainable development for the region by transforming the sun’s radiant energy into electricity through distributed photovoltaic generation. The new paradigm, as presented in this essay, has the transformative potential to free the region from past regional development dogma, which was dependent on the scarce water resource, and the marginal and predatory use of its Caatinga Biome. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a pre ante design, following the procedures of scenario building, as an adaptation mechanism to climate change in the sector of energy generation and socioeconomic inclusion. Findings The scenarios of socioeconomic resilience to climate change based on the abundance of solar radiation, rather than the scarcity of water, demonstrates its potential as a global adaptation paradigm to climate change. Research limitations/implications The developments proposed are dependent on federal legislation changes, allowing the small producer to be remunerated by the energy produced. Practical implications The proposed smart grid photovoltaic generation program increases the country's resiliency to the effect of droughts and climate change. Social implications As proposed, the program allows for the reversion of a pattern of long term poverty in semi-arid Northeast Brazil. Originality/value The exploitation of the characteristics of abundance of the semiarid climate, i.e. its very condition of semi-aridity with abundant solar radiation, is itself an advantage factor toward adaption to unforeseen drought events. Extensive previous research has focused on weighting and monitoring drought i.e. the paradigm of scarcity. The interplay between exploiting Northeast Brazil’s abundant factors and climate change adaptation, especially at the small farmer levels constitutes a discovery never before contemplated.
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Mohabat Doost, Danial, Alessandra Buffa, Grazia Brunetta, Stefano Salata, and Guglielmina Mutani. "Mainstreaming Energetic Resilience by Morphological Assessment in Ordinary Land Use Planning. The Case Study of Moncalieri, Turin (Italy)." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2020): 4443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114443.
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Energetic resilience is seen as one of the most prominent fields of investigation in the upcoming years. The increasing efficiency of urban systems depends on the conversion of energetic production of buildings, and therefore, from the capacity of urban systems to be more rational in the use of renewable resources. Nevertheless, the integration of the energetic regulation into the ordinary urban planning documents is far from being reached in most of planning processes. In Italy, mainstreaming energetic resilience in ordinary land use planning appears particularly challenging, even in those Local Administrations that tried to implement the national legislation into Local Building Regulation. In this work, an empirical methodology to provide an overall assessment of the solar production capacity has been applied to selected indicators of urban morphology among the different land use parcel-zones, while implementing a geographic information system-based approach to the city of Moncalieri, Turin (Italy). Results demonstrate that, without exception, the current minimum energy levels required by law are generally much lower than the effective potential solar energy production that each land use parcel-zone could effectively produce. We concluded that local planning processes should update their land use plans to reach environmental sustainability targets, while at the same time the energetic resilience should be mainstreamed in urban planning by an in-depth analysis of the effective morphological constraints. These aspects may also represent a contribution to the international debates on energetic resilience and on the progressive inclusion of energy subjects in the land use planning process.
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Rachkova, Elizaveta, and Iliya Rachkov. "International investment arbitration: decisions 2017–2018 on the merits of the dispute." Meždunarodnoe pravosudie 10, no. 4 (2020): 112–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/2226-2059-2020-4-112-143.
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In the previous article, the author reviewed the decisions of international investment arbitration 2017–2018 on the jurisdiction and admissibility of claims. This article reviews the decisions of these arbitrations for the same period on the merits of the disputes. A special place among these decisions is taken by decisions on claims of foreign investors on violation by the host state of the regime (or standard) of fair and equitable treatment. This is quite natural: violation of this standard is the most common claim. In 2017–2018 in particular, many lawsuits in which such claims were made were related to the generation of electricity from renewable sources, mainly from solar energy. These claims were based on the 1994 Energy Charter Treaty. The article examines, in particular, cases of claims in which investors demanded compensation for damage caused by changes in the legislation of the host countries. The question before the arbitrators was: how strongly does the standard of fair and equitable treatment protect against legislative changes? The article also considers such aspects as: violation by the state of the national regime, the most favored nation regime and the standard of full protection and security of foreign investments; direct and indirect expropriation. The solutions in which the question arose about; the power of the arbitral tribunal to review its own preliminary decisions; the impact of environmental aspects on the behavior of the investor and the state; attempts by a party dissatisfied with the arbitration decision to have the decision annulled or overturned either by an ad hoc committee of ICSID or by national state courts. An analysis of the above decisions will reveal some trends in international investment law, which is important in the context of the fact that there cannot be truly uniform practice in investment arbitration due to the lack of a single source of law and a single dispute resolution body. Thus, only a careful analysis of the practice can tell which practice is well established and which is not.
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Svetskiy, Arseniy Vladimirovich. "Legal Protection of the Marine Environment During the Transportation of Oil Products: International Legal Aspects." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 4 (April 2022): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2022.4.39139.
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The article discusses the risks that arise for the environment during the production and transportation of hydrocarbons. Irreparable damage to the environment is caused as a result of accidents on ships and oil platforms, the consequences of which have been felt for many decades, while the greatest harm is caused by accidents occurring in high latitudes. These include: pollution of the water area following an emergency oil spill, the likelihood of a fire or explosion both on board during transportation and in the port at terminals. Emergency situations may arise as a result of exposure to hard weather conditions, technical malfunctions of the vessel, collision with other vessels, pirate attacks, etc. The article analyzes the provisions of international acts of the greatest interest in the field of protection of the marine environment from hydrocarbon pollution, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982, the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78), the International Convention for the Safety of Human Life at Sea (SOLAS 74/88), "International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code)". Proposals have been formulated to improve international and national regulation regarding the legal protection of the marine environment from oil pollution. Thus, it seems expedient to minimize the risks of emergency situations to think about combining the relevant provisions of all conventions into a single document, while eliminating gaps in both international regulation and national legislation in the field of marine transportation of hydrocarbons, to pay increased attention to environmental safety issues.
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Baeza Moyano, David, Mónica San Juan Fernández, and Roberto Alonso González Lezcano. "Towards a Sustainable Indoor Lighting Design: Effects of Artificial Light on the Emotional State of Adolescents in the Classroom." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 22, 2020): 4263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104263.
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In recent years, articles have been published on the non-visual effects of light, specifically the light emitted by the new luminaires with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and by the screens of televisions, computer equipment, and mobile phones. Professionals from the world of optometry have raised the possibility that the blue part of the visible light from sources that emit artificial light could have pernicious effects on the retina. The aim of this work is to analyze the articles published on this subject, and to use existing information to elucidate the spectral composition and irradiance of new LED luminaires for use in the home and in public spaces such as educational centers, as well as considering the consequences of the light emitted by laptops for teenagers. The results of this research show that the amount of blue light emitted by electronic equipment is lower than that emitted by modern luminaires and thousands of times less than solar irradiance. On the other hand, the latest research warns that these small amounts of light received at night can have pernicious non-visual effects on adolescents. The creation of new LED luminaires for interior lighting, including in educational centers, where the intensity of blue light can be increased without any specific legislation for its control, makes regulatory developments imperative due to the possible repercussions on adolescents with unknown and unpredictable consequences.
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Morrow, Nicholas G. "Federal Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions a Practical Certainty: How Will the Texas Energy Industry Survive-Maybe Thrive?" Texas Wesleyan Law Review 17, no. 2 (January 2011): 237–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v17.i2.6.
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This article asks the policy question: How is the Texas Legislature preparing to protect the Texas energy industry from the federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions? The article begins with an explanation of why federal regulation of greenhouse gas emissions appears to be a practical certainty. In 2007, a 5-4 U.S. Supreme Court majority held the Environmental Protection Agency must regulate greenhouse gas emissions or find some reason rooted in the Clean Air Act why it should not act. This article will explore this decision, as well as the executive order that followed and the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009. This article next discusses the implications of three bills passed into law by the 81st Legislature relating to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology. House Bill 1796 provides for a carbon dioxide repository in subsurface geologic formations off the coast of Texas. House Bill 469 provides for the creation of clean energy projects, in which coal plants sequester carbon dioxide into geologic formations for permanent storage. Senate Bill 1387 establishes a regulatory framework for the implementation of CCS technology in Texas. Finally, this article analyzes three bills relating to renewable energy that failed to be enacted. These bills serve as a foundation-and possibly an indication- of legislative initiatives to come in the following sessions. House Bill 1243 would have allowed customers of retail electric providers to sell back to the grid surplus energy generated from renewable energy sources. Senate Bill 541 would have updated renewable energy source goals and modified the Texas Renewable Energy Credit trading program. Senate Bill 545 would have provided incentives for investment in solar energy generation, as well as reduced the initial costs of implementation
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Chumachenko, I. Ye. "EVOLUTION OF SOLAR ENERGY LEGISLATION IN UKRAINE." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 11 (2021): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2021-11/89.
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Yu, Hui Fang, Md Hasanuzzaman, Nasrudin Abd Rahim, Norridah Amin, and Noriah Nor Adzman. "Global Challenges and Prospects of Photovoltaic Materials Disposal and Recycling: A Comprehensive Review." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 8567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148567.
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The considerable amount of waste PV modules expected to emerge from recent widespread of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is a cause of concern, especially in sustainability terms. Currently, most end-of-life (EoL) PV modules are either disposed of in landfills or bulk recycled in existing recycling facilities. Although these approaches are easier in execution as less efforts are directed at sustainable management of these modules, they can potentially cause environmental issues including loss of valuable resources and leakage of toxic materials. Hence, high-value closed-loop recycling is much preferred for its environmental merits, although its implementation brings forward challenges that this paper attempts to shed light on. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the EoL management of PV modules, concentrating on the challenges faced in PV recycling. Additionally, PV waste-related regulatory frameworks implemented in different countries are discussed. Recommendations to improve the EoL management of PV modules and trade-offs arising from conflicting solutions are proposed. To establish a sustainable PV waste management framework, legislations promoting the extended producer responsibility (EPR) principle, presence of suitable infrastructure, research and development (R&D) and cooperation of various governmental and private bodies are highly needed.
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Занковский, Сергей, and Sergey Zankovskiy. "Energy Legislation in the General System of Business Law." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 8 (August 8, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20910.
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The article considers the problems of energy legislation in the context of improving the legislation on entrepreneurship. In the judgment of the author the construction of the energy legislation is a possibility provided it is of a centrifugal nature with the general principles making the basis for such acts attempted to solve the outstanding problems. One of such principles which is to be legislatively enacted could be the principle of import substitution adopted to do away with dependence on foreign-made goods. The role of energy law can only be understood provided we have the relevant contemporary system of laws. This can be possibly achieved from the doctrinal point of view. The author analyses legal business regulation existing in the pre revolutionary and soviet period. It helps to understand better what is to borrowed from the experience of the past to be used to regulate said relationships. The author calls for necessity to issue the Code of Laws of the Russian Federation as the first step to make legislation systematized. The next step to be taken could be the adoption of comprehensive legal acts, say, Energy Code which could eventually make so-called legislation blocks. The latter could , in turn, serve the basis for so-called central legislative act to regulate business law.
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Formolli, Matteo, Gabriele Lobaccaro, and Jouri Kanters. "Solar Energy in the Nordic Built Environment: Challenges, Opportunities and Barriers." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 8410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248410.
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Within the framework Solar Heating and Cooling Programme of the International Energy Agency Task 51 “Solar Energy in Urban Planning”, case studies from Norway, Sweden, and Denmark were collected and analyzed through a comparative approach. The cases were first classified based on their urban characterization (existing and new urban areas) and then compared within the same country or in a cross-country perspective according to three areas of interest (i.e., Scale and planning process, Legislation and planning process, Targets and goals). The comparisons follow a common template of five sections describing the role of the involved stakeholders and highlighting challenges, barriers, and opportunities for the deployment of active solar systems and passive solar strategies. Both technical and non-technical aspects are considered. Among the technical aspects, the focus is on the adoption of solar energy strategies (e.g., solar accessibility, daylighting), the estimation of solar potential and energy generation. Regarding the non-technical aspects, the focus is on identifying barriers and challenges for the adoption of solar systems in relation to national and local legislation. The findings show that municipalities can have a crucial role in facilitating the adoption of solar energy solutions in cities by embracing ambitious visions and storytelling, as well as being directly financially involved as owners or subsidizing bodies. The findings also demonstrate the value of the use of indicators to evaluate the performance of masterplans, the combination of analogue and digital tools in the design process, and the performance of solar simulations from early stages to foster awareness among the involved stakeholders. Despite these positives, the Scandinavian legislation on solar energy utilization in the urban context still displays fragilities, making the creation of guidelines a pressing need.
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Panchenko, Volodymyr, Yurii Harust, Yana Us, Olena Korobets, and Vladyslav Pavlyk. "Energy-Efficient Innovations: Marketing, Management and Law Supporting." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 1 (2020): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2020.1-21.
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This paper summarises the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of promotion energy-efficient innovations by marketing, management and law supporting. The innovative development is considered to be an essential condition to provide a high level of social and economic development. Thus, energy-efficient innovations are considered to be among the most critical drivers of qualitative economic growth and increasing the country’s competitiveness in the world market. Systematisation literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of promoting energy-efficient innovations indicated that government and scientists give the powerful punch in energy-efficient development. In view of this, it is appropriate to do the bibliometric research on publication activity on energy-efficient innovation from law aspect. The primary purpose of the study is to analyse the structure and dynamic of scientific publications in the field of energy-efficient legislation in the economic subject areas. The object of study is the chosen publications indexed in the Scopus database by keywords such as: «energy-efficient innovations», «energy law», «environmental legislation», «energy-efficient policy» in the category «title, abstract, keywords». The current study involved data from 1913 papers published on 13 languages in the subject area «Business. Management and Accounting» and «Economics, Econometrics, and Finance» from 2000 to 2019. Using VOSviewer, bibliometric analysis of publications on the issue of energy-efficient legislation was conducted from the view of the publication activity dynamic, considering the most impact articles, and countries in the issues of energy-efficient legislation researches. According to the obtained results, the increasing dynamic of publication activity from 2000 to 2019 was detected. Furthermore, it was visualised four clusters of countries’ collaborations by co-authorship as follows: 1) between the USA, the EU countries (including the United Kingdom) and China; 2) the EU countries, as well as South American such as Brazil and Chile; 3) African countries and the EU countries; 4) between Asian and African countries. Furthermore, the authors highlighted the most influencing articles in the field of energy-efficient innovations that could be the basis for future investigations promoting innovative activity in the field of energy-efficient development. Keywords bibliometric analysis, energy-efficient innovations, environmental legislation, energy policy, Scopus, VOSviewer.
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Fee, Derek A. "Energy Efficiency Legislation in the European Community." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 1, no. 2 (June 1992): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.1992.tb00027.x.
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Hall, R. A. B. "EC Environmental Legislation and Energy from Waste." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 1, no. 2 (June 1992): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.1992.tb00034.x.
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Dolezal, Adam G., Jacob Torres, and Matthew E. O’Neal. "Can Solar Energy Fuel Pollinator Conservation?" Environmental Entomology 50, no. 4 (June 3, 2021): 757–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab041.
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Abstract As the expansion of solar power spreads through much of the United States, members of the solar industry are working to change how solar energy facilities are designed and presented to the public. This includes the addition of habitat to conserve pollinators. We highlight and discuss ongoing efforts to couple solar energy production with pollinator conservation, noting recent legal definitions of these practices. We summarize key studies from the field of ecology, bee conservation, and our experience working with members of the solar industry (e.g., contribution to legislation defining solar pollinator habitat). Several recently published studies that employed similar practices to those proposed for solar developments reveal features that should be replicated and encouraged by the industry. These results suggest the addition of native, perennial flowering vegetation will promote wild bee conservation and more sustainable honey beekeeping. Going forward, there is a need for oversight and future research to avoid the misapplication of this promising but as of yet untested practice of coupling solar energy production with pollinator-friendly habitat. We conclude with best practices for the implementation of these additions to realize conservation and agricultural benefits.
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Boubekri, Mohamed. "Solar Access Legislation—A Historical Perspective of New York City and Tokyo." Planning & Environmental Law 57, no. 5 (May 2005): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15480755.2005.10394275.
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Vanhove, Simon. "Locality in EU Energy Law." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 29, Issue 6 (December 1, 2020): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2020046.
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This article identifies ‘locality’ as an overarching concept in EU energy law. This has two consequences. First, it highlights the need for coherent law-making on EU level, specifically by avoiding multiplication of similar-but-not-identical concepts. Second, I argue locality can be considered a specific expression of subsidiarity. To support these claims, this article takes Belgium as a case study for diverse interpretations of this locality concept in Member State law. This is done by an analysis of both regional legislation and the regulator’s decision practice. Furthermore, I revisit theory on the EU constitutional principle of subsidiarity. Finally, a counter-example is offered: the second generation of network codes and guidelines will increasingly impact ‘local’ aspects of the electricity markets. In conclusion, locality serves a double theoretical role: it offers a descriptive classification for EU energy law and provides a substantive hermeneutic tool for subsidiarity assessments. EU energy law, Clean Energy Package, subsidiarity, locality, proximity, single market, integration, harmonization, network codes and guidelines
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Winter, Carl-Jochen. "Solar hydrogen energy trade." Energy Policy 19, no. 5 (June 1991): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(91)90027-l.
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Sen, S., A. Mangalam, and R. Ramesh. "Energy distribution of solar flare events." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S340 (February 2018): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318001084.
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AbstractThe coronal field typically reorganizes itself to attain a force-free field configuration. We have evaluated the power law index of the energy distribution f(E) = f0E−α by using a model of relaxation incorporating different profile functions of winding number distribution f(w) based on braided topologies. We study the radio signatures that occur in the solar corona using the radio data obtained from the Gauribidanur Radio Observatory (IIA) and extract the power law index by using the Statistic-sensitive nonlinear iterative peak clipping (SNIP) algorithm. We see that the power law index obtained from the model is in good agreement with the calculated value from the radio data observation.
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Gaupp, Dirk. "Turkey's New Law on Renewable Energy Sources within the Context of the Accession Negotiations with the EU." German Law Journal 8, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200005666.
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This article introduces Turkey's Law on Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources for the Purpose of Generating Electrical Energy (hereinafter “Law”) which, almost unnoticed abroad, was adopted on 18 May 2005. It provides an overview of the general provisions of the Law, as well as other supporting legislation regarding renewable energy sources (“RES”). However, the legislation on bio-fuel will not be taken into account.
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Skodvin, Tora. "“Pivotal politics” in US energy and climate legislation." Energy Policy 38, no. 8 (August 2010): 4214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.050.
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Pardo, Miguel Ángel, Héctor Fernández, and Antonio Jodar-Abellan. "Converting a Water Pressurized Network in a Small Town into a Solar Power Water System." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13154013.
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The efficient management of water and energy is one challenge for managers of water pressurized systems. In a scheme with high pressure on the environment, solar power appears as an opportunity for nonrenewable energy expenditure reduction and emissions elimination. In Spain, new legislation that eliminates old taxes associated with solar energy production, a drop in the cost of solar photovoltaic modules, and higher values of irradiance has converted solar powered water systems into one of the trendiest topics in the water industry. One alternative to store energy (compulsory in standalone photovoltaic systems) when managing pressurized urban water networks is the use of head tanks (tanks accumulate water during the day and release it at night). This work intends to compare the pressurized network running as a standalone system and a hybrid solution that incorporates solar energy supply and electricity grids. The indicator used for finding the best choice is the net present value for the solar power water system lifespan. This study analyzed the possibility of transferring the energy surplus obtained at midday to the electricity grid, a circumstance introduced in the Spanish legislation since April 2019. We developed a real case study in a small town in the Alicante Province, whose findings provide planning policymakers with very useful information in this case and similar case studies
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Vasarevičius, Dominykas. "THE ANALYSIS OF THE USAGE AND PERSPECTIVES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN LITHUANIA / ATSINAUJINANČIŲ ŠALTINIŲ PANAUDOJIMO IR PERSPEKTYVŲ LIETUVOJE ANALIZĖ." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, no. 1 (August 22, 2011): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.015.
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The paper presents the current situation with the renewable energy sources in Lithuania. An overview of legislation promoting the production and usage of renewable energy in Lithuania is presented. Renewable energy production methods suitable for Lithuanian conditions, their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. It is shown that there is no any promotion from the state for usage of solar energy in private households. The potential of solar energy usage is determined. In order to show the effectiveness of solar thermal energy utilization under similar climatic conditions presented the example of promotion policy model and its results in Poland.
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Shuldan, Larysa, and Saer Al-Akhmmadi. "Photovoltaic Systems Integration Rules and Restrictions in the Historic Buildings Architecture." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022119.
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Abstract Solar photovoltaic systems integration into historic buildings can change significantly the expenses and energy consumption balance in the most energy-unfavourable urban planning segment. A major challenge of renewable energy sources integration is historic buildings value and aesthetics preservation, subject to present legislation compliance and legacy preservation policies. This publication evaluates the solar photovoltaic systems integration in the scope of finding consistency between legal and aesthetic restrictions.
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CHEKULAEV, Sergey, Julia KARPOVA, and Artem DRACHEV. "А Comparative Analysis of Russian and Chinese Energy Supply Legislation." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 7 (November 18, 2019): 2284. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.7(37).11.
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The interaction and cooperation of Russia and China in this area requires the identification and analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of legal regulation of relations in the field of energy supply. The legal construction of an energy supply contract is regulated by the Civil Code of Russia and the Law of China ‘On Contracts’ for the contractual regulation of relations in the supply of electrical and (or) thermal energy to consumers through an attached network. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the development of contractual relations in energy supply by using the Russian doctrine and the regulatory documents of Russia and China as materials. The subject of study is the doctrine (theoretical studies) of Russian legal specialists in the field of energy supply contracts; current legislation and regulations of Russia and China regulating relations in the studied area. The results of this study can be used to improve Russian legal acts regulating the relations in the field of energy supply. The study contains practical recommendations for the participants in civil legal relations, courts and other law enforcement agencies (for example, energy commissions, anti-monopoly authorities) in dealing with cases related to energy supply.
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Rochette, Gustavo. "Is the French Nuclear Strategy Lawful Under EU Law? Article 194(2) TFEU and Its Limitations." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 29, Issue 6 (December 1, 2020): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2020047.
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The Fukushima Daishii nuclear disaster lead countries to change their nuclear approaches changed drastically. Although being a traditionally pronuclear country, France followed this tendency by approving a strategy to reduce its nuclear portfolio. Under European law this development is permitted by the right to right to determine its own energy mix include in Article 194(2) of the Treaty of Functioning of the European Union. However, other European legislation that may influence this decision was not considered. This legislation may limit this right and the policy by itself. This article tries to show how, although possible due to the right to determine its own energy mix, the French nuclear strategy may be unlawful under the EU law, namely the European Atomic Energy Community Treaty and the primary and secondary legislation regarding Security of Energy Supply. Nuclear Energy, French Nuclear sector, European Union, Energy mix, TFEU, Euratom, Energy Security, European Energy policy
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Öztürk, H. Hüseyin. "Second Law Analysis for Solar Cookers." International Journal of Green Energy 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2004): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ge-120038754.
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Sadowski, Józef. "The critical infrastructure protection. Legislation." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 1242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.260.
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The content outline: in accordance with law, the Polish critical infrastructure constitutes 11 sectors, vital for national security and public safety persistence. Two of the sectors (energy sector and transportation systems sector), are elements of the European Critical Infrastructure, and due to Poland’s EU and NATO membership, are subject to particular protection. The paper describes general principles of Polish critical infrastructure safety law acts and critical infrastructure sectors. Later in this paper, 4 alert states (THREATCON), and their impact on the critical infrastructure safety and protection were presented. The purpose and the program content of the National Critical Infrastructure Protection Programme and the National Infrastructure Protection Plan were described.
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Vizureanu, Petrica, Cornel Samoila, and Daniel Cotfas. "MATERIALS PROCESSING USING SOLAR ENERGY." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 8, no. 2 (2009): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2009.043.
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BOGONENKO, V. "PRINCIPLES FOR CARRYING OUT ACTIVITIES ON THE USE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY." Vestnik of Polotsk State University Part D Economic and legal sciences 62, no. 12 (November 14, 2022): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1632-2022-62-12-103-107.
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On the example of the legislation of the Republic of Belarus, the main principles (principles) of the implementation of activities on the use of atomic energy are considered. The norms of domestic legislation and the provisions of international acts in the field of carrying out activities on the use of atomic energy are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on national legislation on the use of atomic energy, on environmental protection, and on industrial and radiation safety. The legal characteristics of individual institutions of nuclear law are given. The foreign legal experience related to the activity on the use of atomic energy is considered. References are made to IAEA materials. The practice of international legal regulation of relations on the use of atomic energy and nuclear activity in general is touched upon. During the study, formal-logical, private law methods, as well as a comparative legal method were used. Conclusions are drawn regarding the topic of the study.
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Sulaiman, Sulaiman, and Ade Arif Firmansyah. "The Reconstruction of Energy Management Law Based on Indonesia Legal System." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 12, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v12no1.1146.
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Two things become an important part of studies in Indonesian law related to energy management. The first, related to the management of natural resources. Second, the energy sector is also related to other sectors, that is forestry, water resources, marine and fisheries, agriculture and plantations, as well as land. Ideally, all of the energy management law must reflect the state ideology, as natural resources energy must be managed for the greater prosperity of the people. Energy should not be administered arbitrarily because, in addition to the utilization, the existence of natural resources should not be separated from the philosophical orientation of Indonesian legislation, Pancasila, and The 1945 Constitution. However, the reality of energy legislation indicates of the authority competes between sectors and alignments to society which is not optimal. It is due to the legal nature of the energy sector which is liberal and still-exploitation oriented and pro-capitalist. By using a socio-legal approach, this paper describes the reconstruction of law-oriented to the Indonesian legal system in energy management based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution as the foundation and soul of the energy sector law. Keywords: Reconstruction of Law, Energy Management, the Indonesian Legal System.
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Said, S. A. M., and S. M. Zubair. "On Second-Law Efficiency of Solar Collectors." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 115, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930020.
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Shulga, Ievgenii, Volodymyr Kurylo, Inna Gyrenko, and Serhii Savych. "Legal Regulation of Energy Safety in Ukraine and the European Union: Problems and Perspective." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2019): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p439.
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Nowadays in Ukraine there is no single view on understanding of the strategy of development of energy safety, which profoundly and negatively affected the general state of national safety of the country. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of legal security of energy safety in Ukraine, check it for compliance with its obligations under the Association Agreement with the EU and other EU acts that proclaim the standards in the field of energy safety. This paper refers to the experience of the EU energy safety legislation. Furthemore, this study provides analysis of Ukrainian legislation in this field, draws attention to the existing conflicts and gaps, emphasizing the need to optimize legislation of Ukraine's energy safety according to the EU standards. Keywords: energy safety, energy law, the EU energy safety, energy safety of Ukraine, legislation of energy safety, adaptation of Ukrainian energy legislation to the EU standards.
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Ignateva, Inna A. "Renewable energy in agriculture: specifics and issues of legal regulation." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 6 (2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520020476-4.
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The article examines the legal regulation of the use of renewable energy sources in agriculture. It has been established, that the specificity of legal regulation consists in the application of measures of support from the state for the development of both renewable energy and agriculture. At the same time, both areas of activity are jointly considered in international documents within the framework of the concept of sustainable development. The commonality of development tasks necessitates the formation of a legal institution, in which the norms of agrarian and energy legislation will be coordinated and interconnected
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Vasiliu, A., Otilia Nedelcu, I. C. Sălişteanu, and O. Magdun. "Modern Concepts of Energy-Efficient Civil and Residential Buildings. Case Study: Analysis of a Residential Building According to Nzeb Criteria." Scientific Bulletin of Electrical Engineering Faculty 21, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbeef-2021-0009.
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Abstract The oil crisis, the measures taken because of global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, the ecological actions carried out globally and the technical progress in the fields of electronics, energy, IT and telecommunications have led to the emergence Passive House concepts in the construction sector, of Passive Solar Building (passive construction based on solar energy), of Net Zero-Energy Building NZEB, of Plus Energy Building, of nearly Zero Energy Building nZEB, of Low-Energy Building, of Green House, of Zero Carbon House, of Smart House, of Healthy buildings and other equivalents or derivatives. In this paper, these concepts will be cross-debated and the measures adopted at EU level and the influences exerted on the Romanian legislation on the field of civil and residential constructions will be presented. Based on a case study, a residential construction will be characterized, representative of the current housing stock, in order to assess the degree of compliance with the minimum requirements of a house with low energy consumption, imposed by Romanian legislation in the field.
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Bilotsky, S. "LEGAL REGULATION OF EU COOPERATION WITH NORWAY IN THE FIELD OF NATURAL GAS SUPPLY." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 138 (2019): 124–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2018.138.0.124-134.
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The article examines the international legal aspect of the EU's cooperation with Norway regarding the supply of natural gas. It was investigated that this cooperation is regulated by legal acts related to different legal order. These are: 1. Bilateral and multilateral international treaties concluded by the EU and the member states with Norway; 2. Agreements concluded by the EU with Norway; 3. Acts of EU law and joint bodies with the participation of the EU and Norway; 4. Norwegian legislation and EU member states; 5. Private gas contracts concluded between the legal entities of Norway and the EU member states. The key in this sense is the Norwegian legislation, the obligations of the parties under the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA) and the rules of secondary and primary law of the EU. As part of its commitment to the SES, Norway has adopted most of the EU primary energy law rules for energy in 1994, but Norway's renewal of legislation in line with the further liberalization of the European energy market is slow. So far, Norway has only included in its legislation the norms from the acts of the Second EU energy package (2003), but the latest trends in the EU energy law - from the Third Energy Package (2009) - have not yet been implemented.
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Chaturvedi, Sushil K., Taj O. Mohieldin, and D. T. Chen. "Second-law analysis of solar-assisted heat pumps." Energy 16, no. 6 (June 1991): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(91)90045-n.
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Shulga, Ievgenii, Nataliia Shynkaruk, Stanislav Shytyi, and Ievgen Antypov. "The Role of Energy Directives in Ensuring EU Energy Security and the Problems of Implementation in Ukrainian Legislation." Journal of Policy & Governance 02, no. 01 (June 15, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/jpg020101.
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This article attempts to analyze the role of energy directives in ensuring energy security of the European Union, as well as the analysis of the current state of their implementation in the legislation of Ukraine in accordance with the Treaty establishing the Energy Community and the Association Agreement with the EU. The development of legal security of energy sphere in the EU from the Treaty of Paris on the European Coal and Steel Community to the fourth energy package, which allowed to provide the development of competition among producers and suppliers of energy resources, to provide equal access to the energy distribution and gas-distribution networks, to liberalize the energy sector and energy resources, to increase the use of green energy, to reduce emissions into the atmosphere, and to raise the level of energy security in Ukraine. In this article, authors have used the systematic approach and legal method analysis of the implementation process of EU Energy Directives in the Ukrainian legislation, in particular the Law "On Natural Gas Market", the Law "On Electricity Market", the Law "On Energy Efficiency", the Law "On Energy Land and Legal Regime of Special Zones of Energy Facilities", and the Energy Strategy of Ukraine till 2035 "Security, Energy Efficiency, Competitiveness".