Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Soils, Salts in Victoria'
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Nathan, Muhammad. "Clay movement in a saline-sodic soil toposequence." Title page, contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09an274.pdf.
Full textBarzegar, Abdolrahman. "Structural stability and mechanical strength of salt-affected soils." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb296.pdf.
Full textMarwan, M. M. "Changes in physical and chemical properties of saline-sodic soils during removal of salts by leaching with water." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234663.
Full textVernon, Daniel Marc. "Molecular biology of salt tolerance in the facultative halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum: Identification and regulation of stress-responsive mRNAs." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185921.
Full textGao, Yuan. "Changes of tomato fruit composition in response to salinity /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09A/09ag211.pdf.
Full textMulumba, Lukman Nagaya. "Land use effects on soil quality and productivity in the Lake Victoria Basin of Uganda." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095711869.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 166 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 134-153).
Hagi-Bishow, Mohamed. "Assessment of LEACHM-C model for semi-arid saline irrigation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ44178.pdf.
Full textWong, Vanessa Ngar Lai. "The effects of salinity and sodicity on soil organic carbon stocks and fluxes /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20080428.223144/index.html.
Full textPFEIFFER, CHARLES MICHAEL. "GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF MYCORRHIZAL GUAYULE IN SALINE SOILS (ENDOMYCORRHIZAE, GLOMUS INTRARADICES, SALINITY)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183780.
Full textChang, Jingwei, and 常经纬. "Effect of pore water salt content on the coefficient of earth pressure at rest of fine-grained soils." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/202253.
Full textAmer, Saud Abdulaziz 1953. "SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS OF SALT-AFFECTED SOIL." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276542.
Full textNava, Leon Jose Angel 1956. "CHLORIDE AND NITRATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SOIL WITH FURROW AND BURIED DRIP IRRIGATION (SALINITY, SANDY LOAM)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276671.
Full textBlack, Amanda. "Bioavailability of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in soils treated with biosolids and metal salts." Lincoln University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1561.
Full textAlbuquerque, Josà Alfredo de. "Evaluation of environmental liabilities of degradeted soils by salts in Curu Pentecoste Perimeter irrigated, Ceara." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14817.
Full textA pesquisa tem como base fÃsica o PerÃmetro Irrigado Curu Pentecoste, jurisdicionado ao Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas, e como objetivo geral quantificar a extensÃo, o custo da reversÃo e a responsabilidade legal pelo passivo ambiental. A irrigaÃÃo pÃblica no semiÃrido brasileiro tem gerado como subproduto a degradaÃÃo dos solos por sais, formando um passivo ambiental, cuja responsabilidade legal da reversÃo à do poder pÃblico. Para quantificar a extensÃo e o custo da reversÃo do dano ambiental, inicialmente, aplicou-se um questionÃrio aos agricultores irrigantes para analisar o significado que eles dÃo aos problemas relacionados com a irrigaÃÃo, com a Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo e com a degradaÃÃo dos solos. Posteriormente, utilizou-se um sensor de induÃÃo eletromagnÃtica para medir a condutividade elÃtrica no solo, estimando-se o total de sais solÃveis em sua soluÃÃo. Os valores da condutividade elÃtrica aferidos pelo sensor nortearam a coleta de amostras de solo para fins de anÃlise fÃsica e quÃmica, procedendo-se à identificaÃÃo das Ãreas degradadas por sais. Com a definiÃÃo da extensÃo dos danos ambientais, levantaram-se os valores de produtividade das principais culturas e o valor bruto da produÃÃo agrÃcola, para aferir os custos da reversÃo do passivo ambiental. Os resultados demonstraram uma hipossuficiÃncia financeira e tÃcnica dos agricultores irrigantes; que a degradaÃÃo ambiental por sais atinge 67,27% da Ãrea do perÃmetro irrigado. Conclui-se que, em decorrÃncia dos aspectos de solidariedade, a responsabilidade civil objetiva na reparaÃÃo do dano ambiental provocado pela irrigaÃÃo à do poder pÃblico.
The research has as a physical basis the Curu Pentecoste Irrigated Perimeter, under jurisdiction of the Departamento Nacional de Obras Contra as Secas (National Department of Works to Combat Drought) and as an objective quantify the extent, the cost of reversal and legal responsibility for the environmental liability. The public irrigation in the Brazilian semi-arid has generated salt-induced soil degradation as a by-product, originating a legal liability, and its legal responsibility lies with the state authority. To quantify the extent and cost of reverting the environmental damage, initially, a survey was conducted among irrigating farmers to analyze the meaning they give to the problems related to the irrigation, the water used in irrigation and the degradation of the soil. Beforehand an electromagnetic induction sensor was used to measure the electrical conductivity in the soil, estimating the total of soluble salts in its solution. The electrical conductivity values obtained by the sensor oriented the collection of soil samples for the purposes of physical and chemical analyses, proceeding to the identification of the areas degraded by salt. With the definition of the extent of the environmental damage, the values of the main crops and the gross value of the agricultural production were collected to assess the costs of reverting the environmental liability. The results showed financial and technical insufficiencies of the irrigating farmers; that the environmental degradation by salt reaches 67,27% of the irrigated perimeter. In conclusion, as a result of the solidarity aspects, the strict civil liability in repairing the environmental damage caused by irrigation lies with the state authority.
Lenis, Julian Mario. "Physiological traits underlying differences in salt tolerance among glycine species." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5646.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 13, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
Wearing, Cameron. "Sodicity and soil microstructure /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18523.pdf.
Full textAli, Abdul-Mehdi Saleh. "Reactions of urea phosphate in calcareous and alkaline soils: Ammonia volatilization and effects on soil sodium and salinity." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184694.
Full textMcCarthy, Alan John. "Landcare : a means of sustaining viticulture in the Barossa Valley /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm1228.pdf.
Full textMoreau, Sophie. "The detection and delineation of saline/alkali soils in Cochabamba department Bolivia : a comparison of field survey methods with remote sensing using landsat MSS data." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61929.
Full textSultan, Khawar University of Ballarat. "Distribution of arsenic and heavy metals in soils and surface waters in Central Victoria (Ballarat, Creswick and Maldon)." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/12767.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Sultan, Khawar. "Distribution of arsenic and heavy metals in soils and surface waters in Central Victoria (Ballarat, Creswick and Maldon)." University of Ballarat, 2006. http://archimedes.ballarat.edu.au:8080/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/15387.
Full textDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Entus, Jonathan. "Use of time domain reflectometry to monitor water content and electrical conductivity of saline soil." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0032/MQ64350.pdf.
Full textKing, Lyle A. "Land application with saline-sodic coalbed natural gas co-produced waters in Wyoming's Powder River Basin impacts to soil and biological properties /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1221694361&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textSessoms, Holly Nicol. "Water use potential and salt tolerance of riparian species in saline-sodic environments." Thesis, Montana State University, 2004. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2004/sessoms/SessomsH0805.pdf.
Full textWang, ShuHong. "Soil substrate selection for urban trees under deicing salt and compaction conditions." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82446.
Full textHendrati, Rina Laksmi. "Developing systems to identify and deploy saline and waterlogging tolerant lines of Eucalyptus occidentalis Endl." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0036.
Full textAttumi, Al-Arbe. "Effect of salt stress on phosphorus and sodium absorptions by soybean plants." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20242.
Full textDiaz, Melisa A. "Geochemistry of soils from the Shackleton Glacier region, Antarctica, and implications for glacial history, salt dynamics, and biogeography." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595542667761355.
Full textAl-Hazzouri, Abbas Ahmad 1949. "Effect of soil salinity and acidity on the germination of Quercus emoryi and Robinia neo-mexicana seeds." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291761.
Full textHaffar, Jinan. "Irrigation water quality criteria for wheat in semi-arid areas of Syria." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29705.pdf.
Full textMayall, Alison Christina. "Relationship of vegetation to salinity and sodicity in wetland meadows of the Chilcotin region of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24861.
Full textLand and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate
Jacobs, Johan Adolf. "Karakterisering van derivate uit 'n Thinopyrum distichum X tetraploïede rog kruising." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52904.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Soil salinity is a major limiting factor of plant and crop growth, because the absorption of water and nutrients is such a complex process while low and moderate salinity are omnipresent. Plant growth is affected negatively if a specific ion concentration exceeds its threshold and becomes toxic. The detrimental effect of soil affected by salt on crop production is increasing worldwide (Tanji, 1990). The level to which plants can tolerate high salinity levels is genetically controlled with several physiological and genetic mechanisms contributing to salt tolerance (Epstein & Rains, 1987). The most effective way of addressing the limitations of crop productivity in saline areas, is the development of salt tolerant varieties. Understanding the genetics of salt tolerance is, therefore, necessary for the development of an effective breeding strategy for salt tolerance. The department of Genetics (US) conducts a wide crosses research programme aiming to transfer genes for salt tolerance to wheat and triticale. The donor species, Thinopyrum disticum, an indigenous coastal wheat grass, adapted to high concentrations of salt, was crossed with cultivated rye (Secale cereale) in an attempt to study the genetics of salt tolerance (Marais et al., 1998). The primary goal of this study was to find molecular markers (RAPD and AFLP) which associate with chromosomes promoting salt tolerance for later attempts to transfer the genes to triticale. Seventy clones of secondary hybrids (Th disticum /4x-rye 1/2x-rye) were tested for salt tolerance and showed different levels of salt tolerance. RAPD-marker analyses were used to identify polymorphisms between salt tolerant and salt sensitive plants. Twelve RAPD primers produced clear, analyzable and repetitive polymorphic . fragments that can be used as useful markers. Different AFLP-primer combinations were tested against the genotypes of 15 clones (Marais & Marais 2001, unpublished data) and produced approximately 2000 clearly distinguishable AFLP fragments, of which 54 (3%) were polymorphic fragments. Two RAPD fragments and 4 AFLP fragments that can be used as possible markers for the presence of chromosomes that contribute to salt tolerance were identified. The interpretation of the markers was complicated by heterogeneity among plants with regard to the origin of their chromosomes and the genetic diversity of the rye genome. It is also possible that chromosome re-arrangement took place during backcrossing, which could have complicated the data.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Versouting is een van die groot beperkende faktore op plant- en gewasgroei, omdat die opname van water en voedingstowwe so In ingewikkelde proses is en die effek van lae of matige versouting so alomteenwoordig is. Plantgroei word nadelig geaffekteer as 'n spesifieke ioonkonsentrasie sy drempelwaarde oorskry en toksies word. Die nadelige effek van soutgeaffekteerde grond op gewasproduksie, is wêreldwyd aan die toeneem (Tanji, 1990). Die vlak waartoe plante hoë konsentrasies sout kan hanteer is onder genetiese beheer met verskeie fisiologiese en genetiese meganismes wat 'n bydrae maak tot soutverdraagsaamheid (Epstein & Rains, 1987). Die mees effektiewe manier om die beperkinge op gewas produktiwiteit in versoute gebiede te oorkom, is die ontwikkeling van soutverdraagsame variëteite. Begrip van die genetika van soutverdraagsaamheid is dus noodsaaklik vir die ontwikkeling van In effektiewe telingsstrategie. Die departement Genetika (US) bedryf tans 'n wye-kruisings navorsingsprogram waarmee gepoog word om gene vir soutverdraagsaamheid na korog en koring oor te dra. Die skenkerspesie, Thinopyrum disticum, In inheemse strandkoringgras wat aangepas is by hoë konsentrasies sout, is gekruis met verboude rog (Secale cereale) in 'n poging om die oorerwing van soutverdraagsaamheid te bestudeer (Marais et al., 1998). Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om molekulêre merkers (RAPD en AFLP) te vind, wat assosieer met chromosome wat soutverdraagsaamheid bevorder en om nuttige merkers daar te stel vir latere pogings om die gene na korog en koring oor te dra. Ongeveer 70 klone van sekondêre hibriede (Th distichum I 4x-rog /I 2x-rog) is onderwerp aan souttoetse en het verskillende grade van soutverdraagsaamheid getoon. RAPDmerker analise is gebruik om polimorfismes te identifiseer tussen soutverdraagsame en soutsensitiewe plante. Twaalf RAPD inleiers het duidelike, ontleedbare en herhalende polimorfiese fragmente opgelewer en moontlike nuttige merkers uitgewys. Verskillende AFLP-inleier kombinasies, wat getoets is teen die genotipes van 15 klone (Marais & Marais, 2001 ongepubliseerde data) het ongeveer 2000 duidelik onderskeibare AFLP fragmente geproduseer, waarvan 54 (3%) polimorfiese fragmente was. Twee RAPD fragmente en 4 AFLP fragmente is geïdentifiseer wat as moontlike kandidaat merkers gebruik kan word vir die identifisering van chromosome wat bydra tot soutverdraagsaamheid . Die interpretasie van die merkers is bemoeilik deur heterogeniteit tussen die plante wat betref die agtergrond van chromosome wat hulle besit en die genetiese diversiteit van die rog genoom. Dit is ook moontlik dat chromosoom herrangskikking plaasgevind het tydens terugkruising, wat die data verder kon kompliseer.
Owojori, Olugbenga J. (Olugbenga John). "Influence of clay content and salinity on the bioavailability and toxicity of metals (copper and zinc) to soil organisms." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1484.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Metal pollution is a problem of increasing global concern. It could arise from industrial activities, as well as pesticide use in agriculture, among other sources. For adequate protection of the soil ecosystem from metal toxicity, the bioavailability of metals must be properly evaluated. A plethora of soil factors affect the bioavailability of metals to soil organisms. These include pH, clay and organic matter contents, salinity among others. While much is known about the influence of some of these parameters, little is known on how clay content and salinity modify the bioavailability of metals to soil organisms. This study investigated the influence of clay content and salinity on partitioning, uptake and toxicity of two essential metals (Cu and Zn) to the earthworm Eisenia fetida in separate laboratory trials. Partitioning of the metals was evaluated with 0.01 M CaCl2, DTPA (di-ethylene-triamine-penta acetic acid), and nitric acid extractions. The metal content of worms was determined by acid digestion, while growth, cocoon production, and mortality were used as endpoints showing toxicity to metals and/or salinity. To test the validity of some of the laboratory results, a field study was undertaken, using the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Further, the study assessed the effect of salinity, using a battery of laboratory tests (acute, chronic and avoidance tests) with natural and/or artificial soils on four species of organisms (a collembolan Folsomia candida, a potworm Enchytraeus doerjesi and two earthworm species E. fetida and A. caliginosa), representing different feeding patterns and ecological roles in soil. Results showed that with increased clay content, there was increased availability of Cu in the substrate, and increased toxicity to E. fetida as shown by data for mortality and growth. The situation with Zn was less significant at sub-lethal concentrations but much so at lethal concentrations. DTPA and CaCl2 extracted metals revealed changes in partitioning of Cu and Zn with changes in clay content, but this trend was not always consistent. Both DTPA and CaCl2 revealed increased availability of Zn in substrates with increased salinity. Salinity had an additive to synergistic effect with Zn in toxicity to E. fetida. When combined with Cu, salinity also increased the availability of Cu as shown by CaCl2 extracted fraction, and had additive effect on toxicity of Cu to the earthworm. The field study did not succeed in in iv confirming the results of the laboratory study due to confounding role of flooding after heavy rainfall and subsequent leaching of salts and Cu. The results of the experiment on acute and chronic toxicity tests for NaCl on E. fetida showed LC50 of 5436 mg/kg NaCl and EC50 for growth and cocoon production of 4985 and 2020 mg/kg NaCl. These values showed that earthworms might be negatively affected in many soils containing fairly moderate concentrations of salts. Similarly, A. caliginosa could not survive in natural soil containing relatively low salt concentrations (EC = 1.62 dS/m) while reproduction was severely affected at lower EC value of 0.52 dS/m. F. candida and E. doerjesi could survive in the highest salinity soil (EC = 1.62 dS/m) used in this study but their reproduction was severely affected from 1.03 dS/m. Overall, it appears that of all the taxa used, earthworm species were the most sensitive to saline stress and could proof useful in determining ‘safe levels’ of salt in contaminated soils. The results of the avoidance test showed that A. caliginosa avoided both natural and artificial saline soil containing concentrations lower than those avoided by E. fetida. The conclusion is that the influence of clay content and salinity on the bioavailability of Cu and Zn depends largely on the metal in question, but generally speaking, bioavailability and toxicity of the metals were reduced with increased clay content while the opposite was true for salinity. If the species used in this study can be seen as fairly representative of a wide range of soil organisms, the conclusion is that salinisation of soil will be detrimental to most soil organisms at relatively low saline concentrations. Given the role of beneficial soil organisms in several soil processes which in turn contribute to soil fertility and sustainable use of land, it is recommended that any farming practices that may lead to an increase in salt content of agricultural soils should be discouraged.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Metaalbesoedeling is ‘n probleem wat toenemende globale kommer veroorsaak. Dit kan ontstaan as gevolg van industriële aktiwiteite sowel as van plaagmiddelgebruik in die landbou en ander bronne.Ten einde die grondekostelsel genoegsaam te beskerm, moet die biobeskikbaarheid van metale ge-evalueer word. ‘n Verskeidenheid van grondfaktore be-invloed die biobeskikbaarheid van metale vir grondorganismes Hulle sluit onder andere in pH, klei, organiese inhoud en soutgehalte. Hoewel heelwat bekend is oor die rol van sommige van hierdie parameters, is min bekend oor hoe klei en soutgehalte die biobeskikbaarheid van metale vir grondorganismes kan modifieer. Hierdie studie het die invloed van kleiinhoud and soutgehalte op die verdeling/partisie, opname en toksisiteit van twee essensiële metale (Cu en Zn) vir die erdwurm Eisenia fetida in afsonderlike laboratoriumproewe ondersoek. Kompartementele verdeling van die metale is geevalueer deur middel van ekstraksie-metodes met 0.01 M CaCl2, DTPA (di-etileentriamien- penta asysnsuur), en salpertersuur ekstraksies. Die metaalinhoud van wurms is bepaal deur suurverterings en spektrofotometriese analises te doen terwyl groei, kokonproduksie en mortaliteit van organismes gebruik is as gevoeligheidseindpunte om toksisiteit van metale en soutgehalte aan te toon. Om die geldigheid van somige van die laboratoriumresultate te toets, is ‘n veldstudie ook onderneem met die erdwurm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Die effek van soutgehalte is verder ondersoek deur ‘n battery van laboratoriumtoetse met vier spesies (‘n kollembool Folsomia candida,’n potwurm Enchytraeus doerjesi en twee erdwurmspesies E. fetida en A. caliginosa), wat verskillende voedingspatrone verteenwoordig. Die resultate het getoon dat met toenmende klei-inhoud was daar ‘n toename in die beskikbaarheid van Cu vir opname vanuit die substraat, asook ‘n toename in toksisiteit vir E. fetida soos deur die gegewens vir mortaliteit en groei uitgewys. Die situasie met Zn was minder betekenisvol by subletale konsentrasies en selfs baie minder so by letale konsentrasies. DTPA en CaCl2 ge-ekstraheerde metale het veranderinge in die partisie/verdeling van Cu en Zn uitgewys met verandering in klei-inhoud, maar die tendens was nie altyd konstant nie. Beide DTPA en CaCl2 ekstraksie het toenemende beskikbaarheid van Zn in substrate uitgewys met toenemende soutinhoud. Soutinhoud het ‘n additiewe/toegevoegde tot sinergistiese vi toksisiteitseffek saam met Zn vir E. fetida. In kombinasie met Cu het soutgehalte ook die geskatte biobeskikbaarheid van Cu verhoog soos uitgewys deur die CaCl2, geekstraheerde fraksie, en het ‘n additiewe effek gehad op die toksisitiet van Cu vir die erdwurm. Die veldstudie kon nie die resultate van die laboratoriumstudie bevestig nie weens die belemmerende rol van vloede na swaar reënneerslae en daaropvolgende uitloging van soute en Cu. Die resultate van die eksperimentele ondersoek na die akute en chroniese effekte van NaCl op E. fetida het ‘n LC50 van 5436 mg/kg NaCl en EC50 vir groei en kokonproduksie van 4985 en 2020 mg/kg NaCl opgelewer. Hierdie waardes het aangetoon dat erdwurms moontlik negatief beinvloed kan word in baie gronde wat ‘n redelike gemiddelde konsentrasie van soute bevat. Soortgelyk kon A. caliginosa nie oorleef in natuurllike grond wat relatief lae soutkonsentrasies bevat het (EC=1.62 dS/m) nie terwyl voortplanting sterk ge-affekteer is by ‘n lae EC waarde van 0.52 dS/m. F. candida en E. doerjesi kon oorleef in die grond met die hoogste soutgehalte (EC= 1.62 dS/m) maar hulle voortplanting is ernstig geknou vanaf 1.03 dS/m. In geheel blyk dit dat van allle taksa wat gebruik is, erdwurms die sensitiefste was vir die stres wat deur soutgehalte veroorsaak is. Die kennis kan nuttig wees in die bepaling van “veilige vlakke” van sout in gekontamineerde gronde. Die resultate van die vermydingstoetse het getoon dat A. caliginosa beide natuurlike en kunsmatig versoute gronde vermy het by konsentrasies wat heelwat laer was as dié wat deur E. fetida vermy is Die gevolgtrekking is dat die invloed van klei en soutgehalte op die biobeskikbaarheid van Cu en Zn grootliks afhanklik is van die metale wat betrokke is en dat biobeskikbaarheid en toksisiteit normaalweg verminder het met verhoogde klei-inhoud, met die teenoorgestelde wat waar was in die geval van soutgehalte. Indien die spesies wat in die studie gebruik is beskou kan word as redelik verteenwoordigend van ‘n wye reeks van grondorganismes, is die gevolgtrekking dat versouting van gronde nadelig sal wees vir meeste grondorganismes, selfs by relatief lae soutkonsentrasies. In die lig van die rol wat nuttige grondorganismes speel in verskeie grondprosesse wat bydraend is tot grondvrugbaarheid en volhoubare gebruik van gronde, word dit aanbeveel dat enige boerderypraktyk wat mag lei tot verhoging van die soutinhoud van landbougronde ontmoedig moet word.
Mills, Kevin. "The response of reactive clay soils to wetting agents in the presence of active vegetation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
Find full textBeletse, Yacob Ghebretinsae. "Modelling the soil water and salt balance of planted pastures irrigated with sodium sulphate rich mine effluent." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01182005-083427.
Full textBoys, Roderick Charles James. "The impact of anthropogenic land-use change on soil organic carbon, Oporae Valley, Lake Tutira, New Zealand : a [thesis] submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physical Geography /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/966.
Full textEngelbrecht, Hendrik Nicolaas. "Water- en soutbalanse van geselekteerde besproeide gronde van die benede Bergrivier opvanggebied." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50227.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: A study was conducted between 2000 and 2002 in the lower Berg River catchment of the semi-arid Western Cape Province to investigate the effect of irrigation developments (wheat fields to table grapes) on the quality of the Berg River as well as the sustainability of these developments. This study was necessitated by the mineralisation of both the Breede and Berg River, probably due to irrigation together with the higher pressure on these water resources from the growing demand for fresh water from the Cape Town metropolitan area. Water and Salt balances of two dominant soil patterns (Glenrosa/Swartland and Oakleaf/Hutton soil forms) from the catchment area were monitored at two localities. Vineyard blocks of different ages in the same soil forms were used to study the effect of irrigation over time. The electrical conductivity of the soil water extracts (ECe) was measured three times over depth at the selected sites and the quality of irrigation and drainage return-flow were monitored. Soil water storing capacities of these stony (high rough fragment' fractions) soils were also characterised for more efficient drainage quantity prediction. Glenrosa/Swartland soils showed the highest ECe's (200-400 mx.m") that decreased significantly after four to five years of irrigation and distribution became more uniform over depth. These high salt concentrations were explained due to natural occurrence of salts, mineral weathering and salts from the irrigation water. Oakleaf/Hutton soils showed lower ECe's « 200 nfS.m") but they are subject to the quality of the irrigation water, which is not that constant over years. Localised salt accumulation was observed due to the irrigation method and became more prominent over years. Drainage quantities were under predicted because of the big/high rough fragment fractions and the occurrence of preferential-flow. This prohibited the accurate calculation of the soil water house holding characteristics. It also led to the under calculation of salt return-flow, but it was very evident that the most salt retumflow occurred from the Glenrosa/Swartland soils. Effective irrigation management to achieve and maintain optimal soil water levels and to reduce the negative impact of high ECe's is essential for the sustainability of these irrigation developments. At present it does not seem that the irrigation return-flow is causing dramatic mineralisation of the lower Berg River, but it is a situation that must be monitored as the developments extent and become older (come into production). It seems that irrigation return-flow only has an influence on the quality of the river at the beginning of such a development, but after about three years the influence directly correlates with the quality of irrigation water and mineral weathering.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Studie is gedurende die jare 2000 tot 2002 in die benede Bergrivier opvanggebied van die semi-ariede Wes-Kaap Provinsie gedoen om die effek van besproeiingsontwikkelings (koringlande na tafeldruiwe) op die kwaliteit van die Bergrivier se water, asook die volhoubaarheid van besproeiingslandbou te ondersoek. Hierdie studie was genoodsaak deur toenemende versouting van beide die Breede- en Bergrivier, waarskynlik a.g.v. besproeiing, tesarne met groter druk op hierdie waterbronne van wee die groeiende aanvraag na vars water deur die Kaapstadse metropool. Water- en soutbalanse van twee dominante grondpatrone (Glenrosa/Swartland en Oakleaf/Hutton grondvorms) binne die opvanggebied was by twee lokaliteite gemoniteer. Wingerdblokke van verskillende ouderdomme binne dieselfde grondvorms is gebruik om die effek van besproeiing oor tyd te ondersoek. Die elektriese geleiding van die grondwaterekstrak (EGe) was drie maal op verskillende dieptes by geselekteerde persele gemeet en die kwaliteit van besproeiingswater en dreineringsterugvloei was deurgaans gemoniteer. Grondwaterstoringskapasiteite van hierdie klipryke ( hoe 'growwe fragment fraksie) gronde was ook gekarakteriseer vir meer doeltreffende voorspellings van dreineringshoeveelhede. Glenrosa/Swartland gronde het die hoogste EGe's getoon (200-400 mx.m') wat na vier tot vyf jaar se besproeiing aansienlik afgeneem het en meer uniform met diepte versprei was. Die hoe soutkonsentrasies is veroorsaak deur die natuurlike voorkoms van sout in die grond, minerale verwering en sout vanuit die besproeiingswater. Oakleaf/Hutton gronde het laer EGe's getoon « 200 mS.m-I ), maar hierdie gronde se soutinhoud is ook onderhewig aan die kwaliteit van die besproeiingswater en dreinering wat oor jare nie baie konstant was en nog is nie. Gelokaliseerde soutaansarneling tussen wingerdrye is ook waargeneem a.g.v. die besproeiingsmetode en dit word meer prominent oor jare. Dreineringshoeveelhede was onder-voorspel a.g.v. die groot/hoe growwe fragment fraksies en voorkoms van voorkeurvloei, wat die akkurate modellering van grondwaterhuishouding beperk het. Dit het ook daartoe gelei dat soutterugvloei ondervoorspel was, maar dit was duidelik dat die meeste soutterugvloei vanuit die Glenrosa/Swartland gronde plaasvind. Effektiewe besproeiingsbestuur, om optimale grondwaterpeile te handhaaf en om negatiewe effekte van hoe EGe te beperk, is noodsaaklik vir die volhoubaarheid van hierdie tipe besproeiingsontwikkelings. Tans blyk dit nie of besproeiingsterugvloei drarnatiese versouting van die benede Bergrivier veroorsaak nie, maar dit is egter 'n situasie wat deeglik gemoniteer moet word soos wat ontwikkelings uitbrei en ouer word (in produksie kom). Besproeiingsterugvloei het dus net aan die begin van so 'n ontwikkelling 'n invloed op die EG van die rivier, maar na ongeveer drie jaar hou die invloed direk verband met die kwaliteit van die besproeiingswater en minerale verwenng.
Paes, Jefferson Luiz de Aguiar. "Dispersão e condutividade hidráulica em solos de Pernambuco, em resposta à saturação por sódio e à concentração salina da solução." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5482.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
To estimate clay dispersion susceptibility, the water dispersible clay (WDC) is determined in the laboratory. This analysis may not correspond to reality observed in the field, when saline and saline-sodic soils are present, due to the relatively high salt concentration in the soil solution. In addition, results of determinations of saturates hydraulic conductivity (K0) in the laboratory with distilled or deionized water, may also not match the field conditions in these soils. Thus, we determined the dispersed clay (DC) and the K0, in the laboratory using working solutions of different electrical conductivities (EC) in seven representative soils of Pernambuco State, with exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) set in the range of 5-30%. In the determination of DC was used a factorial arrangement (7x6x5): 7 soils, 6 adjustments in ESP values (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30%) and 5 EC (0, 0.3, 0.6; 0.9 and 1.2 dS m-1). In the K0 assay was used a factorial arrangement (7x3x3): 7 soil, 3 adjustments in ESP values (5, 15 and 30%) and 3 EC (0, 0.6 and 1.2 dS m-1). The adjustment of ESP was performed by saturating the soil with solutions of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) appropriate. The DC was obtained by stirring a suspension of 400 ml in 500 mL containers, using a Wagner rotary shaker for 16 h, at 50 rpm. The K0 was measured using constant head permeameter. The experimental results show that there was an increase in the values of DC directly related to the increase in ESP and decrease in EC, also resulting in a decrease in the value K0. The response to treatment was more pronounced in soils with higher proportions of active clays compared to those with a strong presence of iron oxides. The presence of more active clay causes reduction in K0 compared to soils with high percentage of oxides. Those soils are more susceptible to K0 variations due to ESP. Also there is a marked influence of water EC used in the analysis or for irrigation. Measurements of WDC and K0, usually associated with problems of infiltration, erosion and deterioration of the soil structure, are generally performed in laboratories with deionized or distilled water, EC close to 0 dS m-1. However, for salt affected soils, the analysis should be carried out with solutions of EC ≠ 0 dS m-1, using values close to the EC of the saturation extract.
Para estimar a tendência à dispersão de argilas, determina-se, em laboratório, o teor de argila dispersa em água (ADA). Essa análise pode não corresponder à realidade no campo em solos salinos e salino-sódicos, em que a solução desses apresenta concentrações relativamente elevadas de sais. Em acréscimo, resultados de determinações da condutividade hidráulica em meio saturado (K0) em laboratório, com água destilada ou deionizada, podem também não corresponder às condições de campo nesses solos. Determinaram-se a argila dispersa (AD) e a K0, em laboratório, utilizando soluções de trabalho de diferentes condutividades elétricas (CE) em sete solos representativos do Estado de Pernambuco, com percentagem de saturação de sódio (PST) ajustada no intervalo de 5-30%. Na determinação da AD, utilizou-se arranjo fatorial (7x6x5): sete solos, seis ajustes nos valores da PST (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30%) e cinco CE (0; 0,3; 0,6; 0,9; e 1,2 dS m-1). No ensaio da K0, usou-se arranjo fatorial (7x3x3): sete solos, três ajustes nos valores da PST (5, 15 e 30 %) e três CE (0; 0,6 e 1,2 dS m-1). O ajuste da PST foi realizado, saturando os solos com soluções de relação de adsorção de sódio (RAS) apropriadas. A AD foi obtida agitando-se 400 mL de suspensão em recipientes de 500 mL, em agitador rotatório Wagner, durante 16 h, a 50 rpm. A K0 foi quantificada por meio de permeâmetros de carga constante. Os resultados experimentais evidenciaram que houve incremento nos valores da AD diretamente relacionado com o aumento da PST e a diminuição da CE na solução de trabalho, resultando também na diminuição nos valores da K0. A resposta aos tratamentos foi mais acentuada nos solos com maiores proporções de argilas ativas frente àqueles com presença marcante de óxidos de ferro. A presença de argilas mais ativas leva à diminuição da K0, quando comparada com solos com maior proporção de óxidos, tornando esses mais susceptíveis a variações de K0, em decorrência da PST, com marcada influência da CE da água eventualmente utilizada na análise ou na irrigação. As determinações da ADA e de K0, geralmente associadas a problemas de infiltração, erosão e degradação da estrutura dos solos, são realizadas em laboratórios com água deionizada ou destilada, de CE próxima de 0 dS m-1; no entanto, para solos afetados por sais, as análises deveriam ser realizadas com soluções de CE ≠ 0 dS m-1, utilizando valores próximos aos do extrato da pasta de saturação.
Jenkins, Sommer. "Ecophysiological principles governing the zonation of puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) and tall wheatgrass (Thinopyrum ponticum) on saline waterlogged land in south-western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0133.
Full textCobban, Dale Anne. "Evaluation of three simple hydrosalinity models applied to citrus orchards in the Lower Coerney River irrigation area, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005504.
Full textVolschenk, Theresa. "The effect of saline irrigation on selected soil properties, plant physiology and vegetative reproductive growth of Palsteyn appricots (Prunus armeniaca L.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1196.
Full textApproximately 45% of apricot tree plantings in South Africa are centered on Montagu, Koo and Barrydale in the Little Karoo. Below average production in this area could be ascribed to the deteriorating water quality of the Breede River and highly saline groundwater from boreholes which provide this area with irrigation water. Profit margins for farmers are such that decreased yields cannot be tolerated. Correct management of low quality water could improve production and net farm income and could decrease irrigation return flow into the river system. The objective of this work was to establish whether international water quality guidelines for apricot are applicable under a different set of climatic conditions for a locally important cultivar and to revise guidelines if necessary for the management of irrigation with saline water. A drainage lysimeter was used to evaluate the effect of saline irrigation on apricot (Prunus armeniaca cultivar Palsteyn) trees over a period of four years at Stellenbosch (S33° 55’; E18° 53’) in the Western Cape.
HASSAN, HESHAM MAHMOUD. "ESTIMATION OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND IRRIGATION UNIFORMITY FROM SUBSOIL SALINITY (ARIZONA)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188001.
Full textHengari, Simeon Ngaitungue. "The growth response of Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis to salt stress, ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae double colonisation /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/390.
Full textFarrell, Claire. "Leaf-litter and microsite on seedling recruitment in an alley-planted E. sargentii and Atriplex spp. saline agricultural system." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0110.
Full textMcDonald, Kathi. "Variation in morphology, salinity and waterlogging tolerance and resource allocation in strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.) : implications for its use in mildly saline soils in southern Australian farming systems." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0105.
Full textCleland, Jonelle. "Western Australia's salinity investment framework : a study of priority setting in policy and practice." University of Western Australia. School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0120.
Full textLerotholi, Sekhonyana. "The role of salinity as an abiotic driver of ecological condition in a rural agricultural catchment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005528.
Full textКамаєва, І. О. "Екологічна безпека гірничо-хімічних виробництв в умовах аеротехногенного забруднення довкілля (на прикладі Калуського промислового району)." Thesis, Івано-Франківський національний технічний університет нафти і газу, 2009. http://elar.nung.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4306.
Full textДиссертация посвящена изучению проблемы аэротехногенного загрязнения окружающей среды в районе воздействия горно-химических предприятий. В диссертационной работе решена важная научно-практическая задача по установлению особенностей формирования экологической опасности горнохимических предприятий и выявлению масштабов их влияния на элементы окружающей среды, а также разработаны природоохранные мероприятия и средства, уменьшающие влияние отходов калийных производств на окружающую среду. Рассмотрена концепция изучения процесса распространения выбросов промышленных предприятий в приземном слое атмосферы. Построена математическая модель рассеивания выбросов, а также получены зависимости дальности полета частиц от их плотности, размера, высоты источника выбросов и скорости ветра. Рассматривая солеотвалы Домбровского карьера как источник вредных выбросов, также построена математическая модель пылевого рассеивания под воздействием силы ветра. Разработанные математические модели рассеивания вредных веществ позволяют оперативно оценить масштабы загрязнения территорий, подвергшихся аэротехногенному влиянию не только при лимитированных выбросах, но и при аварийных. Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований аэротехногенного загрязнения зоны аэрации соле-отвалами Домбровского карьера. Изучено и обосновано явление повышения водопроницаемости глинистых почв при увеличении концентрации солевого фильтрующего раствора. Для упрощенной модели баланса массы вещества, растворенного в элементе водоносного пласта, предложена методика определения уровня загрязнения подземных вод путем расчета концентрации мигрирующего вещества. Для эффективного подавления пыли на территории дробильно-сортировочного комплекса разработана автоматизированная установка и проведены ее испытания с использованием поверхностно-активных веществ. Изобретен способ очистки воздуха от пыли воздушно-механической пеной высокой кратности при транспортировке и переработке калийных руд. Этот способ будет использован при реконструкции калийных производств ОАО “Гирхимпром”.
Dissertation is devoted to the investigation of the aerotechnogenical contamination problem in the area of mine-chemical enterprises activity. In the dissertational work the important scientific-practical task of establishment features of forming ecological danger by mine-chemical productions and size detection of their influence on the environment is decided, and also the nature protections measures and means of decrease the potassiums production wastes influence on the environment are elaborated. The mathematical model of the harmful matters dispersion in the atmosphere, taking into account the height of ejection source, speed of wind, density and size of particles, is constructed. The results of experimental researches of aerotechnogenical contamination of the environment by salt dumpes of Dombrov quarry are presented and the phenomenon of increasing water permeability of clay soils with growing concentration of salt filtering solution is substantiated. For the simplified model of the admixture mass balance, placed in the water stratum element, the methodics for definition the pollution level of the underground water basing on the estimation of the concentration the migrated admixture, is suggested. The method for cleaning air from dust is invented. This method will be introduced at the reconstruction of potassiums productions OAC “Girhimprom”.
Asghari, Hamid Reza. "Effects of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungal colonization on management of saline lands." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37965.
Full textThesis (Ph.D.)--School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2004.
Alfatesh, Ibrahim Yahya. "Sodium, calcium, and magnesium changes in soils upon application of saline-sodic waters." 1986. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1986_240_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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