Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solar cell'
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1
Tan, Bertha. "Nanorod solar cell." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42160.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 68-70).
The crude oil supply crisis the world is facing today along with the disastrous global warming caused primarily as a result the green house gases, has heightened the need for an eco-friendly and renewable energy technology. Solar cells, with their ability to convert the free and gigantic energy supply of the sun into electricity, are one such attractive choice. In this thesis, a study of the use of new technologies for enhanced solar cell performance based on conversion efficiency is carried out by first understanding the mechanism of selected major solar cell types, followed by an analysis of external or internal factors that affect their performance. One new technology under investigation to boost solar cell efficiency is the introduction of nanorod/wire structures into existing designs. This report discusses this approach in detail, highlighting beneficial characteristics offered and also looking into the structure realization through advanced nanostructure processing techniques. Finally, having a complete technology background at hand, various potential markets for new solar cell technologies are examined.
by Bertha Tan.
M.Eng.
2
Gruber, Malte. "Solar Cell Simulator." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200619.
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Sengil, Nevsan. "Solar cell concentrator system." Thesis, Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22111.
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Hammarlund, Tomas, Jesper Sundin, and Johan Kövamees. "Solar Cell Powered Boat." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326109.
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The objective of this project is to find out experimentally and through theoretical calculations and applications whether a cargo ship can be operated by means of solar cells. The project deals with the amount of research and applications already available in this area today and which areas could be developed and improved in future research. A radio-controlled miniature ship was purchased and modified to conduct tests on with solar cells. The data collected from these tests and the researched data were then analyzed to make calculations on real sized ships. A system was designed together with the miniature ship motors, the solar cells and an Arduino to carry out these tests. The miniature ship’s solar cells contributed with about 30% of the total power. The two theoretical ships had a lower percentage of about 4% and 8% respectively at maximum throttle. An economical calculations where both a hybrid cargo ship and an fully electrical ship concluded that it’s expensive but there is a profit in build each over the course of 20 years.
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Whyburn, Gordon Patrick. "A simple organic solar cell." Pomona College, 2007. http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/stc,21.
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Finding renewable sources of energy is becoming an increasingly important component of scientific research. Greater competition for existing sources of energy has strained the world’s supply and demand balance and has increased the prices of traditional sources of energy such as oil, coal, and natural gas. The experiment discussed in this paper is designed to identify and build an inexpensive and simple method for creating an effective organic solar cell.
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Nagata, Shinobu. "ELECTROSPUN POLYMER-FIBER SOLAR CELL." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2566.
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A study of fabricating the first electrospun polymer-fiber solar cell with MEHPPV is presented. Motivation for the work and a brief history of solar cell is given. Limiting factors to improvement of polymer solar cell efficiency are illustrated. Electrospinning is introduced as a technique that may increase polymer solar cell efficiency, and a list of advantages in the technique applied to solar cell is discussed. Results of electrospun polymer-fiber solar cell, absorption, and its device parameter diagnosis through an equivalent circuit analysis are presented.
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Falsgraf, Erika S. "Biologically-Derived Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Cleaner Alternative for Solar Energy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/61.
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This project employs the biological compounds hemin, melanin, and retinoic acid as photoactive dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These dyes are environmentally and economically superior to the standard ruthenium-based dyes currently used in DSSCs because they are nontoxic and widely available. Characterization by linear sweep voltammetry yielded averaged maximum overall conversion efficiency values of 0.059% for retinoic acid, 0.023% for melanin, and 0.015% for hemin. Absorption spectra of hemin and retinoic acid suggest that they would complement each other well when used in tandem in one cell because hemin has a secondary maximum absorption peak at 613nm and retinoic acid has maximum absorption at 352nm. Cells made with hemin or melanin performed better with the use of lower temperatures to seal the cells, and hemin cells performed exceptionally well with exclusion of the sealing procedure. These biologically-derived cells have the potential to advance the development of inexpensive and safer solar energy sources, which promise to serve as clean energy sources in the near future.
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Schumacher, Jürgen Otto. "Numerical simulation of silicon solar cells with novel cell structures." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9170598.
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Saj, Damian, and Izabela Saj. "Nanowire-based InP solar cell materials." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19455.
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In this project, a new type of InP solar cell was investigated. The main idea is that light is converted to electrical current in p-i-n photodiodes formed in thin InP semiconductor nanowires epitaxially grown on an InP substrate. Two different types of samples were investigated. In the first sample type (series C03), the substrate was used as a common p-type electrode, whereas a short p-segment was included in all nanowires for the second sample type (B07). Current – voltage (I-V) characteristics with and without illumination were measured, as well as spectrally resolved photocurrents with and without bias. The main conclusion is that the p-i-n devices showed good rectifying behavior with an onset in photocurrent that agrees with the corresponding energy band gap of InP. An interesting observation was that in series B07 (with included p-segments) the photocurrent was determined by the band gap of hexagonal Wurtzite crystal structure, whereas series C03 (without p-segments) displayed a photocurrent dominated by the InP substrate which has a Zincblende crystal structure. We found that the overall short-circuit current was ten as large for the latter sample, stressing the importance of the substrate as a source of photocurrent.
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Rosenberg, Glenn Alan 1960. "Monolithic series connected solar cell array." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276950.
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Single crystal silicon solar cells for use under high concentration sunlight presently exhibit the highest conversion efficiencies. The following paper represents further work done to improve the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells through improved design. Design features and processing to address the loss mechanisms encountered in silicon solar cells are discussed. An improved solar cell structure has resulted from this work along with a practical processing sequence. Experiments were performed to show the practicality of pattern formation on the walls of the V-groove structures using conventional photolithography and masking techniques. Also, new beam processing techniques are discussed to improve processing.
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Yasin, Tursunjan. "Transparent Antennas for Solar Cell Integration." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1762.
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Transparent patch antennas are microstrip patch antennas that have a certain level of optical transparency. Highly transparent patch antennas are potentially suitable for integration with solar panels of small satellites, which are becoming increasingly important in space exploration. Traditional patch antennas employed on small satellites compete with solar cells for surface area. However, a transparent patch antenna can be placed directly on top of solar cells and resolve the issue of competing for limited surface real estate. For such an integration, a high optical transparency of the patch antenna is required from the solar cells' point of view. On the other hand, the antenna should possess at least acceptable radiation properties at the same time. This dissertation focuses on some of the most important concerns from the perspective of small satellite applications. For example, an optimization method to simultaneously improve both optical transparency and radiation efficiency of the antenna is studied. Active integrated antenna design method is extended to meshed patch applications in an attempt to improve the overall power efficiency of the front end communication subsystem. As is well known, circular polarization is immune from Faraday rotation effect in the ionosphere and thus can avoid a 3-dB loss in geo-satellite communication. Therefore, this research also aims to present design methods for circularly polarized meshed patch antennas. Moreover, a meshed patch antenna capable of supporting a high communication data rate is investigated. Lastly, other types of transparent patch antennas are also analyzed and compared to meshed patches. In summary, many properties of transparent patch antennas are examined in order to meet different design requirements.
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Al, ghzaiwat Mutaz. "Fabrication and study of solar cell modules based on silicon nanowire based radial junction solar cells." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX101/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous avons utilisé un réacteur de dépôt chimique en phase vapeur assisté par plasma (PECVD) à basse température afin de fabriquer des minimodules à base de cellules solaires à jonction radiale (RJ SiNWs) sur des substrats de verre de 5x5 cm² en employant la gravure laser pour la mise en série des cellules.Nous avons utilisé une couche de 600 nm d’épaisseur de dioxyde d’étain dopée au fluor (FTO) déposée sur du verre sodocalcique (SLG). La couche de FTO sert à la fois de contact arrière pour le module et de source de catalyseur Sn une fois la couche de FTO réduite par un plasma de H2. Ensuite, on fait croître des SiNW dopés p par le procédé Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) assisté par plasma, suivi d’un dépôt d’une couche de Si intrinsèque a-Si:H et d’une couche de Si dopée n µc-SiOx:H, afin d’obtenir une cellule solaire à jonction radiale PIN. Nous avons obtenu une efficacité énergétique de 6.3 % avec une surface active de 0.126 cm². C’est à notre connaissance l’efficacité la plus élevée obtenue en utilisant une couche de FTO comme source de catalyseur Sn.La gravure laser a été utilisée pour retirer localement des couches minces dans l’objectif de fabriquer des minimodules solaires. Grâce à la gravure laser, une connexion monolithique en série entre les cellules solaires à jonction radiale adjacentes a pu être accomplie. Dans cette thèse, la gravure laser a servi à retirer localement la couche de FTO ainsi que les RJ SiNWs, étapes appelées respectivement P1 et P2. On dépose ensuite une couche transparente d’oxyde d’indium-étain (ITO), servant de contact avant, par pulvérisation cathodique (étape P3), et on procède à la séparation en bandes par la technique « lift-off ». Nous avons mené une étude détaillée de l’étape P2 de gravure obtenue par un laser vert (532 nm) et IR (1064nm). La puissance du laser a un impact direct sur l’ablation des RJ SiNWs, et peut aussi endommager le contact arrière de la cellule. Nous avons déterminé que le laser vert entraîne une fonte partielle de matériau sur les bords de la zone gravée, contrairement au laser IR qui produit des gravures de meilleure qualité. La cartographie Raman des zones gravées permet une analyse des matériaux dans la zone étudiée, et a donné des indications sur la composition des résidus laissés par les impulsions laser. Nous avons démontré que l’utilisation du laser IR pour l’étape P2 de gravure est préférable. Elle permet d’avoir des connexions en série de haute qualité entre les cellules.Enfin, le mini-module optimisé de 10 cm² à base de RJ SiNWs a atteint un rendement de conversion énergétique de 4.37 % avec une puissance générée de 44 mW, grâce à l’amélioration de l’étape P2 et de l’impression par jet d’encre d’une grille dense d’Ag. À notre connaissance, cette puissance générée est la plus élevée rapportée pour des modules solaires à base de cellules à jonction radialeIn this thesis, we have used a low-temperature plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) reactor to fabricate Si nanowire radial junction solar mini-modules on 5x5 cm2 glass substrates with the assistance of the laser scribing technique for the series connection of the cells.We have used fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) deposited on soda-lime glass substrates (SLG) as a back contact as well as the source of the Sn catalyst which was formed by a direct reduction of FTO using a H2 plasma. Subsequently, p-type SiNWs were grown using plasma-assisted vapor liquid solid (VLS) process, followed by the deposition of intrinsic a-Si:H and n-type µc-SiOx:H layers to achieve pin radial junction solar cells. We have obtained an energy conversion efficiency of 6.3 % with an active area of solar cells of 0.126 cm2, which is to our knowledge, the highest efficiency obtained based on FTO layers as a source of Sn catalyst.Laser scribing was used to perform a selective removal of thin-film materials in order to fabricate minimodules. With laser scribing, a monolithic series connection between adjacent RJ SiNW solar cells on the same glass substrate was achieved. In particular, the laser scribing system has been used to perform selective removal of FTO thin-film and RJ SiNWs, which are commonly known as step P1 and P2, respectively, and to perform a final scribe to isolate the active region from the rest of the substrate. The transparent top ITO contact was sputtered and cell stripes were defined using the lift-off technique (step P3).We have carried out a detailed study of the P2 laser scribe obtained with either green (532 nm) or IR (1064 nm) laser setups. The power of the laser has to be controlled as it has a direct impact on the removal of SiNW RJs and it can damage the underneath FTO contact. We have found that the scribing using a green laser produces a partial melting outside the scribed spots, unlike the IR laser which provides a cleaner scribing and less crystallized material at the edges of scribed spots. Mapping of the scribed spots using Raman spectroscopy allowed analyzing the material composition within the scanned area inside the craters left by the laser pulses. We have demonstrated that the use of the IR laser is preferable for P2 scribing because it can provide a high-quality series connection between cells.Finally, the optimized 10 cm2 SiNW RJ mini-module has reached an energy conversion efficiency of 4.37 % with power generation of 44 mW, thanks to the improved P2 laser scribing and the dense Ag grid printed using the ink-jet method. This performance represents, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported power generation for silicon nanowire-based solar modules on glass substrates
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Yu, Lihong, and 于利红. "Electron transfer study for selected dye sensitized solar cell and polymer solar cell by time-resolved spectroscopy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206455.
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The pure organic dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were studied and a new organic dye of donor-π-2acceptors (D-π-2A configuration) was fabricated. This dye, denoted as B2, was investigated and applied in DSSCs. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to examine the electronic distribution of the frontier orbitals of the B2 dye. It was found that intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) between the donor moieties and acceptor moieties of the B2 dye may take place under photo irradiation. The LUMO, LUMO+1 and LUMO+2 of B2 are all distributed on the acceptor moieties and this is very helpful to enhance the intramolecular electron transfer from the donor moieties to the acceptor moieties, which will consequently promote the chance of electron injection into the semiconductor. DSSCs based on B2 demonstrated an power conversion efficiency of 3.62 %. This efficiency value is approximately half of the power conversion efficiency of DSSCs based on N719 (7.69 %) under the same conditions. Femtosecond transient absorption and nanosecond transient absorption (TA), and time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) technique were applied to examine the electron transfer processes occurring on the surface of B2/TiO2. B2 dye has life time of the excited states three orders in magnitude shorter than that of N719. The electron injection time from excited B2 to TiO2 is also three orders in magnitude shorter than that from excited N719 to TiO2. It was revealed that the delocalized electrons of π → π* transition for both the B2 dye and the N719 dye could be further guided into the semiconductor, while such injection processes may not happen for the localized electrons in π → π* transition of these dyes.
The nanosecond transient absorption and transient emission spectroscopy of the ruthenium bipyridyl sensitizer N719 in different solvents were studied. Three kinds of ZnO nanoparticles were utilized to study the electron transfer process taking place on the interface of N719/ZnO with and without electrolyte by Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) technique, TA and transient emission spectroscopy. Isopropanol was found to stabilize the singlet excited state of N719 and a related emission band centered at 460 nm was observed in nanosecond time scale. It was revealed that the electrolyte has a significant impact upon the electron transfer dynamics on the N719/ZnO interface. In the absence of electrolyte, the electron transfer process on the N719/ZnO interface is dependent upon the depth of defects in ZnO nanoparticles. Conversely, in the presence of electrolyte, the impact of ZnO defects upon the electron transfer process is eliminated and the effective electron injection happens from the excited states of N719 to ZnO, in spite of the ZnO particle sizes.
The polymer based solar cells were studied and a polymer incorporated with a pyrenylcarbazole pendant was synthesized and applied in the functionalization of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by noncovalent π-π interaction. The polymer/MWCNT hybrids were isolated and examined. The strong interaction between the polymer and MWCNT in a 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TCE) solution was investigated. The emission spectra demonstrated an effective quenching of emission from the polymer by the MWCNT. DFT calculations showed an electron delocalization phenomenon between the pyrene and carbazole moieties. The LUMO of the polymer is mainly located on the pyrene moiety while the LUMO+1 of the polymer is predominantly positioned on the carbazole moiety. The electronic transition of LUMO+1→LUMO results in intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the carbazole moieties to the pyrene moieties. Femtosecond TA determined the characteristic TA feature of the excited states, which are contributed from both the pyrene and carbazole moieties. The excited state lifetime of the polymer was calculated to be 659 ps and the photo excited electrons can inject into the MWCNT very fast on a time scale of 420 fs.published_or_final_version
Chemistry
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Anil, Kumar R. "Measurement Of Solar Cell AC Parameters Using Impedance Spectroscopy." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/203.
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Photovoltaic (PV) conversion of solar energy appears to be one of the most promising ways of meeting the increasing future energy demand. In space, photovoltaic power source is the only alternative. The demand for higher power has necessitated the use of high speed switching charge controller and power conditioner. To design an efficient and reliable switching charge controller, the static (I-V) and dynamic (AC) characteristics of a solar cell need to be understood.
The AC parameters of a solar cell can be measured either by Frequency Domain technique or by Time Domain technique. In frequency domain technique, a small signal is applied about the operating point and the AC parameters are measured. Hence, in the frequency domain technique the steady state values of AC parameters at a particular operating condition are measured. In time domain technique, a transient measurement is made where the cell voltage varies from short-circuit to open circuit or vice versa. Hence, this technique gives only the time constant of a solar cell.
The impedance spectroscopy is a frequency domain technique widely used in electro chemistry to study battery characteristics. In the present investigation, the impedance spectroscopy is proposed for measuring the AC parameters of solar cells. An experimental set-up has been developed to measure the solar cell AC parameters.
The AC parameters of Silicon (BSR and BSFR) solar cells and GaAs/Ge solar cells are measured using impedance spectroscopy (IS). The cell capacitance, the parallel resistance and the series resistance are measured and compared. GaAs/Ge solar cell has shown only transition Capacitance throughout its operating range while silicon (BSR and BSFR) solar cells exhibited both transition and diffusion capacitances. Theoretical and experimental values of the cell parallel resistance are compared and are in good agreement. While the diode factor in silicon solar cell varies from 2 to 1, where as in GaAs/Ge solar cell it varies from 4 to 2 to 1. Measurements conducted using open circuit voltage buildup (time domain technique) on silicon BSR solar cell shows that the collected data can be used for the restricted purpose of measuring cell transient response. The dime domain technique could not estimate the solar cell.
It may be noted that the impedance spectroscopy assumes piece-wise linearity of the solar cell characteristics, lending itself for easy measurement and modeling. This assumption is valid as the signal amplitude is less than thermal voltage (VT). Since, the parameters are measured under steady state, the values are more stable and accurate.
An attempt has also been made to correlate the measured AC parameters with the requirements of switching charge controllers. These correlations can be used to design the switching controllers for device rating, circuit stability and other aspects.
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Anil, Kumar R. "Measurement Of Solar Cell AC Parameters Using Impedance Spectroscopy." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/203.
Full textAbstract:
Photovoltaic (PV) conversion of solar energy appears to be one of the most promising ways of meeting the increasing future energy demand. In space, photovoltaic power source is the only alternative. The demand for higher power has necessitated the use of high speed switching charge controller and power conditioner. To design an efficient and reliable switching charge controller, the static (I-V) and dynamic (AC) characteristics of a solar cell need to be understood.
The AC parameters of a solar cell can be measured either by Frequency Domain technique or by Time Domain technique. In frequency domain technique, a small signal is applied about the operating point and the AC parameters are measured. Hence, in the frequency domain technique the steady state values of AC parameters at a particular operating condition are measured. In time domain technique, a transient measurement is made where the cell voltage varies from short-circuit to open circuit or vice versa. Hence, this technique gives only the time constant of a solar cell.
The impedance spectroscopy is a frequency domain technique widely used in electro chemistry to study battery characteristics. In the present investigation, the impedance spectroscopy is proposed for measuring the AC parameters of solar cells. An experimental set-up has been developed to measure the solar cell AC parameters.
The AC parameters of Silicon (BSR and BSFR) solar cells and GaAs/Ge solar cells are measured using impedance spectroscopy (IS). The cell capacitance, the parallel resistance and the series resistance are measured and compared. GaAs/Ge solar cell has shown only transition Capacitance throughout its operating range while silicon (BSR and BSFR) solar cells exhibited both transition and diffusion capacitances. Theoretical and experimental values of the cell parallel resistance are compared and are in good agreement. While the diode factor in silicon solar cell varies from 2 to 1, where as in GaAs/Ge solar cell it varies from 4 to 2 to 1. Measurements conducted using open circuit voltage buildup (time domain technique) on silicon BSR solar cell shows that the collected data can be used for the restricted purpose of measuring cell transient response. The dime domain technique could not estimate the solar cell.
It may be noted that the impedance spectroscopy assumes piece-wise linearity of the solar cell characteristics, lending itself for easy measurement and modeling. This assumption is valid as the signal amplitude is less than thermal voltage (VT). Since, the parameters are measured under steady state, the values are more stable and accurate.
An attempt has also been made to correlate the measured AC parameters with the requirements of switching charge controllers. These correlations can be used to design the switching controllers for device rating, circuit stability and other aspects.
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Slade, Alexander Mason Electrical Engineering UNSW. "Boron tribromide sourced boron diffusions for silicon solar cells." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Electrical Engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/21850.
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This thesis undertakes the development, characterization and optimization of boron diffusion for silicon solar cells. Heavy diffusions (sheet resistance < 40 Ohm/square) to form a back surface field, and light diffusions (sheet resistance > 100 Ohm/square) to form oxide-passivated emitters were developed. Test structures and solar cells were fabricated to assess uniformity, lifetime and recombination effects due to the light and heavy boron diffusions. It was found that the growth of a thin ~200 ??, thermal oxide, during stabilization ??? immediately prior to the boron diffusion - was required to maintain high lifetime and reduce surface recombination (reducing the emitter saturation current density) for all boron diffusions. The heavy boron diffusion process was incorporated into the single side buried contact solar cell processing sequence. The solar cells fabricated had both boron diffused and Al/Si alloyed P+ regions for comparison. This research conclusively showed that boron diffused solar cells had significantly higher open circuit voltage compared to Al/Si alloyed devices. Fabrication of n-type solar cells, and their subsequent characterization by overlayed secondary electron image and the electron beam induced current map showed that the Al/Si alloy varied in depth from 5 to 25 micrometers deep. Methodology and characterization for light, oxide-passivated boron diffusions are also presented. This study yielded boron diffused emitters (sheet resistance > 100 Ohm/square) with low emitter saturation current. It was observed that this was possible only when the thermal oxidation after the boron diffusion was minimal, less than 1,000 ??. This was due to the segregation effect of boron with oxide, decreasing the surface concentration that in turn decreased the electric field repulsion of electrons from the surface. Device modelling of n-type solar cells is presented where the parameters of the modelling include the results of the light, oxide-passivated boron diffusions. This modelling shows n-type-base material with light oxide-passivated boron diffusion has higher potential conversion efficiency than forming a solar cell from phosphorous diffused p-type material.
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Click, Kevin A. "Design and Synthesis of Organic Dyes for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492448144094887.
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Vilpponen, Eirik Timo Bøe. "Analysis of Intermediate Band Solar Cell Performance." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for fysikk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14090.
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This is the Master’s Thesis of Eirik Timo Bøe Vilpponen, and was writtenat the Department of Physics at the Norwegian University of Science andTechnology (NTNU). The thesis is twofold, the first part being the comple-tion of a project undertaken during the fall of 2010. The project concernedthe setup of a solar cell current-voltage characterization lab [4] at the sameDept. of Physics.The second part is an analysis of the current-voltage characteristics ofNTNU-made quantum-dot intermediate band solar cells. A strong focus isput on exploring the possibility of utilizing the Two-Diode Model as a meansof analysis. The two-diode model has been found to have a good potential forthis use, but that it requires a specially made curve fitting computer programto fulfill this potential.
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Mohammadi, Farid. "A Meta-Analysis on Solar Cell Technologies." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-32584.
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The objective of this study is analysing the characteristics of five different solar cell technologies regarding their efficiency, fill factor, cost and environmental impacts and comparing their improvement records over years considering their efficiency. The five solar cell technologies of interest are amorphous silicon, monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, cupper indium gallium selenide thin film and cadmium telluride thin film. The structure and manufacturing process of each of cell technologies were discussed. The study was conducted by the aid of available scientific reports regarding the electrical characteristics of different solar cell technologies. The extracted information regarding efficiency rate and fill factor was analysed using graphs and significant findings are discussed. The five technologies are also compared regarding their cost and ease of fabrication and their impacts on environment and recycling challenges. The result of this study is suggesting the most promising technology that may be the optimal option for further investment and research.
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Cahlenstein, Alexander. "Transparent solar cell techniques: A profitability study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-341645.
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This master thesis is intended to investigate the profitability of transparent solar windows which concentrates parts of the invisible light to a solar cell.This makes it possible to generate electric energy while the window still is transparent. Other gains apply such as the removal of solar radiation into the building which makes it possible to decrease the amount of energy needed for cooling. The study will investigate profitability of transparent solar windows by simulating energy used for heating and cooling and by investigating profitability of the produced energy. The results show that it is not economically justified to use transparent solar windows for electricity generation with present techniques and with Swedish climate. It is however economically justified to use as a isolating window in buildings. The master thesis has been completed at Skanska in Stockholm.
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Smith, Kevin J. "Naval Postgraduate School Solar Cell Array Tester." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4990.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedEducating space professionals is an expensive endeavor. The use of technologies such as CubeSats can cut the cost giving space professionals real world experience in satellite design, testing, integration and operations. The Naval Postgraduate School-Solar Cell Array Tester (NPS-SCAT) will be the first of what may be many CubeSats developed by the Space Systems Academic Group, Small Satellite Laboratory. This thesis analyzes the NPS-SCAT program from the program managers point of view and provides an overview of the development of the program from an un-qualified Engineering Design Unit (EDU) to a fully qualified EDU. Also included in this thesis is a description of the subsystems and full cost analysis that covers the total costs from concept to flight unit.
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Brooks, Clarence A. "Network model of a concentrator solar cell." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/562781.
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Solar concentrating systems are often used to decrease the cost of solar energy by redirecting the incident sunlight from a relatively large area onto a photovoltaic cell of smaller area. In addition to the convergence characteristics of the concentrator, indices of refraction and reflectivities which are functions of wavelength can result in an illumination which varies both spatially and spectrally on the solar cell. Nonuniformity can also be induced by concentrator tracking error. The effects of such nonuniform illumination on solar cell performance are of interest.In this investigation, a model of a concentrator solar cell consisting of a network of preexisting one-dimensional models has been developed. This model is analyzed for three sample grid configurations for both spot-focusing and line-focusing concentrator applications.Ada computer programs have been created which, together with a few other pieces of readily available software, are capable of simulating the model. Sample simulations have been performed for line-focusing concentrator applications. These results are presented and discussed.Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Bryan, Kevin D. "Computer modeling of a concentrator solar cell." Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/543982.
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The application of high speed computers to simulate physical devices has pioneered many scientific advances in recent times. With a suitable model to simulate their activity, solar cells are excellent candidates for such applications. In this work, a computer program has been developed which models an N+-P-P+ solar cell in one dimension. This model is structured to allow solar cells of different materials to be used in the program, however, only silicon is used here in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the program.For purposes of simplicity, the following conditions are assumed. All solar radiation enters the cell at normal incidence. The cell's temperature is uniform throughout and is considered a constant in all calculations. Doping concentrations in individual cell regions are uniform. Generation and recombination rates are also uniform within each of the cell's three regions. Items common to the two-dimensional cell but superficial to the one-dimensional cell such as contacts, lateral current flow, edge effects and variations of any type in the lateral direction are assumed to be non-existent.Background information for those not familiar with the topic is given followed by a presentation of the equations used. The general method of numerical calculation is then explained. Examples of program output are discussed along with an example application of the program. An entire program listing is given in appendix B.Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Koletsios, Evangelos. "GaAs/InAs multi quantum well solar cell." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27856.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, Silvaco software is used to form a precise, well-controlled reliable, and inexpensive solar-cell structure using quantum wells. Successful results will allow the exploitation of most of the advantages of quantum-well systems. This challenging research represents the first time that Silvaco simulation software has been used in the design of such a solar cell. This research field is promising because of the potential to increase the attainable energy efficiency of solar photon conversion, due to tunable bandgaps, which can absorb most of the solar spectrum, which conventional single-layer crystalline solar cells cannot do. The ultimate goal is the assembly of a quantum-well layer. A theoretical infinite-layer cell can reach an efficiency of 86% (constrained by thermodynamical limits). Quantum wells can reach 65%+ when a multilayer cell has reached 49%, and it is very expensive to build.
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Wong, David Allen. "Assessment of the micromorph tandem solar cell." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112503.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 68-72).
The bringing of high efficiency photovoltaics from extraterrestrial applications to terrestrial ones has begun to be realized. The micromorph tandem solar cell shows great promise as it boasts both high efficiency and low cost. The device consists of an amorphous top cell and a microcrystalline bottom cell. Optimization through high-rate silicon deposition, light trapping, and film growth make efficiencies of 15% possible. Current micromorph cells in the market are competitive in performance and cost to other similar technologies. This paper reviews the research progress and market penetration of this young but promising technology.
by David Allen Wong.
M. Eng.
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Geary, Elaine A. M. "Transition metal complexes as solar cell dyes." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12198.
Full textAbstract:
Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells (DSSC) were first reported in the early 1990’s and function by the sensitisation of a semiconductor using a dye molecule such as organic and transition metal organometallic dyes. This thesis reports the synthesis and characterisation of transition metal dyes with applications as sensitisers in DSSC. Complexes of Ni, Pd and Pt were investigated for use in standard liquid electrolyte cells and Donor-Acceptor type solid-state solar cells. A family of [Pt(II)(diimine)(dithiolate)] complexes of general formula [Pt{X,X’(CO2R)2-bpy}(mnt)] (where X=3, 4 or 5; R=H or Et, bpy = 2,2’-bipyridyl and mnt = maleonitriledithiolate), have been synthesised, spectroscopically and electrochemically characterised and attached to a TiO2 substrate to be tested as solar cell sensitisers. A single crystal X-ray structure showing a large torsion angle between the bipyridyl rings was determined for [Pt{3,3’(CO2Et)2-2,2’-bpy}(mnt)].MeCN. The effect of changing the position of the bpy substituents from 3,3’ to 4,4’ and 5,5’ is discussed with reference to structural and electronic changes seen within the different members of the family of molecules. The UV/Vis/NIR and in-situ EPR spectroelectrochemical studies of the family and its related precursor molecules are discussed. All three complexes (where R=H) were tested as solar cell sensitisers with the 3,3’-disubstituted bpy complex giving an intermediate dye loading value but superior photovoltaic performance to those of the other two. The performance of this sensitiser is then compared with that of a well known Ru(polypyridyl) sensitiser. A family of unsymmetrical [Ni(II)(dithione)(dithiolate)] complexes of general formula, [Ni(R1R2pipdt)(dmit)], where R = Me, Bz and Pri, pipdt = 1,4-disbustituted-piperazine-3,2-dithione and dmit = 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate, have been synthesised and characterised and investigated for use in solid-state solar cells. electrochemistry and UV/Visible spectroscopy results show that the reduction potential of a complex is related to the number of aromatic substituents on the pipdt ligand. The dibenzyl substituted complex shows the largest absorption wavelength in the NIR which is attributed to it having the smallest HOMO-LUMO gap of the complexes studied. In-situ EPR results show the reduction electron to be located on the R1R2pipdt ligand which confirms previous proposals that the LUMO is in part located on this part of the complex. Raman spectroscopy confirms the dmit ligand to be formally dianionic with the R1R2pipdt having a formally neutral charge.
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Jons, Mattias. "Doped 3C-SiC Towards Solar Cell Applications." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Halvledarmaterial, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148595.
Full textAbstract:
The market for renewable energy sources, and solar cells in particular is growing year by year, as a result there is a large interest in research on new materials and new technologies for solar power applications. In this thesis the photovoltaic properties of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) has been investigated. The research includes material growth using the sublimation epitaxy method, both n-type and p-type SiC have been investigated. 3C-SiC pn junctions have been produced and their electrical properties have been characterized, this is the first time 3C-SiC pn junctions have been studied in the research group. Photoresponse has been demonstrated from a 3C-SiC pn junction with Al and N used as p- and ntype dopants. This is the first demonstrated solar cell performance using 3C-SiC, to our knowledge.
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Park, Jihong. "Electrical properties of polycrystalline solar cell silicon." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1061389017.
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Tobail, Osama. "Porous silicon for thin solar cell fabrication." Aachen Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992052904/04.
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Chiou, Jia-Wei, and 邱嘉威. "Perovskite Solar Cell." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57794764966117330445.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
103
Due to own the tunable band gap, high absorption coefficient (1.54x104 cm-1), low non-radiation carrier recombination and long carrier diffusion length, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials received significant attention by many researchers in recent. There are many researchers used organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials as light-harvesting materials for solar cells. However, the perovskite materials is not stable in the ambient because it is very sensitive for the humidity and oxygen. Therefore, the performance of perovskite solar cells often affected by the deposition method, annealing temperature… In this study, perovskite solar cells were fabricated inside the glove box under low humidity and oxygen content. For the structure of perovskite solar cells, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were used to construct the mesoporous structural layer. Perovskite light harvesting materials were coated on the TiO2 structural layer via two steps process. Firstly, PbI2, CH3NH3I and hole transport medium (HTM) were coated sequentially via spin coating. Then the metal electrode was deposited by thermal evaporation. From this study, we could observe that the coating method would affect the morphologies of perovskite material and influence the performance of solar cells. In this study, the performance of perovskite solar cell fabricated by the optimal conditions can achieve Jsc=21.3 mA/cm2, Voc=0.99 V, FF=0.69, PCE=14.42 %.
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Liu, Li-Ting, and 留麗婷. "Research and Development Dye Sensitized Solar Cell and Perovskite Solar Cells." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14702528770787260979.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
化學研究所
104
Solar cell research and development from 1954 to the first generation is now in its third generation dye-sensitized solar cell, however, due to the low absorption coefficient of the organic dye and the absorbance spectrum narrow, can not effectively get solar energy, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency can not go beyond the first generation of conventional silicon solar cells. To compensate for the dye absorption spectrum of sunlight defects, particularly a quantum dot solar cells can be improved photovoltaic characteristics such problems. However, quantum dot solar cells with quantum dots using different materials, for example thirty-five (III-V) family of quantum dot solar cells will be connected to the surface of the electron hole easy to complex, resulting in decreased conductive element; or metal sulfide materials have chemical instability and other issues to be improved. To overcome these problems the quantum dot material, perovskite type lead halide sensitized material i.e. propose to do to resolve the policy. And then opened a new type of perovskite solar cells. In this paper, the development and application of the dye-sensitized solar cells and solar cell perovskite do for discussion.
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Wang, Hsiang-Cheng, and 王翔正. "Investigation of Tandem Polymer Solar Cell and Graphene Cathode Inverted Solar Cell." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x35hr9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
光電工程學研究所
105
In this thesis, several ways of surface modification are investigated. Tandem polymer solar cells and single junction solar cells with graphene as cathode are successfully fabricated via surface modification. The performance of solar cells and the property change after surface modification are carefully studied. In the first topic, we discuss the candidate materials for tandem solar cell. Single junction solar cells are optimized based on our front cell and rear cell material. Interconnection layer is then discussed. In order to let interconnection layer be coated on active layer, two commonly-used surface modification methods, UV-Ozone and O2 plasma, are introduced. Tandem solar cells are carefully designed and put into experiment. Devices are successfully fabricated with PCE of 5.129%. The surface properties of polymer film after UV-Ozone and O2 plasma pretreatment are further investigated. The reasons for poor performance of UV-Ozone-modified devices are found In the second topic, a single junction solar cell based on graphene cathode is fabricated. Hydrophobicity of graphene is improved with the aid of HBC-6ImBr. Three layers of graphene are transferred on glass substrate as cathode, and PCE of 3.515% is achieved based on PTB7:PC71BM.
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Jiang, Ming-jhe, and 江銘哲. "Melanin-Sensitized Solar Cell." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91000616733029716213.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
物理所
98
At present the majority dye-sensitized solar cell research all uses the Ruthenium-complex as a light harvester. But the preparation cost is excessively high, and besides provides and does not have other uses for the dye-sensitized solar cell use. In order to improve such question, this research used the melanin which the human body and the most biology had to regard the dye to catch the photon.The melanin met several requirements to be possible to do as a light harvester: originates,low cost , to have strong, broad band absorbance, has conformed to the green energy industry which in the last few years. This research uses the P25 titanium dioxide by the doctor blade method for the electrode, the melanin uses electrochemically synthesized on the titanium dioxide, the electrolyte uses I-/I3- to dissolve in MPN, uses the electrode preparation platinum thin film for counter-electrode, uses solar simulator to measure efficiency at AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm2). The experiment successfully makes the overall efficiency nearly 0.3% in melanin-sensitized solar cell, then the 0.1% efficiency. In addition, the experiment discovery, the electrochemically synthesized causes the melanin particle unable to adsorb evenly on the titanium dioxide; The time of electrochemically synthesized will affect the efficiency, will cause the photon to be unable to transfer successfully, therefore for the high efficiency is how to improve the melanin particle size and thickness.
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Yeh, Chieh-Yung, and 葉介永. "Si Nanopillar Solar Cell." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99655507009890525679.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立聯合大學
材料科學工程學系碩士班
101
Nanopillars have been suggested to enhance the performance and to reduce the fabrication cost of solar cells by their higher light-trapping area, lower surface reflection and shorter diffusion length for minor carrier. In this thesis, we report a process with I-line lithography to efficiently fabricate nanopillar array with pillar diameter down to less than 400 nm. Various nanostructures including trapezoid, pillar and pencil were obtained by controlling the etching time. In addition, ion implantation was adopted for shallow junction depth, and transparent ITO electrode was used as the conformal top electrode on the surface of nanopillar. To compare the photoelectronic properties of nanostructure, we also prepare a planar device as the reference. The results show that the photoelectronic properties of all the nanostructure are better than that of planar one because of their lower reflectance and enhanced carrier collection efficiency. The efficiency of 1-μm-height nanopillar device was 7.2%, much better than that of planer ITO/Si/Al solar cell (2.1%) in this study.
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Liu, Hung-Wei, and 劉宏韋. "Si Nanograss Solar Cell." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/bbk7yb.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立聯合大學
材料科學工程學系碩士班
101
Abstract Si nanograss prepared by inductively coupled hydrogen plasma is characterized with high-specific area and low reflection, which may benefit to the applications of solar cell. In this thesis, we fabricated solar cell devices with nanograss to investigate their photovoltaic behavior. Spinning on phosphorus doping (P509 dopant from Filmtronics) with various thermal processes were used for PN junction formation. ITO and Ag thin film was adopted as the top and bottom electrode, respectively. For deeper-junction photovoltaic cells, 0.47 V open circuit voltage, 13.25 mA/cm2 short circuit current density, and 64.16% fill factor were obtained, which made the conversion efficiency of 3.1%. For shallow junction cell, the maximum efficiency was only 1.08% with a higher short-circuit current density of 16.35 mA/cm2, but the external quantum efficiency can be up to 70%. The results of field emission scanning electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis show that poor interface between nanograss and ITO and deep junction depth led to the low PV efficiency. Modulating the substrate resistance and reducing surface defects are suggested to improve the efficiency in the future.
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Fu-ChinYang and 楊富欽. "Tandem solar cell with TCO structure of amorphous and microcrystalline silicon solar cell." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53237792001475295985.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
光電科學與工程研究所
98
The topic of this research is silicon film deposited at low temperature based on Laser-assisted Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition system (LAPECVD) to become amorphous and microcrystal silicon film. Because of specially high absorption of silane to CO2 laser, laser beam is guided into chamber during deposition of silicon film to form p-type, intrinsic and n-type silicon film at low temperature, and further investigate the porosity、optical and electrical property、quality of crystallization based on varying laser power assistance. As to application, amorphous silicon is very suitable to form solar cell because of ultra high absorption coefficient compared to single-crystal silicon. However, amorphous silicon would degrade at a longer term luminance. Therefore, the LAPECVD system could supply better quality of silicon thin film to overcome this weakness. This research fabricated solar cell under laser assistance, for efficiency of solar cell without laser assistance is 6.04%, 7.01% for laser assistant solar cell, and final efficiency is up to 7.13% for tandem solar cell. In conclusion, laser assistance technology is benefit for enhance efficiency of solar cell.
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Lin, Jin-Tai, and 林金泰. "Decay Mechanism of Perovskite Solar Cell and Development of Lead-free Perovskite Solar Cells." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43wua4.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立臺灣大學
化學研究所
106
Initially, we investigated the degradation of perovskite solar cells under operating situations through in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopies, which revealed that lead hydroxide iodide (PbIOH), a new phase that has not previously been identified as the degradation product of perovskite solar cells, was formed as an end decomposition product inside the cell. The formation of PbIOH could break the interface inside and be the key reason behind the problem of reduced cell life. In second part, we replaced the lead perovskite in carbon-electrode based solar cell with tin perovskite. In third part, we use a zwitterion additive to improve the film morphology of tin perovskite active layer by retarding nucleation process, and the efficiency of corresponding solar cells with 4 cm2 area can achieve 2.1%. In addition, the additive also significantly enhances the stability of device. The final part is about tin perovskite quantum material. We have successfully prepared tin perovskite nanoplate which demonstrates excellent quantum yield of 6.4%, narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 37 nm, and wide tunability window.
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Zin, Ngwe Soe Josh. "Miniature silicon solar cells for a tandem cell stack." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150204.
Full textAbstract:
The Defence Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) of the United States of America sponsors a project aimed at developing a 50% efficient mechanically stacked solar cell based utilising six sub-cells of differing materials. This thesis examines the development of miniature silicon solar (MSS) cells for the tandem stack. The role of the silicon cell in the tandem stack is to absorb photon energy in the range of 1.42 -1.1 eV, and convert up to 7% of the light incident on the tandem stack into electricity. Other cells in the stack contribute the balance of the electricity. Key design parameters for the silicon cells are that it should have dimensions of 2.5 x 8 mm and it needs to transfer light with energy of less than 1.1ev to the underlying solar cells. In designing MSS cells, considerations such as optical losses, optimum diffusions and substrate doping, substrate thickness, free carrier absorption (FCA), internal quantum efficiency (IQE), recombination and resistive losses were taken into account. The approach of increasing the substrate thickness was used in the absence of texturing and back surface reflectors which interfere with transmission of sub-bandgap light to underlying cells. Reducing the doping density in the base and emitter minimises FCA losses. IQE of the MSS cells operating in the infrared spectrum is less affected by relatively heavy emitter doping because of lower absorption coefficients compared with those for the shorter wavelength light present in normal sunlight. Simulation showed that silicon solar cells with an emitter on both front and rear surface have a superior IQE response than for the case of an emitter on the sunward surface only. The use of nitride as an anti-reflection layer -incorporating a thin oxide passivating the silicon -returns the lowest reflection loss as compared to oxide and titanium oxide layers, for silicon solar cells operating in the infrared spectrum, and surrounded by a pottant material with a refractive index of ~1.4. Recombination in the MSS cells occurs at surface, bulk, contacts, junction and edges. Surface recombination is minimised by high-quality thermal oxide passivation. High bulk lifetime was maintained by the use of high-quality float-zone silicon material, and chlorine-assisted oxidation and cleaning. Recombination in the contacts was suppressed by incorporation of heavy diffusion. Edge recombination was suppressed by dicing the cell nearly completely from the host wafer prior to the final passivation step, and by keeping the emitter diffusion at least 1 mm away from the residual cell edge where the dicing occurs during cell detachment. To achieve an adequately high efficiency of silicon solar cells operating in the infrared spectrum various cell design options were considered: single-junction (SJ), horizontally stacked (HS) and vertically stacked (VS). Factors such as suppressing recombination, increasing current, current matching, series or parallel connection, reflection between cell interfaces, resistive losses and fabrication complexity were compared and contrasted for these cell designs. Modelling showed that VS and HS cells could achieve efficiency higher than SJ cells but at the expense of increased fabrication complexity. A single-junction MSS cell design was adopted since it is easier to implement, has adequate performance potential, and does not require current matching. In fabricating the MSS cells, a wide variety of tools were used. These included infrared and green laser machining, Reactive Ion Etching (RIE), Chemical Vapour Deposition, room temperature passivation, Light-induced and Electrolyte Plating, Palladium Silicide for metallisation and a measurement jig that enables testing the cells under the infrared spectrum. Comprehensive characterisation and development of these tools for their efficacy in fabricating MSS cells was undertaken. Analysis of low shunt resistance and carrier lifetime degradation by RIE on the MSS cells was carried out. RIE induces two main types of degradation on samples: permanent and reversible. Reversible degradation is recoverable by annealing the samples in nitrogen ambient, while permanent degradation is avoidable by wet chemical etch and by limiting the area of sample's surface exposed to RIE. Of all shunts, shunting caused by boron diffusion-induced pinholes was found to be most significant in the fabrication of MSS cells. Silicon solar cells fabricated following characterisation of inferior performances caused by shunting and RIE-induced degradation demonstrated a sharply improved performance but were still short of the expected efficiency. Attention then turned to hydrogenation of LPCVD nitride coated samples which are subjected to prolonged high temperature anneals during the fabrication. Hydrogenation of prolonged high- temperature annealed LPCVD nitride coated samples became ineffective due to the densification of LPCVD nitride. Further characterisation revealed that the carrier degradation arising from laser-scribing which affects a relatively large proportion of the volume of the cell, significantly reduced the high efficiency potential of the miniature silicon solar cells for a tandem stack.
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Chen, Shen-Lin, and 陳申霖. "Advanced CIGS Solar Cell Fabrication." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35256634596888222361.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
光電科學研究所
96
The purpose of this thesis is to develop a different procedure to frabriate CIGS solar cell using single target. After depositing the CIGS film on the substrate and annealing the film through Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP), we observed the impact on crystal size with the heating degree and heating time. In the literature review, it is well-known that the efficiency of CIGS solar cell is the most competitive as compared with other thin film solar cell. Moreover, the advantages of the fabrication of CIGS solar cell by sputtering are lower cost and ability of mass production. Then, we use Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to investigate the crystal size, and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) to analyze the composition of crystal whether it is accordance with the target. Furthermore, we observe that the higher temperature, the smaller crystal size is; and the longer heating time, the completed structure is. Due to the limitations, we need further support to investigate the relationship.
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Wen, Kuo Yu, and 郭鈺雯. "Development of Solar Cell Applications." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00449123099254517619.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
工學院碩士在職專班
101
The issues of environmental consciousness and clean energy are getting more important nowadays. Among them, there is no doubt that the use of solar energy catches more attention around the world. Scientists from Bell Labs invented the solar cell in 1954 and created a new revenue stream via its solar cell business. As so far, there are several different kinds of solar cells, including silcon based, thin film and new concept. However, solar photovoltaic cells have more production costs than other energy. Therefore, many governments fund subsidies to help the solar photovoltaic industries and encourage them to make big savings on costs through greater conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic cells. Nowadays the use of solar photovoltaic cells plays an important role in every one’s daily life. Therefore, solar photovoltaic industries focus on building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) . And they can be connected to many other industries, such as agriculture, fisheries and Animal husbandry in Taiwan. Besides, high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) have been mainly introduced in large solar photovoltaic power plants. Based on the profound foundation of the semiconductor industry and the largest amount of concentrator photovoltaic equipment, called metal-organic chemical vapor deposition system in the world, Taiwan’s solar photovoltaic industries definitely take a great advantage in the future.
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Kuo, Chao-Ke, and 郭昭克. "Silicon Quantum Dots Solar Cell." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05717744469401540780.
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Wei-Yen, Chen, and 陳緯諺. "Silicon nanorod array solar cell." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81322943767633327172.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
物理學系
98
In this study, solar cells consisting of ordered p-i-n junction silicon nanorod matrix array with different lengths, diameters and period were fabricated. The advantages of p-i-n nanorod structures were low reflection and high surface to volume ratio compared to planar silicon thin films. Moreover, we designed hexagonal arrays to get sufficiently dense array to gain more number of p-i-n junction. The direct electrical pathways provided by the nanorod ensure the rapid collection of carriers generated throughout the device limited primarily by the surface area of the nanrods array. And devices deposit the ITO film would supply a shorter carrier diffusion length to enhance the photocurrent. Finally, we present that the p-i-n nanorod of matrix and hexagonal array structure solar cell actually improve the power conversion efficiency up to 10%, and had an excellent antireflection performance of optical. After depositing the ITO film, it enhances the nanorod devices photocurrent value 18.24% (the highest).
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WANG, ZIH-YU, and 王子瑜. "Solar Cell Cutting Process Improvement." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18380602608789647018.
Full textAbstract:
碩士聖約翰科技大學
自動化及機電整合研究所
100
In this research, we have made solar cells variously cutting by the two technologies of Laser MicroJet and traditional Dry Laser. For exploring which is the better manner for solar cells cutting with low loss of efficiency, the parameters of FF(Fill Factor), Rsh , and RRP(reduce rate of power) are be selected for comparison. We quartered 6-inches multi-crystalline silicon solar cell, the main cutting parameter of Laser MicroJet is to make different voltage (740~860 V) to change the energy beam of Laser, and Dry Laser’s is to control different current (12.5 ~14.5A) in that experiment’s variant control. In the last of those cutting process, solar cells have be measured by Electro Microscopy for the observation of cross-section , leveling and slag adhere to. The result of this experiment shows that the FF of Laser MicroJet cutting solar cells are about 75%, the Rsh are 12~16Ω ,and the RRP are 1.8~2.9% while the FF of Dry Laser’s are about 76%, the Rsh are above 16Ω ,and the rrp are 1.01~1.79%. Comparatively, that the cost of cutting process of Dry Laser is more cheaper and lower rrp. Laser MicroJet can cut various shapes solar cells without the effect of thermal stress, and have fine cross-section and non-broken quality. So it is better to use Water-jet guided Laser for cutting various shape solar cells. Key words: Laser MicroJet; Dry Laser; Solar cell; Thermal Stress
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Kuo-Hui, Chen, and 陳國輝. "Concentrator Solar Cell Welding Research." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10822694435234507044.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立勤益科技大學
研發科技與資訊管理研究所
99
High Concentrator Photovoltaic is to use the sun’s rays come together in a small area of improved efficiency and economic efficiency of power generation. If the use of concentrating solar concentrator lens magnification 1000 times. The solar cell module unit cost of electricity will be much lower than the crystalline silicon cell type battery. However ,the process of concentrating the heat due to long wavelength light source of the problem, it will cause damage to high temperature solar cells and power generation systems. Due to the reason for damage to package the maximum negative reasons. Also to inhibit the rate of the condenser to control the temperature, but the drawback is the efficiency of power generation. The fundamental solution lies in improved packaging process. This study was to optimized the best welding by TOPSIS. The use of Six Sigma (DMAIC) steps to define the process conditions and problems. Taguchi method to find the appropriate temperature curve. Finally, thermal cycle testing and validation of product quality. Make the process less than 5% vold. Concentrating HCPV sub-mount units to ensure long-term used, to solve industrial process bottlenecks.
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Chuang, Yu-Lin, and 莊郁琳. "Silicon Nanohole Arrays Solar Cell." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78167806625579841077.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
物理學系
99
On Earth, solar energy is inexhaustible and non-pollution. Here, we take silicon as the materials for solar cell because of its rich reserves, the advantages of high hardness and high melting point. But, after the light incident into the planar silicon surface, there will be over 30% of them reflected and wasted. Recently, adding nanostructures on silicon surface is proposed. It will significantly reduce reflections, effectively enhance the absorption, and improve the photoelectric current and the energy conversion efficiency. Here, we add nanohole arrays structure on the surface of our solar cells, and that reduced the light reflection and increased the absorption. In addition, these nanohole structures increase the area of the p-n junction and reduce the carrier transport path, that will produce more of the carriers and more carriers are collected. Once photocurrent was increased and thus enhances the energy conversion efficiency of solar cells. The study begins at the comparison of optical reflectivity properties for the various sizes of nanohole arrays, and we discuss the impact of nanohole arrays with different structural parameters. After growing n-layer and fabricating the electrodes of components, we compare the energy conversion efficiency and the external quantum efficiency of the devices which plane structure and with nanohole arrays structure devices, respectively. That is in order to find the optimum structure parameters of silicon solar cells. We find the significantly improved of the energy conversion efficiency and the external quantum efficiency of the devices which were add nanohole arrays on the devices’ surface compare with planar devices. The best energy conversion efficiency is 10.24% and the highest external quantum efficiency is 72.8%.
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Place, Alexander Patrick Mccormick. "Differential Bandgap Solar Cell Analysis." Thesis, 2017.
Find full textAbstract:
This thesis proposes and analyzes a new solar cell design. The base electrode of the new
photovoltaic is composed of several electrically isolated nanolattices suspended on top of
each other. Doped semiconductors are then deposited onto the beams of this electrode,
forming isolated p-n junctions. The deposition thicknesses of one of the doped
semiconductors is varied along the height of the device, creating a multi-junction solar cell.
The charge ca rrier dynamics in an amorphous silicon- and germanium-based device are
simulated, and the efficiency is found to be a factor of four greater than a conventional
planar structure with similar parameters. The main components of this photovoltaic's
fabrication process are developed and analyzed. Specifically, suspended and electrically
isolated lattice electrodes made of carbon are built. The electrical conductivity of the
carbon is shown to be similar to that of indium-tin oxide. The electrode material is
determined to be a mix of amorphous and glassy carbon. Different methods of radiofrequency
sputter deposition are used to deposit spatially dependent layer thicknesses of
semiconductors onto the lattice beams. The spatial dependence is shown to be
approximately linearly dependent on the height dimension of the lattice.
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Liu, Te-Shang, and 劉德尚. "Solar Cell Industry Management Strategy – A Case Study of the Domestic New Solar Cell Company." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48219911880300162813.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
企業管理研究所
101
Nowadays, solar energy industry has become the one of hottest alternative energy. Solar energy industry has a rapid development because people pump much money and manpower into it. Silicon solar cell companies play an important role in this industry, especially in Taiwan. Corporations all face the life cycle of products and industries so how to response the changes of environment and market than adjust business strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable management is an important issue for them. Therefore, the research will put emphasis on analyses of case company and solar cell industry in Taiwan by SCP (Structure-Conduct-Performance paradigm). For standing out from a highly competitive market, we find the mode which can form a management strategy and also develop the competitive strategies. From the research, we can find that the manufacturers have proposed the way to deal with following seven subjects: raw materials, technology of products, attitude of business, elasticity of price, growth rate, structure of cost and the way they purchase. And the items which lacking the strategies can be proposed as following seven subjects: cycle of seasons, barriers to entry, taxes and subsidies, legislation, price regulation, behavior of pricing and strategy of products. The research will not only focus on providing suggestions for the items which lacking strategies to avoid manufacturers to be uncompetitive but propose additional notes to improve international competitiveness of case company. Suggestions are as follows. 1. Excellent capabilities of research and development 2. World-class technology and advanced equipment 3. Build the image of brand 4. Stable source of critical raw materials 5. Complete community structure of industry 6. The support of government policy
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Fu, Hou Zhong, and 侯忠賦. "Characterization and Hybrid Integration of the MOS-structure Solar Cell and Photovoltaic Biasing Solar Cell." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65xv8v.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
光電工程系研究所
103
This study demonstrated the concept of a Metal/Oxide/Semiconductor (MOS) structure for fabricating high-efficiency silion solar cell. The reflectivity and the thickness of ITO/Al2O3/TiO2 films were simulated to obtain the best optical properties. Significantly increased in photocurrent and conversion efficiency were obtained when the cell applied with a biasing voltage. The optical and electrical properties for MOS solar cell using double layer of TiO2 and Al2O3 as passivation layer are investigated. The transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was obtained using a thermally sputtering deposition. The property Metal/Double Oxide structure exhibited a good anti-reflection (AR) property and has broadband low reflectance on visible wavelength. The depletion width of p-n junction under the ITO transparent electrode would be extended more deeply and obtained more large volume of absorption when the biased voltage increased. Thus, the short-circuit current and conversion efficiency of MOS solar cell are further enhanced. In addition, the Ti/Al metal pattern was deposited on the ceramic substrates by e-beam evaporation. Finally, the MOS solar cells and the solar cells of biasing source were die-bonding and wire bonding on the ceramic substrate. Therefore, MOS-structure and photovoltaic biasing solar cell were hybrid integrated on a ceramic substrate. In the selection of the material and the thickness of the space layer, the cell with a 20 nm TiO2 space layer has the best performance having low reflectance and low leakage current. Under AM1.5G illumination and at temperatures of 25°C, the characteristics of the fabricated cell are characterized in following stages. (1) Bare solar cell: The open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.55 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 26.22 mA/cm2 and conversion efficiency (η) of 10.61 % are presented. (2) Solar cell coated with TiO2 (15 nm) and Al2O3 (5 nm) layer：Voc of 0.55 V, Jsc of 29.38 mA/cm2 and η of 11.82 % are obtained. (3) Solar cell coated with TiO2 (15 nm), Al2O3 (5 nm) and ITO layer (50 nm)：Voc of 0.55 V, Jsc of 33.53 mA/cm2 and η of 13.58% are obtained. (4) Solar cell coated with TiO2 (15 nm)/Al2O3 (5 nm)/ITO layer (50 nm) and ITO electrode biased at + 3.75 V：Voc is increased from 0.55 V to 0.56 V, Jsc is increased to 53.11 mA/cm2, and η is increased to 20.05 %. Besides, the capacitance-voltage (C-V) of MOS-structure silicon solar cell was measured to confirm the depletion width as a function of the biasing voltage.
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WU, CHIA-CHUN, and 伍家俊. "A Study on Shading Effect of Solar Cell and Electroluminescent Technique for Solar Cell Inspection." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vghh44.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立勤益科技大學
電子工程系
106
The solar electrical power is more useful and important issue for green requirements today. In this study, we investigate the shaded effects for various kinds of solar modules. In addition, there are various types of solar cell defects in fabrication. Various defects of solar cell might lower the photoelectron transformation efficiency. Among these defects, micro cracks occurring in the interior of solar wafers are most crucial. In normal lighting intensity, micro cracks of solar cell is difficult to detect or visible. Currently, the most common method to detect invisible micro crack in solar cell is used by electroluminescence (EL) technique. In this study, based on crystalline silicon solar cells we investigate electro characteristics such as open voltage (Voc) and short-circuit current (Isc) after EL test of cell. In addition, we also develop an EL image inspection system for roughly evaluation in normal area of the solar cell under test. However, this is an experimental prototyping system, the accuracy of micro cracks detection for solar cell is still depended on the quality of EL image and test instruments settings.
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WU, WENCHAO, and 伍文超. "Simulation of Cu(In,Ga)Se solar cells and cell-to-module gain for silicon solar cells." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88096112361224304692.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
電子工程學研究所
103
Modeling of photovoltaic devices has become more and more important and helpful not only to predict the performance of new devices but also to provide ideas and guidelines to industry without manufacture. This thesis focuses on discussing the optical and electrical characteristics of Cu(In,Ga)Se (CIGS) solar cells, as well as the cell-to-module current gain. The CIGS solar cell is simulated in two-dimensional simulation. In chapter two, the electrical and optical simulation of the CIGS and Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) (CIGSeS) is done. The influence of different gallium and sulfur mole fraction is reported. The CIGS and CIGSeS solar cell achieve a optimized efficiency. The cell-to-module current gain is simulated in three-dimensional simulation. In chapter three, several kinds of module light loss are shown and as well as the current of conventional solar module. In chapter four, four improvements contain glass anti-reflective coating (ARC), front glass thickness (TG), polyvinyl butyral encapsulant (PVB), and light harvesting strings (LHS) are used to optimized the solar module. The individual and combined improvement is considered, to achieve a higher current gain of the solar module.