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Journal articles on the topic 'Sol-immobilization'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

Figueira, Joelise de Alencar, Fernanda Furlan Gonçalves Dias, Hélia Harumi Sato, and Pedro Fernandes. "Screening of Supports for the Immobilization of β-Glucosidase." Enzyme Research 2011 (September 11, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/642460.

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A set of supports were screened for the immobilization of a partially purified extract of β-glucosidase from Aspergillus sp. These supports, namely, Eupergit, Amberlite, alginate, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol- (PVA-) based matrices (Lentikats), and sol-gel, have proved effective for the implementation of some other enzyme-based processes. The initial criterion for selection of promising supports prior to further characterization relied on the retention of the catalytic activity following immobilization. Based on such criterion, where immobilization in sol-gel and in Lentikats outmatched the remaining approaches, those two systems were further characterized. Immobilization did not alter the pH/activity profile, whereas the temperature/activity profile was improved when sol-gel support was assayed. Both thermal and pH stability were improved as a result of immobilization. An increase in the apparent KM (Michaelis constant) was observed following immobilization, suggesting diffusion limitations.

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2

Mokhtarian, Asghar, Jean Pascal Lefaucheur, Patrick C. Even, and Alain Sebille. "Hindlimb immobilization applied to 21-day-oldmdx mice prevents the occurrence of muscle degeneration." Journal of Applied Physiology 86, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 924–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.3.924.

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Dystrophin-deficient skeletal muscles of mdx mice undergo their first rounds of degeneration-regeneration at the age of 14–28 days. This feature is thought to result from an increase in motor activity at weaning. In this study, we hypothesize that if the muscle is prevented from contracting, it will avoid the degenerative changes that normally occur. For this purpose, we developed a procedure of mechanical hindlimb immobilization in 3-wk-old mice to restrain soleus (Sol) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles in the stretched or shortened position. After a 14-day period of immobilization, the striking feature was the low percentage of regenerated (centronucleated) myofibers in Sol and EDL muscles, regardless of the length at which they were fixed, compared with those on the contralateral side (stretched Sol: 8.4 ± 6.5 vs. 46.6 ± 10.3%, P = 0.0008; shortened Sol: 1.2 ± 1.6 vs. 50.4 ± 16.4%, P = 0.0008; stretched EDL: 05 ± 0.5 vs. 32.9 ± 17.5%, P = 0.002; shortened EDL: 3.3 ± 3.1 vs. 34.7 ± 11.1%, P = 0.002). Total numbers of myofibers did not change with immobilization. This study shows that limb immobilization prevents the occurrence of the first round of myofiber necrosis in mdx mice and suggests that muscle contractions play a role in the skeletal muscle degeneration of dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse muscles.

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3

Jürgen-Lohmann, Domink L., and Raymond L. Legge. "Immobilization of bovine catalase in sol–gels." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 39, no. 4 (August 2006): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.11.015.

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4

Vlad-Oros, Beatrice, Monica Dragomirescu, Gabriela Preda, Cecilia Savii, and Adrian Chiriac. "Bioorganically doped sol-gel materials containing amyloglucosidase activity." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 37 (2006): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0637179v.

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Amyloglucosidase (AMG) from Aspergillus niger was encapsulated in various matrices derived from tetraethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, phenyltriethoxysilane and vinyltriacetoxysilane by different methods of immobilization. The immobilized enzyme was prepared by entrapment in two steps, in one-step and entrapment/deposition, respectively. The activities of the immobilized AMG were assayed and compared with that of the native enzyme. The effects of the organosilaneprecursors and their molar ratios, the immobilization method, the inorganic support (white ceramic, red ceramic, purolite, alumina, TiO2, celite, zeolite) and enzyme loading upon the immobilized enzyme activity were tested. The efficiency of the sol-gel biocomposites can be improved through combination of the fundamental immobilization techniques and selection of the precursors.

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5

Vinogradov, Vladimir V., and David Avnir. "Exceptional thermal stability of industrially-important enzymes by entrapment within nano-boehmite derived alumina." RSC Advances 5, no. 15 (2015): 10862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra10944a.

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6

Tian, Peng, Zhen Yan Shi, Li Yan Liu, Gang Liu, Yan Hong Kang, and Hui Zhang. "Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol in Wastewater Using Nanometer TiO₂ Film under UV Light Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 1485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.1485.

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In this paper, using tetrabutyl titanate as source, H2O2(30%) as solvent, synthesis of titanium dioxide sol was achieved by sol-gel method. A transparent sol aging in air 30min, titanium dioxide films were prepared by using spin coating method. The photodegradation capability of 4-chlorophenol has been enhanced by using immobilized TiO2 particles, where the titanium sol synthesized by a sol-gel method was used as the binder for the immobilization. Optimal conditions of TiO2film, 4-chlorophenol concentration, solution pH, and UV irradiation intensity have been found to enhance the photodegradation efficiency.

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7

Indriani, Yulia, Afifah Sri Agustiah Putr Sutanti, Megadita Ayuningtyas, and Hendri Widiyandari. "A Brief Review: Immobilization of TiO₂ Photocatalyst Materials on Supporting Surfaces for Degradation of Organic Pollutants." Materials Science Forum 1044 (August 27, 2021): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1044.153.

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The process of final disposal of industrial wastewater is an important issue to avoid contamination. Photocatalyst technology can be a solution to waste control by degrading organic pollutants. The synthesis process of TiO2 catalyst immobilized with supporting materials has been proven more efficient in photocatalyst activation. This gives a high UV adsorption power and does not require further handling of the final purification process because it does not produce a catalyst suspension. Immobilization methods are simplest but still produce high efficiency, namely, the thermal milling method and the sol-gel method. Both methods can produce 97% efficiency. Immobilization using thermal milling can take quickly and only through one step but requires a long time in the degradation process. Besides, immobilization using the sol-gel method requires several steps, but the process of degradation is fast. The method used must be by the type of support material, the pollutants to be degraded, and the operating system like coating time. This paper focuses on the immobilization method suitable to support materials to maximize the degradation process.

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8

Rizki, Krismonalia, Deni Pranowo, and Tri Joko Raharjo. "Immobilization of lipase in silica gel from rice husk ash and its activity assay to hydrolyze palm oil." BIO Web of Conferences 28 (2020): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202803005.

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A free lipase is one of the biocatalysts used for industrial applications, especially to catalyze the hydrolysis of palm oil. However, it is unstable in an extreme condition so it is easy to denature. Immobilization of lipase improve the enzyme's stability since the cage of the immobilization matrix around the lipase can minimalize denaturation. Silica gel is the most chosen matrix because of its high thermal stability and inertness. Lipase was immobilized in silica gel extracted from rice husk ash. Silica gel was prepared in a sodium silicate solution. Sol-gel process occurred when phosphoric acid was added into the sodium silicate solution until it reached a pH of 7. The immobilization process was initiated by reacting lipase in Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) added to the sol solution to produce hydrogel. Hydrogel was got into the dry process to form xerogel. The activity assay was conducted in the hydrolysis reaction by titrimetric method. The immobilized lipase resulted had an immobilization percentage of 67.71% and reusability for 6 cycles.

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9

Weiser, Diána, Flóra Nagy, Gergely Bánóczi, Márk Oláh, Attila Farkas, András Szilágyi, Krisztina László, et al. "Immobilization engineering – How to design advanced sol–gel systems for biocatalysis?" Green Chemistry 19, no. 16 (2017): 3927–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc00896a.

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10

Tian, Peng, Lu Sun, Gang Liu, Yan Hong Kang, Ji Dong Duan, and Wen Le Du. "Degradation of Alizarin Red Solution Using Nanometer TiO₂ Film under UV Light Irradiation." Advanced Materials Research 643 (January 2013): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.643.170.

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This paper explores the sol-gel titanium dioxide the conditions of experiments to determine the best conditions. The photodegradation capability of alizarin red has been enhanced by using immobilized TiO2 particles, where the titanium sol synthesized by a sol-gel method was used as the binder for the immobilization. Optimal conditions of TiO2 film, alizarin red concentration, solution pH, and UV irradiation intensity have been found to enhance the photodegradation efficiency.

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11

Gopal, P., T. Madhusudana Reddy, C. Nagaraju, and G. Narasimha. "Preparation, characterization and analytical application of an electrochemical laccase biosensor towards low level determination of isoprenaline in human serum samples." RSC Adv. 4, no. 101 (2014): 57591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09989c.

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12

Stanciu, Lia, Melania-Liliana Arsene, and Constanta Parlog. "IMMOBILIZATION OF ALCOHOL OXIDASE IN SiO2 MATRIX PREPARED BY SOL-GEL METHOD." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 6, no. 6 (June 20, 1998): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v6.n6.1998.86_1998.pdf.

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The possibility of obtaining a biochemical sensor for colorimetric determination was studied for this purpose, we have used the redox indicator 2.6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) and the binary enzymatic system composed by alcohol oxidase (AO) and peroxidase (PER). The binary enzymatic system immobilized in an inert SiO2 matrix was obtained by modfied sol-gel process. The chromogen and binary enzymatic system immobilization into a SiO2 matrix was confirmed by I.R. spectroscopy. By immobilization of the enzymatic system, both the stability and enzymatic activity increase.

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13

Peter, F., C. Zarcula, R. Croitoru, and L. Corici. "Optimization of lipase biocatalytic performances through sol–gel immobilization." New Biotechnology 25 (September 2009): S140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.463.

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14

GILL, IQBAL, and ANTONIO BALLESTEROS. "Novel Sol-Gel Matrices for the Immobilization of Enzymes." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 799, no. 1 Enzyme Engine (October 1996): 697–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33276.x.

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15

Zou, Lan, Hei-Leung Pang, Pak-Ho Chan, Zhi-Shu Huang, Lian-Quan Gu, and Kwok-Yin Wong. "Covalent immobilization of carbohydrates on sol–gel-coated microplates." Analyst 133, no. 9 (2008): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b805346d.

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16

Campostrini, R., G. Carturan, R. Caniato, A. Piovan, R. Filippini, G. Innocenti, and E. M. Cappelletti. "Immobilization of plant cells in hybrid sol-gel materials." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 7, no. 1-2 (August 1996): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00401888.

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17

Fitts, R. H., and C. J. Brimmer. "Recovery in skeletal muscle contractile function after prolonged hindlimb immobilization." Journal of Applied Physiology 59, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 916–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.59.3.916.

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Contractile properties of slow-twitch soleus (SOL), fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and fast-twitch superficial region of the vastus lateralis were determined in vitro (22 degrees C) in rats remobilized after prolonged (3 mo) hindlimb immobilization (IM). For all muscles the muscle-to-body weight ratio was significantly depressed by IM, and the ratios failed to completely recover even after 90 days. The contractile properties of the fast-twitch muscles were less affected by IM than the slow-twitch SOL. The IM shortened the SOL isometric twitch duration due to a reduced contraction and half-relaxation time. These parameters returned to control levels by the 14th day of recovery. Peak tetanic tension (Po, g/cm2) declined with IM by 46% in the SOL but showed no significant change in the fast-twitch muscles. After IM the SOL Po (g/cm2) recovered to control values by 28 days. The recovery of Po in absolute units (g) was considerably slower and did not return to control levels until 60 (SOL) to 90 (EDL) days. The maximum shortening velocity was not altered by IM in any of the muscles studied. These results demonstrate that both fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles possess the ability to completely recover normal contractile function following prolonged periods of hindlimb IM.

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18

Karume, Ibrahim, Musa M. Musa, Odey Bsharat, Masateru Takahashi, Samir M. Hamdan, and Bassam El Ali. "Dual enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution by Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase and Candida antarctica lipase B." RSC Advances 6, no. 99 (2016): 96616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18895h.

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The immobilization of Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (TeSADH) using sol–gel method enables its use to racemize enantiopure alcohols in organic media, thus allows for a dual enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution.

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19

Alshammari, Hamed. "Synthesis of Carboxylic Acid by 2-Hexenal Oxidation Using Gold Catalysts Supported on MnO2." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2016407.

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Synthesis of carboxylic acid can be achieved by the oxidation of aldehyde using air as an oxidant in the presence of a potential catalyst. We demonstrated that 2-hexenal can be oxidized to carboxylic acid by Au, Pd, and Au-Pd catalysts and investigated the effects of catalyst support (graphite, TiO2, MgO, SiC, MnO2, CeO2, and Al2O3), preparation method for supported catalyst (sol immobilization, impregnation, and deposition precipitation), and choice of catalyst components. Analysis of conversion% and selectivity% for 2-hexenoic acid showed that MnO2-supported gold nanoparticles are the best catalysts for 2-hexenal oxidation. Moreover, catalysts prepared by sol immobilization are the most active possibly due to the much smaller gold nanoparticle size. Selectivity for 2-hexenoic acid is a major pathway of oxidation of 2-hexenal.

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20

Morandi, Sara, Maela Manzoli, Carine E. Chan-Thaw, Barbara Bonelli, Marta Stucchi, Laura Prati, Heike Störmer, et al. "Unraveling the effect of ZrO2 modifiers on the nature of active sites on AuRu/ZrO2 catalysts for furfural hydrogenation." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 4, no. 3 (2020): 1469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00847k.

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21

Chen, Jyh-Ping, and Wei-Shin Lin. "Sol-gel powders and supported sol-gel polymers for immobilization of lipase in ester synthesis." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 32, no. 7 (June 2003): 801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0229(03)00052-8.

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22

Vasilescu, Corina, Cristina Paul, Simona Marc, Iosif Hulka, and Francisc Péter. "Development of a Tailored Sol-Gel Immobilized Biocatalyst for Sustainable Synthesis of the Food Aroma Ester n-Amyl Caproate in Continuous Solventless System." Foods 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 2485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11162485.

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This study reports the synthesis of a hybrid sol-gel material, based on organically modified silanes (ORMOSILs) with epoxy functional groups, and its application in the stabilization of lipase type B from Candida antarctica (CalB) through sol-gel entrapment. The key immobilization parameters in the sol-gel entrapment of lipase using epoxysilanes were optimized by the design of numerous experiments, demonstrating that glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane can allow the formation of a matrix with excellent properties in view of the biocatalytic esterifications catalyzed by this lipase, at an enzyme loading of 25 g/mol of silane. The characterization of the immobilized biocatalyst and the correlation of its catalytic efficiency with the morphological and physicochemical properties of the sol-gel matrix was accomplished through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence microscopy (FM), as well as thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The operational and thermal stability of lipase were increased as a result of immobilization, with the entrapped lipase retaining 99% activity after 10 successive reaction cycles in the batch solventless synthesis of n-amyl caproate. A possible correlation of optimal productivity and yield was attempted for this immobilized lipase via the continuous flow synthesis of n-amyl caproate in a solventless system. The robustness and excellent biocatalytic efficiency of the optimized biocatalyst provide a promising solution for the synthesis of food-grade flavor esters, even at larger scales.

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23

Krishnan, Thurgadewi, Ng Con Nie, Wan Rafizah Wan Abdullah, Mohamad Awang, and Wan Salida Wan Mansor. "TITANIUM DIOXIDE SOL-GEL/ZINC OXIDE POWDER-COATED CLAY BEADS IN PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTOR." Jurnal Teknologi 85, no. 1 (December 2, 2022): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v85.18478.

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Catalyst Immobilization methods are important for providing better recovery of catalyst in photocatalytic treatment. The aim is to characterize and evaluate the photocatalytic performance of TiO2/ZnO-coated clay beads. The titanium dioxide/zinc oxide (TiO2/ZnO)-coated clay beads were prepared via the sol-gel process. Various ZnO powder ratios gave different TiO2/ZnO composites sol. Four layers of TiO2/ZnO sol were coated on clay beads and dried in the oven at 100°C for 30 min. The coated clay beads were calcined at 500°C for one hour for every two layers. Characterization of coated clay beads was done using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The increased surface area on small agglomeration and optimum loading of ZnO (5 g) resulted in the highest degradation efficiency recorded at 86.57%. An effective catalyst immobilization achieved a good recycling performance on clay beads. Degradation rate data were presented by pseudo-first-order kinetics. It was observed that the average degradation rate for TiO2/5 g ZnO is 0.00836 min–1. The actual results in this work can be applied as a guideline for the preparation of TiO2/ZnO-coated clay beads with high photocatalytic performance.

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24

Alshammari, Khaled, Yubiao Niu, Richard E. Palmer, and Nikolaos Dimitratos. "Optimization of sol-immobilized bimetallic Au–Pd/TiO 2 catalysts: reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol for wastewater remediation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2176 (July 6, 2020): 20200057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0057.

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A sol-immobilization method is used to synthesize a series of highly active and stable Au x Pd 1− x /TiO 2 catalysts (where x = 0, 0.13, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 0.87 and 1) for wastewater remediation. The catalytic performance of the materials was evaluated for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol, a model wastewater contaminant, using NaBH 4 as the reducing agent under mild reaction conditions. Reaction parameters such as substrate/metal and substrate/reducing agent molar ratios, reaction temperature and stirring rate were investigated. Structure-activity correlations were studied using a number of complementary techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The sol-immobilization route provides very small Au–Pd alloyed nanoparticles, with the highest catalytic performance shown by the Au 0.5 Pd 0.5 /TiO 2 catalyst. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Science to enable the circular economy’.

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25

Al-Nayili, Abbas, and Mushtaq Albdiry. "AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles supported on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets as catalysts for hydrogen generation from formic acid under ambient temperature." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 22 (2021): 10040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj01658j.

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Monometallic Au and Pd, and bimetallic Au_xPd_y (x/y mole ratio Au/Pd: 3 : 1, 1 : 1 and 1 : 3) catalysts supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) have been synthesised by the sol-immobilization method.

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26

Pierre, A. C. "Sol-Gel Immobilization of Catalytic Molecules and Applications: A Review." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 2127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.2127.

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27

Desimone, Martin, Gisela Alvarez, Maria Foglia, and Luis Diaz. "Development of Sol-Gel Hybrid Materials for Whole Cell Immobilization." Recent Patents on Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187220809787172605.

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28

Kandimalla, Vivek Babu, Vijay Shyam Tripathi, and Huangxian Ju. "Immobilization of Biomolecules in Sol–Gels: Biological and Analytical Applications." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 36, no. 2 (July 2006): 73–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408340600713652.

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29

Loureiro, Mónica V., Mário Vale, Aster De Schrijver, João C. Bordado, Elisabete Silva, and Ana C. Marques. "Hybrid custom-tailored sol-gel derived microscaffold for biocides immobilization." Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 261 (May 2018): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.10.056.

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30

Fernandez Caresani, José Rodrigo, Alexsandro Dallegrave, and João H. Z. dos Santos. "Amylases immobilization by sol–gel entrapment: application for starch hydrolysis." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 94, no. 1 (September 26, 2019): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-019-05136-7.

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31

Li, Feng-Yan, Yan-Jun Xing, and Xin Ding. "Immobilization of papain on cotton fabric by sol–gel method." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 40, no. 7 (June 2007): 1692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.09.007.

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32

Levy, D., I. Gigozin, I. Zamir, B. I. Kuyavskaya, M. Ottolenghi, D. Avnir, and O. Lev. "Immobilization of Quaternary Ammonium Anion Exchangers in Sol-Gel Glasses." Separation Science and Technology 27, no. 5 (April 1992): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399208018904.

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33

Radzyukevich, Tatiana L., and Judith A. Heiny. "Regulation of dihydropyridine receptor gene expression in mouse skeletal muscles by stretch and disuse." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 287, no. 5 (November 2004): C1445—C1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00518.2003.

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This study examined dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) gene expression in mouse skeletal muscles during physiological adaptations to disuse. Disuse was produced by three in vivo models—denervation, tenotomy, and immobilization—and DHPR α1s mRNA was measured by quantitative Northern blot. After 14-day simultaneous denervation of the soleus (Sol), tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and gastrocnemius (Gastr) muscles by sciatic nerve section, DHPR mRNA increased preferentially in the Sol and TA (+1.6-fold), whereas it increased in the EDL (+1.6-fold) and TA (+1.8-fold) after selective denervation of these muscles by peroneal nerve section. It declined in all muscles (−1.3- to −2.6-fold) after 14-day tenotomy, which preserves nerve input but removes mechanical tension. Atrophy was comparable in denervated and tenotomized muscles. These results suggest that factor(s) in addition to inactivity per se, muscle phenotype, or associated atrophy can regulate DHPR gene expression. To test the contribution of passive tension to this regulation, we subjected the same muscles to disuse by limb immobilization in a maximally dorsiflexed position. DHPR α1s mRNA increased in the stretched muscles (Sol, +2.3-fold; Gastr, +1.5-fold) and decreased in the shortened muscles (TA, −1.4-fold; EDL, −1.3-fold). The effect of stretch was confirmed in vitro. DHPR protein did not change significantly after 4-day immobilization, suggesting that additional levels of regulation may exist. These results demonstrate that DHPR α1s gene expression is regulated as an integral part of the adaptive response of skeletal muscles to disuse in both slow- and fast-twitch muscles and identify passive tension as an important signal for its regulation in vivo.

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34

Yang, Do-Hyeon, Min Jae Shin, Sung Mook Choi, Chang-Soo Lee, and Jae Sup Shin. "Cytochrome c assembly on fullerene nanohybrid metal oxide ultrathin films." RSC Advances 6, no. 23 (2016): 19173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra21928k.

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The immobilization of Cyt. c (cytochrome c) on C₆₀ (fullerene) nanohybrid TiO₂ (titanium dioxide) gel films assembled with C₆₀, Ti(O–ⁿBu)₄ and Cyt. c was realized by a surface sol–gel process.

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35

Bahrami, Shirin, Amarjeet S. Bassi, and Ernest K. Yanful. "Sorption of Heavy Metals with Sol-Gel Particles Containing Crude Metallothionein Extracts from Scchizosaccharomyces pombe." Water Quality Research Journal 42, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2007.015.

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Abstract Crude metallothionein (MT) extracts from Scchizosaccharomyces pombe entrapped in sol-gels were investigated for the removal of heavy metals such as cadmium and zinc. The sol-gel provided a robust immobilization matrix for the protein extract. Adsorption and desorption isotherms were developed for both cadmium and zinc. Both metals were recovered from the sol-gel by desorption using a 1 M NaCl solution. The adsorption kinetic studies showed that cadmium and zinc adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm. The distribution factors for cadmium and zinc were found to be 5.43 L/mg and 2.88 L/mg, respectively. Greater than 60% of Zn2+ was also removed using MT sol-gels. The experiments demonstrated that MT has a greater capacity for Cd than polyethyleneimine immobilized in the sol-gels. The adsorption capacity of MT was found to be 588.2 mg of cadmium and 434.8 mg of zinc per gram of immobilized MT, which is significantly higher than with nonbiological chelators such as polyethyleneimine or EDTA.

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36

Nagy-Győr, László, Emese Farkas, Mihai Lăcătuș, Gergő Tóth, Dániel Incze, Gábor Hornyánszky, Viktória Bódai, Csaba Paizs, László Poppe, and Diána Balogh-Weiser. "Conservation of the Biocatalytic Activity of Whole Yeast Cells by Supported Sol – Gel Entrapment for Efficient Acyloin Condensation." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.14645.

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In this study, an efficient and generally applicable 2nd generation sol – gel entrapment method was developed for immobilization of yeastcells. Cells of Lodderomyces elongisporus, Candida norvegica, Debaryomyces fabryi, Pichia carsonii strains in admixture with hollow silica microspheres support were immobilized in sol – gel matrix obtained from polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane. As biocatalysts in theselective acyloin condensation of benzaldehyde catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase of the yeast, the novel immobilized whole-cell preparations were compared to other states of the cells such as freshly harvested wet cell paste, lyophilized cells and sol – gel entrapped preparations without hollow silica microspheres support. Reusability and storability studies designated this novel 2nd generation sol – gel method as a promising alternative for solid formulation of whole-cells bypassing expensive and difficult downstream steps while providing easy-to-handle and stable biocatalysts with long-term preservation of the biocatalytic activity.

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Konuspayeva, Zere, Gilles Berhault, Pavel Afanasiev, Thanh-Son Nguyen, Suzanne Giorgio, and Laurent Piccolo. "Monitoring in situ the colloidal synthesis of AuRh/TiO2 selective-hydrogenation nanocatalysts." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 33 (2017): 17360–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta03965d.

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AuRh/TiO₂ nanocatalysts have been prepared by colloidal co-reduction followed by sol immobilization. The nanoparticle synthesis is monitored in situ by liquid TEM, DLS and UV-vis, and the catalyst performance in selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde is correlated to structural information obtained from TEM and CO-FTIR.

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Bordbar, A. K., A. A. Rastegari, R. Amiri, E. Ranjbakhsh, M. Abbasi, and A. R. Khosropour. "Characterization of Modified Magnetite Nanoparticles for Albumin Immobilization." Biotechnology Research International 2014 (May 22, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/705068.

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Magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by chemical coprecipitation method. Silica-coated magnetite NPs were prepared by sol-gel reaction, subsequently coated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) via silanization reaction, and then were activated with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) and covalently immobilized with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The size and structure of the particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The immobilization was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). XRD analysis showed that the binding process has not done any phase change to Fe3O4. The immobilization time for this process was 4 h and the amount of immobilized BSA for the initial value of 1.05 mg BSA was about 120 mg/gr nanoparticles. Also, the influences of three different buffer solutions and ionic strength on covalent immobilization were evaluated.

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Doong, Ruey-An, and Hsiao-Chung Tsai. "Immobilization and characterization of sol–gel-encapsulated acetylcholinesterase fiber-optic biosensor." Analytica Chimica Acta 434, no. 2 (May 2001): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00853-4.

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Xu, Qin, Chun Mao, Ni-Na Liu, Jun-Jie Zhu, and Jian Shen. "Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on O-carboxymethylated chitosan/sol–gel matrix." Reactive and Functional Polymers 66, no. 8 (August 2006): 863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2005.11.015.

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Pastor, I., A. Salinas-Castillo, R. Esquembre, R. Mallavia, and C. R. Mateo. "Multienzymatic system immobilization in sol–gel slides: Fluorescent superoxide biosensors development." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 25, no. 6 (February 2010): 1526–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2009.10.029.

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Ariga, Osamu, Tomoharu Suzuki, Yoshiki Sano, and Yasushi Murakami. "Immobilization of a thermostable enzyme using a sol-gel preparation method." Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 82, no. 4 (January 1996): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-338x(96)89147-1.

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Cong, SONG, YU Xiao-Wei, QIAN Dan, SUN Zhen-Zhong, and JIANG Bo. "Immobilization of Lipase on KH560 Modified Silica by Sol-Gel Process." Journal of Inorganic Materials 31, no. 3 (2016): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.15541/jim20150398.

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Vance, E. R. "Sol-gel production of titanosilicate glass-ceramics for nuclear waste immobilization." Journal of Materials Science 21, no. 4 (April 1986): 1413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00553281.

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Soltmann, U., and H. Böttcher. "Utilization of sol–gel ceramics for the immobilization of living microorganisms." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 48, no. 1-2 (May 12, 2008): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-008-1753-9.

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van Unen, Dirk-Jan, Johan F. J. Engbersen, and David N. Reinhoudt. "Sol-gel immobilization of serine proteases for application in organic solvents." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 75, no. 2 (2001): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.1173.

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Reetz, Manfred T., Albin Zonta, and Jörg Simpelkamp. "Efficient immobilization of lipases by entrapment in hydrophobic sol-gel materials." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49, no. 5 (March 26, 2000): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19960305)49:5<527::aid-bit5>3.0.co;2-l.

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Bryaskova, Rayna, Nelly Georgieva, and Dimitar Peshev. "Removal of cadmium and copper ions by Trichosporon cutaneum R57 cells immobilized onto polyvinyl alcohol/tetraethoxysilane hybrid matrices." Open Chemistry 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 1053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-010-0078-z.

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AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) hybrid materials were prepared by sol-gel methods and tested as matrices for immobilization of Trichosporon cutaneum R57, capable of removing cadmium and copper ions from aqueous solutions. A kinetic model was applied and the effects of matrix TEOS content on the copper and cadmium uptake equilibria and rate constants were investigated.

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Goncharenko, Aleksandr A., Ilya A. Tarasyuk, Yuriy S. Marfin, Kirill V. Grzhegorzhevskii, Albert R. Muslimov, Andrey B. Bondarenko, Maxim D. Lebedev, et al. "DDAO Controlled Synthesis of Organo-Modified Silica Nanoparticles with Encapsulated Fluorescent Boron Dipyrrins and Study of Their Uptake by Cancerous Cells." Molecules 25, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 3802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25173802.

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The design of cargo carriers with high biocompatibility, unique morphological characteristics, and capability of strong bonding of fluorescent dye is highly important for the development of a platform for smart imaging and diagnostics. In this paper, BODIPY-doped silica nanoparticles were prepared through a “one-pot” soft-template method using a sol-gel process. Several sol-gel precursors have been used in sol-gel synthesis in the presence of soft-template to obtain the silica-based materials with the most appropriate morphological features for the immobilization of BODIPY molecules. Obtained silica particles have been shown to be non-cytotoxic and can be effectively internalized into the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The described method of synthesis allows us to obtain silica-based carriers with an immobilized fluorescent dye that provide the possibility for real-time imaging and detection of these carriers.

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Lebert, Julie M., Erica M. Forsberg, and John D. Brennan. "Solid-phase assays for small molecule screening using sol-gel entrapped proteinsThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled CSBMCB — Systems and Chemical Biology, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 86, no. 2 (April 2008): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o08-010.

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With compound libraries exceeding one million compounds, the ability to quickly and effectively screen these compounds against relevant pharmaceutical targets has become crucial. Solid-phase assays present several advantages over solution-based methods. For example, a higher degree of miniaturization can be achieved, functional- and affinity-based studies are possible, and a variety of detection methods can be used. Unfortunately, most protein immobilization methods are either too harsh or require recombinant proteins and thus are not amenable to delicate proteins such as kinases and membrane-bound receptors. Sol-gel encapsulation of proteins in an inorganic silica matrix has emerged as a novel solid-phase assay platform. In this minireview, we discuss the development of sol-gel derived protein microarrays and sol-gel based monolithic bioaffinity columns for the high-throughput screening of small molecule libraries and mixtures.

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