Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solanum tuberosum L'
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Batty, N. P. "Anther cultivation of Solanum tuberosum L." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377711.
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Sadia, Bushra. "Genetic manipulation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395711.
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Turhan, Hakan. "Salinity studies in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363437.
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Boutaoui, Nadia. "Spontaneous genetic transfer in Solanum tuberosum L." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430840.
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Fish, Neil William. "Somatic hybridisation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47062.
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Habib, Ahsan. "Microtuberization and dormancy breaking in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50781.pdf.
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Lewis, Christine Elaine. "Anthocyanins and related compounds in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Plant and Microbial Sciences, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6549.
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Coloured potatoes may have economic value as natural food colourants and as food products such as novelty potato crisps and coloured potato salads. This thesis investigated the biochemistry and physiology of anthocyanins and related compounds in Solanum tuberosum L., and the relationship to tuber colour. These factors were discussed in terms of consumer requirements.
Phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins were surveyed and quantified in the tubers (skin and flesh), flowers and leaves of twenty nine cultivars of S. tuberosum and eight other Solanum species (S. acaule, S. berthaultii, S. gourlayi, S. oplocense, S. sanctaerosae, S. spars/pilum, S. speggazzinii, S. stenotomum). The main anthocyanin found in red tubers was pelargonidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-rutinoside)-5-glucoside (200-2000μg/gFW) with lower amounts of peonidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-rutinoside)-5-glucoside (20-400μg/gFW), Light to medium pmple coloured tubers contained mostly petunidin-3- (p-coumaroyl-rutinoside)-5-glucoside (400-2000μg/gFW) pills low concentrations of malvidin-3-(p-coumaroyl- rutinoside)-5-glucoside (20-200μg/gFW), whilst dark purple black coloured tubers contained a similar concentration of petunidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-rutinoside)-5-glucoside (1000-2000μg/gFW) to the light to medium purple tubers, but with high concentrations of malvidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-rutinoside)-5-glucoside (2000- 5000μg/gFW). Red and purple tubers also contained a number of minor anthocyanins, with the same aglycones as above, but mostly as the 3-rutinosides. Tubers contained high concentrations of phenolic acids (2000-5000μg/gFW), with chlorogenic acid making up 60-90%. Apart from the anthocyanins, there were low concentrations of other flavonoids (200-300μg/gFW). The major anthocyanin present in the flowers was petunidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-rutinoside)-5-glucoside. Flowers and leaves contained higher concentrations of flavonoids (1000-3000μg/gFW), the major flavonoids being quercetinglycosides. The flavonoid patterns of flowers and leaves fell into two different categories with some cultivars containing high concentrations of quercetin-glycosides, whilst others contained low concentrations.
Tubers of the other available Solanum species did not show the range of colours shown by S. tuberosum cultivars, and were mostly white or light purple, with petunidin-3-(pcoumaroyl-rutinoside)-5-glucoside being the major anthocyanin (when present) in the skin of tubers of the other Solanum species. The major anthocyanin in flowers of the other Solanum species was petunidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-rutinoside)-5-glucoside, with levels similar to those found in S. tuberosum flowers. Low levels of anthocyanin were found in the leaves of the other Solanum species whereas in S. tuberosum no anthocyanins were found in the leaves. There was considerable variation among plants and species in both phenolic acid and flavonoid concentrations, but generally a similar pattern was found in the other Solanum species as in S. tuberosum cultivars, except that S. tuberosum flowers contained lower concentrations of total phenolic acids and flavonoids on average, and tubers and leaves contained high concentrations of flavonoids.
The expression of different pathways appeared to depend on the species, plant tissue and environmental factors. Diseased tubers contained higher concentrations of phenolic acids, flavanones and flavonols than healthy tubers, and some flavonols which were not present in healthy tubers were produced in diseased tubers. There was differential expression of anthocyanins, flavonoids and phenolic acids in the different parts of the plant (tubers, flowers and leaves). These compounds also responded differently to light, with anthocyanins showing a large increase, flavonoids a smaller increase, and phenolic acids no change in concentration, in minitubers after indirect exposure to light.
The biosynthesis of anthocyanins in tubers was investigated throughout tuber development and during storage. Newly initiated tubers contained no anthocyanin, and subsequent production of colour occurred firstly at the stem end of the developing tuber, and then proceeded to the bud end. Anthocyanin concentrations increased throughout the development of the tuber, reaching a maximum at a tuber size which was dependent on the cultivar (about 150-200g for Desiree). Concentrations were higher at the stem end of the tuber than the bud end for most of tuber development although, as the maximum anthocyanin concentration was reached, the distribution of anthocyanin over the tuber became more uniform. This suggested that the transport of some compound (carbohydrate or "trigger”) was responsible for the initiation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Concentration of other flavonoids also increased and followed a similar pattern to that of the anthocyanins, with maximum concentrations occurring in Desiree tubers about 150-200g. Phenolic acid concentrations also increased during tuber development, although these reached a maximum concentration in slightly smaller tubers (about 70-100g).
Microscopical studies of anthocyanin-containing cells showed that the difference in colour intensities of the different cultivars was because of differences in the amount of anthocyanin produced in individual cortex cells, in the proportion of cortical cells within a layer producing anthocyanin, and the number of layers of coloured cells. Totally white tubers did not contain any anthocyanin coloured cells, whilst more highly coloured tubers contained a greater number of more highly coloured cells in these layers. Additionally, the strongly coloured tubers had increased amounts of anthocyanin present in the phellem cells and intense1y coloured deposits of anthocyanin around the cell walls of these cells.
Cold storage (4°C) of tubers caused an increased concentration of anthocyanins, especially at the bud end of the tuber, so that the distribution pattern of anthocyanins was reversed from that found in developing tubers. Storage at higher temperatures (10°C and above) caused a decrease in anthocyanin concentration. These changes in anthocyanin concentration were thought to be related to sprouting and also the sugar concentration within the tuber. Cooking (boiling, steaming or crisping) of tubers (until they were ready to eat) did not result in any significant loss in anthocyanin colour, although after two to three times the normal cooking time some loss of anthocyanin colour occurred.
Anthocyanin colour may have been affected by the high concentration of starch or sugars found in tubers. Addition of amylose, amylopectin, α-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin to anthocyanin solutions caused a decrease in anthocyanin colour, whilst the addition of sugars (glucose, sucrose and maltose) resulted in increased anthocyanin colour.
Tissue-cultured minitubers were used to investigate the effects of light on anthocyanin biosynthesis. Although anthocyanins were produced in the dark in field grown tubers, the presence of light on the plant leaves was necessary for anthocyanin production in some cultivars. Anthocyanin concentration increased with increased light intensities in all cultivars studied (to a maximum of about 3.2ng/cm² of surface area in Desirée minitubers), and the activities of enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol reductase and glycosyltransferase) showed related increases. Biosynthesis of anthocyanins was a high irradianceresponse and required at least eight hours of exposure to light for a significant increase in anthocyanin concentration to occur, after which anthocyanin concentration (to a similar maximum concentration) increased linearly with increasing time of exposure. Both phytochrome and cryptochrome light receptors were thought to be involved because light of blue, red and purple wavelengths enhanced anthocyanin production, compared with white light of similar intensity.
The regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato tubers is different from most other plants and tissues because direct light exposure of the tuber is not necessary for anthocyanin production. However, for maximum anthocyanin synthesis the exposure of the plant leaves to light is required. It is proposed that this synthesis of anthocyanins intubers in the dark requires genetic capability of the tubers, a supply of carbohydrates, and is mediated by a "trigger" compound produced after the exposure of the leaves to light and transported to the tubers.
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Gomes, Jaime Alberti. "Desempenho operacional de colhedoras de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.)." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257315.
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Orientador : Antonio Jose da Silva MacielDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Fernandes, Adalton Mazetti [UNESP]. "Adubação fosfatada em cultivares de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99996.
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fernandes_am_dr_botfca.pdf: 1433211 bytes, checksum: 431337c96b27c99b406474773f307273 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A batateira (Solanum tuberosum L.) é uma importante fonte de alimento e normalmente altas doses de fertilizantes fosfatados são utilizadas no seu cultivo. Uma opção para reduzir a quantidade de fertilizantes fosfatados aplicados na cultura é a utilização de cultivares com maior eficiência na absorção e utilização de fósforo (P). O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar em casa de vegetação cultivares atuais de batata quanto à capacidade de absorção e utilização de P, quando submetidas a condições distintas de disponibilidade, procurando relacioná-las a parâmetros fisiológicos de absorção, parâmetros morfológicos de raízes e a eficiência de utilização deste nutriente. Além disso, buscou-se estabelecer curvas de resposta à adubação fosfatada na cultura da batata em solos com diferentes disponibilidades de P e, com isso, propor a possível redução das doses de P tradicionalmente utilizadas, especialmente, em solos com altos teores de P disponível. Foram realizados experimentos independentes, um em solução nutritiva em casa de vegetação e quatro experimentos em campo em área produtora de batata, sendo três em 2011 e um em 2012. Em casa de vegetação, o delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 5x2, composto por cinco cultivares de batata (Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies e Mondial) e duas concentrações de P nas soluções nutritivas de crescimento (insuficiente = 2 mg L-1 de P; suficiente = 31 mg L-1 de P), em cinco repetições. Em 2011, os experimentos de campo foram conduzidos no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 5x5, composto por cinco cultivares de batata e cinco doses de P (0, 125, 250, 500 e 1.000 kg ha-1 de P2O5). Em 2012, o delineamento experimental foi o mesmo do ano anterior, mas no esquema fatorial 2x5, ou seja, com apenas duas...
Potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important source of food and there are usually used high rates of phosphate fertilizers in their growing season. One option to reduce the amount of phosphate fertilizers applied in this crop is by using cultivars with higher efficiency in phosphorus (P) uptake and use. The aim of this study was to compare in a greenhouse experiment, potato cultivars when considering the capacity of P uptake and use, when submitted to different conditions of P availability, and try to relate these characteristics to physiological parameters of uptake, morphological parameters of roots and P use efficiency. Furthermore, we sought to establish in field, response curves of phosphorus fertilization in potato crop in soils with different P availability and then, establish the possible reduction of P rates, typically used, especially in soils with higher P availability. Separated experiments were conducted: one by using nutritive solution in greenhouse and four experiments in field in potato production area, i.e. three in 2011 and one in 2012. The experimental design in the greenhouse experiment was randomized blocks in a 5x2 factorial arrangement with five potato cultivars (Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies and Mondial) and two rates of P supply on nutrient solutions (insufficient = 2 mg L-1 P; enough = 31 mg L-1 P), with five replications. In 2011, field experiments were conducted in a randomized block design in a 5x5 factorial arrangement, with five potato cultivars and five P rates (0, 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 kg ha-1 P2O5). In 2012, the experimental design was the same of previous year, but in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, i.e. with only two potato cultivars (Ágata and Mondial). Was concluded which the potato cultivars differ with respect to P uptake due to differences in morphological and physiological characteristics of root... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Fernandes, Adalton Mazetti. "Adubação fosfatada em cultivares de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) /." Botucatu :, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99996.
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Orientador: Rogério Peres SorattoBanca: Leonardo Theodoro Bull
Banca: Arthur Bernandes Cecilio Filho
Banca: José Lavres Junior
Banca: Ciro Antonio Rosolem
Resumo: A batateira (Solanum tuberosum L.) é uma importante fonte de alimento e normalmente altas doses de fertilizantes fosfatados são utilizadas no seu cultivo. Uma opção para reduzir a quantidade de fertilizantes fosfatados aplicados na cultura é a utilização de cultivares com maior eficiência na absorção e utilização de fósforo (P). O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar em casa de vegetação cultivares atuais de batata quanto à capacidade de absorção e utilização de P, quando submetidas a condições distintas de disponibilidade, procurando relacioná-las a parâmetros fisiológicos de absorção, parâmetros morfológicos de raízes e a eficiência de utilização deste nutriente. Além disso, buscou-se estabelecer curvas de resposta à adubação fosfatada na cultura da batata em solos com diferentes disponibilidades de P e, com isso, propor a possível redução das doses de P tradicionalmente utilizadas, especialmente, em solos com altos teores de P disponível. Foram realizados experimentos independentes, um em solução nutritiva em casa de vegetação e quatro experimentos em campo em área produtora de batata, sendo três em 2011 e um em 2012. Em casa de vegetação, o delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 5x2, composto por cinco cultivares de batata (Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies e Mondial) e duas concentrações de P nas soluções nutritivas de crescimento (insuficiente = 2 mg L-1 de P; suficiente = 31 mg L-1 de P), em cinco repetições. Em 2011, os experimentos de campo foram conduzidos no delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 5x5, composto por cinco cultivares de batata e cinco doses de P (0, 125, 250, 500 e 1.000 kg ha-1 de P2O5). Em 2012, o delineamento experimental foi o mesmo do ano anterior, mas no esquema fatorial 2x5, ou seja, com apenas duas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) is an important source of food and there are usually used high rates of phosphate fertilizers in their growing season. One option to reduce the amount of phosphate fertilizers applied in this crop is by using cultivars with higher efficiency in phosphorus (P) uptake and use. The aim of this study was to compare in a greenhouse experiment, potato cultivars when considering the capacity of P uptake and use, when submitted to different conditions of P availability, and try to relate these characteristics to physiological parameters of uptake, morphological parameters of roots and P use efficiency. Furthermore, we sought to establish in field, response curves of phosphorus fertilization in potato crop in soils with different P availability and then, establish the possible reduction of P rates, typically used, especially in soils with higher P availability. Separated experiments were conducted: one by using nutritive solution in greenhouse and four experiments in field in potato production area, i.e. three in 2011 and one in 2012. The experimental design in the greenhouse experiment was randomized blocks in a 5x2 factorial arrangement with five potato cultivars (Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies and Mondial) and two rates of P supply on nutrient solutions (insufficient = 2 mg L-1 P; enough = 31 mg L-1 P), with five replications. In 2011, field experiments were conducted in a randomized block design in a 5x5 factorial arrangement, with five potato cultivars and five P rates (0, 125, 250, 500 and 1,000 kg ha-1 P2O5). In 2012, the experimental design was the same of previous year, but in a 2x5 factorial arrangement, i.e. with only two potato cultivars (Ágata and Mondial). Was concluded which the potato cultivars differ with respect to P uptake due to differences in morphological and physiological characteristics of root... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Aulakh, Sukhwinder Singh. "Characterization of activation tagged potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) mutants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77231.
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Generation and characterization of activation tagged potato mutants could aid in functional genomic studies. Morphological and molecular studies were conducted to compare potato cv. Bintje, its two mutants, underperformer (up), and nikku generated using the activation tagging vector pSKI074, and nikku revertant plants. Mutant up exhibited a dwarf phenotype (plant height 42 cm vs. 73 cm in cv. Bintje), abundant axillary shoot growth (3.1 shoots/plant compared to 0.7 shoots/plant in cv. Bintje; in vitro plants), greater tuber yield, altered tuber traits and early senescence compared to wild-type Bintje under in vitro conditions. Under in vivo conditions, the dwarf and early senescence phenotypes of the mutant were consistent, but the tuber yield of up was less (250 g/plant compared to 610 g/plant in wild-type Bintje) and had fewer axillary shoots compared to wild-type (1.9 shoots/plant in up vs. 4.7 shoots/plant in Bintje). Mutant nikku plants exhibited an extremely dwarf phenotype (plant height 2 cm in nikku vs. 6 cm in Bintje), had small hyponastic leaves, were rootless, and infrequently produced small tubers when compared to cv. Bintje. The overall nikku phenotype was suggestive of a constitutive stress response, which was further supported by the higher expression levels of several stress-responsive genes in nikku. The nikku revertant plants exhibited near normal stem elongation, larger leaves and consistent rooting, and it was a case of partial reversion. Southern blot analyses indicated the presence of single T-DNA insertions on chromosome 10 in the up and on chromosome 12 in the nikku mutant. The reversion in the nikku plants was not associated with the loss of enhancer copies from the original nikku mutant. Reverse transcriptase PCR analyses indicated transcriptional activation/repression of several genes in the up and nikku mutants, suggesting pleiotropic effects. In revertant, the expression levels of several genes which were differentially regulated in the nikku mutant were similar to Bintje. The gene immediately flanking the right border of the T-DNA insertion, which encoded a novel BTB/POZ (Broad complex, Tramtrac, Bric a brac; also known as Pox virus and Zinc finger) domain-containing protein, was highly up-regulated in the up mutant. This protein domain plays an important role in several important developmental, transcriptional and regulatory pathways. The mRNA-seq analyses resulted in 1,632 genes that were differentially expressed between mutant up and Bintje and the total number of up-regulated genes (661) were less than the number of genes down-regulated (971 genes) in the up mutant. Further analyses indicated that a variety of biological processes including decreased cell division, cell cycle activity, and abiotic stress responses were modified in the up mutant. In the nikku mutant, two potato genes, encoding an Acyl-CoA N-acyltransferases (NAT) superfamily protein, and a predicted major facilitator superfamily protein (MFS) were identified and overexpression lines Bintje/35S::NAT1 and Bintje/35S::PMT1 were created for recapitulation of the nikku mutant phenotype. Methylated DNA-PCR between the nikku and the revertant indicated a change in methylation status of the 35S enhancers, suggesting that the nikku revertant phenotype may be associated with some epigenetic modification.Ph. D.
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Phelpstead, James St John. "Transformation and somatic hybridization in dihaploid Solanum tuberosum L. and wild Solanum species." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335552.
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Barnard, Ruben. "Verbeterde metodes vir miniknol produksie by aartappels (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52606.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Potatoes is the fourth most important food source in the world. To provide in the ever increasing demand by the growing world population for this staple food, alternative ways will have to be found to produce a cheaper and a healthier end product. The tubers mainly consist of carbohydrates and starch, although 9% of the dry weight of the tubers consist of proteins. In its natural state the potato tuber is low in sodium and high in potassium and vitamin C. These proteins can provide in all the amino-acid requirements of humans and make it an outstanding balanced diet. The most important factor by which the production and quality of potatoes can be increased, is to provide better propagation material to producers. Minituber production is a relatively new method of producing better quality propagation material for producers. It is, however, very expensive because of the high capital investment needed. By producing more tubers per plant, or more tubers per square meter, the unit price per tuber may be lowered. The system commonly used for minituber production is where in vitro plants are planted in a greenhouse, usually in a vermiculite/peat mixture as medium. As in a hydroponic system, nutrients are added to the irrigation water. As possible strategy to increase the production of mini-tubers, the effect of nutrition was investigated. No significant differences were found in tuber production with small deviations in phosphorous and calcium nutrition. Researchers who reported significant differences in tuber production with nutrition, either corrected extreme shortages or induced it. By subjecting the root and tuber medium of potato plants to a pH-shock (nutrient solution with a pH of 3.5 for 10 hours), large amounts of tubers were initiated. A new production technique was developed where plants were grown in a hydroponic way without any root medium. In this way the right sized tubers could be removed without damaging the plant. Potato plants do not initiate tubers easily where stolons are not subjected to mechanical resistance. This problem was solved with the help of a pHshock, where significantly more tubers were formed per plant. The action of the pH-shock could be explained by a temporary inaccessibility of nutrients to the plant. Both calcium and magnesium absorpsion are hampered at a low pH, but calcium is also poorly translocated in the plant. Considering that a nutrient solution without calcium produced the same results as the pH-shock treatment in this study, one may make the assumption that an induced calcium shortage may be responsible for the low pH effect. The same effect may even be induced by giving the plants clean water for some time. Such a treatment was, however, not tested but should receive attention in further studies. The correct timing for a low pH-shock may need more research. A precise number of days after transplanting can not be prescribed since many factors such as light intensity, daylength and cultivar difference affect plant growth and tuber initiation. Environmental conditions, the physiological age and the biomass of the plant may affect the timing of the shock. A low pH-shock could not at any stage induce tubers in potato plants where unfavorable environmental conditions occurred. It seems as if the plants need to be ready for tuber initiation before the pH-shock can be successfully applied. By removing/harvesting the tubers at the required weight, the burden on the plant may be relieved enabling more tubers to form. It was experienced that the reproductive system of the potato plant is complex with a number of factors affecting it. The new production system has potential, but more developmental work is still needed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aartappels is die vierde belangrikste voedelsoort in die wereld, Om te kan voorsien aan die ewigdurende verhoogde vraag na hierdie stapelvoedel deur die groeiende wereld-bevolking, sal daar maniere gevind moet word om die eindproduk goedkoper en in 'n gesonder toestand op die mark te plaas. Die knolle bestaan hoofsaaklik uit koolhidrate en stysel, alhoewel 9% van die droe gewig van knolle uit proteiene bestaan. Die aartappelknol is in sy natuurlike toestand laag in natrium en hoog in kalium en vitamien C. Hierdie protei'ene kan in al die aminosuur-behoeftes van mense voorsien wat dit dus 'n uitstekende gebalanseerde dieet maak. Die belangrikste faktor waarmee die produksie en kwaliteit van aartappels verhoog kan word is om beter voortplantingsmateriaal aan produsente te verskaf. Miniknolproduksie is 'n relatief nuwe manier om gesonde en groeikragtige voortplantingsmateriaal vinnig by die produsente te kry. Dit is egter 'n duur metode omdat die kapitaal-investering groot is. Deur meer knoUe per plant, of meer knolle per vierkante meter te produseer kan die eenheidsprys per moer verlaag word. Die sisteem wat algemeen vir miniknolproduksie gebruik word is om in vitro plantjies in 'n kweekhuis, gewoonlik in 'n vermikulietldennebas mengsel te plant. Voedingstowwe word dan soos in 'n hidrokultuurstelsel saam met die besproeiingswater toegedien. As moontlike strategie om die produksie van miniknolle by aartappels te verhoog, is die invloed van voeding daarop ondersoek. Daar is gevind dat daar nie groot verskille in knolproduksie met klein afwykings in fosfaat- en kalsium-voeding veroorsaak is nie. Navorsers wat wel betekenisvolle verskille III knolproduksie met voedingsbehandelings verkry het, het ekstreme tekorte reggestel of gemduseer. Deur die wortel- en knolmedium van aartappelplante aan 'n pH-skok (voedingsoplossing met 'n pH van 3.5 vir 10 ure) bloot te stel, is daar gevind dat 'n groot hoeveelheid knolle geinisieer word. Verder is 'n nuwe produksietegniek ontwikkel waar die plante met 'n suiwer waterkultuur metode geproduseer word, sodat knolle wat oesgereed is verwyder kan word. Aartappelplante inisieer nie maklik knolle onder hierdie omstandighede waar stolons geen meganiese weerstand ervaar nie. Met behulp van die pH-skok het daar betekenisvol meer knolle per plant gevorm. Die werking van die pH-skok kan moontlik aan 'n tydelike ontoeganklikheid van voedingstowwe toegeskryf word. Beide kalsium en magnesium word moeilik by 'n lae pH opgeneem maar kalsium word boonop moeilik deur die plant getranslokeer. Aangesien 'n voedingsoplossing sonder enige kalsium dieselfde resultate as die pHskok gelewer het, lyk dit asof 'n geinduseerde kalsium-gebrek vir die lae pH effek verantwoordelik mag wees. Die skok kan makliker en veiliger toegepas word deur vir 'n tydperk net skoon water aan die plante te gee. So 'n behandeling is egter nie beproef nie maar behoort in opvolgwerk aandag te ontvang. Die optimum tyd waarop so 'n skok toegedien moet word is nog onduidelik. Daar kan nie op 'n eksakte aantal dae na uitplant gewerk word nie, aangesien daar te veel faktore soos ligintensieteit, daglengte en kultivar is wat plante se groei en knolinisiasie kan beinvloed, Omgewingstoestande, die fisiologiese ouderdom van die plant en die hoeveelheid biomassa wat gevorm het mag bepaal wanneer die plante geskok moet word. Waar ongunstige omgewingstoestande geheers het, kon 'n lae-pHskok op geen stadium knolinisiasie induseer nie. Dit wil voorkom asof die plant vir 'n knolinisiasie fase gereed moet wees voordat 'n lae-pH-skok doeltreffend is. Dit verhoog dan bloot die aantal knolle wat per plant ontwikkel. Deur die knolle op die verlangde grootte te pluk kan die las op die plante verlig word sodat meer knolle mag vorm. Daar is ervaar dat die reproduktiewe stelsel van die aartappelplant kompleks is en dat daar baie faktore is wat dit mag beinvloed. Die nuwe produksiestelsel toon potensiaal, alhoewel verdere ontwikkelingswerk nog nodig is.
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Johnson, Steven. "Biochemical studies on blackspot bruising in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3983/.
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Potatoes respond to mechanical stress by invoking a precisely controlled biochemical reaction leading to production of the pigment melanin. Predisposition to produce melanin is variety specific, this specificity being conveyed by a range of genetic, environmental and biochemical factors. A well characterised response of plant tissues to perturbation by biotic or abiotic stress factors is the rapid generation of oxygen based free radicals - active oxygen species (AOS). Due to their nature as high-energy, largely unstable, radicals, AOS have been implicated in a wide range of deleterious effects upon plant tissues as well as being involved in a range of signalling cascades within cells. This project attempted to demonstrate a link between AOS and other associated oxidative factors, and blackspot bruise potential. It was demonstrated that in response to mechanical impact, potato tubers respond by producing a well-defined level of superoxide free radicals. The amount of superoxide generation was found to be nearly perfectly correlated with susceptibility to blackspot bruise when investigated over eight potato varieties. By using inhibitors and scavengers of free radicals it was shovra that superoxide and not hydrogen peroxide was directly responsible for the effects upon pigment synthesis. Furthermore studies upon polyphenol oxidase (PPO), the key enzyme in the synthesis of melanin, demonstrated that a significant enhancement of activity was noted in the presence of superoxide radicals, lending support to animal studies which suggest that PPO utilizes superoxide radicals more readily and more efficiently than its usual co-substrate molecular oxygen. Associated with the production of superoxide radicals was the demonstration of modification to tuber proteins, specifically the detection of secondary carbonyl groups, a modification known to be the direct result of exposure to AOS. This study quantified the carbonyl levels and once again these were almost perfectly correlated with susceptibility to blackspot bruise formation. Once the correlation of oxidative factors and blackspot bruise susceptibility was established then studies were undertaken to demonstrate the effect of a range of metalions upon both blackspot bruise susceptibility and oxidative protein modifications. These studies suggested that potassium and zinc both had negative effects on blackspot susceptibility however only potassium had a negative effect on secondary carbonyl accumulation. Studies on tubers impacted twice indicated that the normal 'polarity' of the tuber in terms of susceptibility to blackspot bruise could be influenced and this was confirmed by studies on superoxide generation which showed that the second point of impact always had a reduced blackspot susceptibility and reduced superoxide generation. Finally a model is presented to incorporate this novel information regarding the role of AOS in blackspot bruise susceptibility together with existing knowledge of the biochemistry within this system, to propose a system in which AOS play an integral and wide-ranging role.
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Foulger, David. "Protoplast regeneration and somatic hybridisation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, Rothamsted Research, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374242.
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Teixeira, Armando Jorge Gomes. "Estudo das isoformas da glutanina sintetase em Solanum tuberosum L." Tese, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10434.
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Haj-Isa, Niurka Maritza Almeyda 1965. "Processamento de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.)por semi-desidratação-congelamento." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255523.
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Orientador: Roberto Herminio NorettiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A industrialização da batata, principalmente nas formas de "chips" e pré-frita congelada, vem aumentando nos últimos anos no Brasil., devido ao fácil e rápido preparo final dos produtos, assim como à sensação de frescor após armazenamento. Um item importante na eficiência destes processamentos é o conteúdo de água presente na matéria-prima. Para a obtenção de "chips" pré-elaborados, batatas da variedade Bintje foram processadas por semi-desidratação - congelamento ("dehydrofreezing"). Duas técnicas de secagem foram aplicadas (por álcool etílico e ar quente) assim como duas formas de branqueamento (água potável e solução de cloreto de cálcio ). Quando desidratado o material por ar quente, duas temperaturas foram testadas (63 e 100+-1°C). A classificação das batatas, bem como análise de umidade e açúcares redutores foram realizadas na matéria-prima. Determinou-se também o rendimento do processo e o teor de gordura no produto final após fritura, avaliando-se organolepticamente a qualidade dos produtos obtidos. O material semi-desidratado por etanol não resultou sensorialmente em um produto com características de batata "chips", porém não foi um produto rejeitado pela equipe sensorial, que o caracterizou como "snack extrusado". O rendimento total do processo foi comparável aos obtidos em outros processos industriais de batatas fritas. O produto semi-pronto pode ser frito em apenas 1/3 do tempo necessário para fritura de batata no mesmo formato, simplesmente congelada, sendo que a presença de CaCl2 na solução de branqueamento diminuiu a absorção de óleo e o aumento da temperatura de secagem provocou efeito contrário. Os resultados dos testes sensoriais indicaram que as amostras estudadas obtiveram boa aceitação de modo geral
Abstract: Potatoes processing, main/y in chips and frozen prefried, increased in the last years in Brazil because of its freshness sensation, as well as its rapid final preparation. One of the most important consideration in the efficiency of the proceedings is the water content in the raw material. To obtain prefinished chips, potatoes of the Bintje variety were processed by dehydrofrezing. Two drying techniques were applied (using ethanol and heated air) and two blanching methods (water and CaCl2 solution). When the material was dehydrated by heated air, two temperatures were tested (63 and 100 +- 1°C). The potatoes were classified and analysed concerning moisture content and reducing sugars. The process efficiency and the oil content in the final product, and sensorial quality of the dehydrofrozen chips were determined. The parcial dehydrated product by ethanol did not result in the expected characteristics of the potatoes chips and had characteristics similar to a extruded snack. The total yeld of the dehydrofrozen chips process was compared with other industrial fried potato processes. The resulting product could be fried in about one third (1/3) of the time needed to fry frozen potatoes of a similar shape. The presence of CaCI2 in the blanching solution decreased oil absorption. On the other hand, increasing of drying temperature produced a opposite effect. In general, the results of the sensory tests indicated good acceptance of the studied products
Mestrado
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
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Paula, Fabiana Luiza Matielo de. "Modelagem do desenvolvimento da batata (solanum tuberosum l.) à campo." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4969.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.), Solanaceae, native of Cordilheira dos Andes, South America, is the fourth food crop worldwide, being only overcome by wheat, rice and corn. Potato production in Brazil is concentrated in the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul. Thermal time is a simple method and a better time descriptor than the calendar days or days after planting. However, thermal time has been criticized because of the assumption of a linear relationship between plant growth or development and temperature. The objectives of this study were: 1. To determine thermal time from emergency to tuber initiation, from tuber initiation to beginning of senescence and from beginning of senescence to harvest of field grown potato. 2. To construct and evaluate a model to simulate potato development that is superior to current models from a biological as well as from a simulation point of view. Experiments were carried out at Santa Maria RS, Brazil, 9 in the year of 2003 (21/01; 12/02; 28/02; 27/03; 12/08; 15/09; 15/10; 20/11e 24/12) and 6 in the year of 2004 (28/01; 27/02; 26/03; 26/04; 31/05 and 26/08). The experimental design was a complete random block design with four replications. Plots had 3.0 x 3.0 m and consisted of 4 lines of plants with 3.0 m length and 0.75m among them. The distance between plants was 0.33m, totalizing 40 plants/plot. Three plants were chosen from the two central lines. The plants were labeled right after emergence and used to determine the beginning of senescence and harvest time. Tuber initiation was determined by digging up eight plants from the border lines daily (two plants from each plot). Thermal time of different phases varied according to the planting date, calculation method, and the cardinal temperatures. These results indicate that the thermal time should be used with caution to tell time in potato. The proposed development model was superior to the thermal time approach with an average RMSE of 10,41 days. The RMSE value for tuber initiation was 3.7 days.
A batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) família Solanaceae, é originária da Cordilheira dos Andes e ocupa o quarto lugar em volume de produção mundial de alimentos, sendo superada apenas pelo trigo, arroz e milho. A produção da batata no Brasil concentra-se nos estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná e Rio Grande do Sul. A soma térmica é um método simples e é uma melhor medida de tempo biológico do que dias do calendário civil ou dias após a semeadura, mas tem recebido críticas, uma delas, por assumir uma relação linear entre crescimento ou desenvolvimento vegetal e temperatura. O trabalho teve como objetivos: determinar a soma térmica das fases de emergência ao início da tuberização, início da tuberização ao início da senescência e início da senescência à colheita da batata cultivar Asterix cultivada a campo; construir e avaliar um modelo matemático para simular o desenvolvimento da cultura da batata, que seja superior aos modelos existentes tanto do ponto de vista biológico quanto do ponto de vista da previsão da data de ocorrência dos principais estágios de desenvolvimento. Os experimentos de campo foram conduzidos na área experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, com 15 épocas de plantio, 9 épocas no ano de 2003 (21/01; 12/02; 28/02; 27/03; 12/08; 15/09; 15/10; 20/11e 24/12) e 6 épocas no ano de 2004 (28/01; 27/02; 26/03; 26/04; 31/05 e 26/08). O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições. As parcelas tinham dimensões de 3,0 x 3,0 m, constituídas por 4 linhas de plantas distanciadas 0,75 m entre linhas 0,33 m entre plantas, totalizando 40 plantas/parcela. Três plantas em cada uma das duas linhas centrais (área útil) das parcelas foram selecionadas ao acaso e etiquetadas logo após a emergência e utilizadas na determinação do início da senescência e da colheita. O início da tuberização (IT) foi determinado coletando-se 8 plantas (2 plantas de cada parcela) diariamente nas linhas da bordadura. A soma térmica para as diferentes fases variou com a época de plantio, com o método de cálculo e com as temperaturas cardinais. Estes resultados indicam que a soma térmica deve ser usada com cautela para representar tempo fisiológico em batata. O modelo de desenvolvimento proposto foi superior ao método da soma térmica, com valor de RMSE médio= 10,41 dias, sendo que para IT, o RMSE foi de 3,7 dias.
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Mehring, Grant Harry. "Weed Control with Cover Crops in Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26807.
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Field experiments were conducted near Oakes and Fargo, North Dakota from 2009-2010, and repeated near Carrington, North Dakota from 2010-2011, to evaluate weed control in both irrigated and non-irrigated potato production as influenced by cover crops and cover crop termination methods. Cover crop treatments at Oakes and Fargo were no cover crop, triticale, rye, turnip/radish, and rye/canola. Cover crop treatments at Carrington were no cover crop, triticale, rye, hairy vetch, and rye/hairy vetch. Termination treatments for the cover crops were roller-crimp, disk-till, roto-till, and herbicide. Cover crop residue was mostly sufficient for weed control at all locations. However, after two cultivations cover crops controlled weeds similar to no cover crop. Cover crop had no effect on potato marketable yield at the two locations. Results support the consideration of cover crops for potato production as a means of additional early-season weed control, especially when non-chemical weed control methods are desired.North Central Region Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program
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Saeed, Hamad. "Investigation of partial rootzone drying in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, Harper Adams University College, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492006.
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Limited water resources and legislation on water abstraction require the adoption of efficient irrigation techniques for sustainable crop production. Partial rootzone drying (PRD) is a technique that allows water use to be optimised through alternate cycles of irrigation to a split root system. A PRD regime and its optimum time of initiation in potatoes that reduces water use and improves water use efficiency with minimal loss in yield were investigated. Hydraulic redistribution mechanism and in-situ root growth responses to PRD were also studied. Potatoes (cv. Estima) were exposed to different irrigation treatments with a control at tuber initiation under polytunnel and glasshouse conditions to identify a suitable PRD regime for potatoes. The treatment which performed most similarly to the control was alternate PRD to field capacity (APRDlOo); one half of the root system was irrigated to field capacity, the other half was allowed to dry to 42 - 45 % of Fe, when irrigation was alternated between the sides. The alternate irrigation was continued until termination of the experiment. There were no significant differences between this treatment and the control for plant growth, gas exchange, leaf water potential and yield. This treatment utilised 29% less water and increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 20% relative to the control. The optimum start time of PRD in potatoes was identified by starting it at two, four, six, eight and ten weeks�·after emergence (WAE). Vegetative growth and yield increased with the delay start of the APRDlOo. When the APRDlOo was started at 6 WAE, greater water savings were seen with increased WUE compared to starting at 8 and 10 WAE but with no yield loss relative to the control. This suggested that the start ofPRD at 6 \VAE was an appropriate time for potatoes. Hydraulic redistribution from wet roots to drying roots within a 24 h period and over three days was investigated using the stable isotope of hydrogen. Hydraulic redistribution occurred the most at night when stomatal conductance was considerably lower and leaf water potential was higher (less negative). The magnitude of the redistributed water did not exceed 3.5%, indicating limited water redistribution under PRD. In-situ root growth responses to PRD showed that PRD plants maintained their root system by slowing down root growth during drying periods but resumed active growth upon re-watering. PRD appears to offer a suitable water saving technique for potato production in glasshouse conditions. Transferring this technique to field conditions, however, will need further research.
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Teixeira, Armando Jorge Gomes. "Estudo das isoformas da glutanina sintetase em Solanum tuberosum L." Doctoral thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10434.
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Ranganna, Byrappa. "Thermal treatments for short-term storage of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40429.
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The potential of hot water dipping, vapour heating or ultraviolet irradiation to eliminate the use of chemicals for control of sprouting and post-harvest diseases of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) was examined. The microorganisms on which these treatments were tested were the fungal dry rot (Fusarium solani) and the bacterial soft rot (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora), two major post-harvest pathogens of potatoes. The study focused on short-term storage (three months) at 8$ sp circ$C or 18$ sp circ$C, which are representative of storage temperatures used by producers in northern temperate and semi-arid tropical regions, respectively.Response surface methodology was used in experimentation to facilitate analysis of data and identification of optimal operating conditions for the treatments. The following parameters were used to assess tuber quality after the treatments and 3-month storage: firmness, color and structure.
It was found possible to obtain 100% control of sprouting and diseases for the three-month storage without resorting to the use of chemicals. This was achieved without significantly altering the quality attributes of the tubers under certain conditions of hot water, ultraviolet radiation or combinations of these two with storage at 8$ sp circ$C for three months. Although 100% control was not possible for the storage at 18$ sp circ$C, treated tubers performed much better than the controls. Vapour heat (50-70$ sp circ$C) was much less effective at controlling sprouting and was therefore not tested on the pathogens.
A numerical model of the heat transfer phenomenon in the tuber was also developed. It was used to predict the transient temperature distribution in the tuber. The model was solved using the line-by-line technique and model simulations were validated against experimental data.
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Rageb, Ahmed F. M. "Factors affecting dry matter content of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318704.
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Potter, Robert Henry. "Genetic stability of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) after in vitro culture." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46510.
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Favoretto, Patrícia. "Caracterização molecular de germoplasma de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) por microssatélites." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-23062009-163800/.
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A cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum L) está se tornando cada vez mais importante, tanto do ponto de vista dos produtores, dos pesquisadores e dos consumidores, por ser um dos alimentos protéicos mais consumidos em todo o mundo, entretanto, o Brasil depende de variedades importadas, originárias de clima temperado o que não condiz com as nossas condições, refletindo assim em valores inferiores de produtividade e de qualidade. Apesar da grande evolução que esta cultura apresentou em todos estes anos de cultivo se faz necessário a busca por materiais mais produtivos, adaptados e resistentes. Os programas de melhoramento convencionais são extremamente importantes para a seleção de novos progenitores, entretanto o tempo gasto para desenvolver e lançar uma variedade é bastante longo. Diante deste cenário, novas metodologias estão sendo cada vez mais utilizadas no processo de identificação de bancos de germoplasma e cultivares mais promissoras. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de marcadores microssatélites, 108 acessos de batata de cinco coleções contendo variedades comerciais, clones para programas de melhoramento e cultivo orgânico, visando a caracterização genética, a identificação de duplicatas e de possíveis parentais para uso nos programas de melhoramento. Para a caracterização molecular foram utilizados 10 iniciadores específicos (primers), gerando-se um total de 50 alelos (bandas) os quais foram analisados como dados binários, sendo que a partir destes dados foi obtida uma matriz de similaridade utilizando o coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard. Com este coeficiente e com o método aglomerativo UPGMA, foram realizadas análises de agrupamento utilizando o software NTSYSpc e um método de reamostragens (bootstraps), gerando dendrogramas que permitiram a distinção genética entre os acessos. O conteúdo de informação de polimorfismo (PIC) e a heterogozidade esperada (He) foram significativos, sendo que os maiores valores foram 0,8594 e 0,8725, respectivamente, para o primer STM0019a. Em média, o número de alelos por loco foi cinco, variando de dois alelos para os primers STM 1053 e STM 1104 até 13 alelos por loco para o primer STM0019a. Para facilitar a visualização dos resultados, além de serem avaliados como um todo os 108 acessos foram divididos em grupos de acordo com as coleções (variedades comerciais, clones e cultivo orgânico), sendo que a maior variação pelo coeficiente de Jaccard foi de 0,39 a 0,93 para 57 acessos das coleções de cultivares orgânicos e comerciais. Ao se avaliar os 108 acessos juntos, o coeficiente de Jaccard variou de 0,42 a 0,93, mostrando a grande variabilidade genética entre os acessos das cinco coleções. Foram observadas seis possíveis duplicatas [ATLANTIC (Canadá) e ATLANTIC (Chile); 67-2 e 17-10 (clones CNPH1); COLORADO e ÁGATA (EPAMIG); 253 E 266 (clones CNPH2); MELODY e APTA 21-54 (cultivo orgânico); e 387-1 (E1) e VOYAGER], identificando-se também os acessos mais distantes geneticamente [clone 383-19 (EmbrapaCNPH1) e a cultivar comercial HPC-7B], permitindo desta forma a identificação de possíveis parentais para os programas de melhoramento. Os altos níveis de polimorfismo observados paraSolanum tuberosum sugerem que os marcadores microssatélites podem ser uma ferramenta útil para detectar as diferenças genéticas entre cultivares de batata.The cultivation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is becoming increasingly important from the point of view of producers, researchers and consumers, for representing one of the food protein mostly consumed in the world. However, Brazil depends on imported varieties, originated from temperate climate which does not complies with our conditions, thus reflecting in lower productivity and quality. Despite the great progress that this crop presented in all these years of cultivation, it is necessary to search for more productive, adapted and resistant materials. The conventional breeding programs are important for the selection of new parents, but the time spent to develop and launch a new variety is quite long. In this scenario, new approaches are being increasingly used in the identification of germplasm banks and most promising cultivars. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using microsatellite markers, 108 accessions of five potato collections containing commercial varieties, clones for breeding programs and organic farming varieties, aiming at the genetic characterization, identification of duplicates and possible parents to be used in potato breeding programs. For the molecular characterization, 10 specific primers were used, generating a total of 50 alleles (bands) which were analyzed as binary data, and from this data a similarity matrix was obtained using the Jaccard coefficient of similarity. With this coefficient and the UPGMA method, cluster analysis were carried out using the NTSYSpc software and bootstraps analyses, generating dendrograms which allowed the genetic distinction between accessions. The polymorphism information content (PIC) and expected heterozygosity (He) were both significant, with the highest values (0.8594 and 0.8725, respectively) obtained for primer STM0019a. On average, the number of alleles per locus was five, ranging from two alleles for primers STM 1053 and STM 1104 to 13 alleles per locus for primer STM0019a. To facilitate the visualization of the results, in addition to being evaluated as a whole, the 108 accessions were divided into groups according to the collections (commercial varieties, clones and organic farming), where the highest variation for the Jaccard coefficient (0.39 - 0.93) was found for the 57 accessions of organic and commercial cultivars collections. When assessing the 108 accessions together, the Jaccard coefficient ranged from 0.42 to 0.93, showing a high genetic variability between accessions of the five collections. Six possible duplicates were found [\'ATLANTIC (Canada) and ATLANTIC (Chile); 67-2 and 17-10 (clones CNPH1); Color and AGATE (EPAMIG); 253 E 266 (clones CNPH2); MELODY and APTA 21-54 (organic farming); and 387-1 (E1) and VOYAGER], and also the more genetically distant accessions [clone 383-19 (EmbrapaCNPH1) and the commercial cultivar HPC- 7B] were identified, thereby enabling the identification of potential parents for breeding programs. High levels of polymorphism observed for Solanum tuberosum suggest that microsatellite markers can be a useful tool to detect the genetic differences between potato cultivars.
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Rodrigues, Jos? Ricardo. "Cultivo org?nico da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) na Baixada Fluminense." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1147.
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Field experiments were conducted at Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica - SIPA ? (?Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km 47?), in Serop?dica, lowland region of Rio de Janeiro state, to evaluate the agronomical performance of organic farming potato cultivars. In the first year six potato genotyps were evaluated representing two groups: one half of them (?Opaline?, ?Eden? and ?Asterix?) with double fitnesss, and the other three (?Casteline?, ?Florice? and ?Monalisa?) specifically for cooking purpose. In the second year, ?Asterix? and ?Monalisa?, selected from the previous experiment, were compared under different organic fertilization levels (0, 200 e 400kg de N total ha-1). For a Cropping growth rate and liquid assimilation rate of ?Asterix? remained higher for a longer period resulting in an increased yield compared to the other five cultivars. ?Asterix? yielded 23,07Mg.ha-1 while the overall mean yielded for the rest of cultivars reached 13,97Mg.ha-1with no significant differences between their values. However, cultivar ?Asterix? was distinguished by the enhanced proportion of tuber sized in typs I and II (10.93Mg.ha-1) having better commercial acceptance. Although not matching ?Asterix?, all the other potato cultivars performed satisfactorily under the adopted organic management, demonstrating potential of the crop for the region during the dry and colder season.
Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho produtivo de diferentes gen?tipos de batata, no sistema org?nico de cultivo, foram conduzidos experimentos em dois anos consecutivos no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica (SIPA - ?Fazendinha Agroecol?gica Km 47?), localizado na Baixada Fluminense (munic?pio de Serop?dica/RJ). No primeiro ano, foram testados seis gen?tipos de batata pertencentes a dois diferentes grupos quanto ? finalidade de uso: tr?s de dupla finalidade (?Opaline?, ?Eden? e ?Asterix?), e tr?s destinados especificamente para cozimento (?Casteline?, ?Florice? e ?Monalisa?). No segundo ano, foram avaliadas duas cultivares: Asterix e Monalisa, selecionadas a partir do experimento anterior e submetidas a tr?s n?veis de aduba??o org?nica, ? base de esterco bovino (0, 200 e 400kg de N total ha-1). O preparo do solo foi realizado com aux?lio de enxada rotativa e posterior encanteiramento. As batatas foram plantadas a intervalos de 0,30m, em dois sulcos espa?ados de 0,70m entre si. Foram efetuadas sete coletas de plantas para determinar medidas biom?tricas, que expressam produtividade, aos 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55 e 62 dias ap?s o plantio (DAP). Ao final do ciclo, foram avaliados os teores de N, P, K, Ca e Mg, a produ??o comercial e caracter?sticas do tub?rculo (peso m?dio, di?metro equatorial e comprimento). No primeiro ensaio a cultivar Asterix obteve valores de taxa de crescimento da cultura (TCC) e de taxa de assimila??o l?quida (TAL) superiores e mais duradouros, o que se refletiu em produtividade mais alta do que a das demais cultivares. O rendimento da cultivar ?Asterix? alcan?ou 23,07Mg.ha-1 enquanto as demais cultivares obtiveram uma m?dia geral de 13,97Mg.ha-1. No segundo ano houve diferen?a estat?stica para o car?ter rendimento: a cultivar ?Asterix? produziu 17,42Mg.ha-1 enquanto a cultivar ?Monalisa? produziu 14,70Mg.ha-1 . A cultivar ?Asterix? tamb?m se destacou pela maior quantidade de tub?rculos dos tipos I e II (10,93Mg.ha-1), com melhores caracter?sticas para o mercado. N?o obstante o comportamento inferior ao da cultivar Asterix, as demais cultivares obtiveram rendimento agron?mico satisfat?rio sob o manejo org?nico adotado, demonstrando potencial para as condi??es edafoclim?ticas da Baixada Fluminense, respeitando-se o per?odo de plantio de outono/inverno/primavera.
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Matoušková, Vendula. "Vliv stresového faktoru sucha na obsah glykoalkaloidů brambor (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-257600.
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Potatoes are an important and irreplaceable crop. This kind of crop is very important not only for it is use but also for a nutrition composition. There are also a prominent source of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Outside substances beneficial to health and potatoes contain harmful substances. These substances are foreign or naturally occurring, which include toxic glycoalkaloids. Glycoalkaloids are secondary metabolites of plants. Glycoalkaloids in potatoes have protective function it can increase the synthesis for example in case of pest infestations, mechanical damage or in case of to much light and heat. The potatoes were found several glycoalkaloides. Main, which constitutes 95 % of their content, are alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine. Their toxicity is inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and breaking the cell membranes. The potato tuber is their content is distributed unevenly. The quantity of glycoalkaloids is affected by manny factors as for example place, year, kind, the way how the crops are grown and storage. In Czech Republic the maximum allowed limit of glycoalkaloides in potatoes were made by legislation on 200 mg/kg fresh potato matter. In the commonly grown varieties of the amount is far below the hygienic limit. The methods for isolation of glycoalkaloids in potatoes are mainly chromatographic. The most commonly used HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography). In performed experiment was determined the content of majority glycoalkaloid alpha- chaconinu and alpha-solaninu at four different kinds -Milva, Marabel, Laura and Valfi. Drought stress has been studied for their content, assuming their accumulation in comparison with the other two variants - irrigation watering and drip irrigation. The glycoalkaloides content were messured by the UHPLC/MS/MS. The obtained results concluded that the content of glycoalkaloids is the variety dependent. Drought stress can probably increase their content. In our experiment, it positively did not. Important is the choice of kind in case if expectation a hot and dry year of growing. Kinds Milva and Marabel are very good in these conditions. In the case of general principles for cultivation, storage and cooking, the glykoalkaloids does not vision a risk for the consumer.
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Conover, Joanne Carol. "The plastid genome and its expression in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, University of Bath, 1986. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371077.
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Trevanion, Stephen John. "Pyrophosphate fructose 6-phosphate phosphotransferase from potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46586.
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Ross, Heather A. "Sucrose metabolism in storage organs of Solanum tuberosum L., Vicia Faba L., and Beta vulgaris L." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14475.
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The involvement of the sucrose-cleaving enzymes, acid and alkaline invertases and sucrose synthase in carbohydrate metabolism, was investigated in three different developing sink organs: 1) the starch-storing tubers from Solanum tuberosum L., 2) the starch- and protein-storing cotyledons from Vicia faba L., and 3) the sucrose-storing taproots from Beta vulgaris L. subsp. altissima. In potato, tuberisation is characterised by a change from an invertase- dominated sucrolytic pathway in stolons to one dominated by sucrose synthase in developing tubers. This pathway continues to be the major route for sucrose breakdown during tuber growth but only in tubers receiving a ready supply of photoassimilate. Sucrose flux to the tuber was shown to regulate sucrose synthase activity, excision of developing tubers from the mother plant resulting in a rapid decrease in sucrose synthase activity and an increase in acid invertase. Acid invertase was by far the major sucrolytic enzyme in stored tubers. In contrast, acid invertase does not play a major role in sucrose cleavage in developing bean cotyledons. Sucrose synthase is the dominant sucrolytic enzyme during the early stages of seed growth but in the later stages of development alkaline invertase predominates. During sugar beet development, high acid invertase activity in very young roots declines rapidly when taproot swelling commences, to be replaced by both sucrose synthase and alkaline invertase. Neither enzyme predominates during taproot growth. No significant increase in the activity of any of the sucrolytic enzymes occurred in taproots stored for 80 d at 8°C. Sucrose synthase was purified to homogeneity from bean cotyledons and characterised. Polydonal antibodies were raised to both native and denatured sucrose synthase protein. Similarly alkaline invertase was purified from bean cotyledons and sugar beet taproots and polyclonal antibodies raised to both denatured proteins. Isoforms of bean and sugar beet alkaline invertases were separated by anion-exchange chromatography but were not immunologically distinct. The antibodies produced were used throughout this study to confirm enzyme levels.
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Petters, Julia. "Isolierung und Charakterisierung pathogen- und stressinduzierter Gene von Kartoffel Solanum tuberosum L." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963598996.
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Göbel, Cornelia. "Untersuchungen zur Funktion von Oxylipinen bei der Pathogenantwort in Solanum tuberosum L." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964303388.
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Boyd, Nathan S. "The effects of competition between living mulches and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ49321.pdf.
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Snow, Juliette Elizabeth. "Investigation of the function of disproportionating enzyme in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11421.
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In this study potato plant with lowered D-enzyme activity were investigated. It was found previously that lack of D-enzyme resulted in a reduction in the tuber yield of these plants and a delay in tuber sprouting. In this study the reduction in tuber yield was characterised further. It was found that tuber fresh weight per plant was reduced but percentage dry matter and starch content were unaltered. In addition, the extent of the reduction in fresh weight tuber yield was dependent on irradiance. Lack of D-enzyme also resulted in a delay in sugar accumulation in tuber during prolonged storage. No differences were detected in the rates of starch synthesis and starch turnover in tubers with lowered D-enzyme activity compared to controls. One reason for this could have been that the labelling experiments employed to investigate tuber metabolism were not sensitive enough to detect small differences. To address this, D-enzyme activity was lowered in transgenic potato plants which exhibit exaggerated rates of starch synthesis and turnover due to the expression of a heterologous ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase gene. It was hypothesised that differences in starch metabolism would be more likely to be resolved in tubers from these plants. Surprisingly, no appreciable differences between the starch metabolism of tubers with exaggerated rates of starch turnover and lowered D-enzyme activity and control tubers were detected. However, the level of D-enzyme activity in these tubers was 14% of wild type and this could have been high enough for the in vivo role(s) of the enzyme to be fulfilled. Rates of starch breakdown in leaf tissue lacking D-enzyme were slightly reduced compared to controls during darkness. Lack of D-enzyme did not affect rates of starch synthesis during the light. These results are consistent with those from the D-enzyme mutant of A. thaliana and suggest that D-enzyme may have a role in potato leaf starch degradation during darkness and that this could in turn influence tuber growth.
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Gilbert, Julie E. "Interaction between mixing and density in protoplast cultures of Solanum tuberosum L." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314683.
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Pulz, Adriano Luís [UNESP]. "Estresse hídrico e adubação silicatada em batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Bintje." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86468.
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pulz_al_me_botfca_prot.pdf: 1199797 bytes, checksum: 108dbcbf014a759d8141e4abc0b71441 (MD5)O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da aplicação de silício na nutrição, tolerância ao déficit hídrico e nas características relacionadas à produtividade da cultura da batata (Solanum Tuberosun L.) cv Bintje. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da combinação da presença e ausência de aplicação de silício (0 e 283 Kg ha-1 de Si), por meio da coreeção do solo com calcário dolomítico e silicato de cálcio e magnésio, e presença e ausência de déficit hídrico (-0,020MPa e -0,050MPa de tensão de água no solo, respectivamente). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, num arranjo fatorial de 2x2, com oito repetições. Cada parcela experimental foi constituída de uma planta de batata cultivada em vaso com 50 litros de solo. O controle da irrigação foi realizado com auxilio de tensiômetros de mercúrio. A presença de maiores quantidade de silício solúvel no solo promoveu uma maior absorção de fósforo pelas plantas e aumento do teor de silício nas folhas e tubérculos. O fornecimento de silício na ose de 283 kg ha-1, mediante a aplicação do corretivo agrosilício como substituto do calcário na cultura da batata, promoveu benefícios à cultura proporcionando redução do acamamento em função de hastes mais eretas, maior altura de plantas, aumento no peso médio dos tubérculos e conseqüente aumento da produção comercial e total. os teores de prolina aumentaram e os de açúcares solúveis totais diminuiram em função da meno disponibilidade hídrica e da maior disponibilidade de silício no solo. O silício promoveu a desroção de fósfor no solo aumentando a quantidade do elemento disponível para as plantas. O corretivo agrosilício utilizado como fonte de silício proporcionou os mesmos níveis de correção e de fornecimento de cálcio e magnésio que o calcário, podendo ser utilizado em substituição do mesmo.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of silicon application on potato plant, productivity and resistance to water stress. The treatments was the presence abd absence of silicon combination (0 and 283 kg ha-1 of Si), by liming with calcium carbinate and silicate, and presence and absence of water stress (- 0,020MPa and - 0,50MPa of water tension, respectively). The experimental was a cpmpletely randomized design with 2x2 factorial arrangement and 8 replications. Each experimental plot was consisted of a cultivar Bintje potato palnt (Solanum tuberosum) planted en a 50-liter lot. mercury tensiometers were used for the irrigation control. The presence of higher soluble silicon in the soil increase phosphorus uptake in plants and increase the content of silicon in leaves and tubers. The silicon application of 283 kg ha-1 using silicate provide benefits to the potato crop improving plant architecture by erets stems, increase on plant height, increase tubers weight average and commercial and total yield. the prolina content had increased and the total soluble sugars decresed with the water stress and higher silicon content in the soil. The silicon fertilization provided increase available phosphorus in the soil and uptake by the plants. The agrosilício material could be use as lime because it has the equability to increase Ca and Mg and have approximately same effect on soil pH and base saturation.
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Dorneles, Athos Odin Severo. "INTERAÇÃO ENTRE SILÍCIO E ALUMÍNIO EM GENÓTIPOS DE BATATA (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4891.
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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do SulSilicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) are among the three most abundant elements in the earth's crust. The Si does not meet the requirements of an essential element for plant growth, but the beneficial effects of this element in the growth, development, yield and resistance to disease has been observed in a wide variety of plant species, while Al is recognized as being highly cytotoxic to plants and animals. There are evidences that the silicic acid aqueous interacts with Al thereby reducing its bioavailability (and so toxicity) and at the same time increases the availability of phosphorus essential element. So, the objectives of this study were to analyze the possible beneficial effect of Si, analyze the interactions between Si and Al on physiological and biochemical parameters and the possible Si potential to mitigate the toxic effects of Al in potato genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp . tuberosum) differing in Al tolerance. In the experiment to investigate the beneficial effect of Si, which defined through growth parameters, two concentrations of Si and two genotypes, four potato genotypes plants differing in Al tolerance: SMIJ319-7 and Dakota Rose (Al sensitive ), SMIF212-3 (Al tolerant) and SMINIA793101-3 (with intermediate Al tolerance), propagated in plastic cups, were grown in a nutrient solution (pH 4.5 ± 0.1) exposed to four silicon doses: 0; 0.5; 2.5; and 5.0 mM (NaSiO3). Seven days after the start of the exposure to the treatment, the plants were collected and the leaf area was determined, the number of leaves and stolons, the shoot length and fresh and dry biomass of roots and shoots. The dosage of 0.5 mM Si showed the greatest benefits to the growth of potato plants, while larger doses than 2.5 mM promoted a reduction in these parameters. Furthermore, the more responsive genotypes were SMIJ319-7 Si (Al sensitive) and SMIF212-3 (Al tolerant). For the experiments of interaction between Si and Al, potato plants of SMIJ319-7 genotypes (Al sensitive) and SIMF212-3 (Al tolerant ) were grown for fourteen days in nutrient solution (without phosphorus and pH 4.5 ± 0 , 1) exposed to combinations of two doses of Al (0 and 50 mg L-1 (AlCl3)) and three doses of Si (0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM (Na2SiO3)). After this period, leaves and roots of plants of both genotypes were collected to determine the Al concentration in the tissues, growth parameters, enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD)) and lipid peroxidation. Roots of both genotypes accumulated more Al than shoot, and the Al tolerant genotype accumulated more Al than the sensitive in the roots as well as shoot. Furthermore, the presence of 0.5 mM of Si in the growth medium together with Al reduced the Al concentration in the Al tolerant roots. The exposure to Al resulted in a reduction in the length, number of root tips, surface area, the volume and number of root branches, number of leaves and leaf area of both potato genotypes, and Si alleviated the toxic effects of Al in both potato genotypes only in the number of roots and number of leaf branches parameters. In addition, the Si had a beneficial effect on the parameters number of leaves, leaf area, number of stolons in both genotypes. For biochemical parameters, there was increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and less accumulation of MDA when the plants were exposed to Si under stress of Al. From these results it is clear that the Si may be able to alleviate the toxic effects of Al due to the induction of antioxidant enzymes. So the Si has the potential to mitigate the toxic effects of Al through interactions with this metal in the plant.
O silício (Si) e o alumínio (Al) estão entre os três elementos mais abundantes na crosta terrestre. O Si não atende os requisitos de um elemento essencial para o crescimento das plantas, mas os efeitos benéficos deste elemento no crescimento, desenvolvimento, produtividade e resistência à doenças tem sido observados em uma ampla variedade de espécies de plantas, enquanto o Al é reconhecido como sendo altamente citotóxico aos vegetais e animais. Existem evidências de que o ácido silícico interage com Al aquoso reduzindo assim a sua biodisponibilidade (e assim a toxicidade) e, ao mesmo tempo, aumenta a disponibilidade do elemento essencial fósforo. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar o possível efeito benéfico do Si, analisar as interações entre Si e Al sobre parâmetros fisiológicos e bioquímicos e o possível potencial do Si em amenizar os efeitos tóxicos do Al em genótipos de batata (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum) diferindo na tolerância ao Al. No experimento para investigar o efeito benéfico do Si, o qual definiu, através de parâmetros de crescimento, duas concentrações de Si e dois genótipos, plantas de quatro genótipos de batata diferindo na tolerância ao Al: SMIJ319-7 e Dakota Rose (sensíveis ao Al), SMIF212-3 (tolerante ao Al) e SMINIA793101-3 (com tolerância intermediária ao Al), propagados em copos plásticos, foram cultivadas em uma solução nutritiva (pH 4,5±0,1) expostas a quatro doses de Si: 0; 0,5; 2,5; e 5,0 mM (NaSiO3). Aos sete dias após o início da exposição aos tratamentos, as plantas foram coletadas e foi determinada a área foliar, o número de folhas e de estolões, o comprimento da parte aérea e a biomassa fresca e seca de raízes e da parte aérea. A dose de 0,5 mM de Si foi a que apresentou maiores benefícios ao crescimento das plantas de batata, enquanto doses maiores que 2,5 mM promoveram redução nesses parâmetros. Além disso, os genótipos mais responsivos ao Si foram o SMIJ319-7 (sensível ao Al) e SMIF212-3 (tolerante ao Al). Para os experimentos de interação entre Si e Al, plantas de batata dos genótipos SMIJ319-7 (sensível ao Al) e SIMF212-3 (tolerante ao Al) foram cultivadas por quatorze dias em solução nutritiva (sem fósforo e pH 4,5±0,1) expostas a combinações de duas doses de Al (0 e 50 mg L-1 (AlCl3)) e três doses de Si (0; 0,5 e 1,0 mM (Na2SiO3)). Após este período, folhas e raízes de plantas dos dois genótipos foram coletadas para determinação do conteúdo de Al nos tecidos, parâmetros de crescimento, atividade enzimática (superóxido dismutase (SOD) e guaiacol peroxidase (POD)) e peroxidação lipídica. Raízes de plantas de batata de ambos os genótipos acumularam mais Al que a parte aérea, sendo que o genótipo tolerante ao Al acumulou mais Al que o sensível, tanto nas raízes como na parte aérea. Além disso, a presença de 0,5 mM de Si no meio de crescimento juntamente com Al reduziu o conteúdo de Al nas raízes no genótipo tolerante ao Al. O Al ocasionou uma redução no comprimento, número de pontas de raízes, área de superfície, volume e número de ramificações de raízes, número de folhas e área foliar de ambos os genótipos de batata, e o Si amenizou os efeitos tóxicos do Al em ambos os genótipos de batata somente para os parâmetros número de ramificações de raízes e número de folhas. Além disso, o Si apresentou efeito benéfico para os parâmetros número de folhas, área foliar e número de estolões em ambos os genótipos. Para os parâmetros bioquímicos, houve maior atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e menor acúmulo de MDA quando as plantas foram expostas ao Si sob estresse de Al. A partir desses resultados fica claro que o Si pode ser capaz de amenizar os efeitos tóxicos do Al devido a possível indução de enzimas antioxidantes. Portanto o Si possui o potencial de amenizar os efeitos tóxicos do Al através de interações com este metal na planta.
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Pulz, Adriano Luís 1979. "Estresse hídrico e adubação silicatada em batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Bintje /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86468.
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Resumo: O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da aplicação de silício na nutrição, tolerância ao déficit hídrico e nas características relacionadas à produtividade da cultura da batata (Solanum Tuberosun L.) cv Bintje. Os tratamentos foram constituídos da combinação da presença e ausência de aplicação de silício (0 e 283 Kg ha-1 de Si), por meio da coreeção do solo com calcário dolomítico e silicato de cálcio e magnésio, e presença e ausência de déficit hídrico (-0,020MPa e -0,050MPa de tensão de água no solo, respectivamente). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, num arranjo fatorial de 2x2, com oito repetições. Cada parcela experimental foi constituída de uma planta de batata cultivada em vaso com 50 litros de solo. O controle da irrigação foi realizado com auxilio de tensiômetros de mercúrio. A presença de maiores quantidade de silício solúvel no solo promoveu uma maior absorção de fósforo pelas plantas e aumento do teor de silício nas folhas e tubérculos. O fornecimento de silício na ose de 283 kg ha-1, mediante a aplicação do corretivo agrosilício como substituto do calcário na cultura da batata, promoveu benefícios à cultura proporcionando redução do acamamento em função de hastes mais eretas, maior altura de plantas, aumento no peso médio dos tubérculos e conseqüente aumento da produção comercial e total. os teores de prolina aumentaram e os de açúcares solúveis totais diminuiram em função da meno disponibilidade hídrica e da maior disponibilidade de silício no solo. O silício promoveu a desroção de fósfor no solo aumentando a quantidade do elemento disponível para as plantas. O corretivo agrosilício utilizado como fonte de silício proporcionou os mesmos níveis de correção e de fornecimento de cálcio e magnésio que o calcário, podendo ser utilizado em substituição do mesmo.Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of silicon application on potato plant, productivity and resistance to water stress. The treatments was the presence abd absence of silicon combination (0 and 283 kg ha-1 of Si), by liming with calcium carbinate and silicate, and presence and absence of water stress (- 0,020MPa and - 0,50MPa of water tension, respectively). The experimental was a cpmpletely randomized design with 2x2 factorial arrangement and 8 replications. Each experimental plot was consisted of a cultivar Bintje potato palnt (Solanum tuberosum) planted en a 50-liter lot. mercury tensiometers were used for the irrigation control. The presence of higher soluble silicon in the soil increase phosphorus uptake in plants and increase the content of silicon in leaves and tubers. The silicon application of 283 kg ha-1 using silicate provide benefits to the potato crop improving plant architecture by erets stems, increase on plant height, increase tubers weight average and commercial and total yield. the prolina content had increased and the total soluble sugars decresed with the water stress and higher silicon content in the soil. The silicon fertilization provided increase available phosphorus in the soil and uptake by the plants. The agrosilício material could be use as lime because it has the equability to increase Ca and Mg and have approximately same effect on soil pH and base saturation.
Orientador: Leandro Borges Lemos
Coorientador: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Banca: Gaspar Henrique Korndörfer
Mestre
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Twell, D. "Molecular analysis of the patatin gene familiy of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46849.
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Richardson, Kenneth Vincent Austin. "Abiotic stress effects in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312599.
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REYES, ARAUJO DIANA YATZIL 783153, and ARAUJO DIANA YATZIL REYES. "Actividad antioxidante y productividad en Ocimum basilicum L. y Solanum tuberosum L. acondicionadas con vermicomposta." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/98855.
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La reutilización de los lodos residuales y la posibilidad de aprovechar su contenido rico en nutrientes e implementarlos en suelos agrícolas, es una alternativa para su manejo y gestión, que contrarrestara su acelerada producción. En este estudio se evaluaron diferentes dosis de vermicomposta elaborada con lodos residuales y estiércol equino; con el objetivo de conocer el efecto en la actividad antioxidante, productividad y contenido de metales pesados en albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) y papa (Solanum tuberosum L.). Los experimentos se establecieron a nivel invernadero utilizando suelo agrícola acondicionado con vermicomposta. Se realizó un diseño en bloques con 5 tratamientos y 6 repeticiones. Los tratamientos empleados fueron: Peat moss y agrolita (2:1) como control (C), Suelo agrícola (T0), Suelo + vermicomposta a 20 t ha-1 (T20), Suelo + vermicomposta a 40 t ha-1 (T40) y Suelo + vermicomposta a 60 t ha-1 (T60). Para evaluar la productividad, se midieron parámetros de crecimiento (altura, peso, número de hojas y número y peso de tubérculos); para determinar el daño en las plantas se cuantificó la actividad POX; unidades SPAD y pigmentos fotosintéticos. Se determinó la capacidad antioxidante mediante el método DPPH y el contenido de compuestos fenólicos totales para evaluar el efecto de la adición de vermicomposta a través de respuestas del estrés oxidativo. Los resultados indican que la aplicación de vermicomposta a base de lodos residuales y estiércol equino en las 3 dosis utilizadas incrementa la productividad en las plantas de albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.), y las plantas y tubérculos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) aumentando la tasa de crecimiento en longitud de la planta y peso total (peso fresco); del mismo modo se observa un incremento en la tasa fotosintética (pigmentos fotosintéticos). En cuanto a la actividad antioxidante, los resultados no muestran diferencias significativas con y sin la aplicación de la vermicomposta, por lo que su uso, además de aumentar la disponibilidad de nutrientes, no provoca estrés en las plantas.
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Santiago, Gisele. "Identificação de variação somaclonal em batata (solanum tuberosum l.) através de marcadores morfológicos." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5072.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fourth culture in economic importance in the world after the wheat, of the maize and the rice. Consequently, the research with this species can bring benefits for a considerable number of people. Tissue culture has contributed in the genetic improvement of the potato in the direction of attainment of free plants of virus and micropropagation of elite genotypes. However, plants regenerated from tissue culture can show variation in agronomic characteristics important. The induced variation by tissue culture is called somaclonal variation. The occurrence of somaclonal variation can be identified in vitro for parameters still auxiliary as the multiplication rate. In field, the use of morphologic markers can be used to identify somaclones. The work had as objective: To evaluate the behavior in vitro of cultivating them of potato Asterix and Macaca through the multiplication rate observed during a period of eight months. Identify variant somaclonais proceeding of the culture in vitro of them cultivate Asterix and Macaca through morphological markers.To evaluate the genotype effect, culture-age effect and the type of explant on the occurrence of somaclones. Multiplication rate was used in the attempt to identify the occurrence of somaclonal variation in cultivating of potato Asterix and Macaca with three sources of explantes (apex stems, stems and callus) and two ages of subculture (70 months-old clone and 12 months-new clone).The morphological characterization of the plants and basic tubercles was effected according to described methodology for COLLARES (2002) based in the minimum describers of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). The multiplication rat of cultivating Macaca was greater that of Asterix and the behavior of the multiplication rate of Macaca oscillated between extreme values different of the observed one in Asterix. The rate multiplication depends on cultivar.Through the morphological characterization it was possible to identify that to cultivate them Asterix and Macaca had presented different behavior how much to the stability of the morphologic characteristics when passing for culture in vitro. The explante derived from callus in such a way presented the biggest occurrence of somaclonais variants for the treatments that had included Asterix as Macaca. The age of subculture of 70 months and 12 months had not been adjusted for maintenance of disgnostic characteristics of them to cultivate Asterix and Macaca due to occurrence of somaclones. It was possible to identify variant somaclonais in the treatments that had included Asterix and Macaca through the minimum describers of the potato.
A batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) é a quarta cultura em importância econômica no mundo depois do trigo, do milho e do arroz. Conseqüentemente, a pesquisa com esta espécie pode trazer benefícios para um considerável número de pessoas. A cultura de tecidos tem contribuído no melhoramento genético da batata no sentido de obtenção de plantas livres de vírus e micropropagação de genótipos elite. No entanto, plantas regeneradas a partir de cultura de tecidos podem exibir variação em importantes caracteres agronômicos. A variação induzida por cultura de tecidos é chamada de variação somaclonal. A ocorrência de variação somaclonal pode ser identificada ainda in vitro por parâmetros auxiliares como a taxa de multiplicação. Em campo, o emprego de marcadores morfológicos pode ser usado para identificar somaclones. O trabalho teve como objetivos: avaliar o comportamento in vitro das cultivares Asterix e Macaca de batata através da taxa de multiplicação observada durante um período de oito meses. Identificar variantes somaclonais provenientes do cultivo in vitro das cultivares Asterix e Macaca através de marcadores morfológicos; avaliar o efeito do genótipo, do tempo de subcultivo e do tipo de explante sobre a ocorrência de variantes somaclonais. Foi empregada a taxa de multiplicação na tentativa de identificar a ocorrência de variação somaclonal na cultivares de batata Asterix e Macaca com três fontes de explantes (ápice caulinar, segmento nodal e calo) e dois tempos de subcultivo (70 meses-clone velho e 12 meses-clone novo). A caracterização morfológica das plantas e tubérculos básicos foi efetuada segundo metodologia descrita por COLLARES (2002) baseada nos descritores mínimos da batata. A taxa de multiplicação da cultivar Macaca foi maior que a de Asterix e o comportamento da de Macaca oscilou entre valores extremos diferente do observado em Asterix. A taxa de multiplicação in vitro depende da cultivar. Através da caracterização morfológica foi possível identificar que as cultivares Asterix e Macaca apresentaram comportamento diferente quanto à estabilidade dos caracteres morfológicos ao passarem por cultivo in vitro. O explante derivado de calo apresentou a maior ocorrência de variantes somaclonais, tanto para os tratamentos que incluíram Asterix como Macaca. Os tempos de subcultivo de 70 meses e 12 meses não foram adequados para manutenção dos caracteres diagnósticos das cultivares Asterix e Macaca devido à ocorrência de variantes somaclonais. Foi possível identificar variantes somaclonais nos tratamentos que incluíram Asterix e Macaca através dos descritores mínimos da batata.
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Rigão, Maria Helena. "Correlação canônica para identificação de caracteres importantes na seleção precoce de tubérculos de batata." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3176.
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The potato is recognized worldwide as an important source of food to decrease hunger, because of its nutritional traits, as well as an alternative to rural employment and financial income. In Brazil, potato is characterized by high dependence of cultivars of European origin, for this reason, many universities and companies have contributed to breeding researches, in an attempt to achieve cultivars with quality and adaptation it to our conditions. A strategy used by breeders is the early selection, to reduce costs and effort for clones maintenance and
multiplication. The objective of this work was to test the canonical correlation, as a statistical tool to assist in the early selection of potatoes clones, to identify characters, related to tubers planted and their production. For this, there three experiments in three different seasons were conducted, in the experimental area Fitotecnia Department of the Federal University of Santa
Maria, with 10 potatoes progenies. The characters used for the analysis of canonical correlation were the tubers planted and their production: length, larger diameter, smaller diameter and mass. The canonical correlation identified shows that there is a relationship between characters of the tubers planted and produced. The largest association occurs with tuber length, suggesting that if it were planted long tubers, you get, more elongated tubers as well.A cultura da batata é mundialmente reconhecida como uma importante fonte de alimento no combate a fome, por suas qualidades nutricionais, bem como uma alternativa ao emprego rural e ingressos financeiros. No Brasil a batata caracteriza-se por uma grande dependência de cultivares de origem européia, motivo pelo qual, muitas universidades e empresas dedicam-se a pesquisa, na área de melhoramento, na tentativa de obter cultivares de qualidade e adaptada as nossas condições. Uma estratégia utilizada pelos melhoristas é a seleção precoce, por reduzir custos e trabalho para manutenção e multiplicação de clones. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a correlação canônica, como uma ferramenta estatística capaz de auxiliar na seleção precoce de clones de batata, identificando os caracteres, altamente relacionados, entre tubérculos plantados e sua produção. Para isto realizaram-se três ensaios, em três diferentes épocas, na área experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, utilizando 10 progênies de batata. Os caracteres utilizados, para a realização da análise de correlação canônica, para os tubérculos plantados e sua respectiva produção foram: comprimento, maior diâmetro, menor diâmetro e massa. A correlação canônica identificou que há uma relação entre caracteres de tubérculos plantados e produzidos. A maior associação ocorre em comprimento de tubérculos, sugerindo que, ao plantar-se tubérculos mais longos obtém-se, também, tubérculos mais alongados.
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Nassar, Atef. "Use of somatic embryogenesis in potato «Solanum tuberosum L.)» cv. Russet Burbank improvement." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66878.
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'Russet Burbank', the most important potato in North America, was described as a putative periclinal mutation from 'Burbank' and has not parented outstanding cultivars. The current study aimed to: (1) investigate the present chimeral status of NB 'Russet Burbank' based on tuber periderm phenotype, (2) determine if yield and/or processing characteristics of NB 'Russet Burbank' could be improved through selection of intraclones, (3) determine whether pre-selected somaclones had sufficient variation in protein content (crude (CP), total soluble (TSP)), or resistance to Phytophthora infestans (US-8) to select for, and (4) examine long-term stability in protein content. Somatic embryogenesis technology was used to regenerate intraclones of the NB clone of 'Russet Burbank' potato. Approx. 800 intraclones were regenerated and field-tested from 2005 to 2007. At harvest, we selected somaclones with the greatest yield compared with NB 'Russet Burbank' control. Following storage, tubers of selected clones were tested for processing quality characteristics and protein content. Late blight resistance was examined in the greenhouse for 2 years. Results showed that most intraclones had tubers with russet periderm. About 4 % of intraclones had non-russet tubers and 21 % had patchy periderm. Presently, NB 'Russet Burbank' is not organized as periclinal chimera (Nassar et al. 2008). From 2-9 % of intraclones had superior reducing sugar characteristics. Two promising somaclones with good yield and reducing sugars were selected by industry for further evaluation. Molecular characterization is now needed for advanced somaclones with improved processing features. Somatic embryogenesis technology generated sufficient somaclonal variation for potential improvement of NB 'Russet Burbank' (Nassar et al. 2009a). One advanced somaclone had greater CP content than control in 2008. One somaclone had lesser TSP content for 3 consecutiLa Russet Burbank, le cultivar de pommes de terre le plus important en Amérique du Nord, a longtemps été considérée comme dérivé d'une mutation périclinale de la 'Burbank'. Cette étude avait pour but: (1) d'évaluer le statut chimérique de la NB ' Russet Burbank' en se basant sur le phénotype péridermique des tubercules; (2) de déterminer si les caractéristiques de performance au champ et/ou de transformation peuvent être améliorées à l'aide d'une sélection d'intraclones; (3) de déterminer si les somaclones sélectionnés montrent suffisamment de variation dans leur contenu protéique (protéine brute (PB) et protéines solubles totales (PST)) ou leur résistance à Phytophthora infestans, pour permettre le triage de ces traits phénotypiques et 4) d'examiner la stabilité a long terme du contenu protéique. Environ 800 intraclones du clone NB générés utilisant la technologie d'embryogenèse somatique ont été testés au champ (2005 à 2007). Les somaclones ayant les meilleurs rendements, comparés aux témoins, ont été sélectionnés. Après l'entreposage, leurs qualités à la transformation et leur contenu protéique furent évalué. Presque tous les intraclones générés possédaient des tubercules avec des péridermes 'russet', 4% avaient des tubercules non-'russet' et 21% montraient des péridermes tachetés. La NB 'Russet Burbank' n'est pas actuellement organisé dans un arrangement périclinal chimérique (Nassar et al. 2008). Deux somaclones prometteurs ayant des rendements et des qualités de transformation améliorées fut fournis à l'industrie locale pour des évaluations futures. Suffisamment de variation entre les somaclones fut générée pour potentiellement permettre d'améliorer ce cultivar (Nassar et. al 2009a). Un somaclone possédait des teneurs en PST significativement plus faibles, comparés aux témoins, pour 3 années consécutives et 7 avaient des ten
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Yoon, Kab Seog. "Investigations of a two-step process for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) microtuber production." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Botany, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6561.
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Standard protocols for potato plantlet multiplication from nodal explants and for subsequent microtuberization were established. Liquid Murashige and Skoog (1962) basal media containing 3% (w/v) or 8% (w/v) sucrose without any exogenous plant growth regulators were used for plantlet multiplication or microtuberization respectively. More than 20 variations to the standard protocols, either during the plantlet multiplication step or the microtuberization step were investigated in relation to plantlet growth, microtuber number, average fresh microtuber weight and microtuber weight distribution. The responses of two potato cultivars ('Iwa' and 'Daeji') were compared. Time courses of some major changes in the media were also studied.
Initially, it was found that sucrose disappearance from the standard microtuberization medium, microtuber initiation, development and cessation of further growth, invertase activity development in the medium, osmotic potential changes and pH changes in the medium appeared to be correlative events. However, the data from the different experiments in this study indicate that most of these changes are associated with the 8% sucrose medium but are not strictly related to microtuberization. Among the 21 variations to the standard protocols, whether during plantlet multiplication or during in vitro tuberization, medium replacement was most effective in inducing the formation of bigger and more microtubers.
In the course of this study, it was observed that at the end of the plantlet multiplication step the root had turned green. Even more interesting is that some of these green roots remained green after 10 weeks in darkness for the microtuberization step. A small-scale ultrastructural study confirms the occurrence of chloroplasts in the green roots during plantlet growth and also at the end of the microtuberization step in the dark.
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孫嘉華 and Ka-wah Sun. "Molecular cloning and characterization of an ethylene receptor gene inpotato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241001.
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Shehab, Gaber Mohamed Gomaa. "Molecular aspects of resistance to late blight disease in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4032/.
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Diseases caused by micro-organisms are still a major threat to the agro-industry worldwide. Diseases not only have negative effects on crop yields, but also they can affect the quality of crops post-harvest. Genetic engineering is one of several strategies that have been developed to control plant diseases and to enhance plant disease resistance to pathogens. Although some genetic strategies have provided plants with enhanced disease resistance, some pathogens can easily overcome this resistance by rapid evolution resulting in a lack of durability in the field. The oomycete Phytophthora infestans, the causal pathogen of late blight disease of potato, is an example of a crop pathogen that causes a major problem in one of the most important crops worldwide. Many efforts have been made trying to control this pathogen including chemical controls and genetic engineering, but unfortunately it remains a severe problem and the control measures are rarely very successful. Due to the complexity of this pathogen, and to limit the need for chemical control, breeding programmes to incorporate durable forms of genetic resistance are crucially needed. Although, this type of resistance is believed to be effective against all known races of P. infestans and provide in additional some level of general resistance, until now the genetic bases of this type of resistance is still unknown and the molecular mechanisms poorly understood. This project set out to isolate and identify gene sequences that are induced during the compatible interaction between cultured potato plants and P. infestans, specifically those leading to the establishment of durable resistance. It was demonstrated that the potato variety Stirling is capable of developing this type of resistance as judged by the development of resistant shoots during the interaction with Phytophthora. These shoots showed very strong resistance not only to Phytophthora but also to other potato pathogens (R. solani and F. sulphureum) even after two generations of culturing the plants in the absence of the pathogen. The fast production of ROS and the tight deposition of callose surrounding the hypersensitive cells, which deprive the pathogen of nutrients and limit pathogen growth to a small region of the plant, may be important factors in the success of the durable plants in defending themselves against the pathogen attack.
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Job, André Luiz Gomes [UNESP]. "Doses e parcelamento da adubação potássica na cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113791.
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000806682.pdf: 1212856 bytes, checksum: 9bdc93d0aca0fe7af2adc814f3b02a62 (MD5)Com o uso de cultivares de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) mais produtivas, possivelmente a demanda por nutrientes também ficou maior, levando a necessidade de se adequar a adubação. Dentre os nutrientes absorvidos pela cultura, destaca-se o potássio (K), que é extraído em grande quantidade, e é de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento da cultura, para a elevação da produtividade e para proporcionar tubérculos de maior qualidade. Muitos produtores estão adotando adubações sem recomendação técnicas e, como o K é muito extraído pela cultura, as baixas doses de K e manejo inadequado podem estar limitando a produtividade, principalmente em áreas com baixos teores de K disponível. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses e do parcelamento da adubação potássica na nutrição e produtividade da cultura da batata, cv. Ágata. Foram realizados três experimentos em campo, em solos de textura argilosa e com teores baixo (0,7 mmolc dm-3), médio (1,6 mmolc dm-3) e alto (3,7 mmolc dm-3) de K trocável. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x2+1, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação de três doses de K (100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1 de K2O), com duas formas de parcelamento (100% no sulco de plantio e 50% no sulco + 50% em cobertura, por ocasião da amontoa) e mais uma testemunha (sem aplicação de K). Independentemente do parcelamento, o aumento das doses de K proporcionou incremento no teor de K na folha da batateira, cultivada em solos com baixa, média e alta disponibilidade de K, porém, de forma mais acentuada no solo com baixo teor. No solo com baixo teor de K trocável, a aplicação da dose K totalmente no sulco de plantio proporcionou maior teor de K na folha do que quando parcelado no plantio e em cobertura. Independentemente da disponibilidade de ...
With the use of more productive potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars, the plant’s demand for nutrients has possibly increased, raising the necessity of adjustments on fertilizer application. Potassium (K), which is extracted in high amounts, is one of the main nutrients absorbed by the plant. This compound is of pivotal importance to potato development, especially to increase its yield and to generate high quality tubers. Many producers are making use of fertilization without a proper technical recommendation. As K uptake by the plant is very high, low K rates and inadequate management can impair tuber yield, mainly in soil with low K availability. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of K fertilization rates and split application on nutrition and yield or potato crop, cv. Agata. For this, three field experiments was carried out on clay-textured soils with low (0.7 mmolc dm-3), medium (1.6 mmolc dm-3) and high (3.7 mmolc dm-3) exchangeable K concentration. These experiments was conducted under a randomized block design using a 3x2+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of three K rates (100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1 K2O), combined with two forms of split application (100 % at planting furrow or 50% at planting furrow + 50% at sidedressing, during hilling) and a control (without K application). Regardless of installments, increasing K rates showed an increase in K concentration in leaf of potato grown in soils with low, medium, and high K availability, but more markedly in soil with low availability. In soil with low concentration of exchangeable K, the application of K rate totally at planting furrow increased the concentration of K in the leaf than when split applied at planting and hilling. Regardless of the soil K availability, K fertilization reduced the concentrations of P, Ca, and Mg in leaf of potato crop and little influenced the ...
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Job, André Luiz Gomes 1979. "Doses e parcelamento da adubação potássica na cultura da batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) /." Botucatu, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113791.
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Orientador: Rogério Peres SorattoCoorientador: Adalton Mazetti Fernandes
Banca: Thiago Leandro Factor
Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Boas
Resumo: Com o uso de cultivares de batata (Solanum tuberosum L.) mais produtivas, possivelmente a demanda por nutrientes também ficou maior, levando a necessidade de se adequar a adubação. Dentre os nutrientes absorvidos pela cultura, destaca-se o potássio (K), que é extraído em grande quantidade, e é de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento da cultura, para a elevação da produtividade e para proporcionar tubérculos de maior qualidade. Muitos produtores estão adotando adubações sem recomendação técnicas e, como o K é muito extraído pela cultura, as baixas doses de K e manejo inadequado podem estar limitando a produtividade, principalmente em áreas com baixos teores de K disponível. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses e do parcelamento da adubação potássica na nutrição e produtividade da cultura da batata, cv. Ágata. Foram realizados três experimentos em campo, em solos de textura argilosa e com teores baixo (0,7 mmolc dm-3), médio (1,6 mmolc dm-3) e alto (3,7 mmolc dm-3) de K trocável. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x2+1, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação de três doses de K (100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1 de K2O), com duas formas de parcelamento (100% no sulco de plantio e 50% no sulco + 50% em cobertura, por ocasião da amontoa) e mais uma testemunha (sem aplicação de K). Independentemente do parcelamento, o aumento das doses de K proporcionou incremento no teor de K na folha da batateira, cultivada em solos com baixa, média e alta disponibilidade de K, porém, de forma mais acentuada no solo com baixo teor. No solo com baixo teor de K trocável, a aplicação da dose K totalmente no sulco de plantio proporcionou maior teor de K na folha do que quando parcelado no plantio e em cobertura. Independentemente da disponibilidade de ...
Abstract: With the use of more productive potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars, the plant's demand for nutrients has possibly increased, raising the necessity of adjustments on fertilizer application. Potassium (K), which is extracted in high amounts, is one of the main nutrients absorbed by the plant. This compound is of pivotal importance to potato development, especially to increase its yield and to generate high quality tubers. Many producers are making use of fertilization without a proper technical recommendation. As K uptake by the plant is very high, low K rates and inadequate management can impair tuber yield, mainly in soil with low K availability. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of K fertilization rates and split application on nutrition and yield or potato crop, cv. Agata. For this, three field experiments was carried out on clay-textured soils with low (0.7 mmolc dm-3), medium (1.6 mmolc dm-3) and high (3.7 mmolc dm-3) exchangeable K concentration. These experiments was conducted under a randomized block design using a 3x2+1 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of three K rates (100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1 K2O), combined with two forms of split application (100 % at planting furrow or 50% at planting furrow + 50% at sidedressing, during hilling) and a control (without K application). Regardless of installments, increasing K rates showed an increase in K concentration in leaf of potato grown in soils with low, medium, and high K availability, but more markedly in soil with low availability. In soil with low concentration of exchangeable K, the application of K rate totally at planting furrow increased the concentration of K in the leaf than when split applied at planting and hilling. Regardless of the soil K availability, K fertilization reduced the concentrations of P, Ca, and Mg in leaf of potato crop and little influenced the ...
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Mihr, Christina [Verfasser]. "Proteomanalysen zur Charakterisierung agronomisch bedeutender Merkmale in Brassica napus L. und Solanum tuberosum L / Christina Mihr." Aachen : Shaker, 2003. http://d-nb.info/1179031628/34.
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