Journal articles: 'Solar cell, dye, DSSC, impedance'

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Chou, Jung-Chuan, Chin-Hui Huang, Yi-Hung Liao, Yu-Jen Lin, Chia-Ming Chu, and Yu-Hsun Nien. "Analysis of Different Series-Parallel Connection Modules for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." International Journal of Photoenergy 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6595639.

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The internal impedances of different dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) models were analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectrometer (EIS) with an equivalent circuit model. The Nyquist plot was built to simulate the redox reaction of internal device at the heterojunction. It was useful to analyze the component structure and promote photovoltaic conversion efficiency of DSSC. The impedance of DSSC was investigated and the externally connected module assembly was constructed utilizing single cells on the scaled-up module. According to the experiment results, the impedance was increased with increasing cells connected in series. On the contrary, the impedance was decreased with increasing cells connected in parallel.

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Dai, Yu Hua, Jing Li Wang, Jie Lian Li, and Qiu Fei Shi. "The Effects of the TiO₂ Films Thickness on the Performance of Quasi-Solid Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.739.

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The dye – sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is an attractive and promising device for solar cell applications that have been intensively investigated worldwide. DSSC consists of a namo TiO2 film of the photo electrode, dye molecules absorbed on the surface of TiO2 film, an electrolyte layer and a Pt counter electrode. Among these, the nanoporous TiO2 film plays an important role because it can adsorb a large amount of dye molecules which provide electrons. Therefore, the TiO2 film affects the cell performance. In this paper, the characteristics of DSSCs with different TiO2 film thicknesses were studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The impedance component attributed to TiO2|electrolyte interface indicated that the small semicircle and low characteristic frequency was essential for high performance DSSC. An optimum overall conversion efficiency( ％) of 5.54% was obtained in the DSSC assembled with the TiO2 film thickness of 8.86μm.

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Kapil, Gaurav, Yuhei Ogomi, Shyam S. Pandey, Tingli Ma, and Shuzi Hayase. "Indoor Light Performance of Coil Type Cylindrical Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 16, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 3183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2016.12324.

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A very good performance under low/diffused light intensities is one of the application areas in which dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be utilized effectively compared to their inorganic silicon solar cell counterparts. In this article, we have investigated the 1 SUN and low intensity fluorescent light performance of Titanium (Ti)-coil based cylindrical DSSC (C-DSSC) using ruthenium based N719 dye and organic dyes such as D205 and Y123. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic results were analyzed for variable solar cell performances. Reflecting mirror with parabolic geometry as concentrator was also utilized to tap diffused light for indoor applications. Fluorescent light at relatively lower illumination intensities (0.2 mW/cm2 to 0.5 mW/cm2) were used for the investigation of TCO-less C-DSSC performance with and without reflector geometry. Furthermore, the DSSC performances were analyzed and compared with the commercially available amorphous silicon based solar cell for indoor applications.

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Lai, Wen-Feng, Pei-Ling Chao, Xin-Yu Lin, Yin-Pei Chen, Jih-Hsin Liu, Tz-Feng Lin, Wei-Chou Hsu, and Chia-Yi Huang. "Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with TiO2 Stripes." Materials 15, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 4212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124212.

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A TiO2 strip array with a thickness of 90 nm was fabricated by photolithography and physical vapor deposition. This work utilized the chemical and physical methods to fabricate the TiO2 strip array. A porous semiconductor layer made of TiO2 nanoparticles was coated on the TiO2 strip array. The TiO2 strip array has a one-dimensional protrusive structure. The energy conversion efficiency (4.38%) of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with the TiO2 strip array exceeded that (3.20%) of a DSSC without a TiO2 strip array by 37%. In addition, this result was verified by the electrochemical impedance spectra of the two DSSCs. Therefore, the TiO2 strip array can be used to increase the energy conversion efficiencies of DSSCs. The large energy conversion efficiency of the DSSC with the TiO2 strip array arises from the large surface area of the one-dimensional protrusive structure and its specific electron transport paths. The DSSC with the TiO2 strip array has advantages of economical production cost, easy fabrication, and boosting energy conversion efficiency.

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Kim, Jihun, Horim Lee, Dong Young Kim, Sehyun Kim, and Yongsok Seo. "Cobalt-Based Electrolytes for Efficient Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." MRS Advances 4, no. 08 (2019): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.126.

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AbstractWe have developed new flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) comprising organic dye (JH-1), cobalt redox electrolyte and hierarchically structured TiO2 (HS-TiO2) photoelectrode prepared using an electrostatic spray method. The performance of JH-1 sensitized flexible DSSC with a cobalt redox electrolyte was compared with those of N719-based DSSC and DSSC with I-/ I3- redox electrolyte. As a result, JH-1 sensitized flexible DSSC with [Co(Ⅲ/Ⅱ)(bpy-pz)3](PF6)3/2 redox system exhibited a high photocurrent density of 9.17 mA cm-2, an open circuit voltage of 0.953 V, a fill factor of 0.70, and a power conversion efficiency of 6.12% under 1 sun illumination (100 mW cm-2). The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency was measured to explain the photocurrent generation difference by different dyes and electrolytes. The electron recombination lifetime of cells was measured by intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy. Mass transport in DSSCs employing cobalt redox electrolytes was also investigated by the photocurrent transient measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis.

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Llanos, J., I. Brito, D. Espinoza, Ramkumar Sekar, and P. Manidurai. "A down-shifting Eu 3+ -doped Y 2 WO 6 /TiO 2 photoelectrode for improved light harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 2 (February 2018): 171054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171054.

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Y 1.86 Eu 0.14 WO 6 phosphors were prepared using a solid-state reaction method. Their optical properties were analysed, and they was mixed with TiO 2 , sintered, and used as a photoelectrode (PE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The as-prepared photoelectrode was characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and X-ray diffraction. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSC with TiO 2 :Y 1.86 Eu 0.14 WO 6 (100:2.5) was 25.8% higher than that of a DSCC using pure TiO 2 as PE. This high efficiency is due to the ability of the luminescent material to convert ultraviolet radiation from the sun to visible radiation, thus improving the solar light harvesting of the DSSC.

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Beedri, Niyamat I., Prashant K. Baviskar, Abhijit T. Supekar, Inamuddin, Sandesh R. Jadkar, and Habib M. Pathan. "Bilayered ZnO/Nb2O5 photoanode for dye sensitized solar cell." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 19 (July 18, 2018): 1840046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400465.

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Nb2O5 layer were deposited on ZnO by using doctor blade method. The preparation of a bilayered ZnO/Nb2O5 photoanode was introduce for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application. Deposition of Nb2O5 layer on ZnO film improves power conversion efficiency of DSSCs. The ZnO/Nb2O5photoanode-based DSSCs show increase in photocurrent, open circuit voltage and conversion efficiency. The ZnO/Nb2O5 solar cell provides 50 mV increase of open circuit voltage, [Formula: see text] increment in current density and [Formula: see text] increment in efficiency as compare to ZnO-based DSSCs. We further analyzed the electron recombination properties of ZnO and ZnO/Nb2O5 by utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The EIS analysis (Bode Plot) for ZnO/Nb2O5 photoanode show shifting of the peak related to electron recombination towards low frequency as compared to ZnO photoanode. Thus, there is an increase in lifetime of electrons in the ZnO/Nb2O5 photoanode, confirming that the recombination reactions are reduced in ZnO/Nb2O5 photoanode as compared to the ZnO.

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Li, Hui, Hongshi Jiang, Chenzhong Yao, and Jian Wang. "Phosphonium iodide as a donor liquid electrolyte for dyesensitized solar cells." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 76, no. 5 (2011): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc091201055l.

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An efficient triphenylmethylphosphonium iodide-based liquid electrolyte was synthesized and used for the first time as an electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). With the as-synthesized electrolyte, the DSSC yielded an overall light to electricity conversion efficiency of 5.34 % to 7.10 %, when the radiant power was tuned from 100 mW cm-2 to 10 mW cm-2. This may be attributed to the limitation of mass transport in the DSSC. The electronic and ionic processes in the DSSC were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear voltammography, respectively.

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Somsongkul, Voranuch, Atchana Wongchaisuwat, Attera Worayingyong, and Marisa Arunchaiya. "Carbon Black-LaCoO₃ Composite Material as Counter Electrode for Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.451.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is considered as the next generation low cost photovoltaic device, and one of the important components is the counter electrode which reduces the I3- ions generated after electron injection from iodide into the oxidized sensitizer. In this work composite material of carbon black and LaCoO3 synthesized by sol-gel method has been investigated to replace the platinized counter electrode for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. From cyclic voltammogram, it was found that carbon black catalyzed with LaCoO3 exhibited increased reduction current compared with that of carbon black without LaCoO3. This was consistent with increased surface roughness depicted from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of DSSCs using carbon black-LaCoO3 composite as counter electrode revealed lower charge-transfer resistance (Rct) than that using carbon black. The highest conversion efficiency of 5.40% was obtained from DSSC (active area 1 cm2) fabricated with quasi-solid composite polymer electrolyte using carbon black-LaCoO3 (95:5 ratio by weight) compared to 5.23% obtained from DSSC equipped with platinum counter electrode. The performances of the quasi-solid-state DSSCs sensitized with N719 and natural dyes were examined and it was concluded that the carbon black-LaCoO3 composite was compatible with platinum coated counter electrode for DSSCs.

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Widiatmoko, Pramujo, Hary Devianto, Isdiriayani Nurdin, Adriaan Adriaan, and Henry Natanail Purwito. "THE EFFECT OF COUNTER ELECTRODE PREPARATION METHODS TOWARD DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCE." Jurnal Teknologi Bahan dan Barang Teknik 8, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37209/jtbbt.v8i1.112.

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Carbon-coated electrodes is superior substitution for platinum electrodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC). This paper describes effect of electrode coating methods as well as carbon types on the performance of DSSC. The electrodes were prepared using 3 methods, i.e. doctor blade, metering rod and bubble deposition. Commercial industrial-grade and medical-grade activated carbon were used in this research. The DSSC performance was measured from I-V curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, meanwhile the morphology of coated carbon electrode was studied from Scanning Electron Microscope and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. It was found that efficiency of DSSC was higher when the counter electrodes were prepared using doctor blade and bubble deposition methods with medical-grade activated carbon. The highest achievement on light-to-electricity conversion was 3.76%.Keywords: carbon-based electrode, coating methods, performances of DSSC

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Sangeetha, D. N., Niveditha Hegde, Vidyashri Poojari, Dheeraj Devadiga, Y. N. Sudhakar, M. S. Santosh, and M. Selvakumar. "Conductivity/Electrochemical Study of Polyvinyl pyrrolidone-Poly(vinyl alcohol)/I3− Thin Film Electrolyte for Integrated Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Supercapacitors." Journal of Electronic Materials 49, no. 11 (September 14, 2020): 6325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08432-z.

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Abstract The current era focuses not only on producing solar energy but also preserving it for future use. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) and supercapacitors (SC) are such energy-based devices. DSSCs capture the solar energy and SCs store this captured energy. A natural anthocyanin dye extracted from Garcinia indica (kokum fruit) was used in the DSSCs. SnO2, one of the promising electrode materials for DSSC, was synthesized via a microwave technique. Blend polymer electrolytes (BPE) were prepared through a solution casting technique. A polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend with varying concentrations of potassium iodide, along with iodine dopant, was prepared as a BPE electrolyte composition. The best of the PVA-PVP/KI composition was chosen using Nyquist plots of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Varying the temperature, the dielectric and conductivity study of the chosen composition was studied in detail. A fast/single-step synthesis technique, namely a laser-engraved approach, was used for few-layer graphene synthesis. This graphene serves as a common platform for the DSSC-SC integrated device: as a counter electrode in DSSC and graphene-graphene symmetric electrode in SC. A DSSC-SC integrated device was fabricated and characterized using various analytical and microscopy techniques. The integrated device showed a 0.42 fill factor and 0.56% efficiency. The discharge time for integrated DSSC-SC cells was found to be increased threefold. Graphical Abstract

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Saadmim, Faizah, Taseen Forhad, Ahmed Sikder, William Ghann, Meser M. Ali, Viji Sitther, A. J. Saleh Ahammad, Md Abdus Subhan, and Jamal Uddin. "Enhancing the Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using Silver Nanoparticles Modified Photoanode." Molecules 25, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 4021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25174021.

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In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and applied to a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to enhance the efficiency of solar cells. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized with UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The silver nanoparticles infused titanium dioxide film was also characterized by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The performance of DSSC fabricated with silver nanoparticle-modified photoanode was compared with that of a control group. The current and voltage characteristics of the devices as well as the electrochemical impedance measurements were also carried out to assess the performance of the fabricated solar cells. The solar-to-electric efficiency of silver nanoparticles based DSSC was 1.76%, which is quite remarkable compared to the 0.98% realized for DSSC fabricated without silver nanoparticles.

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Maheswari, D., and P. Venkatachalam. "Fabrication of High Efficiency Dye-Sensitised Solar Cell with Zirconia-Doped TiO2 Nanoparticle and Nanowire Composite Photoanode Film." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 6 (2015): 881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14364.

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Dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated based on coumarin NKX-2700 dye-sensitised zirconia-doped TiO2 nanoparticle and nanowire composite photoanode film and quasi-solid-state electrolyte, sandwiched together with cobalt sulfide-coated counter electrode. Novel photoanodes were prepared using composite mixtures of 90 wt-% TiO2 nanoparticles + 10 wt-% TiO2 nanowires (TNPWs) as base material and zirconia as doping metal. Hafnium oxide (HfO2) was applied on the zirconia-doped TNPWs (zirconia/TNPWs) film structure as a blocking layer. TiO2 nanoparticles, TiO2 nanowires, and zirconia/TNPWs were characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The sensitising organic dye coumarin, NKX-2700, displayed maximum absorption wavelength (λmax) at 525 nm, which could be observed from the UV-visible spectrum. DSSC-1 built with zirconia/TNPWs-doped photoanode with blocking layer revealed enhanced photo-current efficiency (PCE) as compared with other DSSCs and illustrated photovoltaic parameters: short circuit current JSC = 20 mA m–2, open circuit voltage (VOC = 730 mV, fill factor (FF) = 68 %, and PCE (η) = 9.93 %. The electron transport and charge recombination behaviours of DSSCs were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the results exhibited that DSSC-1 possessed the lowest charge transfer resistance (Rrec) and longest electron lifetime (τrec) compared with other DSSCs. Therefore, from the present investigation, it could be concluded that the improved performance of DSSC-1 is ascribed to the zirconia/TNPWs-doped photoanode with the blocking layer increasing the short circuit current, electron transport, and suppressing the recombination of charge carriers at the photoanode/dye/electrolyte interface.

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Wang, Xiu Fang, Ya Han Wu, Cai Xia Yang, Meng Jun Yuan, Yan Huo, Na Liu, Jun Zhang, and Wei Guo. "The Photovoltaic Efficiency of the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells at Different Annealing Temperatures." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.128.

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Upconversion NaYF4:Yb3+Er3+@TiO2 are synthesized and used to compose the photoelectrode (PE) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The morphology, structure, photoluminescence characterization of the NaYF4:Yb3+, Er@TiO2 and the photoelectric performance, alternating current impedance spectroscopy of DSSCs are characterized using transmission electron microscopy, CHI660C electrochemical analyzer, 720 nm long wave pass filter, the infrared laser light, upconversion spectra. Comparing the output power of the DSSC with upconversion performance at different annealing temperatures, the DSSCs under annealing temperature (330°C) show a better photovoltaic efficiency.

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Kim, Mi-Ra, Thanh Chung Pham, Yeonghwan Choi, Seah Yang, Hyun-Seock Yang, Sung Heum Park, Mijeong Kang, and Songyi Lee. "Syntheses and Photovoltaic Properties of New Pyrazine-Based Organic Photosensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Energies 15, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 5938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165938.

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Three novel pyrazine-based organic photosensitizers denoted as TPP, TPPS, and TPPF were synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) studies. Chemical structures of the pyrazine-based photosensitizers were designed with pyrazine derivatives as acceptors, triphenylamine groups as donors, and the thiophene–cyanoacryl group as an auxiliary heterocyclic linkers-acceptor. Using UV-vis spectrophotometry, cyclic voltammetry, and density functional theory calculations, optical and electrochemical characteristics of these pyrazine-based photosensitizers were examined and explored in relation to photovoltaic parameters. The effects of the molecular structures of these photosensitizers on the performances of DSSCs were also investigated. The overall conversion efficiencies of DSSCs based on pyrazine-based photosensitizers were 1.31~2.64% under AM 1.5 irradiation of 100 mW/cm2. To confirm the effect of interfacial charge transfer on photovoltaic performances of DSSC based on pyrazine-based photosensitizers, interfacial charge transfer resistances were investigated by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements.

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Yuliza, Elfi, Sahrul Saehana, Dui Yanto Rahman, Memoria Rosi, Khairurrijal, and Abdullah Mikrajuddin. "Enhancement Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells from Black Rice as Dye and Black Ink as Counter Electrode with Inserting Copper on the Space between TiO₂ Particle’s by Using Electroplating Method." Materials Science Forum 737 (January 2013): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.737.85.

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In this study, we report well performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) coated with copper (Cu) by using the electroplating method. The Cu nanoparticle was impregnated into the pore of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film. Particle contact between Cu and TiO2 plays important role to reduce the recombination effect of the electron and also lead to increase the electron transport in DSSC cell. Here, we used natural dye extracted from black rice and carbon from black ink as counter electrode. It is found that efficiency of DSSC coated with Cu nanoparticle is higher than pure DSSC which is obtained from I-V characterization. It shows that efficiency of DSSC is about 0.019% without coating Cu and enhanced about 0.105% after coating Cu. The analysis of internal resistance of DSSC was measured from Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) characterization.

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Arsyad, Waode Sukmawati, Herlin Pujiarti, Priastuti Wulandari, Herman, and Rahmat Hidayat. "Prelimenary Study on the Photovoltaic and Impedance Characteristics of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using Polymer Gel Electrolyte." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.472.

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Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have been fabricated by using polymer gel electrolyte consisting of ionic liquids in a composite polymers of siloxane and ethylene oxide groups. The structure of those DSSCs are ITO/Ti:ZnO/TiO2/Ru-dye/gel electrolyte/Pt/ITO, with active area of about 0,5 cm2. At this preliminary work, the structure parameters and fabrication procedures had not been optimized for achieving the best performance, but it had been carefully controlled to be same for all fabricated DSSCs. Those DSSCs shows the solar cell performance similar to that observed in DSSCs fabricated in the same cell structure but using conventional electrolyte solution. They exhibit better open voltage and filling factor, which is suggested to the reduction of charge carrier recombination probably taking place at the double layer region formed at the electrode interfaces. This is consistent with their impedance spectrum which is dominated by a Warburg-like characteristics indicating a diffusion limited migration process. It seems then the cell performances is improved by the reduction of charge recombination loss but restricted by diffusion limited ion migration process.

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Arsyad, Waode Sukmawati, Herman, Fitrilawati, and Rahmat Hidayat. "Photovoltaic and Impedance Characteristics of Quasi Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using Polymer Gel Electrolytes." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.256.

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In order to overwhelm the electrolyte leakage problem and improve the stability in extreme climate conditions, we have studied the fabrication and characteristics of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using polymer gel electrolyte (PGE), which is developed from siloxane based polymer gel blended with imidazolium ionic liquid. In many cases, the use of PGE often reduces its photovoltaic performance due to the decrease in its ionic mobility. However, such influence was not observed in our present work. In this work, the fabricated DSSC do not exhibit significant degradation in its working performance. The best overall energy conversion efficiency is about 5.25%, as indicated by short circuit photocurrent (Jsc) larger than 12 mA/cm2, which is comparable to performance of reference cell made by using ionic liquid only. We found from the impedance spectroscopy measurements that the electrolyte diffusion coefficient in the DSSC using this PGE is comparable to that in DSSC using ionic liquid electrolyte.

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Somsongkul, Voranuch, Surassawatee Jamikorn, Atchana Wongchaisuwat, San H. Thang, and Marisa Arunchaiya. "Efficiency and Stability Enhancement of Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on PEO Composite Polymer Blend Electrolytes." Advanced Materials Research 1131 (December 2015): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1131.186.

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The composite polymer electrolyte consisting of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), KI, I2 and TiO2 was blended with low molecular weight poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) and (PEG-MA)-Ru. The SEM images of these blended PEO electrolytes showed better dispersion of materials and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopic study showed an increase in conductivity compared to that of composite PEO electrolyte. These results were consistent with enhanced efficiency of DSSCs using these blended PEO electrolytes. The energy conversion efficiencies of DSSCs using composite PEO-PEG, PEO-(PEG-MA)-Ru and PEO-PEG-(PEG-MA)-Ru polymer blend electrolytes were 5.47, 5.05 and 5.28, respectively compared to 4.99 of DSSC using composite PEO electrolyte. The long-term storage of unsealed DSSCs at room temperature for 93 days demonstrated that the cell efficiency gradually decreased to 0.49-1.88%. DSSCs assembled with composite polymer blend electrolyte showed a slower decrease than that of DSSC using composite PEO electrolyte. It was found that the composite PEO-PEG-(PEG-MA)-Ru polymer blend electrolyte of 1.0:0.1:0.1 weight ratio gave the best improvement in stability of DSSCs.

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Tada, Kazuya. "Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell under PWM Illumination: Toward Indoor Light-Energy Harvesting in the Solid-State Lighting Era." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 9553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249553.

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The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been on the market as a permanent power source for indoor IoT edge devices. In recent years, indoor illumination technology has been experiencing a drastic transition from incandescent and fluorescent lamps toward solid-state lighting devices with light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In addition to the high power efficiency, a virtue of LEDs is their prompt response, which enables precise change of the illumination level using pulse-width modulation (PWM) of the current source, and thus PWM illumination is commonly installed in society. The light intensity change from off to on states of an LED under PWM driving is literally infinity, which causes the lighting to flicker. The lighting flicker induces not only an optical illusion but also biological effects, including serious health problems, which can be mitigated by raising the modulation frequency. Because the peak intensity of a PWM illumination can be 100 times that of the average intensity, the indoor solar cell, which has a relatively high series resistance, is expected to underperform. In this paper, the characteristics of a commercial indoor DSSC under PWM illumination are studied. It is found that while PWM illumination at low frequency seriously deteriorates the performance of the DSSC, it recovers at high frequency. The latter feature is not found in indoor amorphous-Si solar cells, and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that it stems from the electrochemical nature of some components of the series impedance in the DSSC, offering a key piece of evidence of the superiority for use in the modern indoor application of the DSSC over traditional amorphous-Si solar cells.

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Saehana, Sahrul, Elfi Yuliza, Pepen Arifin, Khairurrijal, and Mikrajuddin Abdullah. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) from Black Rice and its Performance Improvement by Depositing Interconnected Copper (Copper Bridge) into the Space between TiO₂ Nanoparticles." Materials Science Forum 737 (January 2013): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.737.43.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) which employed natural dye from black rice has been successfully fabricated and improved its performance by depositing interconnected copper (copper bridge) on the space between TiO2. The copper bridge has significant role in minimizing recombination of electron-hole which occurred in TiO2 surface by trapping electron and facilitating to anode. The presence of interconnected copper nanoparticle in the space between TiO2 nanoparticle was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). The current-voltage (I-V) characterization of DSSC solar cells by using Keithley 617 was also performed to investigate performance of solar cells under sun illumination in varying intensities. It is found that performance of copper coated DSSC solar cells (efficiency 0.35% and fill factor 0.35) is higher than DSSC without copper coating (efficiency 0.17% and fill factor 0.35). This result is consistent with impedance spectroscopy analyzing where the internal resistance of copper coated DSSC solar cells is lower than DSSC without coated. It is concluded that performance of DSSC increasing with decreasing of internal resistance. Our finding is higher than other researcher reports in Ref. [13] and [14] with similar structure and kind of natural dye. In addition, this paper also reports the use of polymer electrolyte which employing polyvinyl acetate (PVA) containing lithium ion to maintain long-term stability of device.

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Shit, Arnab, Shreyam Chatterjee, and Arun K. Nandi. "Dye-sensitized solar cell from polyaniline–ZnS nanotubes and its characterization through impedance spectroscopy." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 37 (2014): 20079–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp02175d.

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Mahalingam, S., H. Abdullah, S. Shaari, A. Muchtar, and I. Asshari. "Structural, Morphological, and Electron Transport Studies of Annealing Dependent In2O3Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/403848.

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Indium oxide (In2O3) thin films annealed at various annealing temperatures were prepared by using spin-coating method for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The objective of this research is to enhance the photovoltaic conversion efficiency in In2O3thin films by finding the optimum annealing temperature and also to study the reason for high and low performance in the annealed In2O3thin films. The structural and morphological characteristics of In2O3thin films were studied via XRD patterns, atomic force microscopy (AFM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), EDX sampling, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The annealing treatment modified the nanostructures of the In2O3thin films viewed through FESEM images. The In2O3-450°C-based DSSC exhibited better photovoltaic performance than the other annealed thin films of 1.54%. The electron properties were studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) unit. The In2O3-450°C thin films provide larger diffusion rate, low recombination effect, and longer electron lifetime, thus enhancing the performance of DSSC.

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Fan, Yi-Hua, Ching-Yuan Ho, and Yaw-Jen Chang. "Enhancement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Efficiency Using Mixed-Phase TiO2 Nanoparticles as Photoanode." Scanning 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9152973.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a potential candidate to replace conventional silicon-based solar cells because of high efficiency, cheap cost, and lower energy consumption in comparison with silicon chip manufacture. In this report, mixed-phase (anatase and rutile nanoparticles) TiO2 photoanode was synthesized to investigate material characteristics, carriers transport, and photovoltaic performance for future DSSC application. Field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL), and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to characterize mixed TiO2 particles. Subsequently, various mixed-phase TiO2 anodes in DSSC devices were measured by electrical impedance spectra (EIS) and energy efficiency conversion. The overall energy conversion efficiency of DSSC chip was improved as a result of the increase of rutile phase of TiO2 (14%) in anatase matrix. Synergistic effects including TiO2 crystallization, reduction of defect density level in energy band, longer lifetime of photoexcited electrons, and lower resistance of electron pathway all contributed to high efficiency of light energy conversion.

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Prachopchok, Prathan, Janesuk Potisart, Chanu Photiphitak, and Tossapol Tippo. "Effects of CdS-TiO₂ Working Electrode Layer on Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Investigated by Impedance Spectroscopy." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.101.

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The efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been improved by various ways. In this work, The CdS nanoparticles were added in the TiO2 working electrode for improving the efficiency of DSSC. The DSSC structure comprises of TiO2 working electrode with and without CdS powder, Pt counter electrode, rutherium (II) (N719) dye and lithium iodide electrolyte. Normally, the TiO2 paste was screened for five layers. In this work, the TiO2 paste with CdS nanoparticles was screened for various numbers of layers on the layers of pure TiO2 to get the total of five layers. Then TiO2 mixed and unmixed CdS nanoparticles and Pt films were annealed at the temperature of 500°C for 50 min. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) was used to study charge transport in each interface of DSSC. For illumination condition, the measured IS can be divided into three regions that were charge transport at Pt layer, charge transport at working electrode/dye/electrolyte interface and ion contribution at electrolyte layer. The carrier transport parameters extracted from fitting IS spectra were chemical capacitance, charge transfer resistance and time constant.

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Ma, Cheng-Wen, Chia-Ming Chang, Po-Cheng Huang, and Yao-Joe Yang. "Sea-Urchin-Like ZnO Nanoparticle Film for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/679474.

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We present novel sea-urchin-like ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using a chemical solution method. Solution approaches to synthesizing ZnO nanostructures have several advantages including low growth temperatures and high potential for scaling up. We investigated the influence of reaction times on the thickness and morphology of sea-urchin-like ZnO nanoparticles, and XRD patterns show strong intensity in every direction. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were developed using the synthesized ZnO nanostructures as photoanodes. The DSSCs comprised a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass with dense ZnO nanostructures as the working electrode, a platinized FTO glass as the counter electrode, N719-based dye, and I-/I3-liquid electrolyte. The DSSC fabricated using such nanostructures yielded a high power conversion efficiency of 1.16% with an incident photo-to-current efficiency (IPCE) as high as 15.32%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied to investigate the characteristics of DSSCs. An improvement in the electron transport in the ZnO photoanode was also observed.

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Yuan, Yuan, and Caichao Wan. "Dual Application of Waste Grape Skin for Photosensitizers and Counter Electrodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030563.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), a powerful system to convert solar energy into electrical energy, suffer from the high cost of the Pt counter electrode and photosensitizer. In this study, the dual application of waste grape skin is realized by employing the grape skin and its extract as the carbon source of the carbon-based counter electrode and photosensitizer, respectively. The ultraviolet–visible absorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verify the strong binding between the dye molecules (anthocyanins) in the extract and the TiO2 nanostructure on the photoanode, contributing to a high open-circuit voltage (VOC) value of 0.48 V for the assembled DSSC device. Moreover, the waste grape skin was subjected to pyrolysis and KOH activation and the resultant KOH-activated grape skin-derived carbon (KA-GSDC) possesses a large surface area (620.79 m2 g−1) and hierarchical porous structure, leading to a high short circuit current density (JSC) value of 1.52 mA cm−2. Additionally, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals the efficient electron transfer between the electrocatalyst and the redox couples and the slow recombination of electrolytic cations and the photo-induced electrons in the conduction band of TiO2. These merits endow the DSSC with a high photovoltaic efficiency of 0.48%, which is 33% higher than that of a common Pt-based DSSC (0.36%). The efficiency is also competitive, compared with some congeneric DSSCs based on other natural dyes and Pt counter electrode. The result confirms the feasibility of achieving the high-value application of waste grape skin in DSSCs.

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Shit, Arnab, Pousali Chal, and Arun K. Nandi. "An insight into the hybrid dye-sensitized solar cell from polyaniline–CdS nanotubes through impedance spectroscopy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 46 (2016): 31732–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp06124a.

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Prachopchok, Prathan, Chanchana Thanachayanon, and Tanakorn Osotchan. "Correlation between Conversion Efficiency and Impedance Spectroscopy Parameters for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell with TiO₂ Nanostructure Modification." Advanced Materials Research 1131 (December 2015): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1131.169.

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Impedance spectroscopy (IS) is a useful technique to investigate the detail of charge transfer in dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) especially for individual part of cell component. The charge transport in electrolyte, platinum and TiO2 electrodes can be separately examined by varying the frequency range of IS. In this work, the TiO2 electrode was modified by various nanostructures and the equivalence circuit parameters extracted from the measured IS were correlated to the power conversion efficiency of fabricated solar cells, in order to describe the origin of decreasing and increasing of the DSSC efficiency. The TiO2 electrode was prepared at different conditions of mixing with inorganic nanoparticle of CdS, CdSe and nanostructure of C60 at various concentration. Normally, the DSSC with unmodified TiO2 electrode shows the efficiency about 7.12% at AM 1.5. The dramatically dropping of efficiency was occurred in the cell with very small amount of nanoparticle added in TiO2 electrode. For most of the cases, the efficiency tended to become increase as increasing the amount of nanoparticle in the TiO2 electrode. In some structures, the efficiency can become higher than that of the unmodified TiO2 cell. However the large amount of nanoparticle in TiO2 electrode leaded to decreasing of cell efficiency in all fabricated types of TiO2 nanostructure. These efficiency variations were related to the resistance and capacitance values extracted from IS measurement in the frequency range of TiO2 response. It was found that the extracted value of cell resistance played the important role on the efficiency variation and the capacitance value can be used to describe the life-time of charge carrier in the cells.Keywords: Impedance spectroscopy, dye sensitized solar cell.

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Owino, Brian O., Francis W. Nyongesa, Alex A. Ogacho, Bernard O. Aduda, and Benjamin V. Odari. "Effects of TiO2 Blocking Layer on Photovoltaic Characteristics of TiO2/Nb2O5 Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." MRS Advances 5, no. 20 (2020): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.16.

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ABSTRACTThis study reports on the effect of introducing TiO2 compact layer on the photovoltaic characteristics of TiO2/Nb2O5 composite dye sensitized solar cell. The compact layer was deposited by spray pyrolysis technique. It was observed that introduction of 60 nm thick compact layer improved the short circuit current density Jsc ,Open circuit voltage Voc, and efficiency of the cell from 4.9 mA/cm2 to 8.2 mA/cm2, 6.8×10-1 V to 7.2×10-1 V and 1.9 % to 3.4 % respectively compared to traditional cell prepared without compact layer. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed an increase in recombination resistance from 5.5×101 Ω.cm2 for bare DSSC to 9.0×101 Ω.cm2 for DSSC with compact layer thereby improving electron lifetime of the cells from 2.5×10-4 s to 386.9×10-4 s.

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SONG, DANDAN, MEICHENG LI, FAN BAI, YINGFENG LI, YONGJIAN JIANG, and BING JIANG. "SILICON NANOPARTICLES/PEDOT–PSS NANOCOMPOSITE AS AN EFFICIENT COUNTER ELECTRODE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS." Functional Materials Letters 06, no. 04 (August 2013): 1350048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604713500483.

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A novel inorganic/organic nanocomposite film composed of Si nanoparticles (NPs) and poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT–PSS) is obtained from a simple mechanical mixture of Si NPs powder and aqueous PEDOT–PSS solution. Employing this composite film as a counter electrode, dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) exhibits an efficiency of 5.7% and a fill factor of 0.51, which are much higher than these of DSSC using pristine PEDOT–PSS electrode (2.9% and 0.25, respectively). The improvements in the photovoltaic performance of the former are primarily derived from improved electrocatalytic performance of the electrode, as evidenced by electrochemical measurements, the composite electrode has lower impedance and higher electrocatalytic activity when in comparison with pristine PEDOT–PSS electrode. These improvements are primarily deriving from the increased electrochemical surface by the addition of Si NPs. The characteristics of Si NPs/PEDOT–PSS composite counter electrode reveal its potential for the use of low-cost and stable Pt-free counter electrode materials. In addition, the results achieved in this work also provide a facile and efficient approach to improve the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs using PEDOT–PSS electrodes.

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Shih, P. T., R. X. Dong, K. C. Ho, and J. J. Lin. "Transparent Graphene-Platinum Films for Advancing the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." MRS Proceedings 1549 (2013): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.1031.

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ABSTRACTTransparent films of platinum nanoparticles on graphene nanohybrids were synthesized in a two-step process. Reduction of homogeneously dispersed Pt precursor and graphene in water and solution coating/annealing afforded thin films with high catalytic performance as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The requisite dispersant consisting of poly(oxyethylene)-(POE) segments and cyclic imide functionalities allowed the in-situ reduction of dihydrogen hexachloroplatinate by ethanol and the formation of nanohybrids of graphene-supported Pt nanoparticles at 4.0 nm diameter. Characterizations of polymeric dispersants by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and nanohybrids by transmission electron microscope were performed. After screening various compositions of Pt/graphene, the nanohybrid film at the specific ratio of 5/1 by weight was fabricated into a counter electrode (CE) for DSSC by the solution casting method. The evaluation of cell performance demonstrated the most improved power conversion efficiency of 8.00%. This is significant achievement in comparison with 7.14% for the DSSC with the conventional platinum sputtered CE. Furthermore, the solution casting method allows the preparation of transparent CE films that are suitable for using as rear-illuminated DSSC. The approach was proven to be feasible by measuring the cell efficiency under rear light illumination. The power efficiency up to 7.01%, comparable to 8.00% by a normally front illumination, has been accomplished. In contrast, the rear illumination at merely 2.36% efficiency was obtained for the DSSC with sputtered platinum CE. Analyses of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectra were well correlated to the high efficiency of the performance caused by this nanohybrid film.

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Tripathi, Brijesh, Pankaj Yadav, and Manoj Kumar. "Effect of Varying Illumination and Temperature on Steady-State and Dynamic Parameters of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using AC Impedance Modeling." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/646407.

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The steady-state current-voltage curve and dynamic response of a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is mathematically modeled based on electrical equivalent circuit. The effect of temperature and illumination on the steady-state and dynamic parameters of dye-sensitized solar cells is studied. It is found that the dynamic resistance of DSSC decreases from 619.21 Ωto 90.34 Ωwith the increase in illumination level from 200 W/m2to 800 W/m2. A positive temperature coefficient of dynamic resistance is observed. The interfacial charge transfer and recombination losses at the oxide/dye/electrolyte interface are found to be the most influential factor on the overall conversion efficiency and included in the mathematical model. The saturation current of rectifying diode and saturation current of recombination diode are responsible for the transfer recombination losses and have major influence on the overall conversion efficiency.

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Yang, Ying, Jia Rui Cui, Peng Fei Yi, and Xue Yi Guo. "Effects of NiO/TiO₂ Mixed Nanoparticles on Quasi-Solid Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.51.

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In this work, a magnetic polymer electrolyte composed by agarose as polymer matrix, NMP as solvent and NiO/TiO2mixed nanoparticles as modifier was investigated and employed in the solid-sate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The influence of NiO/TiO2mixed nanoparticles on the morphology and ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte was studied by SEM and electrochemical impedance spectra. From SEM analysis, the mixing of NiO with TiO2nanoparticle in polymer electrolyte leads to smooth surface of the polymer electrolyte films. The polymer electrolyte modified by mixed nanoparticles with NiO: TiO2ratio of 1:4 shows the maximum ionic conductivity of 6.64×10-3S·cm-1. From photovoltaic performance study, the increase of NiO: TiO2ratio in polymer electrolyte leads to an improvement in light-to-electric conversion efficiency. The optimal photoelectric efficiency is achieved at NiO: TiO2ratio of 1: 4. Besides, after treatment under an external magnetic field, the DSSC modified with NiO: TiO2ratio of 1: 4 exhibits a better photovoltaic performance than that of DSSC without magnetic field treatment.

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Bogdanowicz, Krzysztof Artur, Dariusz Augustowski, Justyna Dziedzic, Paweł Kwaśnicki, Wacław Malej, and Agnieszka Iwan. "Preparation and Characterization of Novel Polymer-Based Gel Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) or poly(dimethylsiloxane) bis(3-aminopropyl) Copolymers." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122721.

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Polymer gel electrolytes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (PAB) or poly(dimethylsiloxane) bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated (PDES-bAP) copolymers were prepared and investigated in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Selected optical and electrochemical properties of all compositions with various ratio from 9:1 to 6:4 were investigated towards DSSC applications. The highest value of power conversion efficiency equal to 5.07% was found for DSSCs containing a PVDF-HPF:PAB (9:1) gel electrolyte. Compositions of electrolytes were additionally tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The influence of the ratio and type of polymers used as an additive to PVDF-HPF on absorption wavelengths, energy gap, and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) levels were investigated. Individual components of DSSCs, such as the TiO2 layer and platinum nanoparticles, were imaged by scanning electron microscope. Finally, a DSSC module with six electrically separated solar cells with a 7 × 80 mm2 active area was constructed based on gel electrolytes and tested.

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Kusumawati, Nita, Pirim Setiarso, Agus Budi Santoso, Supari Muslim, Qurrota A'yun, and Marinda Mayliansarisyah Putri. "Characterization of Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) Nanofiber-Based Electrolyte and Its Application to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell with Natural Dyes." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 23, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.75357.

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The potential of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) as an alternative to depleting fossil fuels has been investigated. To optimize performance and efficiency, the effectiveness of PVDF and PVDF nanofiber (NF) membrane-based electrolytes in suppressing solvent leakage and evaporation in liquid electrolyte systems was evaluated. SEM results for PVDF NF membranes showed the formation of a network with a three-dimensional structure with a diameter of 100–300 nm and an average thickness of 0.14 mm. The Infrared (IR) spectrum shows the electrolyte and polymer-PVDF interactions. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curve shows the melting transition of PVDF NF 7.66% lower than PVDF. Efficiency and resistance of DSSC based on natural dyes as measured by multimeter and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) at a solar intensity of 100 mW/cm2 showed the highest efficiency of anthocyanin-based DSSC from telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) flower extract. Its use as a photosensitizer in an electrolyte system based on PVDF NF membranes resulted in an efficiency that was not significantly different from that of liquid electrolytes (1.69%).

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Zulkifli, Aimi Mahirah, Nur Izzah Aqilah Mat Said, Shujahadeen Bakr Aziz, Elham Mohammed Ali Dannoun, Shameer Hisham, Shahan Shah, Amnani Abu Bakar, et al. "Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Assembled from Modified Chitosan-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes Incorporated with Potassium Iodide." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 9, 2020): 4115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184115.

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In the present work, phthaloyl chitosan (PhCh)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) were prepared using dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent, ethyl carbonate (EC) as a co-solvent, and a set of five quaternaries of potassium iodide (KI) as a doping salt, which is a mixed composition of iodine (I2). The prepared GPEs were applied to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) to observe the effectiveness of the electrolyte, using mesoporous TiO2, which was sensitized with N3 dye as the sensitizer. The incorporation of the potassium iodide-based redox couple in a polymer electrolyte is fabricated for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The number of compositions was based on the chemical equation, which is 1:1 for KI:I2. The electrical performance of prepared GPE systems have been assessed using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and dielectric permittivity. The improvement in the ionic conductivity of PhCh-based GPE was observed with the rise of salt concentration, and the maximum ionic conductivity (4.94 × 10−2 S cm−1) was achieved for the 0.0012 mol of KI:I2. The study of dielectric permittivity displays that ions with a high dielectric constant are associated with a high concentration of added ions. Furthermore, the gel polymer electrolyte samples were applied to DSSCs to detect the conversion effectiveness of the electrolytes. For electrolytes containing various content of KI:I2 the highest conversion efficiency (η%) of DSSC obtained was 3.57% with a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 20.33 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.37 V, fill factor (FF) of 0.47, as well as a conductivity of 2.08 × 10−2 S cm−1.

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Singh, Lakshmi K., Tado Karlo, and Arvind Pandey. "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Study on DSSC Sensitized with Begonia malabarica Lam." Materials Science Forum 771 (October 2013): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.771.133.

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Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic studies of dye sensitized solar cells fabricated using Begonia malabarica Lam. as sensitizer has been carried out. Various electrochemical parameters such as charge transport resistance at the TiO2/dye/electrolyte interface, recombination resistance, chemical capacitance, transient diffusion coefficient, diffusion length and time constant, were calculated using Diffusion-recombination transmission line model. The evaluation of these parameters provides the underlying charge transport mechanism for the present cell. The reported cell has an efficiency of 1.74 % and fill factor of 45%.

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Aprilia, Annisa, Fitri Yuliasari, R. E. Siregar, Norman Syakir, Ayi Bahtiar, Lusi Safriani, Sahrul Hidayat, Iip Hanipah, and Fitrilawati Fitrilawati. "Study of Single Diode Model of DSSC Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide as Counter Electrode." POSITRON 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/positron.v12i2.54272.

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We studied the characteristic of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as a counter electrode (CE) in Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using single diode model equation based on current density-voltage (J-V) measurement. The electrical characteristics of DSSC was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in order to knowing the catalytic properties of RGO as counter electrode. The RGO thin film as CE was deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate and stacked with FTO/TiO2/ruthenium dye/mosalyte/RGO/FTO DSSC structure. The RGO film was obtained from GO (graphene oxide) film that was thermally reduced at 200°C for one hour under argon flow. The performance of DSSC with RGO as CE was characterized by current-voltage measurement and the interface between each layer was observed by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The device efficiency (η) of DSSC that used GO and RGO film as CE are 0.09% and 3.43%, respectively. DSSC parameters such as series resistance (RS) shunt resistance (RSH), and ideality factor (n) were obtained from J-V curve which analyzed using single diode model equation. All samples have a Rs value of 2 indicates that all devices have a good ohmic contact. The RSH of device using RGO-1mg/ml is increase (from 2850 to 3670 Ω.cm2) compared with GO indicate that thermal reduction is successes. The RGO film shows a comparable performance to Pt-conventional CE thus it is a good candidate as alternative of DSSC counter electrode.

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Lee, Chia-Chun, Tzu-Ming Huang, I.-Chun Cheng, Cheng-Che Hsu, and Jian-Zhang Chen. "Time Evolution Characterization of Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ)-Synthesized Pt-SnOx Catalysts." Metals 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8090690.

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We characterize the time evolution (≤120 s) of atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ)-synthesized Pt-SnOx catalysts. A mixture precursor solution consisting of chloroplatinic acid and tin(II) chloride is spin-coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates, following which APPJ is used for converting the spin-coated precursors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates the conversion of a large portion of metallic Pt and a small portion of metallic Sn (most Sn is in oxidation states) from the precursors with 120 s APPJ processing. The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) efficiency with APPJ-synthesized Pt-SnOx CEs is improved greatly with only 5 s of APPJ processing. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel experiments confirm the catalytic activities of Pt-SnOx catalysts. The DSSC performance can be improved with a short APPJ processing time, suggesting that a DC-pulse nitrogen APPJ can be an efficient tool for rapidly synthesizing catalytic Pt-SnOx counter electrodes (CEs) for DSSCs.

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Cruz, Hugo, Ana Lucia Pinto, Noémi Jordão, Luísa A. Neves, and Luís C. Branco. "Alkali Iodide Deep Eutectic Solvents as Alternative Electrolytes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 2 (April 6, 2021): 222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem2020013.

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Different alkali deep eutectic solvents (DES), such as LiI:nEG, NaI:nEG, and KI:nEG, have been tested as electrolytes for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These DSSCs were prepared using pure DES or, alternatively, DES combined with different amounts of iodine (I2). The most important parameters, such as open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), and the overall conversion efficiency (η), were evaluated. Some DES seem to be promising candidates for DSSC applications, since they present higher VOC (up to 140 mV), similar FF values but less current density values, when compared with a reference electrolyte in the same experimental conditions. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been performed to elucidate the charge transfer and transport processes that occur in DSSCs. The values of different resistance (Ω·cm2) phenomena and recombination/relaxation time (s) for each process have been calculated. The best-performance was obtained for DES-based electrolyte, KI:EG (containing 0.5 mol% I2) showing an efficiency of 2.3%. The efficiency of this DES-based electrolyte is comparable to other literature systems, but the device stability is higher (only after seven months the performance of the device drop to 60%).

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Kim, Hyun Ju, Dong Yoon Lee, Bo Kun Koo, Won Jae Lee, and Jae Sung Song. "Preparation and Characterization of Pt Counter Electrode with Buffer Layer for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Solid State Phenomena 119 (January 2007): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.119.283.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is of great interest as one of renewable energy sources. So far, many investigations related to TiO2 electrode, dye, electrolyte, Pt counter electrode, etc. were carried out. Here, we focus on Pt counter electrode for providing an enhanced catalytic property and physical stability. Pt has high-conductivity and superior catalytic properties. However, in case of Pt as counter electrode for DSSC, there exists partial problem due to poor adhesion between Pt and FTO glass. In this work, we tried to enhance the properties of Pt catalyst by two methods; first, the insertion of buffer layer under Pt thin film; second, the heat treatment of Pt films. We report the effect of buffer layer using Cr and Ti and the effect of heat treatment on Pt electrode under 400oC. Electrochemical characteristics of Pt electrodes were measured using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic-voltammetry. A degree of electrode reaction, current density, electrode potential and interface resistance, etc were discussed with measured electrochemical data. In comparison with sputtered Pt counter electrode with and without buffer layers, heat-treated Pt counter electrode showed good performance in terms of the current density and interface resistance properties.

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Guo, Xue Yi, Peng Fei Yi, Wei Jia Wang, Si Xiao, and Ying Yang. "Effects of Polyethylene Glycol on Agarose-Based Magnetic Polymer Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 860–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.860.

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In order to enhance the dispersion property of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in Agarose-based magnetic polymer electrolytes for Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC), PEG200 was choosen to modify the magnetic polymer electrolytes. The electrochemical properties of polymer electrolytes with different content of PEG200 were studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the electrolyte has an optimal conductivity of 2.88×10-3 Scm-1 when the mass fraction of PEG200 is 61.8wt% of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the electrolyte. The electron lifetime of electron charges in photoanode increased and then decreased when the concentration of PEG200 increased. At the concentration of PEG200 of 68.3wt%, the cell reached the largest electron lifetime.

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Theerthagiri, J., R. A. Senthil, K. Susmitha, M. Raghavender, and J. Madhavan. "Synthesis of Efficient Ni_0.9X_0.1Se₂ (X=Cd, Co, Sn and Zn) Based Ternary Selenides for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 832 (November 2015): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.832.61.

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A low-cost platinum (Pt) free electrocatalyst of NiSe2 and Ni0.9X0.1Se2 (X=Cd, Co, Sn and Zn) have been developed by hydrothermal reduction route and utilized as counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The purity, phase formation and morphology of the sample were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic activity of the synthesized selenides for the reduction of I3- to I- was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Ni0.9Zn0.1Se2 CE exhibited lower internal resistance and higher electrocatalytic activity than the other ternary metal selenides and this may be due to an increase in the electrocatalytic active sites on the surface of Ni0.9Zn0.1Se2. As a result, the DSSC fabricated with Ni0.9Sn0.1Se2 CE achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 4.20% under an illumination of 100 mW/cm2, which is comparable to that of DSSC with Pt CE (6.11%). These results demonstrate the potential application of Ni0.9Zn0.1Se2 as an alternative CE to replace expensive Pt in DSSCs. This study can be further extended for the development of new metal selenides based CE electrocatalysts with high activity for the DSSCs.

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Ketama, Nathakreat, Wirat Jarernboon, and Winadda Wongwiriyapan. "Carbon Nanotube/Manganese Oxide Thin Film Composites-Based Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 269–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.269.

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Manganese oxide thin film sandwiched between carbon nanotubes thin films-coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO/CNT/MnOx/CNT) was used as a counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) for performance improvement. The multi-layer electrodes were fabricated by sequential process comprising doctor-blade coating of CNT layer and the following electroplating coating of MnOx layer and subsequent doctor-blade coating of CNT layer once again. The multi-layered counter electrode of CNT/MnOx/CNT exhibited the improved conversion efficiency and a fill factor of 2.01±0.01% and a fill factor of 0.55±0.01, respectively, due to an increase in capacitance of the electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) show that the capacitance of multi-layered CNT/MnOx/CNT electrode increased from 22±3 mF to 41±2 mF comparing to that of a monolayer of CNT. Furthermore, EIS of FTO/CNT/MnOx/CNT-based DSSC shows the smallest radius of the semicircle with a charge transfer resistance of 42 Ω, implying a quick redox reaction between counter electrode and electrolyte. The improved fill factor is likely due to the role of MnOx that increases the capacitance of electrode and reduces electron transfer rate from counter electron to electrolyte.

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Fakharuddin, Azhar, Irfan Ahmed, Qamar Wali, Zulkefli Khalidin, Mashitah M. Yusoff, and Jose Rajan. "Probing Electron Lifetime and Recombination Dynamics in Large Area Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.553.

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A number of nanocrystalline, mesoporous large area (~0.2- 2 cm2) dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are probed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements to realize their carrier dynamics such as charge transport resistance (RCT), electron diffusion coefficient (Dη), and electron lifetime (τn) by applying an equivalent electrical model. The experimental upshots reveal that the electron lifetime relates with the device physical parameters which was neglected in previous studies. It is also found that the RCT relates negatively with the device area i.e. it decrease upon increasing photo-exposed area. The observed lowering of current density (JSC) over a series of experiments upon increasing the photoelectrode area is attributed to the decrease in RCT. The charge carriers upon injection into semiconductor layer find increased diffusion pathways and eventually recombine with the hole species when characterized by lower carrier lifetime. The thickness of the electrode film does not play an effective role indicating that the dynamics of larger area DSSCs differs largely from those of a single cell. The experimental results available indicate that a nearly complete collection of charge carriers is possible in large area modules provided the physical dimensions of photoelectrode area are considered. The results from the study hints future directions to build high efficiency DSSC modules and further asserts considering the diffusion length in two-dimensions while fabricating larger area cells.

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I Chowdhury, Faisal, Zabed Hossain M., M. H. Buraidah, A. K. Arof, Jahidul Islam, M. Rezaur Rahman, and Jamal Uddin. "Preparation and Characterization of Polymer based Electrolytes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Application." Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering 8, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 750–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.3254.2021.

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A gel-type polymer electrolyte (GPE) composite based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) conducting polymer plasticized with ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) doped by different compositions of tetrapentylammonium iodide (TPeAI) salt has been prepared and investigated. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) techniques have been used to characterize the prepared GPEs. From the EIS study, it has been observed that 30 wt % TPeAIcontaining GPE has the lowest bulk impedance, Rb (32 ohm) and highest room-temperature ionic conductivity (2.4910-3 S cm-1). The conductivity vs temperature diagram in the range of studied temperature studied follows the Arrhenius rule. The values of activation energies, (Ea) are observed to decrease with the increase of the percentage of TPeAI percentage with the lowest values (8.50105 J/mol) for 30% TPeAI containing GPE. From LSV graphs for the GPE systems, various parameters such as the limiting current density (Jlim), the apparent diffusion coefficient of triiodide ion () and exchange current density (J0) have been estimated. The most conducting GPE material shows the highest values of Jlim (3.95 mA.cm-2), (7.86×10-8cm2 s-1) and J0 (0.46 mA.cm-2). The GPEs will be suitable for application in Dye-sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC).

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Chen, Lung-Chuan, Shuei-Feng Tsai, Jean-Hong Chen, and Gaun-Wen Wang. "Preparation of Vertically Aligned ZnO/TiO2Core-Shell Composites for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/417964.

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Vertically aligned ZnO/TiO2(VA-ZnO/TiO2) core-shell composites deposited on ZnO-seeded indium tin oxide (ITO) glasses have been synthesized by a chemical bath deposition approach for growing one-dimensional ZnO structure followed by a spin procedure for coating TiO2on the surface of ZnO structure. The influences of the cycles of spin coating of TiO2(CSCT) on the properties of VA-ZnO/TiO2and performances of the assembled DSSCs were studied. The power conversion efficiency of the VA-ZnO/TiO2-based DSSC measured under illumination of 100 mW/cm2and AM 1.5 can reach 0.81%, representing 93% improvement when compared with that of the pristine VA-ZnO electrode (0.42%). The intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were applied to study the kinetics and interfacial transfer of the photogenerated electrons. Both the photocurrent and power conversion efficiency correlate well with the steady state electron density. Enlargement in surface area and dye adsorption, suppression of dissolution of Zn2+, diminishment in electron recombination, and fast transfer of injected electrons from excited dyes to TiO2conduction bands arising from coating TiO2on VA-ZnO are regarded as the predominant causes for this improvement.

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Subbaiyan, Navaneetha K., and Francis D'Souza. "Studies of a supramolecular photoelectrochemical cell using magnesium tetraphenylporphyrin as photosensitizer." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 17, no. 08n09 (August 2013): 733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424613500156.

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Magnesium tetrapyrrole, the natural choice of metal tetrapyrrole in photosynthesis, as a photosensitizer in dye sensitized solar cell applications is performed by constructing solar cells using metal-ligand axial coordination approach on TiO 2 surface modified with 4-carboxyphenyl imidazole and compared with cells constructed using traditionally used zinc porphyrin as sensitizer. Studies involving optical absorption, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence, and differential pulse voltammetry, suggested that the employed magnesium tetraphenylporphyrin (MgTPP) to be a better photosentizer compared to zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) for dye sensitized solar cell applications under the employed self-assembly conditions. Consequently, the constructed solar cells using MgTPP outperformed the cells constructed using ZnTPP in all aspects. That is, the open circuit potential, short circuit current, fill-factor, incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency, and overall efficiency of the solar cell were found to be better for the cells built using MgTPP photosensitizer. In order to further improve the performance of the solar cells, efforts were made to increase the fill-facotor by adding polar acetonitrile to the mediator solvent media made out of dichlorobenzene. Moderate additions of acetonitrile improved the performance of the solar cells. However, the performance of DSSC constructed using pure acetonitrile was poor due to acetonitrile competatively binding to MgTPP instead of imidazolde on the TiO 2 surface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies suggested that the significant decrease in the resistance at platinum electrolyte interface facilitating better iodide/iodine mediation and dye regeneration are main contributing factors for this improved cell performance.

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Selvanathan, Vidhya, Rosiyah Yahya, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Nowshad Amin, Majid Nour, Hatem Sindi, Muhyaddin Rawa, and Md Akhtaruzzaman. "Organosoluble Starch-Cellulose Binary Polymer Blend as a Quasi-Solid Electrolyte in a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Polymers 12, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030516.

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This work is a pioneer attempt to fabricate quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cell (QSDDSC) based on organosoluble starch derivative. Rheological characterizations of the PhSt-HEC blend based gels exhibited viscoelastic properties favorable for electrolyte fabrication. From amplitude sweep and tack test analyses, it was evident that the inclusion of LiI improved the rigidity and tack property of the gels. On the other hand, the opposite was true for TPAI based gels, which resulted in less rigid and tacky electrolytes. The crystallinity of the gels was found to decline with increasing amount of salt in both systems. The highest photoconversion efficiency of 3.94% was recorded upon addition of 12.5 wt % TPAI and this value is one of the highest DSSC performance recorded for starch based electrolytes. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), it is deduced that the steric hindrance imposed by bulky cations aids in hindering recombination between photoanode and electrolyte.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Solar cell, dye, DSSC, impedance'

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